CN115102304A - Bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless power transmission system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless power transmission system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless electric energy transmission system and a control method thereof, and the system comprises a primary circuit and a secondary circuit, wherein the primary circuit and the secondary circuit respectively comprise a power interface, a converter, a resonant network and a pair of metal polar plates, a primary controller is connected on the primary converter, a secondary controller is connected on the secondary converter, bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless electric energy transmission is realized between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit through the primary metal polar plates and the secondary metal polar plates, the primary controller controls phase shift variables of the primary converter, the secondary controller controls phase shift variables of the secondary converter, the relative phase angle of primary and secondary output voltages is theta, when theta is more than 0 degree and less than 180 degrees, forward power transmission of the system is realized, and when theta is more than-180 degrees and less than 0 degrees, reverse power transmission of the system is realized. The invention can adjust and control the magnitude and direction of the power flow through the phase or amplitude of the voltage generated by the primary and secondary side converters, and is effectively suitable for the power flow adjustment of the bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless electric energy transmission system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless power transmission, in particular to a bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless power transmission system and a control method thereof.
Background
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a novel technology that uses Power electronics technology to realize Power transmission through magnetic, electric, microwave or laser media, and solves the problems of unsafe and inflexible electric contacts. Over the past few years, Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) has received a great deal of attention, and its theory and technology have been extensively studied and applied. However, IPT systems cannot transfer power through metal obstacles due to electromagnetic shielding, and power loss is severe when metal objects are close to a magnetic field. The electric field coupling type wireless Power Transfer (CPT) technology uses an electric field as an energy transmission medium, does not consider metal interference, and attracts wide attention of experts and scholars. The electric field of the CPT system is mainly concentrated between the coupling polar plates, and the surrounding electromagnetic interference is greatly reduced.
Since the coupling capacitance of CPT systems is usually small and needs to operate at high frequencies, their performance is closely related to the circuit topology using capacitive couplers. The resonant topologies commonly used at present include double-sided LC, double-sided LCL, double-sided LCLC and double-sided CLCL, etc., so as to satisfy the large-power remote demand and the wide application from low-power electronic equipment to high-power electric vehicles. The double-side LCL resonant topology has some problems, such as the larger inductance in series connection, the larger equivalent series resistance of the inductance and the excessive heat loss, which result in the increased system volume; the number of components of the bilateral LCLC or CLCL resonant topology is too many, the influence of high-order system parameters is obvious, and the robustness is poor; and the double-side LC resonant network has simple structure, and only needs two external passive elements on the secondary side, which is beneficial to saving space. Secondly, it can be applied to short-distance and long-distance applications, and the transmission efficiency can be optimized to a relatively high level. However, the CPT systems proposed so far are dedicated to unidirectional power flow transmission, and are not suitable for bidirectional power flow transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless power transmission system and a control method thereof, which can adjust and control the magnitude and direction of power flow between an electric automobile or electric equipment through the phase or amplitude of voltage generated by an original side converter and a secondary side converter, and can be effectively suitable for power flow adjustment of the bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless power transmission system.
The invention provides a bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless electric energy transmission system which comprises a primary circuit and a secondary circuit, wherein the primary circuit comprises a primary power interface, a primary converter, a primary resonant network and a pair of primary metal plates, the secondary circuit comprises a secondary power interface, a secondary converter, a secondary resonant network and a pair of secondary metal plates, the primary converter is connected with a primary controller, the secondary converter is connected with a secondary controller, and bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless electric energy transmission is realized between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit through the pair of primary metal plates and the pair of secondary metal plates, wherein: the primary side controller controls the primary side converter to generate inter-bridge phase shift
The secondary side controller controls the secondary side converter to generate a delay phase delta and an inter-bridge phase shift
The relative phase angle of the primary and secondary output voltages is theta, when 0 DEG<θ<When the angle is 180 degrees, the forward power transmission of the system is realized, and when the angle is-180 degrees<θ<And when the angle is 0 DEG, the reverse power transmission of the system is realized.
