CN115104628A - 一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂及其制备方法,该抑芽剂按重量配比具体包括以下组份:浓度为50‑120g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液100ml、浓度为50‑160g/L的氯化镁溶液100ml、浓度为40‑120g/L的硫酸锌溶液100ml、浓度为20‑30g/L的硼酸溶液100ml、浓度为20‑50g/L的氯化锰溶液100ml、浓度为30‑100ml/L的二甲戊灵乳油溶液100ml、浓度为0.1‑0.5g/L的油菜素内酯溶液100ml、浓度0.1‑0.3g/L的细胞分裂素溶液100ml、浓度为2‑5g/L的木质素磺酸钠溶液100ml;本发明采用上述技术方案,能够有效的抑制甜瓜侧芽生长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂及其制备方法,属于农业技术领域。
背景技术
甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)又名香瓜,为葫芦科甜瓜属一年生蔓性草本植物。甜瓜因具有芳香、口感甜甘脆、含有较高的维生素和矿物质而备受消费者青睐。甜瓜已成为我国主要的经济作物。甜瓜栽培以设施栽培为主,受设施条件和土地环境影响,甜瓜栽培重茬严重,枯萎病发病率高达90%,减产严重甚至绝产。嫁接是缓解甜瓜连作障碍的有效途径之一。
市场上的甜瓜秧苗大多数为嫁接苗,且以南瓜作为砧木进行嫁接,但南瓜砧木存在嫁接后萌发侧芽的现象,导致甜瓜嫁接幼苗养分被重新分配,生长受到抑制,并降低嫁接成活率。工厂化育苗一般采用人工去除萌芽的方式来解决这一现象,费时费工。目前关于抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂尚未见报道。基于此,研究一种对甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长有抑制作用的抑芽剂,有效抑制侧芽的生长,对提高甜瓜嫁接苗壮苗率和降低生产成本具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的主要技术问题是提供一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂,以解决上述背景技术中提到的甜瓜嫁接后萌生侧芽,影响嫁接苗生长、需人工除萌的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂,按重量配比具体包括以下组份:浓度为50-120g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、浓度为50-160g/L的氯化镁溶液100mL、浓度为40-120g/L的硫酸锌溶液100mL、浓度为20-30g/L的硼酸溶液100mL、浓度为20-50g/L的氯化锰溶液100mL、浓度为30-100mL/L的二甲戊灵乳油溶液100mL、浓度为0.1-0.5g/L的油菜素内酯溶液100mL、浓度0.1-0.3g/L的细胞分裂素溶液100mL、浓度为2-5g/L的木质素磺酸钠溶液100mL。
以下是本发明对上述技术方案的进一步优化:
二甲戊灵乳油的浓度为33%。
进一步优化:该抑芽剂按重量配比包括以下组份:浓度为50g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、浓度为50g/L的氯化镁溶液100mL、浓度为40g/L的硫酸锌溶液100mL、浓度为20g/L的硼酸溶液100mL、浓度为20g/L的氯化锰溶液100mL、浓度为30mL/L的二甲戊灵乳油溶液100mL、浓度为0.1g/L的油菜素内酯溶液100mL、浓度0.1g/L的细胞分裂素溶液100mL、浓度为2g/L的木质素磺酸钠溶液100mL。
进一步优化:该抑芽剂按重量配比包括以下组份:浓度为85g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、浓度为105g/L的氯化镁溶液100mL、浓度为80g/L的硫酸锌溶液100mL、浓度为25g/L的硼酸溶液100mL、浓度为35g/L的氯化锰溶液100mL、浓度为65mL/L的二甲戊灵乳油溶液100mL、浓度为0.3g/L的油菜素内酯溶液100mL、浓度0.2g/L的细胞分裂素溶液100mL、浓度为3.5g/L的木质素磺酸钠溶液100mL。
进一步优化:该抑芽剂按重量配比包括以下组份:浓度为120g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、浓度为160g/L的氯化镁溶液100mL、浓度为120g/L的硫酸锌溶液100mL、浓度为30g/L的硼酸溶液100mL、浓度为50g/L的氯化锰溶液100mL、浓度为100mL/L的二甲戊灵乳油溶液100mL、浓度为0.5g/L的油菜素内酯溶液100mL、浓度0.3g/L的细胞分裂素溶液100mL、浓度为5g/L的木质素磺酸钠溶液100mL。
本发明还提供一种上述抑芽剂的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
将5-12g的固体硫酸亚铁置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到硫酸亚铁溶液;
将5-16g的固体氯化镁置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容到100mL,得到氯化镁溶液;
将4-12g的固体硫酸锌置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到硫酸锌溶液;
将2-3g的固体硼酸置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到硼酸溶液;
将2-5g的固体氯化锰置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到氯化锰溶液;
以下是本发明对上述技术方案的进一步优化:
量取硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、氯化镁溶液100mL、硫酸锌溶液100mL、硼酸溶液100mL、氯化锰溶液100mL,充分混合均匀后得到A液。
