CN115106394A - High-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing method for pipe fitting for pressure container - Google Patents
High-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing method for pipe fitting for pressure container Download PDFInfo
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- CN115106394A CN115106394A CN202110300025.3A CN202110300025A CN115106394A CN 115106394 A CN115106394 A CN 115106394A CN 202110300025 A CN202110300025 A CN 202110300025A CN 115106394 A CN115106394 A CN 115106394A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/04—Mandrels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing method of a pipe fitting for a pressure container, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a blank, and processing according to the processing procedure of the qualified blank; (2) heating a blank, namely heating a qualified blank, and the process comprises the following steps: cleaning and deoiling a blank, preheating in an annular furnace, and heating in an induction furnace; (3) extruding and pipe-making, namely extruding and pipe-making the high-temperature blank obtained by the treatment of the step (2), wherein the working procedures comprise the steps of selectively installing a mandrel ejector rod, selectively installing an extruding cylinder, selectively installing a die holder and a die sleeve of a die, setting extrusion parameters, coating a solid lubricant on the surface of the high-temperature blank and performing high-temperature extrusion pipe-making processing; (4) and (4) material receiving and inspection, wherein the pipe blank obtained by the treatment in the step (3) is subjected to hot sawing, cooling and inspection to obtain a finished product of the pipe fitting for the pressure container. The method can reduce the faults of core rod deformation, breakage, extrusion 'blank car' and the like, and the prepared pipe fitting for the pressure container meets the requirement that the grain size is finer than 5 grade.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a process method for producing seamless steel tubes in the metallurgy and machinery industries, in particular to a high-temperature extrusion tube-making method for a pressure container pipe fitting, which is particularly suitable for the high-temperature hot-state extrusion tube-making processing of a 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-chromium-iron-based solid solution strengthened nickel-based alloy seamless steel tube with the finished tube diameter of 100mm and the wall thickness of more than 20 mm.
Background
Seamless steel pipes are common metallurgical metal products; the production process of the seamless steel tube by high-temperature extrusion mainly comprises the steps of tube blank preparation, tube blank heating, tube blank penetrating/reaming, blank dephosphorization, tube blank secondary heating, tube extrusion tube manufacturing, finished product cooling, inspection and the like, wherein the tube extrusion tube manufacturing is a key core process of the whole high-temperature extrusion tube manufacturing process. A seamless steel tube high-temperature extrusion pipe making is a metal forming method which utilizes the good plasticity of metal materials at high temperature under the state of three-dimensional compressive stress, carries out extrusion processing on metal above the recrystallization temperature through a die hole formed by an inner hole of an extrusion die and the excircle of a core rod, and extrudes a tube blank (high-temperature round steel) from one die hole to obtain a tube with a cross section in the shape of the die hole; the high temperature extrusion pipe making process for seamless steel pipe has the characteristics of large deformation, high capacity, high control precision of dimensional tolerance, uniform metal structure, easy one-step forming control, convenient continuous production of structure and the like, is suitable for forming pipe making of various pipes of various alloy steels, stainless steels, high-strength steels, nickel-based high temperature alloys and the like, gradually replaces the traditional hot rolling perforation process, and becomes the main pipe making mode for producing high-end seamless steel pipes at home and abroad at present. Therefore, the high-temperature extrusion tube-making technology can be used as a processing method for preparing and processing the tube seat penetrating piece for the special-purpose pressure container instead of the original metal cutting technology.
The pipe fitting for the pressure container is a penetrating piece, is an important component of the pressure container with special purposes, and is a pipe member for communicating the inside and the outside of the pressure container, wherein a circular seamless steel pipe is adopted to locally penetrate through the shell of the pressure container, and the penetrating piece and the shell of the pressure container are connected into a whole through processes such as welding and the like; the penetration is characterized in that on one hand, a plurality of pipelines need to enter and exit from the containment vessel for installing various pipelines, the containment vessel is a third safety barrier of the nuclear power station, the integrity of the containment vessel is directly related to the radiation safety of the nuclear power station, so that a penetration piece is required to be strictly sealed with the containment vessel, on the other hand, the penetration piece is used for penetrating a tube seat of a control rod driving mechanism of a reactor pressure vessel, is used as an important pressure boundary of a reactor loop system, bears the action of high temperature and high pressure and is directly contacted with a coolant, and therefore, the penetration piece has extremely high requirements on the strength, the plastic toughness, the corrosion resistance, the fatigue resistance and the like of materials used for the penetration piece; the two penetration pieces are different in installation position and function, and the metal performance of the penetration piece is more severe particularly under the action of the control rod drive mechanism tube seat.