Further, a primary side filter capacitor C is arranged between the primary side power interface and the primary side converter d A secondary filter capacitor C is arranged between the secondary power interface and the secondary converter o 。
Further, the primary side resonance network and the secondary side resonance network both adopt LC resonance networks, wherein: the primary side resonance network comprises a primary side resonance inductor L 1 And primary side compensation capacitor C f1 The secondary resonant network comprises a secondary resonant inductor L 2 And secondary side compensation capacitor C f2 。
Further, parameters of each electrical component in the primary side resonant network and the secondary side resonant network satisfy:
where ω is the angular frequency of system operation, L 1 Is a primary side resonance inductor L 1 Self-inductance of (L) 2 Is a secondary side resonance inductor L 2 Self-induction of (C) 1 Is the equivalent self-capacitance, C, of the primary side resonant circuit in the equivalent current source model of the system 2 Is the equivalent self-capacitance, C, of the secondary side resonant circuit in the equivalent current source model of the system M And the equivalent mutual capacitance of the electric field coupling mechanism formed by the pair of primary side metal polar plates and the pair of secondary side metal polar plates.
Further, the primary side resonant circuit equivalent self-capacitance C 1 ＝C in1 +C f1 The secondary side resonant circuit is equivalent to a self-capacitance C 2 ＝C in2 +C f2 The equivalent mutual capacitance of the electric field coupling mechanism
Wherein:
C f1 compensating the capacitance C for the primary side f1 Capacitance value of C f2 Compensating the capacitance C for the secondary side f2 The capacitance value of (a);
intermediate variables
Intermediate variables
The pair of primary metal polar plates comprises a polar plate P 1 And a polar plate P 2 The pair of secondary metal polar plates comprises a polar plate P 3 And a polar plate P 4 Then:
C 12 indicating polar plate P 1 And a polar plate P 2 Equivalent capacitance therebetween, C 13 Indicating polar plate P 1 And a polar plate P 3 Equivalent capacitance between, C 14 Indicating polar plate P 1 And a polar plate P 4 Equivalent capacitance therebetween, C 23 Indicating polar plate P 2 And a polar plate P 3 Equivalent capacitance between, C 24 Indicating polar plate P 2 And a polar plate P 4 Equivalent capacitance therebetween, C 34 Indicating polar plate P 3 And a polar plate P 4 The equivalent capacitance therebetween.
Further, the primary side converter and the secondary side converter both adopt a full-bridge reversible rectifier, wherein the primary side converter comprises a switching tube S1, a switching tube S2, a switching tube S3 and a switching tube S4, and the secondary side converter comprises a switching tube S5, a switching tube S6, a switching tube S7 and a switching tube S8.
Further, the primary side controller and the secondary side controller are used for receiving active power P according to the secondary side converter r And reactive power Q r According to the requirements of:
controlling said primary converter and said secondary converter in a constrained relationship of, wherein V d Representing the DC voltage, V, of the primary power supply interface o And indicating the direct-current voltage of the secondary power interface.
Further, the primary side controller and the secondary side controller control the primary side converter and the secondary side converter to realize maximum forward power transmission or reverse power transmission in a manner of changing theta to +/-90 degrees.