进一步优化:量取3-10mL二甲戊灵乳油置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到二甲戊灵溶液,得到B液备用。
称取10-50mg固体油菜素内脂置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到油菜素内脂溶液,得到C液备用。
进一步优化:称取10-30mg固体细胞分裂素置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到细胞分裂素溶液,得到D液备用。
称取0.2-0.5g固体木质素磺酸钠置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到木质素磺酸钠溶液,得到E液备用。
进一步优化:分别量取A液500mL、B液100mL、C液100mL、D液100mL、E液100mL,充分混合均匀后用水定容至1L,得到抑芽剂浓缩液。
本发明采用上述技术方案,具有以下有益效果:
A液中的硫酸亚铁溶液、氯化镁溶液、硫酸锌溶液、硼酸溶液、氯化锰溶液:能够为植株的生长提供所需要的微量元素,促进了植株的生长。
二甲戊灵:作为一种内吸性药剂,幼芽吸收后,能够有效的抑制细胞的有丝分裂,抑制植株的生长。
油菜素内脂:作为一种新型植物内源激素,能够促进作物的生长和增加作物产量,提高作物耐逆性。
细胞分裂素:作为一种信号转导的激素,能够在植物抗逆信号途径中起到转导作用。
木质素磺酸钠:作为一种表面活性剂,能够降低抑芽剂溶液的表面张力和界面张力,增加物质在水中的溶解度,增强喷施效果。
本发明采用上述技术方案,将得到的抑芽剂浓缩液与清水稀释100倍,得到抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂混合喷洒液。
该抑芽剂混合喷洒液具有以下优点:
1.操作简单:配制和使用较为简单,省时省力。
2.效果显著:对甜瓜侧芽生长抑制效果显著。
3.药效专一:使用效果针对甜瓜嫁接萌发的侧芽,不影响嫁接甜瓜苗的生长。
4.抗性提高:在抑制侧芽生长的同时,还能提高嫁接苗的综合抗病能力。
具体实施方式
以下具体的实施例是用来说明本发明所述的抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂及其施用方法,所用的各成分具体的量是为了更好的说明本发明的技术方案,不应理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1:以制备1L抑芽剂为例。
一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂,按重量配比具体包括以下组份:浓度为50g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、浓度为50g/L的氯化镁溶液100mL、浓度为40g/L的硫酸锌溶液100mL、浓度为20g/L的硼酸溶液100mL、浓度为20g/L的氯化锰溶液100mL、浓度为30mL/L的二甲戊灵乳油溶液100mL、浓度为0.1g/L的油菜素内酯溶液100mL、浓度0.1g/L的细胞分裂素溶液100mL、浓度为2g/L的木质素磺酸钠溶液100mL。
上述抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)称取5g固体硫酸亚铁置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为50g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液。
称取5g固体氯化镁置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为50g/L的氯化镁溶液。
称取4g固体硫酸锌置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为40g/L的硫酸锌溶液。
称取2g固体硼酸置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为20g/L的硼酸溶液。
称取2g固体氯化锰置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为20g/L的氯化锰溶液。
2)量取硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、氯化镁溶液100mL、硫酸锌溶液100mL、硼酸溶液100mL、氯化锰溶液100mL,均匀混合后得到A液,得到A液备用。
3)量取3mL浓度为33%的二甲戊灵乳油置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为30mL/L的二甲戊灵溶液,得到B液备用。
称取10mg固体油菜素内脂置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为0.1g/L的油菜素内脂溶液,得到C液备用。
称取10mg固体细胞分裂素置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为0.1g/L的细胞分裂素溶液,得到D液备用。
称取0.2g固体木质素磺酸钠置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为2g/L的木质素磺酸钠溶液,得到E液备用。
4)分别量取A液500mL、B液100mL、C液100mL、D液100mL、E液100mL,充分混合均匀后用水定容至1L,得到抑芽剂浓缩液。
实施例2:以制备1L抑芽剂为例。
一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂,按重量配比具体包括以下组份:浓度为85g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、浓度为105g/L的氯化镁溶液100mL、浓度为80g/L的硫酸锌溶液100mL、浓度为25g/L的硼酸溶液100mL、浓度为35g/L的氯化锰溶液100mL、浓度为65mL/L的二甲戊灵乳油溶液100mL、浓度为0.3g/L的油菜素内酯溶液100mL、浓度0.2g/L的细胞分裂素溶液100mL、浓度为3.5g/L的木质素磺酸钠溶液100mL。