The pipe seat penetrating piece pipe of the international first-generation special-purpose pressure container is made of 600 alloy materials, and the stress corrosion resistance of the alloy is relatively poor; in 9 months 1991, cracks of a driving mechanism and a thermocouple tube seat are found for the first time in French pressurized water reactor Bugey3, so that primary loop water leaks; due to the occurrence of the event, international research and development and industrial production of the materials of the penetration piece are led, and the 690 alloy (00Cr30Ni60Fe10) is adopted by countries such as the United states, France and the like to replace 600 as the materials of the penetration piece, so that the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the pipe fitting used by the penetration piece are improved. 690 alloy, namely 00Cr30Ni60Fe10, is a nickel-chromium-iron-based solid solution strengthening nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy, has a Cr content of up to 30%, has good high temperature corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, excellent cold and hot processing and welding performance, has excellent hot strength and plasticity at a temperature below 700 ℃, can be strengthened by cold processing, and can also be used for resistance welding, solution welding or brazing connection, particularly for preparing and processing oxidation-resistant parts bearing low loads at a temperature below 1100 ℃; the main components of the alloy comprise 0.01-0.04% of C, 28-31% of Cr, more than or equal to 58% of Ni, 8-11% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.30% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.005% of S, less than or equal to 0.01% of P and the like.
At present, application research in related fields at home and abroad shows that the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 alloy has excellent corrosion resistance in various corrosive aqueous media and high-temperature atmosphere, has excellent stress corrosion cracking resistance in solution containing chloride and sodium hydroxide compared with alloys such as 600 and 800, and has high strength, good metallurgical stability and excellent processing characteristics; therefore, the material becomes a material for equipment key parts such as nuclear power equipment, petrochemical equipment and the like with severe working conditions and corrosive environments at home and abroad at present, and is widely applied to penetration pieces of special-purpose pressure vessels.
The research and development and the industrial production of the pipe seat penetrating piece of the pressure vessel with special purposes in China are started in the nineties of the last century, and because of the material processing technology, technical equipment and other reasons, the process of metal smelting → metal forging → mechanical cutting processing (firstly drilling and then boring) is adopted to prepare and process the metal round steel into a tubular component similar to a seamless steel pipe; the process technology can complete the preparation and processing of the pipe seat penetrating piece of the pressure vessel with special domestic use, but has the advantages of low utilization rate of alloy materials, large loss, extremely high cost, high non-uniformity of metal structure and unstable quality; with the improvement of the requirements on the safety and the reliability of the pipe seat penetrating piece product, the process technology cannot adapt to the sustainable development of the domestic energy (nuclear power) field; as a high-end product in the metallurgical industry, international technical blockade and barriers lead to extremely difficult international procurement, and according to equipment and technological development in the domestic seamless steel tube production field, the production and processing technology of the special-purpose pressure vessel penetration piece is optimized and improved, so that the requirement of the energy (nuclear power) field on the high-end seamless steel tube can be met, national heavy equipment research and development production is promoted, national energy safety is guaranteed, and enterprise core competitiveness is improved, and the method has positive significance.
The hot extrusion production process flow of the seamless steel pipe commonly used at present is as follows: blank preparation → cut to length (band sawing machine) → drilling centering hole (centering hole drilling machine) → excircle cutting (lathe) → drilling deep hole (deep hole drilling machine) → end surface machining (lathe) → optical blank inspection → coping → cleaning and degreasing (cleaning machine) → pipe blank preheating (ring furnace) → 1 time induction heating (electromagnetic induction furnace) → piercing/reaming (vertical hole expanding machine) → 2 times induction heating (electromagnetic induction furnace) → high temperature extrusion (horizontal extruder) → hot sawing (cut to length hot data) → cooling by cold bed (cold bed) or quenching (quenching tank) → inspection → finished product or turning into cold working production (see fig. 1).