Further, the outputs of the primary and secondary circuits are connected to the electronic device and absorb or transfer power, with the two-terminal output interface being represented by a dc power supply. When the system transmits forward power, the primary power supply outputs energy, the secondary power supply receives energy, and when the system transmits reverse power, the secondary power supply outputs energy, and the primary power supply receives energy. The invention also provides a control method for the bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless power transmission system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the primary side converter and the secondary side converter are in wireless communication connection, and meanwhile, the switching frequency, the output voltage of the primary side converter and the expected power are initialized;
s2, adjusting the primary side converter to generate the phase shift between the bridges
Obtaining a desired output voltage V of the primary converter p ；
S3, obtaining the actual output power P of the system, and judging whether the actual output power P of the system is larger than the set power;
s4, if the actual output power P of the system is not equal to the set power, adjusting the secondary side converter to generate the delay phase delta and the phase shift between bridges
To meet the actual power requirements of the system;
and S5, if the actual output power P of the system is equal to the set power, waiting for the power to reach a steady state, and finally, enabling the expected power to be equal to the actual output power.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless electric energy transmission system suitable for simultaneous wireless charging and discharging of electric equipment, power can flow bidirectionally and is suitable for various equipment needing charging, when a power grid cannot supply power to the equipment in time, the power grid can supply power to the required equipment through other equipment, on one hand, the required equipment can be effectively supplied with power in time, on the other hand, electricity and waste are saved, the bidirectional electric energy transmission system is suitable for bidirectional electric energy transmission among the power grid, an electric automobile and a plurality of electronic equipment, the magnitude and the direction of power flow between the electric automobile or the electric equipment can be adjusted and controlled through the phase or the amplitude of voltage generated by an original side converter and a secondary side converter, and the bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless electric energy transmission system can be effectively suitable for power flow adjustment of the bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless electric energy transmission system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit topology diagram of a bidirectional electric field coupled wireless power transmission system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a simplified circuit diagram of an equivalent current source model of the bidirectional electric field coupling wireless power transmission system according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a timing diagram of switching of the primary-side converter and the secondary-side converter of the bidirectional electric field coupling wireless power transmission system according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a bidirectional electric field coupled wireless power transmission system of an LC resonant network according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a phase relationship diagram of the relative phase angle θ of the power flow and the converter output voltage in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the phase shift control scheme of the primary-secondary converter according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating a power flow control method according to the present invention.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to conveniently realize energy supply and demand among devices, a circuit topology of a typical BCPT (Bidirectional Capacitive Power Transfer) system based on a bilateral LC resonant network is shown in fig. 1. Under the action of an interactive electric field, wireless electric energy transmission of energy between polar plates is realized, the outputs of the primary side circuit and the secondary side circuit are connected to the electronic equipment and absorb or transmit power, and output interfaces at two ends are represented by a direct-current power supply. The primary circuit and the receiving circuit employ nearly identical electrical devices to facilitate bidirectional power flow between the devices, including a full-bridge converter (reversible rectifier) and a double-sided LC resonant network. Each converter operates in an inverter or rectifier mode, depending on the direction of power flow. The magnitude and relative phase angle of the full bridge inverter output voltage will determine the magnitude and direction of power among the powered devices.
The bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless power transmission system comprises a primary circuit and a secondary circuit, wherein the primary circuit comprises a primary power interface, a primary converter, a primary resonant network and a pair of primary metal plates, the secondary circuit comprises a secondary power interface, a secondary converter, a secondary resonant network and a pair of secondary metal plates, the primary converter is connected with a primary controller, the secondary converter is connected with a secondary controller, and bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless power transmission is realized between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit through the pair of primary metal plates and the pair of secondary metal plates, wherein: the primary side controller controls the primary side converter to generate inter-bridge phase shift
The secondary side controller controls the secondary side converter to generate a delay phase delta and an inter-bridge phase shift
The relative phase angle of the primary and secondary output voltages is theta, when 0 DEG<θ<When the angle is 180 degrees, the forward power transmission of the system is realized, and when the angle is-180 degrees<θ<And when the angle is 0 DEG, the reverse power transmission of the system is realized.
A primary side filter capacitor C is arranged between the primary side power interface and the primary side converter d A secondary filter capacitor C is arranged between the secondary power interface and the secondary converter o . The primary side resonance network and the secondary side resonance network both adopt LC resonance networks, wherein: the primary side resonant networkComprising a primary resonant inductor L 1 And primary side compensation capacitor C f1 The secondary resonant network comprises a secondary resonant inductor L 2 And secondary side compensation capacitor C f2 。
The parameters of each electric appliance element in the primary side resonance network and the secondary side resonance network meet (namely the frequency formula of the LC resonance circuit is as follows):
where ω is the angular frequency of system operation, L 1 Is a primary side resonance inductor L 1 Self-inductance of (L) 2 Is a secondary side resonance inductor L 2 Self-induction of (C) 1 Is the equivalent self-capacitance, C, of the primary side resonant circuit in the equivalent current source model of the system 2 Is the equivalent self-capacitance, C, of the secondary side resonant circuit in the equivalent current source model of the system M And the equivalent mutual capacitance of the electric field coupling mechanism formed by the pair of primary side metal polar plates and the pair of secondary side metal polar plates.
