CN115106488B - Drainage device for copper alloy casting - Google Patents
Drainage device for copper alloy casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN115106488B CN115106488B CN202210770418.5A CN202210770418A CN115106488B CN 115106488 B CN115106488 B CN 115106488B CN 202210770418 A CN202210770418 A CN 202210770418A CN 115106488 B CN115106488 B CN 115106488B
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- graphite
- cap head
- cavity
- liquid outlet
- pipeline
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/103—Distributing the molten metal, e.g. using runners, floats, distributors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a drainage device for copper alloy casting, which comprises a graphite drainage tube, wherein the drainage tube comprises the following components from top to bottom: the graphite pipe and the graphite cap head are arranged at the lower end of the graphite pipe, and the inner cavities of the graphite pipe and the graphite cap head are in fluid communication; the upper end of graphite pipeline and the chute intercommunication that draws forth copper liquid in the smelting furnace, graphite cap head inserts and establishes in the crystallizer with copper liquid introducing into the crystallizer, its characterized in that: the graphite cap head comprises a bottom wall and a peripheral wall extending upwards along the edge of the bottom wall, so that a cavity with an open upper end is defined, the lower end diameter of the graphite pipeline is inserted into the cavity, and a plurality of liquid outlet holes which are in fluid communication with the cavity are formed in the peripheral wall. The liquid outlet hole arranged on the side wall can enable copper liquid to directly contact the inner wall of the crystallizer under the action of hydraulic pressure and flow back, can reduce the temperature of the partial melt, and provides favorable conditions for crystallization nucleation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of copper alloy preparation, and particularly relates to a drainage device for copper alloy casting.
Background
The copper alloy casting technology is a heavy center in the copper alloy production process, the key preparation steps are that molten copper is led out from a smelting furnace through a launder, the molten copper is finally led out into a crystallizer, an ingot is prepared by cooling, a graphite drainage tube is arranged between the launder and the crystallizer and comprises a graphite pipeline and a graphite cap head arranged at the lower end of the graphite pipeline, the inner cavities of the graphite pipeline and the graphite cap head are in fluid communication, the existing graphite drainage tube is of a hollow structure which is penetrated up and down, a liquid outlet is formed in the bottom of the graphite cap head, the graphite pipeline has the main functions of protecting the molten copper from being oxidized, and the graphite cap head has the main functions of controlling the flow of the molten copper entering the crystallizer and stabilizing the state of the molten copper. The copper liquid state refers to a process state from the outflow of the copper liquid from the cap head to the completion of crystallization and solidification. Only ensuring the stable surface of copper liquid state in the crystallizer, stable internal flow, normal exhaust, proper cooling gradient and casting conditions. If the liquid level fluctuation turbulence, the internal exhaust abnormality and the like occur, the defects of cold insulation, slag inclusion, central air holes and the like of the cast ingot can be caused. The requirement on the cast ingot for forging is higher, and the crystal orientation of the cast ingot needs to be additionally controlled, so that the consistency of the forging process and the crystal orientation is ensured.
In order to obtain an ingot with excellent comprehensive processing performance, the conventional means at present are to refine structural grains and generate crystal orientations conforming to the processing mode, wherein the most common use is electromagnetic stirring technology, and the technology is applied to casting, and is characterized in that electromagnetic stirring equipment is added at a crystallizer part, and the technology can effectively stir copper liquid, uniformly disperse solute, increase nucleation grains, refine grain structures, reduce solid-liquid interface temperature gradient and the like under the action of an electromagnetic field. However, the price of electromagnetic stirring equipment is generally high, complex design matching is required according to the size of casting equipment and products, long time is required from design to manufacture, and the cost performance is low for common copper alloy casting.