As no production precedent of 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-chromium-iron-based solid solution strengthened nickel-base corrosion-resistant alloy high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing is existed in China, the yield is lower when trial manufacturing is carried out by referring to the process method of the nickel-base alloy high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing of the same type (with close element components), and the main problems are that:
1) the requirement on grain size is high, the temperature control difficulty is large and the 'stuffiness' is easy to occur during the extrusion pipe making: because the grain size control requirement of the nickel-based alloy seamless steel pipe for the penetrating piece is high (finer than 5-grade fine grains), under the condition of the existing technical equipment, the requirement that the fine grain size of a hot extrusion pipe processed by extrusion pipe manufacturing meets the technical requirement can only be met by reasonably adjusting (reducing) the extrusion temperature, but the deformation resistance of the nickel-based alloy material is increased along with the reduction of the extrusion temperature, the overall dimension of the finished pipe is determined to be 30.7 percent of the thickness-diameter ratio and needs larger extrusion force, however, the extrusion force of the extrusion equipment (the extruder) has an upper limit and cannot be improved endlessly, and the extrusion rod cannot advance to extrude and cannot retreat to withdraw under the action of the deformation resistance of the material (commonly called 'stuffy car' in production practice); not only scrap blanks but also damage core rods, extrusion containers and the like, directly cause process fault shutdown, and have large shutdown loss of energy and the like; therefore, the influence of the enhancement of the deformation resistance of the material can be overcome only by optimizing the deformation temperature of the tube blank during the extrusion tube making, and the occurrence rate of 'stuffy car' faults is reduced on the basis of meeting the technical requirement of the grain size of the extrusion tube making; in addition, the extrusion temperature of the prior nickel base alloy products such as 690 pipe is controlled at 1170 +/-20 ℃, and the hot extrusion pipe after extrusion has coarse grain size and does not meet the technical requirement of being finer than 5-grade fine grain.
2) The thickness-diameter ratio is large, the diameter of the core rod working section is small, and the core rod is easy to deform and break: the core rod for extrusion is a slender concentric reducing metal cylinder with one end provided with triangular threads and the other end provided with conicity, a blind hole covering 90% of the total length of the core rod for extrusion is formed in the core part of the cylinder, and the cylinder comprises a working section, a supporting section, an installation section and the like. Wherein: the working section is a cylinder with demoulding taper, and the working section has the function of penetrating through a circular hole at the core part of the high-temperature tube blank and is used for controlling the size and the precision of an inner hole of a hot extrusion tube during extrusion tube manufacturing; the supporting section is a cylinder and has the function of ensuring that the central line of the extrusion core rod is consistent with the central line of the extrusion container; the mounting section is a cylinder with one end provided with a triangular thread and a rectangular flat body, and the mounting section has the function of connecting the core rod and the ejector rod; the function of the blind hole of the core part of the extrusion core rod is to be used for water cooling.
The finished specification of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-based alloy extruded tube for the penetration piece is phi 114 multiplied by 35mm, the thickness-diameter ratio (the ratio of the wall thickness to the outer diameter) is 35/114 to 30.7 percent, and the nickel-based alloy product of the same type has the largest thickness-diameter ratio
The thickness-diameter ratio of 34/178 is 19.1%, for example, the thickness-diameter ratio of 690 pipe is 15/95 is 14.8% or 8/76 is 10.5%, so that the thickness-diameter ratio of the penetration piece extruded pipe made of 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-based alloy is 2-3 times higher than that of the same type of nickel-based alloy pipe; the larger the thickness-diameter ratio is, the smaller the diameter of the working section of the core rod used for extruding and manufacturing the pipe is; otherwise, the smaller the thickness-diameter ratio is, the larger the diameter of the working section of the core rod used for extruding and manufacturing the pipe is; the diameter of the working section of the core rod directly determines the strength and the service life of the core rod in the extrusion pipe making process; the diameter of the working section of the extrusion core rod with the larger thickness-diameter ratio is smaller, and the extrusion core rod is easy to deform and break when a pipe is manufactured by extrusion. Since the finished specification size of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-based alloy seamless steel tube for the penetration piece is phi 114 multiplied by 35mm, the inner hole diameter of the hot extrusion tube is 114-35 multiplied by 2 which is 44mm, and the diameter of the working section of the mandrel is smaller than that of the extrusion mandrel for the nickel-based alloy product of the same type, namely: Φ D ═ (D × 1.01+0.5) -2 × s × 1.018+0.3 ═ 114 × 1.018+0.5) -2 × 35 × 1.018-0.3 ≈ 45.59 ≈ 45.6 mm.
In the model: d → extruding the outer diameter of the core rod;
d → outside diameter of the extruded product;
s → extruded product wall thickness;
1.018 → coefficient of thermal expansion of the product (conventional nickel-based alloys are an example);
0.5 → extrusion die dimensional correction factor based on the equal thickness of the lubricant;
0.3 → press core rod size correction factor based on the thickness of lubricant or the like.