In FIG. 1, L 1 And L 2 For self-inductance of the coil, C f1 And C f2 The capacitance is compensated for resonance. The primary side converter and the secondary side converter both adopt full-bridge reversible rectifiers, wherein the primary side converter comprises a switching tube S1, a switching tube S2, a switching tube S3 and a switching tube S4, and the secondary side converter comprises a switching tube S5, a switching tube S6, a switching tube S7 and a switching tube S8. Resonant circuit using a double-sided LC structure, v p And v r Is the output voltage of the primary and secondary converters, i 1 And i 2 Is the current of the resonant tank. V d And V o Respectively, a two-sided dc voltage.
A simplified circuit diagram of an equivalent current source model of a BCPT system is shown in fig. 2, where the current sources associated with the two capacitor voltages represent the capacitive coupling between the primary and secondary sides. The equivalent self-capacitance of the primary side and the secondary side is expressed as: the above mentioned sourceEquivalent self-capacitance C of side resonant circuit 1 ＝C in1 +C f1 The secondary side resonant circuit is equivalent to a self-capacitance C 2 ＝C in2 +C f2 ，
The capacitive coupling coefficient is:
the equivalent mutual capacitance of the electric field coupling mechanism
Wherein: c f1 Compensating capacitor C for primary side f1 Capacitance value of C f2 Compensating the capacitance C for the secondary side f2 The capacitance value of (1), the intermediate variable
Intermediate variables
Wherein the pair of primary metal plates comprises a plate P 1 And a polar plate P 2 The pair of secondary metal polar plates comprises a polar plate P 3 And a polar plate P 4 Then: c 12 Indicating polar plate P 1 And a polar plate P 2 Equivalent capacitance therebetween, C 13 Indicating polar plate P 1 And a polar plate P 3 Equivalent capacitance between, C 14 Representing a polar plate P 1 And a polar plate P 4 Equivalent capacitance between, C 23 Indicating polar plate P 2 And a polar plate P 3 Equivalent capacitance between, C 24 Indicating polar plate P 2 And a polar plate P 4 Equivalent capacitance between, C 34 Representing a polar plate P 3 And a polar plate P 4 The equivalent capacitance therebetween.
The primary side controller and the secondary side controller both adopt a phase shifting technology, and the power flow of the system is realized by adjusting a phase shifting angle between the voltages of the converters and the output voltages of the two converters. The primary side controller generates an inter-bridge phase shift to the primary side converter
The secondary controller generates an inter-bridge phase shift for the secondary converter
So as to adjust the output voltage of the primary and secondary side converters. In addition, a delay phase δ may be provided between the drive signals of the primary and secondary converters. In general, the delay phase δ and the inter-bridge phase shift of the secondary side can be adjusted
To obtain the magnitude and direction of power flow required by the system. The switching timing diagram of the primary and secondary side converters of the system is shown in fig. 3.