Therefore, further improvements are required for the technical means for improving the uniformity of the components of the ingot and controlling the crystal orientation of the ingot.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a drainage device for copper alloy casting, which has fine crystal grains of an ingot tissue.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a drainage device for copper alloy casting, comprising a graphite drainage tube, comprising from top to bottom: the graphite pipe and the graphite cap head are arranged at the lower end of the graphite pipe, and the inner cavities of the graphite pipe and the graphite cap head are in fluid communication; the upper end of graphite pipeline and the chute intercommunication that draws forth copper liquid in the smelting furnace, graphite cap head inserts and establishes in the crystallizer with copper liquid introducing into the crystallizer, its characterized in that: the graphite cap head comprises a bottom wall and a peripheral wall extending upwards along the edge of the bottom wall, so that a cavity with an open upper end is defined, the lower end diameter of the graphite pipeline is inserted into the cavity, and a plurality of liquid outlet holes which are in fluid communication with the cavity are formed in the peripheral wall. The liquid outlet hole arranged on the side wall can enable copper liquid to directly contact the inner wall of the crystallizer under the action of hydraulic pressure and flow back, can reduce the temperature of the partial melt, and provides favorable conditions for crystallization nucleation. The process can balance the temperature gradient of the melt crystal face, namely, the temperature difference between the melt at the inner wall of the crystallizer and the central melt is reduced, the generation of cast crystal is reduced, and conditions are provided for forming equiaxial crystal.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the liquid outlet hole is phi c, the inner diameter of the cavity is phi b, the inner diameter of the graphite pipeline is phi D, and phi c < (phi b-phi D)/2. When the phi c is more than or equal to (phi b-phi D)/2, the design flow rate of the liquid outlet hole cannot support the contact between the copper liquid and the inner wall of the crystallizer, so that the temperature gradient at the crystal face cannot be reduced, more casting crystals can be generated, and the quality of the cast ingot is affected.
Preferably, the plurality of liquid outlet holes are uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the cavity, the number of the liquid outlet holes is n, and n is 3-10. When the number of the liquid outlet holes is less than 3, a better forced copper liquid rotation effect cannot be provided, and the uniform tissue cannot be ensured due to the smaller rotation area; when the number of the copper liquid is more than 10, the structure uniformity can be improved, but the aperture of each liquid outlet hole is smaller based on the situation of opening the holes of the actual material, the copper liquid can flow out in a spraying way to disorder the flow of melt, and the defects of air holes, looseness and the like of a casting structure are caused.
Preferably, the liquid outlet holes are distributed at the central symmetry line of the graphite cap head, the intersection point of the central axis of the liquid outlet holes and the symmetry center line of the graphite cap head falls on the circular overlook projection of the inner wall of the cavity, and the included angle between the central axis of the liquid outlet holes and the central symmetry line of the corresponding graphite cap head is h, and the h satisfies:where g=360°/n. If h>g, the forced copper liquid rotation effect is good, but graphite bearing hydraulic pressure is larger at the intersection of contour lines on two sides of the liquid outlet hole and the excircle of the cavity contour, and the graphite bearing hydraulic pressure is higher at high temperature [ ]>The material is easy to break under the condition of 1085 ℃ to cause failure; if->The forced rotation effect is poor and a spiral macroscopic metallographic structure cannot be formed. While the spiral macroscopic metallographic structure can be changedThe crystal orientation relation of the cast ingot is changed, so that the material does not crack under the condition of bearing multidirectional forging.
Preferably, the liquid outlet hole is inclined downwards from the inside of the cavity to the outside of the cavity, and the inclination angle f is 5-20 degrees. The copper liquid flows downwards and flows back from the inner wall of the crystallizer, so that the temperature gradient at the crystal face of the melt can be reduced, the depth of liquid cavities is reduced, ingot crystal grains grow along the casting direction, the longitudinal crystal grain orientation is changed, the generation of casting crystal at the cross section is reduced, and the material has more excellent forging performance. When the inclination angle f is small, the reduction of the depth of the pit is not remarkable, and when the inclination angle is large, the copper liquid flowing out cannot contact the inside of the mold to reduce the temperature gradient, and this effect cannot be produced, so that f is preferably 5 to 20 °.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: compared with the traditional graphite cap head design, the special graphite cap head design can play the role of: 1. uniformly dispersing solute, reducing solid-liquid interface temperature gradient, increasing nucleation grains, refining grain structure, and reducing cast crystal generation; 2. the macroscopic metallographic phase of the cast ingot is in a spiral structure, the crystal orientation relation of the cast ingot is changed, and the forging performance of the cast ingot is optimized. Compared with an electromagnetic stirring technology, the scheme is low in design cost, short in period and good in effect according to requirements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a graphite cap head in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the graphite cap head in comparative example 1.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the graphite cap head of comparative example 1.