In conclusion, in the production of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 Ni-Cr-Fe-based solid solution strengthened Ni-based corrosion-resistant alloy high-temperature extrusion pipe, the requirement that the grain size is smaller than 5 grades is met, and the faults of deformation, breakage, extrusion 'blank car' and the like of a core rod are reduced, but the existing high-temperature pipe-making process has certain defects and cannot meet the production of the extrusion pipe of the product of the type.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-temperature extrusion pipe-making method of a pipe fitting for a pressure container, which reasonably sets parameters such as relevant processes and the like of extrusion pipe-making according to the element components of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-chromium-iron-based solid solution strengthened nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy, optimizes and designs a calculation model of a core rod working section, and realizes the industrial production of the penetrating piece for the special-purpose pressure container on the basis of meeting the technical requirements of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy high-temperature extrusion pipe-making; the high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing method for the pipe fitting for the pressure container can reduce the faults of deformation, breakage, extrusion 'stuffy car' and the like of the core rod, the prepared pipe fitting for the pressure container meets the requirement that the grain size is finer than 5 grades, the productivity and the quality are guaranteed, and the method is safe, reliable, practical, high-efficiency, and remarkable in energy-saving, emission-reducing and consumption-reducing effects.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing method for a pipe fitting for a pressure container comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a blank, and processing according to the processing procedure of the qualified blank;
(2) heating the blank, heating the qualified blank, wherein the process comprises the following steps: cleaning and deoiling a blank, preheating the annular furnace and heating the annular furnace by using an induction furnace;
(3) extruding and pipe-making, namely extruding and pipe-making the high-temperature blank obtained by the treatment of the step (2), wherein the working procedures comprise the steps of selectively installing a mandrel ejector rod, selectively installing an extruding cylinder, selectively installing a die holder and a die sleeve of a die, setting extrusion parameters, coating a solid lubricant on the surface of the high-temperature blank and processing the high-temperature extruded pipe-making;
(4) and (4) material receiving and inspection, wherein the hot extrusion pipe obtained by the treatment in the step (3) is subjected to hot sawing, cooling and inspection to obtain a finished product of the pipe fitting for the pressure container.
Preferably, in the step (1), the processing procedure of the qualified blank includes round steel inspection, fixed-length sawing, external circle cutting, end face cutting, centering hole drilling, boring/drilling, blank inspection, surface grinding and cleaning machine feeding.
Preferably, in the step (1),
the blank inspection comprises dimension inspection and surface quality inspection; and/or
The surface grinding is carried out by fixed point grinding treatment; wherein, the ratio of the fixed point grinding depth to the fixed point grinding width is less than or equal to 1: 8.
preferably, in the step (2),
when the annular furnace is used for preheating treatment, the preheating temperature is 950-1050 ℃; and/or
And during heating treatment of the induction furnace, the heating temperature is 1050-1150 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the preheating temperature is 1000 ± 30 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the heating temperature is 1090 ± 20 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), when a mandrel ejector rod is installed in the matching manner, the diameter of the working section of the mandrel is as follows:
ΦD＝(d×1.01+0.5)－2×s×1.01－0.3；
in the formula: d is the outer diameter of the core rod in mm;
d is the outer diameter of the finished pipe fitting for the pressure container, and the unit is mm;
s is the wall thickness of the finished pipe fitting for the pressure container, and the unit mm is;
the tolerance of the diameter of the working section of the core rod is 0.05 mm.
Preferably, in the step (3), the setting of the extrusion parameters includes setting of extrusion force, setting of initial extrusion temperature, and setting of extrusion speed; the extrusion force is not less than 40MN, the initial extrusion temperature is 1090 +/-20 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 150-200 mm/s.
Preferably, in the step (3), the extrusion force is 40-48 MN.
According to the high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing method of the pipe fitting for the pressure container, parameters such as relevant processes of extrusion pipe manufacturing are reasonably set according to the element components of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-chromium-iron-based solid solution strengthened nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy, a calculation model of a mandrel working section is optimally designed, and the industrial production of the penetrating piece for the pressure container with special purposes is realized on the basis of meeting the technical requirements of the high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy;
the method also has the following beneficial effects:
1) the process parameters are reasonably designed, the process flow is continuous and compact, the processes of penetration, reaming, secondary heating and the like are reduced by adopting the process of preheating in an annular furnace → secondary heating in an electromagnetic induction furnace → high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing, and the effects of energy conservation, emission reduction and consumption reduction are remarkable on the basis of meeting the technical requirements of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-chromium-iron-based solid solution reinforced nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing;
2) the high-temperature extrusion pipe-making method of the pipe fitting for the pressure container is suitable for the production requirements of high-temperature extrusion pipe-making of long and thin special pipe fittings with high thickness-diameter ratio, high strength and large deformation resistance, the hot extrusion pipe processed by extrusion pipe-making has uniform alloy structure and high dimensional tolerance control precision;
3) the mandrel working section model is reasonable in design, the on-site mandrel breakage faults are reduced, the service life is prolonged, and the on-site tool and die handling shutdown operation time and the repeated labor intensity are reduced;
4) the temperature of the extruded pipe is set reasonably, and the temperature is adjusted in real time through extrusion force feedback, so that the performance requirement of fine grains finer than 5 grades is met;
5) the extrusion force for extruding the pipe is set reasonably, the extrusion force is matched with the deformation resistance of the pipe blank, the 'stuffy car' fault in the extrusion pipe making is reduced, the productivity and the quality are ensured, and the method is safe, reliable, practical and efficient;