As shown in FIG. 3, the primary and secondary side converter switching tubes (S1-S4, S5-S8) are operated at a 50% duty cycle and switching frequency f to generate a voltage v p And v r The phase difference between two bridge arms of the primary converter and the secondary converter is respectively
And
the relative phase difference of the output voltages of the primary converter and the secondary converter can be represented as theta, and the output voltage of the converter can be obtained through Fourier series expansion:
wherein, ω is s ＝2πf s ；
The fundamental approximation is used to analyze the circuit operating principle, as shown in fig. 4. The two converters are represented in an equivalent circuit by two controlled ac voltage sources. When the system converter switches the angular frequency omega s Equal to the resonant frequency of the systemBased on kirchhoff's voltage law, the current and voltage relationships for the BCPT system components shown in fig. 4 can be established as:
output current I of system secondary side converter 2 Can be expressed as:
by the resonance relationship in the LC resonance circuit frequency formula, I 2 After simplification, the following can be obtained:
neglecting the influence of higher harmonic of the output voltage of the converter in the formula of the output voltage of the primary and secondary converters in the formula of the output voltage of the converter expanded by Fourier series on the transmission power, and obtaining the active power P received by the secondary converter r And reactive power Q r The formula of (1) is:
thus, the primary controller and the secondary controller are based on the active power P received by the secondary converter r And reactive power Q r According to the requirements of:
controlling said primary converter and said secondary converter in a constrained relationship of where V d Represents the dc voltage of the primary power interface,V o representing the dc voltage of the secondary power interface.
According to the above formula, for the given circuit parameters and DC voltage of the system, the power of the secondary side of the system depends on the relative phase angle of the output voltage of the primary side and the secondary side. Therefore, the power magnitude and direction of the system can be controlled by the phase difference between the two bridge arms of the primary and secondary side converters
And
and the output voltage of the primary converter and the secondary converter is adjusted relative to the phase angle theta. When 0 is present<θ<At 180 deg. P r <0, the relative phase angle of the lag enables power to be transmitted from the primary side to the secondary side, and the system transmits power in the forward direction; when the temperature is-180 °<θ<At 0, P r >0, leading relative phase angles enable power to be transmitted from a secondary side to a primary side, and a system transmits power in a reverse direction; for any given voltage, the primary side controller and the secondary side controller control the primary side converter and the secondary side converter to achieve maximum forward power transmission or reverse power transmission in a manner that theta is +/-90 degrees. Fig. 5 shows a phase diagram of the power flow versus the relative phase angle theta of the converter output voltage. Thus, an effective way to control power flow is to have the system flow power in both directions by adjusting the relative phase angle θ of the converter output voltage. The phase may be modulated for any desired power flow transmission
In order to control the relative phase angle theta of the converter output voltage.
The invention also provides a power flow control method based on the bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless power transmission system.
The full-bridge converter on the primary side is driven by the primary side controller in fig. 6. Which has a triangular wave generator for generating a phase-modulated square-wave voltage v p . The secondary side controller controls the secondary side power by converting the reference power P e Heshi (Chinese character of' HeshiPower P of the boundary r Is provided to the PI controller to generate the inter-bridge phase shift
Therefore, the relative phase angle theta between the voltage of the secondary side converter and the voltage of the original secondary side converter is changed, so that the error between the powers is reduced when the secondary side converter works at the voltage generated by the relative phase angle. Converter voltage v r Leading or lagging voltage v p Phase angle θ of which 0<θ<The phase angle between pi causes the secondary converter to operate as a rectifier, supplying power to the secondary battery device or electric vehicle. When the secondary converter operates in the inverter mode, the phase angle is-pi<θ<And 0, supplying power to the primary power supply by the secondary battery equipment or the electric automobile.
Based on the control strategy shown in fig. 6, the output power of the system is adjusted by adjusting the phase shift between the bridge arms of the converter and the voltages of the primary converter and the secondary converter. The primary side controller generates a phase shift angle between two bridge arms of the primary side converter
Is used for adjusting the amplitude of the output voltage of the primary side converter, and further can adjust the output rated current i of the system 2 . The secondary controller generates a phase shift angle between two bridge arms of the secondary converter
And a delay phase delta between the branches of the secondary converter with respect to the primary converter is generated. In general, the secondary-side delay phase δ and the inter-bridge phase shift are adjusted
The magnitude and direction of the power flow required by the system can be achieved. Therefore, based on the phase shift control, the phase shift variables from the primary and secondary side controllers are changed (
And delta) into the switching signals of the converter switching tubes S1-S8, effectively adjusting the amplitude and phase of the primary and secondary converter voltages to achieve the power flow required by the BCPT system.