FIG. 5 is a photograph of the macroscopic metallographic structure of an ingot prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a photograph of a macroscopic metallographic structure of an ingot prepared using the comparative example.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
The present invention provides 3 examples and 1 comparative example, which employ the current guiding device for copper alloy casting of the present application, including the graphite draft tube 1.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the graphite drainage tube 1 includes from top to bottom: a graphite pipeline 11 and a graphite cap head 12 arranged at the lower end of the graphite pipeline 11, wherein the inner cavities of the graphite pipeline 11 and the graphite cap head are in fluid communication; the upper end of the graphite pipe 11 is communicated with a launder which leads out copper liquid in the smelting furnace, the graphite cap head 12 is inserted in the crystallizer to lead copper liquid into the crystallizer, the graphite cap head 12 comprises a bottom wall 121 and a peripheral wall 122 which extends upwards along the edge of the bottom wall 121 and is used for limiting a cavity 124 with an open upper end, the lower end diameter of the graphite pipe 11 is inserted in the cavity 124, and a plurality of liquid outlet holes 125 which are in fluid communication with the cavity 124 are formed in the peripheral wall 122.
Example 1 was used to prepare C18200 ingots of Φ200mm, composition controlled as Cr:0.9%, si:0.03%, the balance being Cu and unavoidable impurities.
1) Smelting: the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing materials according to required components, adding the materials into a smelting furnace according to a proportion, smelting, adding an electrolytic plate, adding copper-chromium intermediate alloy after melting, and carrying out drawing casting after the components are qualified at a smelting temperature of 1310 ℃.
2) Casting: pouring copper water into a launder, and introducing a graphite pipeline and a graphite cap head into a crystallizer through the design of the invention, wherein the water inlet temperature of primary cooling water is 20 ℃, and the water flow is 15m 3 And/min, the casting speed is 110mm/min, and after the casting length is 8m, the drawing casting is finished, so that the C18200 cast ingot is obtained.
The microstructure of the obtained cast ingot is detected, as shown in figure 5, the microstructure is tiny and basically equiaxed crystal, the area ratio is more than 90 percent, columnar crystal is not included, the macroscopic grain size is 1-3mm, the macroscopic metallographic structure is spiral, and the cast ingot is subjected to three times of upsetting-drawing forging without cracking.
Example 2 was used to prepare C36000 ingots of Φ245mm with composition control of Cu:61%, pb:2.7%, the balance Zn and unavoidable impurities.
1) Smelting: the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing materials according to required components, adding the materials into a smelting furnace according to a proportion, smelting, adding an electrolytic plate, adding zinc ingots and lead blocks after melting, and carrying out drawing casting after the components are qualified, wherein the smelting temperature is 1090 ℃.
2) CastingManufacturing: pouring copper water into a launder, and introducing the graphite pipeline and the graphite cap head into a crystallizer through the design of the invention, wherein the water inlet temperature of primary cooling water is 21 ℃ and the water flow is 20m 3 And (3) per minute, the casting speed is 88mm/min, and after the casting length is 10m, the drawing casting is finished, so that a C36000 cast ingot is obtained.
And detecting microstructure of the obtained cast ingot, wherein the microstructure is tiny and basically equiaxed crystal, the area ratio is more than 89%, columnar crystal is not formed, the grain size is 2-5mm, the macroscopic metallographic structure is spiral, and red punching does not crack.
Example 3 was used to prepare C49265 ingots of Φ245mm with composition control of Cu:60%, bi:1.0%, pb:0.05%, P:0.08%, the balance Zn and unavoidable impurities.
1) Smelting: the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing materials according to required components, adding the materials into a smelting furnace according to a proportion, smelting, adding an electrolytic plate, adding zinc ingots, bismuth ingots and phosphor-copper alloy after melting, and carrying out drawing casting after the components are qualified at the smelting temperature of 1100 ℃.
2) Casting: pouring copper water into a launder, and entering a crystallizer through a graphite pipeline and a graphite cap head designed by the invention, wherein the water inlet temperature of primary cooling water is 18 ℃ and the water flow is 18m 3 And (3) per minute, the casting speed is 100mm/min, and after the casting length is 6m, the drawing casting is finished, so that a C49260 cast ingot is obtained.
And detecting microstructure of the obtained cast ingot, wherein the microstructure is tiny and basically equiaxed crystal, the area ratio is more than 91%, columnar crystal is not formed, the grain size is 2-6mm, the macroscopic metallographic structure is spiral, and red punching does not crack.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the drainage device of the comparative example is different from that of example 1 in that: the liquid outlet holes 21 are formed in the top wall of the graphite cap head 2 and are in fluid communication with the cavity 22 of the graphite cap head 2, copper liquid enters the cavity 22 of the graphite cap head 2 from top to bottom along a graphite pipeline from a launder, and flows into a crystallizer from four arc-shaped liquid outlet holes 21 formed in the top wall of the graphite cap head 2 under the action of hydraulic pressure.
An ingot was prepared using the drainage device of the comparative example, and the alloy composition design and the drawing parameters were the same as in example 1.