6) relevant parameters are accumulated through production practice, and good conditions are created for industrial large-scale production of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-chromium-iron-based solid solution strengthened nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy seamless steel tube in the future;
7)7, breaking through the international technical barrier, and having certain reference and application values for the industrial research and development field of high-temperature extrusion pipe-making of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy seamless steel pipe in the industry;
8) the domestic industrial scale production of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-based alloy seamless steel pipe is realized, the domestic localization of key materials in the domestic energy (nuclear power) field is promoted, the market application prospect is wide, and the economic benefit is considerable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of a high-temperature extrusion pipe-making method for an alloy seamless steel pipe in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the high temperature extrusion tubing method of the tubing for pressure vessels of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a high temperature extrusion pipe making condition in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a mandrel used in high-temperature extrusion tube production in the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solutions of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for manufacturing a pipe by high-temperature extrusion of a pipe fitting for a pressure vessel according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a blank, and processing according to the processing procedure of the qualified blank;
the specific process is as follows: the nickel-base corrosion-resistant alloy is processed by numerical control processing equipment (such as a numerical control lathe and the like), and the nickel-base corrosion-resistant alloy is used for providing a 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-base corrosion-resistant alloy blank meeting the technical requirements, namely a qualified blank; the processing procedure comprises round steel inspection → sizing sawing → outer circle surface cutting processing → end surface cutting processing → centering hole drilling → hole drilling (boring) → blank inspection → surface defect coping → cleaning machine feeding;
the technical points of the processing procedure are as follows: the machined blank (pipe blank or round steel) is required to be inspected one by one, the inspection items of the blank comprise the size and the surface quality condition, if the surface of the blank has defects such as folding, cracks, black skin and the like, local defects can be eliminated through fixed-point grinding, the ratio of the fixed-point grinding depth to the grinding width is preferably less than or equal to 1:8, and the surface roughness of the grinding part is required to be consistent with the surface roughness of the blank (pipe blank or round steel) after the surface cutting machining.
(2) Heating a blank, namely heating a qualified blank, and the process comprises the following steps: cleaning and deoiling a blank, preheating in an annular furnace, and heating in an induction furnace;
the specific process is as follows: the method adopts equipment such as an annular heating furnace, an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, a cleaning machine and the like, and has the function of heating qualified blanks and providing high-temperature blanks meeting the technical requirements of the extrusion pipe-making process; the main process comprises blank cleaning and deoiling → preheating in an annular furnace → heating in an induction furnace.
The technical points of the processing procedure are as follows: controlling the charging temperature, the heating time, the heat preservation time, the control temperature of qualified blanks (tube blanks or round steel) and the like of a circular furnace and an electromagnetic induction furnace, wherein the preheating temperature of the circular furnace is controlled to be 950-1050 ℃, and preferably 1000 +/-30 ℃; the heating temperature of the electromagnetic induction furnace is controlled to be 1050-1150 ℃, preferably 1090 +/-20 ℃.
(3) Extruding and pipe-making, namely extruding and pipe-making the high-temperature blank obtained by the treatment of the step (2), wherein the working procedures comprise the steps of selectively installing a mandrel ejector rod, selectively installing an extruding cylinder, selectively installing a die holder and a die sleeve of a die, setting extrusion parameters, coating a solid lubricant on the surface of the high-temperature blank and performing high-temperature extrusion pipe-making processing;
the specific process is as follows: the working condition of high-temperature extrusion pipe making is shown in fig. 3, an extruder set is adopted in the high-temperature extrusion pipe making process, the high-temperature extrusion pipe making process is used for performing high-temperature thermal state extrusion pipe making processing on the high-temperature blank 1 (pipe blank or round steel) which is heated in the step (2) and meets the temperature requirement, the high-temperature blank 1 enters the extruder set along the K direction under the action of an extrusion rod 2, and then the high-temperature extrusion processing is performed under the actions of a core rod 3, an extrusion cylinder 4, a die 5, a die holder 6, a die sleeve 7 and the like to prepare a hot extrusion pipe 8 meeting the requirement; the main process comprises the steps of selectively installing a mandril 3, selectively installing an extrusion cylinder 4, selectively installing a die 5, a die holder 6 and a die sleeve 7, setting extrusion parameters, coating a solid lubricant on the surface of a high-temperature blank, and performing high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing;
the technical points of the processing procedure are as follows: firstly, a core rod 3 is prepared in an optional way, as shown in (a), (b) and (c) of fig. 4, the core rod 3 comprises a working section M, a supporting section N and a mounting section H, wherein a cooling water blind hole 9 is arranged in a middle through hole of the core rod 3; during the process of selecting and preparing the core rod 3, calculating according to the finished specification of the pipe fitting for the pressure container and combining with a calculation model, wherein the calculation model of the diameter of the working section M of the core rod 3 is as follows:
ΦD＝(d×1.01+0.5)－2×s×1.01－0.3；
in the formula: d is the outer diameter of the core rod in mm;
d is the outer diameter of the finished pipe fitting for the pressure container, and the unit is mm;
s is the wall thickness of the finished pipe fitting for the pressure container, and the unit mm is;
1.01 is the thermal expansion coefficient of a 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 alloy product;
0.5 is a dimension correction coefficient of the extrusion die based on the thickness of the lubricant and the like;
0.3 is based on the size correction coefficient of the extrusion core rod with the inner hole enlarged when the thick-wall pipe is cooled;
wherein the tolerance of the working section diameter of the core rod is 0.05 mm.