Fig. 7 shows a flow chart of a BCPT system power flow control method according to the present invention. When the system starts, the primary and secondary side devices are connected in wireless communication, and the switching frequency, the output voltage of the primary side converter and the expected power flow setting are initialized. First of all according to the desired output voltage V of the primary converter p Adjusting phase shift between primary bridges
Then, the actual output power of the system is compared with the expected power, and the delay phase delta of the secondary side converter and the phase shift between bridges are adjusted
To meet the actual power requirements of the system. At this time, the power flow direction and magnitude are already the same as the expected power flow, and the system operation is finished. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, the primary side converter and the secondary side converter are in wireless communication connection, and meanwhile, the switching frequency, the output voltage of the primary side converter and the expected power are initialized;
s2, adjusting the primary side converter to generate the phase shift between the bridges
Obtaining a desired output voltage V of the primary converter p ；
S3, obtaining the actual output power P of the system, and judging whether the actual output power P of the system is larger than the set power;
s4, if the actual output power P of the system is equal to the set power, adjusting the secondary side converter to generate the delay phase delta and the phase shift between the bridges
To meet the actual power requirements of the system;
and S5, if the actual output power P of the system is equal to the set power, waiting for the power to reach a steady state, and finally, enabling the expected power to be equal to the actual output power.
The bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless electric energy transmission system based on the bilateral LC resonance network is suitable for bidirectional electric energy transmission among a power grid, an electric automobile and a plurality of electronic equipment, so that the magnitude and the direction of power flow between the electric automobile or the electric equipment can be adjusted and controlled through the phase or the amplitude of voltage generated by the primary and secondary side converters, and the control method can be effectively suitable for power flow adjustment of a BCPT (binary-coded decimal Transformer) system.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, apparatus, article, or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, apparatus, article, or method. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, apparatus, article, or method that includes the element.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The bidirectional electric field coupling type wireless electric energy transmission system comprises a primary circuit and a secondary circuit, and is characterized in that the primary circuit comprises a primary power interface, a primary converter, a primary resonant network and a pair of primary metal plates, the secondary circuit comprises a secondary power interface, a secondary converter, a secondary resonant network and a pair of secondary metal plates, a primary controller is connected to the primary converter, a secondary controller is connected to the secondary converter, and the primary circuit and the secondary circuit are connected through the pair of primary metal platesTwo-way electric field coupling formula wireless power transmission is realized to polar plate and a pair of secondary side metal polar plate, wherein: the primary side controller controls the primary side converter to generate inter-bridge phase shift
The secondary side controller controls the secondary side converter to generate a delay phase delta and an inter-bridge phase shift
The relative phase angle of the primary and secondary output voltages is theta when the angle is 0 DEG<θ<When the angle is 180 degrees, the forward power transmission of the system is realized, and when the angle is-180 degrees<θ<And when the angle is 0 degrees, the reverse power transmission of the system is realized.
2. The two-way electric field coupled wireless power transfer system of claim 1, wherein: a primary side filter capacitor C is arranged between the primary side power interface and the primary side converter d A secondary filter capacitor C is arranged between the secondary power interface and the secondary converter o 。
3. The two-way electric field coupled wireless power transfer system of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the primary side resonance network and the secondary side resonance network both adopt LC resonance networks, wherein: the primary side resonant network comprises a primary side resonant inductor L 1 And primary side compensation capacitor C f1 The secondary resonant network comprises a secondary resonant inductor L 2 And secondary side compensation capacitor C f2 。
4. The two-way electric field coupled wireless power transfer system of claim 3, wherein: the parameters of each electric appliance element in the primary side resonant network and the secondary side resonant network meet the following conditions:
where ω is the angular frequency of system operation, L 1 Is a primary side resonance inductor L 1 Self-inductance of (L) 2 Is a secondary side resonance inductor L 2 Self-induction of (C) 1 Is the equivalent self-capacitance, C, of the primary side resonant circuit in the equivalent current source model of the system 2 Is the equivalent self-capacitance, C, of the secondary side resonant circuit in the equivalent current source model of the system M And the equivalent mutual capacitance of the electric field coupling mechanism formed by the pair of primary side metal polar plates and the pair of secondary side metal polar plates.