Referring to FIG. 6, the microstructure is coarse, columnar crystals are developed, the area ratio reaches 90%, the macroscopic grain size is more than 6mm, and the macroscopic metallographic structure is in a divergent dendritic shape; the crack was forged by three "upsetting-elongation" passes of the same control parameters as in the examples.
TABLE 1 control of key parameters of graphite draft tubes in examples and comparative examples of the present invention
Claims (2)
1. A drainage device for copper alloy casting, comprising a graphite drainage tube (1) comprising from top to bottom: the graphite pipeline (11) and the graphite cap head (12) are arranged at the lower end of the graphite pipeline (11), and the inner cavities of the graphite pipeline and the graphite cap head are in fluid communication; the upper end of the graphite pipeline (11) is communicated with a launder which leads out copper liquid in the smelting furnace, and the graphite cap head (12) is inserted in the crystallizer to lead the copper liquid into the crystallizer, and is characterized in that: the graphite cap head (12) comprises a bottom wall (121) and a peripheral wall (122) extending upwards along the edge of the bottom wall (121) and defining a cavity (124) with an open upper end, the lower end of the graphite pipeline (11) is radially inserted into the cavity (124), and a plurality of liquid outlet holes (125) which are in fluid communication with the cavity (124) are formed in the peripheral wall (122);
the inner diameter of the liquid outlet hole (125) is phi c, the inner diameter of the cavity (124) is phi b, the inner diameter of the graphite pipeline (11) is phi D, and phi c < (phi b-phi D)/2;
the liquid outlet holes (125) are uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the cavity (124), the number of the liquid outlet holes (125) is n, and n is 3-10;
the liquid outlet holes (125) are distributed at the central symmetry line of the graphite cap head (12), the intersection points of the central axis of the liquid outlet holes (125) and the symmetry center line of the graphite cap head (12) are located on the circular overlook projection of the inner wall of the cavity (124), the included angle between the central axis of the liquid outlet holes (125) and the central symmetry line of the corresponding graphite cap head (12) is h, and the h satisfies: g>h> Wherein g=360°/n.
2. The drainage device for copper alloy casting according to claim 1, wherein: the liquid outlet hole (125) is inclined downwards from the inside of the cavity (124) to the outside of the cavity (124), and the inclination angle f is 5-20 degrees.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210770418.5A CN115106488B (en) | 2022-06-30 | 2022-06-30 | Drainage device for copper alloy casting |
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| CN202210770418.5A CN115106488B (en) | 2022-06-30 | 2022-06-30 | Drainage device for copper alloy casting |
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| CN115106488B true CN115106488B (en) | 2023-07-21 |
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| CN205254061U (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-05-25 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Copper and copper alloy for semi -continuous casting graphite water pipe |
| CN107321941A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-11-07 | 无锡隆达金属材料有限公司 | A kind of horizontal casting White brass alloy pipe crystallizer die graphite inner sleeve |
| CN108118161A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-05 | 安徽楚江科技新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of degasification method of smelting of big specification brass ingot casting |
| CN207982263U (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-10-19 | 安徽楚江科技新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of crystal system of big specification brass ingot casting |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10378121B2 (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2019-08-13 | Globalwafers Co., Ltd. | Crystal pulling system and method for inhibiting precipitate build-up in exhaust flow path |
| CN111270301A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-12 | 上海新昇半导体科技有限公司 | Guide cylinder of crystal growth furnace and crystal growth furnace |
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- 2022-06-30 CN CN202210770418.5A patent/CN115106488B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4006842A1 (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1991-09-12 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Strip casting assembly - has die head with flow guides to prevent turbulence in molten metal passing to the mouthpiece |
| CN1067196A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-12-23 | 山东省新泰市铜材研究所 | Craphite crystallizer for upper leading continuous casting |
| CN201308976Y (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-09-16 | 顾晓雷 | Hot top for aluminum alloy circular ingot and horizontal casting |
| CN102319881A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-01-18 | 东北大学 | Equipment and method for simultaneously preparing multiple round aluminum alloy ingots |
| CN205254061U (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-05-25 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Copper and copper alloy for semi -continuous casting graphite water pipe |
| CN107321941A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-11-07 | 无锡隆达金属材料有限公司 | A kind of horizontal casting White brass alloy pipe crystallizer die graphite inner sleeve |
| CN108118161A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-05 | 安徽楚江科技新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of degasification method of smelting of big specification brass ingot casting |
| CN207982263U (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-10-19 | 安徽楚江科技新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of crystal system of big specification brass ingot casting |
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