Secondly, extrusion parameters comprise extrusion force, extrusion initial temperature and extrusion speed, and the extrusion initial temperature and the extrusion speed are controlled mainly on the basis of the condition that the extrusion force is more than or equal to 40MN, so that the temperature rise at the moment of extrusion is reduced; the initial extrusion temperature is 1090 +/-20 ℃; the extrusion speed is 150-200 mm/s; the extrusion force is preferably 40-48 MN;
(4) and (4) material receiving and inspection, namely performing hot sawing, cooling and inspection on the hot extrusion pipe obtained by the treatment in the step (3) to obtain a finished product of the pipe fitting for the pressure container.
The specific process is as follows: the hot sawing machine, the cold bed, the water tank, the special measuring tool and the like are adopted, and the main functions of the hot extrusion pipe processed by extrusion pipe manufacturing are that hot sawing, cooling (water cooling) and inspection (unqualified product elimination) are carried out on the hot extrusion pipe; the main procedures comprise hot sawing → cooling → hot extrusion tube inspection, etc.;
the technical points of the processing procedure are as follows: after high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing, the hot extrusion pipe needs to be cooled by adopting quick water cooling (water tank immersion); the cold bed operators must check the quality of the inner and outer surfaces of each hot-extruded tube one by one and feed the surface quality condition back to the extrusion tube-making operators in time, so as to avoid the repeated occurrence of the same type of defects.
Examples
In this embodiment, a 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-chromium-iron-based solid solution strengthened nickel-base corrosion-resistant alloy seamless steel tube with a blank specification of Φ 239 × Φ 60 × 750mm and a finished hot-extruded tube specification of Φ 114 × 35mm is taken as an example, and the production process method of the high-temperature hot-state extruded tube is as follows: the method comprises four procedures of blank preparation → blank heating → extrusion tube making → material receiving inspection, etc. Relates to tube blank processing equipment (a numerical control machine tool), heating equipment (an annular heating furnace and an electromagnetic induction heating furnace), extrusion equipment (an extrusion unit) and auxiliary equipment (a hot saw, a cooling bed, a water tank, a cleaning and conveying roller way and the like) of a seamless steel tube high-temperature extrusion tube production line.
(1) The blank preparation process is carried out by numerical control processing equipment (a numerical control lathe) and has the function of providing the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy blank meeting the technical requirements; the main steps comprise: round steel inspection → sizing sawing → outer circle surface cutting processing → end surface cutting processing → centering hole drilling → hole drilling (boring) → blank inspection → surface defect coping → cleaning machine feeding and the like.
The technical key points of the process are as follows: the machined pipe blank or round steel is inspected according to the diameter of 239 mm multiplied by the diameter of 60 mm multiplied by 750mm one by one, the inspection items comprise the size and the surface quality condition, for example, the surface of the pipe blank or round steel has the defects of folding, cracking, black skin and the like, local defects can be eliminated by fixed-point grinding, the ratio of the grinding depth to the grinding width is preferably less than or equal to 1:8, and the surface roughness of the grinding part is required to be consistent with the surface roughness of the pipe blank or round steel after the surface cutting processing.
(2) The blank heating procedure is carried out by equipment such as an annular heating furnace, an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, a cleaning machine and the like, and has the function of heating qualified tube blanks or round steel and providing technical requirements meeting the process of extruding and manufacturing tubes; the method comprises the following main steps: blank cleaning and deoiling → preheating of a ring furnace → heating of an induction furnace and the like.