5. The two-way electric field coupled wireless power transfer system of claim 4, wherein: the primary side resonant circuit equivalent self-capacitance C 1 ＝C in1 +C f1 The secondary resonant circuit is equivalent to a self-capacitance C 2 ＝C in2 +C f2 The equivalent mutual capacitance of the electric field coupling mechanism
Wherein:
C f1 compensating the capacitance C for the primary side f1 Capacitance value of C f2 Compensating the capacitance C for the secondary side f2 The capacitance value of (a);
intermediate variables
Intermediate variables
The pair of primary metal plates comprises a plate P 1 And a polar plate P 2 The pair of secondary metal polar plates comprises a polar plate P 3 And a polar plate P 4 And then:
C 12 indicating polar plate P 1 And a polar plate P 2 Equivalent capacitance between, C 13 Indicating polar plate P 1 And a polar plate P 3 Equivalent capacitance between, C 14 Indicating polar plate P 1 And a polar plate P 4 Equivalent capacitance between, C 23 Representing a polar plate P 2 And a polar plate P 3 Equivalent capacitance therebetween, C 24 Representing a polar plate P 2 And a polar plate P 4 Equivalent capacitance therebetween, C 34 Representing a polar plate P 3 And a polar plate P 4 The equivalent capacitance therebetween.
6. The two-way electric field coupled wireless power transfer system of claim 1, 4 or 5, wherein: the primary side converter and the secondary side converter both adopt full-bridge reversible rectifiers, wherein the primary side converter comprises a switch tube S1, a switch tube S2, a switch tube S3 and a switch tube S4, and the secondary side converter comprises a switch tube S5, a switch tube S6, a switch tube S7 and a switch tube S8.
7. The two-way electric field coupled wireless power transfer system of claim 4 or 5, wherein: the primary side controller and the secondary side controller are used for controlling the primary side controller and the secondary side controller according to the active power P received by the secondary side converter r And reactive power Q r According to the following requirements:
controlling said primary converter and said secondary converter in a constrained relationship of, wherein V d Representing the DC voltage, V, of the primary power supply interface o And indicating the direct-current voltage of the secondary power interface.
8. The two-way electric field coupled wireless power transfer system of claim 1, wherein: the primary side controller and the secondary side controller control the primary side converter and the secondary side converter to realize maximum forward power transmission or reverse power transmission according to a mode that theta is +/-90 degrees.
9. The two-way electric field coupled wireless power transfer system of claim 1 or 8, wherein: the primary and secondary circuits have outputs connected to the electronic device and absorb or transfer power, and the output interfaces at both ends are represented by dc power supplies. When the system transmits forward power, the primary side direct current power supply outputs energy, and the secondary side power supply receives energy; when the system is in reverse power transmission, the secondary side power supply outputs energy, and the primary side power supply receives energy.
10. A control method for the two-way electric field coupled wireless power transfer system of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
s1, the primary side converter and the secondary side converter are in wireless communication connection, and meanwhile, the switching frequency, the output voltage of the primary side converter and the expected power are initialized;
s2, adjusting the primary side converter to generate the phase shift between the bridges
Obtaining a desired output voltage V of the primary converter p ；
S3, obtaining the actual output power P of the system, and judging whether the actual output power P of the system is larger than the set power;
s4, if the actual output power P of the system is not equal to the set power, adjusting the secondary side converter to generate the delay phase delta and the phase shift between bridges
To meet the actual power requirements of the system;
and S5, if the actual output power P of the system is equal to the set power, waiting for the power to reach a steady state, and finally, enabling the expected power to be equal to the actual output power.
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