上述抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)称取8.5g固体硫酸亚铁置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为85g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液。
称取10.5g固体氯化镁置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为105g/L到氯化镁溶液。
称取8g固体硫酸锌置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为80g/L的硫酸锌溶液。
称取2.5g固体硼酸置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为25g/L的硼酸溶液。
称取3.5g固体氯化锰置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为35g/L的氯化锰溶液。
2)量取硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、氯化镁溶液100mL、硫酸锌溶液100mL、硼酸溶液100mL、氯化锰溶液100mL,均匀混合后得到A液,得到A液备用。
3)称取6.5mL浓度为33%的二甲戊灵乳油置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为65mL/L的二甲戊灵溶液,得到B液备用。
称取30mg固体油菜素内脂置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为0.3g/L的油菜素内脂溶液,得到C液备用。
称取20mg固体细胞分裂素置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为0.2g/L的细胞分裂素溶液,得到D液备用。
称取0.35g固体木质素磺酸钠置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为3.5g/L的木质素磺酸钠溶液,得到E液备用。
4)分别量取A液500mL、B液100mL、C液100mL、D液100mL、E液100mL,充分混合均匀后用水定容至1L,得到抑芽剂浓缩液。
实施例3:以制备1L抑芽剂为例。
一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂,按重量配比具体包括以下组份:浓度为120g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、浓度为160g/L的氯化镁溶液100mL、浓度为120g/L的硫酸锌溶液100mL、浓度为30g/L的硼酸溶液100mL、浓度为50g/L的氯化锰溶液100mL、浓度为100mL/L的二甲戊灵乳油溶液100mL、浓度为0.5g/L的油菜素内酯溶液100mL、浓度0.3g/L的细胞分裂素溶液100mL、浓度为5g/L的木质素磺酸钠溶液100mL。
上述抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)称取12g固体硫酸亚铁置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为120g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液。
称取16g固体氯化镁置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为160g/L氯化镁溶液。
称取12g固体硫酸锌置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为120g/L硫酸锌溶液。
称取3g固体硼酸置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为30g/L硼酸溶液。
称取5g固体氯化锰置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为50g/L氯化锰溶液。
2)量取硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、氯化镁溶液100mL、硫酸锌溶液100mL、硼酸溶液100mL、氯化锰溶液100mL,均匀混合后得到A液,得到A液备用。
3)称取10mL浓度为33%的二甲戊灵乳油置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为100mL/L的二甲戊灵溶液,得到B液备用。
称取50mg固体油菜素内脂置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为0.5g/L的油菜素内脂溶液,得到C液备用。
称取30mg固体细胞分裂素置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为0.3g/L细胞分裂素溶液,得到D液备用。
称取0.5g固体木质素磺酸钠置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到浓度为5g/L木质素磺酸钠溶液,得到E液备用。
4)分别量取A液500mL、B液100mL、C液100mL、D液100mL、E液100mL,充分混合均匀后用水定容至1L,得到抑芽剂浓缩液。
抑芽剂对青州银瓜嫁接苗的应用效果试验:
青州银瓜又名弥河银瓜,属甜瓜类型,因皮色银白、瓜肉白嫩、甜脆爽口而得名。青州银瓜现已成为全国名优水果,也是青州当地农民的主要经济作物。
试验处理分为对照组(CK)和处理组,对照为清水+2-5mg/L的木质素磺酸钠喷施,处理组为实施例1-3中制备的抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂浓缩液与水稀释25倍喷施。
试验于嫁接前对砧木生长点进行喷施,喷施3-5次。正常嫁接后用薄膜覆盖,保温保湿,7天后揭开膜缓苗,揭膜后第2天测定嫁接青州银瓜侧芽长度,并人工去除侧芽。揭膜后第14天统计嫁接苗成活率,并测定嫁接苗真叶长、宽。
试验结果如下:
表1 抑芽剂对嫁接青州银瓜成活率及生长的影响
试验结果表明:处理组青州银瓜嫁接成活率与对照之间无显著差异,说明抑芽剂对嫁接成活率无影响;喷施抑芽剂后嫁接青州银瓜侧芽生长受到显著抑制,但嫁接青州银瓜接穗生长几乎不受抑芽剂的影响,说明抑芽剂在影响青州银瓜嫁接侧芽生长的同时,并不影响接穗生长,表明该抑芽剂作用显著,且无副作用。
Claims (10)
1.一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂,其特征在于:该抑芽剂按重量配比具体包括以下组份:浓度为50-120g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、浓度为50-160g/L的氯化镁溶液100mL、浓度为40-120g/L的硫酸锌溶液100mL、浓度为20-30g/L的硼酸溶液100mL、浓度为20-50g/L的氯化锰溶液100mL、浓度为30-100mL/L的二甲戊灵乳油溶液100mL、浓度为0.1-0.5g/L的油菜素内酯溶液100mL、浓度0.1-0.3g/L的细胞分裂素溶液100mL、浓度为2-5g/L的木质素磺酸钠溶液100mL。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂,其特征在于:所述二甲戊灵乳油的浓度为33%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂,其特征在于:该抑芽剂按重量配比包括以下组份:浓度为50g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、浓度为50g/L的氯化镁溶液100mL、浓度为40g/L的硫酸锌溶液100mL、浓度为20g/L的硼酸溶液100mL、浓度为20g/L的氯化锰溶液100mL、浓度为30mL/L的二甲戊灵乳油溶液100mL、浓度为0.1g/L的油菜素内酯溶液100mL、浓度0.1g/L的细胞分裂素溶液100mL、浓度为2g/L的木质素磺酸钠溶液100mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂,其特征在于:该抑芽剂按重量配比包括以下组份:浓度为85g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、浓度为105g/L的氯化镁溶液100mL、浓度为80g/L的硫酸锌溶液100mL、浓度为25g/L的硼酸溶液100mL、浓度为35g/L的氯化锰溶液100mL、浓度为65mL/L的二甲戊灵乳油溶液100mL、浓度为0.3g/L的油菜素内酯溶液100mL、浓度0.2g/L的细胞分裂素溶液100mL、浓度为3.5g/L的木质素磺酸钠溶液100mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂,其特征在于:该抑芽剂按重量配比包括以下组份:浓度为120g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、浓度为160g/L的氯化镁溶液100mL、浓度为120g/L的硫酸锌溶液100mL、浓度为30g/L的硼酸溶液100mL、浓度为50g/L的氯化锰溶液100mL、浓度为100mL/L的二甲戊灵乳油溶液100mL、浓度为0.5g/L的油菜素内酯溶液100mL、浓度0.3g/L的细胞分裂素溶液100mL、浓度为5g/L的木质素磺酸钠溶液100mL。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂的制备方法,其特征在于:该方法包括以下步骤:
将5-12g的固体硫酸亚铁置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到硫酸亚铁溶液;
将5-16g的固体氯化镁置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到氯化镁溶液;
将4-12g的固体硫酸锌置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到硫酸锌溶液;
将2-3g的固体硼酸置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到硼酸溶液;
将2-5g的固体氯化锰置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到氯化锰溶液。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂的制备方法,其特征在于:该方法还包括以下步骤:
量取硫酸亚铁溶液100mL、氯化镁溶液100mL、硫酸锌溶液100mL、硼酸溶液100mL、氯化锰溶液100mL,充分混合均匀后得到A液。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂的制备方法,其特征在于:该方法还包括以下步骤:
量取3-10mL二甲戊灵乳油置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到二甲戊灵溶液,得到B液备用;
称取10-50mg固体油菜素内脂置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到油菜素内脂溶液,得到C液备用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂的制备方法,其特征在于:该方法还包括以下步骤:
称取10-30mg固体细胞分裂素置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到细胞分裂素溶液,得到D液备用;
称取0.2-0.5g固体木质素磺酸钠置入50mL水中充分溶解后用水定容至100mL,得到木质素磺酸钠溶液,得到E液备用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种抑制甜瓜嫁接侧芽生长的抑芽剂的制备方法,其特征在于:该方法还包括以下步骤:
分别量取A液500mL、B液100mL、C液100mL、D液100mL、E液100mL,充分混合均匀后用水定容至1L,得到抑芽剂浓缩液。
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