The technical characteristics of the process are as follows: the charging temperature, the heating time and the heat preservation time of the annular furnace and the electromagnetic induction furnace, the control temperature of qualified tube blanks or round steel and the like are controlled, wherein the preheating control temperature of the annular furnace is in a range of 950-1050 ℃, preferably 1000 +/-30 ℃, and the secondary heating control temperature of the electromagnetic induction furnace is in a range of 1050-1150 ℃, preferably 1090 +/-20 ℃.
(3) The extrusion pipe-making process is carried out by an extruder set, and the extrusion pipe-making process has the function of carrying out high-temperature hot-state extrusion pipe-making processing on the heated blank or round steel which meets the temperature requirement to prepare a hot-extruded pipe which meets the technical requirement; the related main steps comprise: selecting and installing a mandrel ejector rod → selecting and installing an extrusion container → selecting and installing a die, a die holder and a die sleeve → selecting related technical parameters → coating a solid lubricant on the surface of the high-temperature blank or round steel → processing by high-temperature extrusion pipe making and the like.
The technical key points of the process are as follows: firstly, core rod matching preparation, namely, the extrusion core rod is prepared according to a working section diameter calculation model, wherein the calculation model is phi D ═ D (D × 1.01+0.5) -2 × s × 1.01-0.3, wherein: d → extruding the outer diameter of the core rod;
d → outside diameter of the extruded product;
s → extruded product wall thickness;
1.01 → 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 alloy product;
0.5 → extrusion die dimensional correction factor based on the equal thickness of the lubricant;
0.3 → the correction coefficient of the size of the extrusion core rod based on the enlargement of the inner hole when the thick-wall pipe is cooled.
According to the specification phi 114 multiplied by 35mm of the hot extrusion pipe finished product, the parameters of the extrusion core rod working section are calculated as follows:
Φ D ═ 2 xs × 1.01-0.3 ═ 114 × 1.01+0.5) -2 × 35 × 1.01-0.3 ≈ 44.64 ≈ 44.6mm with a tolerance of 0.05 mm; therefore, the diameter of the working section of the core rod is preferably 44.6 +/-0.05 mm.
Secondly, related technical parameters of extrusion are controlled, and the extrusion initial temperature and the extrusion speed are controlled based on the condition that the extrusion force is more than or equal to 40MN, so that the instantaneous temperature rise of extrusion is reduced, namely:
and (3) extrusion temperature control: the initial temperature is controlled within 1050-1150 ℃, preferably 1090 +/-20 ℃, and the temperature is adjusted in real time through the feedback of extrusion force (based on the requirement that the extrusion force is more than or equal to 40 MN).
Controlling the extrusion speed: and (3) controlling and adjusting the extrusion speed to reduce the temperature rise at the moment of extrusion, namely the running speed of the extrusion cylinder (the running speed of a piston of a hydraulic main oil cylinder) is preferably 150-200 mm/s, and the extrusion force (the output pressure of the oil cylinder) is preferably 40-48 MN.
(4) A material receiving inspection process, which is undertaken by a hot sawing machine, a cold bed, a water tank, a special measuring tool and the like, and has the functions of carrying out hot sawing, cooling (water cooling) and inspection (removing unqualified products) on the hot extruded pipe processed by high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing; the method comprises the following main steps: hot sawing → cooling → hot extrusion tube inspection, finally the pipe fitting for pressure vessel of the embodiment is obtained.
The technical key points of the process are as follows: after high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing, the hot extrusion pipe needs to be cooled by adopting quick water cooling (water tank immersion); the cold bed operators must check the quality of the inner and outer surfaces of each hot-extruded tube one by one and feed the surface quality condition back to the extrusion tube-making operators in time, so as to avoid the repeated occurrence of the same type of defects.
In conclusion, according to the high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing method for the pipe fitting for the pressure container, parameters such as relevant processes of extrusion pipe manufacturing are reasonably set according to the element components of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-chromium-iron-based solid solution strengthened nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy, a calculation model of a mandrel working section is optimally designed, and the industrial production of the penetrating piece for the pressure container with special purposes is realized on the basis of meeting the technical requirements of the high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy; the process has reasonable parameter design and continuous and compact process flow, adopts the process of preheating by the annular furnace → secondary heating by the electromagnetic induction furnace → high-temperature extrusion pipe making, reduces the processes of penetration, reaming, secondary heating and the like, and has remarkable effects of energy conservation, emission reduction and consumption reduction on the basis of meeting the technical requirements of the high-temperature extrusion pipe making of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 Ni-Cr-Fe-based solid solution strengthened nickel-base corrosion-resistant alloy; the high-temperature extrusion pipe-making method of the pipe fitting for the pressure container is suitable for the production requirements of high-temperature extrusion pipe-making of long and thin special pipe fittings with high thickness-diameter ratio, high strength and large deformation resistance, the hot extrusion pipe processed by extrusion pipe-making has uniform alloy structure and high dimensional tolerance control precision; the mandrel working section model is reasonable in design, the on-site mandrel breakage faults are reduced, the service life is prolonged, and the on-site tool and die handling shutdown operation time and the repeated labor intensity are reduced; the temperature of the extruded pipe is set reasonably, and the temperature is adjusted in real time through extrusion force feedback, so that the performance requirement of fine grains finer than 5 grades is met; the extrusion force for extruding the pipe is set reasonably, the extrusion force is matched with the deformation resistance of the pipe blank, the 'stuffy car' fault in the extrusion pipe making is reduced, the productivity and the quality are ensured, and the method is safe, reliable, practical and efficient; relevant parameters are accumulated through production practice, and good conditions are created for industrial large-scale production of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-chromium-iron-based solid solution strengthened nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy seamless steel tube in the future; breaking through the international technical barrier, and having certain reference and application values for the industrial research and development field of high-temperature extrusion pipe making of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy seamless steel pipe in the industry; the domestic industrial scale production of the 00Cr30Ni60Fe10 nickel-based alloy seamless steel pipe is realized, the domestic localization of key materials in the domestic energy (nuclear power) field is promoted, the market application prospect is wide, and the economic benefit is considerable.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be used as a limitation of the present invention, and that changes and modifications to the above described embodiments are within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-temperature extrusion pipe manufacturing method of a pipe fitting for a pressure container is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a blank, and processing according to the processing procedure of the qualified blank;
(2) heating the blank, namely heating the qualified blank, wherein the process comprises the following steps: cleaning and deoiling a blank, preheating in an annular furnace, and heating in an induction furnace;
(3) extruding and pipe-making, namely extruding and pipe-making the high-temperature blank obtained by the treatment of the step (2), wherein the working procedures comprise the steps of selectively installing a mandrel ejector rod, selectively installing an extruding cylinder, selectively installing a die holder and a die sleeve of a die, setting extrusion parameters, coating a solid lubricant on the surface of the high-temperature blank and performing high-temperature extrusion pipe-making;
(4) and (4) material receiving and inspection, wherein the hot extrusion pipe obtained by the treatment in the step (3) is subjected to hot sawing, cooling and inspection to obtain a finished product of the pipe fitting for the pressure container.
2. The high-temperature extrusion pipe-making method for the pipe fitting for the pressure container according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the processing procedures of the qualified blank comprise round steel inspection, sizing sawing, external circle cutting, end face cutting, centering hole drilling, boring/boring, blank inspection, surface grinding and cleaning machine feeding.
3. The high-temperature extrusion tubing method of a tube for a pressure vessel as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (1),
the blank inspection comprises dimension inspection and surface quality inspection; and/or
The surface grinding is carried out by fixed point grinding treatment; wherein, the ratio of the fixed point grinding depth to the fixed point grinding width is less than or equal to 1: 8.
4. the method for manufacturing a pipe by high-temperature extrusion of a pipe for a pressure vessel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2),
when the annular furnace is used for preheating treatment, the preheating temperature is 950-1050 ℃; and/or
And during heating treatment of the induction furnace, the heating temperature is 1050-1150 ℃.
5. The method for manufacturing a pipe by high-temperature extrusion of a pipe for a pressure vessel according to claim 4, wherein the preheating temperature in the step (2) is 1000 ± 30 ℃.
6. The high-temperature extrusion tubing method for a pipe fitting for a pressure vessel as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the heating temperature is 1090 ± 20 ℃.
7. The method for manufacturing a pipe by high-temperature extrusion of a pipe fitting for a pressure vessel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), when the mandrel ejector rod is installed in the matching manner, the working section diameter Φ D of the mandrel is (D × 1.01+0.5) -2 × s × 1.01-0.3;
in the formula: d is the outer diameter of the core rod in mm;
d is the outer diameter of the finished pipe fitting for the pressure container, and the unit is mm;
s is the wall thickness of the finished pipe fitting for the pressure container, and the unit mm is;
the tolerance of the diameter of the working section of the core rod is 0.05 mm.
8. The method for manufacturing a pipe by high-temperature extrusion of a pipe fitting for a pressure vessel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the setting of the extrusion parameters comprises setting of an extrusion force, setting of an initial temperature of the extrusion, setting of an extrusion speed; the extrusion force is more than or equal to 40MN, the initial extrusion temperature is 1090 +/-20 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 150-200 mm/s.
9. The high-temperature extrusion tubing method for the pipe fitting for the pressure vessel as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the step (3), the extrusion force is 40-48 MN.
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