CN115096714A - Fracturing physical simulation experiment device and using method thereof - Google Patents
Fracturing physical simulation experiment device and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115096714A CN115096714A CN202211022324.6A CN202211022324A CN115096714A CN 115096714 A CN115096714 A CN 115096714A CN 202211022324 A CN202211022324 A CN 202211022324A CN 115096714 A CN115096714 A CN 115096714A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
Abstract
A fracturing physical simulation experiment device and a using method thereof are provided, the fracturing physical simulation experiment device comprises: the pumping system is used for applying fracturing pressures with different injection conditions to the rock sample; true triaxial pressurization system comprising: the device comprises an x-direction loading plate, a y-direction loading plate and a z-direction loading plate which are used for applying pressure to a rock sample; and the acoustic emission signal monitoring system is used for receiving an acoustic emission signal generated by the pressed rock sample, processing the acoustic emission signal, controlling the time of changing the injection conditions of the pumping system according to the acoustic emission event rate, and sequentially executing liquid pressure fracturing under different injection conditions according to the experimental requirements. Through the structure, the problems that the hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment device in the prior art has single injection condition and lacks judgment basis for changing the types and the opportunity of injection pressure, discharge capacity and fracturing fluid can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine pile foundation engineering, in particular to a dynamic injection hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment device based on acoustic emission and a using method thereof.
Background
The shale gas reserves in China are huge, the distribution is wide, and the application prospect is wide. Shale reservoirs have the characteristics of compactness and low permeability, and industrial development can be carried out only by drilling and fracturing to form a seam network. As a main reservoir fracturing technology, the traditional hydraulic fracturing injection mode is stable injection, and the injection pressure and the discharge capacity of the stable injection are stable and are a single fracturing fluid mode. The existing hydraulic fracturing injection mode has limited disturbance damage capability to rocks, and the yield is decreased quickly.
In order to solve the above problems, some researchers have proposed a dynamic injection hydraulic fracturing method using cyclic injection, fluctuating injection, alternating injection, etc. to improve the fracturing effect. The technology is a new technology with application potential in the field of hydraulic fracturing at present, but the feasibility, application effect and safety of the technology still stay in the aspect of theoretical research, and experimental data or support of field application results is lacked.
In order to meet the research requirement of dynamic injection hydraulic fracturing physical simulation. Large hydraulic fracture physical simulation tests are required to pass. A large-size true triaxial simulation test system is often adopted in the test to research the hydraulic fracture expansion effect and mechanism under different fracturing parameters. The existing hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment device has the defects that the injection condition of fracturing fluid is single, the control means is backward, the judgment basis for changing the injection pressure and the discharge capacity and the type and the opportunity of the fracturing fluid is lacked, and the experiment result cannot support the comparative research on the hydraulic fracturing effect under various dynamic injection conditions. Therefore, the invention provides a fracturing physical simulation experiment device and a using method thereof, and solves the problems that the existing hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment device is single in injection condition, and the injection pressure, the discharge capacity and the type and the time of fracturing fluid are changed, and the judgment basis is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fracturing physical simulation experiment device and a using method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment device in the prior art has single injection condition, changes the injection pressure and the discharge capacity, and the type and the time of fracturing fluid are lack of judgment basis. Therefore, the invention provides a fracturing physical simulation experiment device, which comprises:
the pumping system is used for applying fracturing pressures with different injection conditions to the rock sample;
true triaxial pressurizing system comprising: the device comprises an x-direction loading plate, a y-direction loading plate and a z-direction loading plate, wherein the x-direction loading plate, the y-direction loading plate and the z-direction loading plate are used for applying pressure to a rock sample;
and the acoustic emission signal monitoring system is used for receiving the acoustic emission signal of the rock sample, processing the acoustic emission signal, controlling the time of the pumping system for changing the injection conditions according to the acoustic emission event rate, and sequentially executing hydraulic fracturing under different injection conditions according to the experiment requirements.
Optionally, the pumping system comprises: the fracturing fluid tank comprises at least two fracturing fluid tanks, a hydraulic pump, a three-way valve, a fluid injection pipeline and a connecting pipeline; and the hydraulic pump is a variable working frequency hydraulic pump, receives the instruction of the acoustic emission signal monitoring system, and adjusts the driving capability of the hydraulic pump.
Optionally, the three-way valve is an electric microcomputer three-way valve; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
the flow range of the variable working frequency hydraulic pump is as follows: 2L/min to 300L/min; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the liquid injection pipeline comprises a rigid pipe and a flexible pipe, the rigid pipe is respectively connected with a pressurizing servo mechanism of the pumping system and the rock sample through an injection port, and the rigid pipe is inserted into a prefabricated fracturing hole of the rock sample; the flexible pipe is connected with the hydraulic pump; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the fracturing fluid tank is a stainless steel pressure fluid tank with a rubber liner; the pressure resistance of the fracturing fluid tank is 16kg, and the fracturing fluid tank is fixed on the ground through a foot support.
Optionally, the number of the fracturing fluid tanks is two, and two inlets of the three-way valve are respectively communicated with the two fracturing fluid tanks through the connecting pipeline; the outlet of the three-way valve is communicated with the hydraulic pump;
the three-way valve is internally provided with a microcomputer and is connected with the acoustic emission monitoring system, and the three-way valve receives the instruction of the acoustic emission signal monitoring system, switches or mixes different fracturing fluids and injects the fracturing fluids into the rock sample through the hydraulic pump.
Optionally, the true triaxial pressurizing system further includes: the system comprises a reaction bracket, a y-direction jack, a z-direction jack and a y-direction stress plate, wherein the y-direction jack, the z-direction jack and the y-direction stress plate are arranged on the reaction bracket; the z-direction stress plate of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device is fixed on the ground; and the x-direction jack and the x-direction stress plate of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device are respectively provided with a support frame corresponding to the base.
Optionally, the center positions of the loading plate and the stress plate in the same direction are on the same straight line;
the number of the jacks matched with the loading plate and the stress plate in the same direction is at least two, and the jacks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central position of the loading plate.
Optionally, the acoustic emission signal monitoring system includes: the acoustic emission probe, the amplifier and the monitoring control host are in communication connection;
the x-direction loading plate and the x-direction stress plate are provided with arrangement holes for the acoustic emission probes to pass through; and/or the y-direction loading plate and the y-direction stress plate are provided with arrangement holes for the acoustic emission probe to pass through;
the acoustic emission probe is fixed on the surface of the rock sample and is in communication connection with the monitoring control host through the amplifier.
Optionally, the reaction force bracket and/or the support frame are of a steel structure.
A use method of a fracturing physical simulation experiment device comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a rock sample according to experiment requirements, and making the rock sample into a square sample; machining a fracturing hole in the z direction of the rock sample; dismantling an x-direction stress plate and a support frame of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device, and putting the processed rock sample into a true triaxial pressurizing system; then, tightly attaching the stress plate in the x direction to the rock sample;
s2, fixing the acoustic emission probe on the surface of the rock sample; connecting the acoustic emission probe to an amplifier, and connecting the amplifier with a monitoring control host; filling fracturing fluid into a fracturing fluid tank according to test requirements;
s3, adjusting the pressure of the x-direction stress plate, the y-direction stress plate and the z-direction stress plate, and carrying out three-axis pressurization work until a preset pressure value is reached;
s4, starting a pumping pressure system and an acoustic emission signal monitoring system to perform a fracturing experiment;
s5, acquiring acoustic emission event signals through the acoustic emission signal monitoring system to obtain an event rate, automatically judging the time for switching injection conditions by a control program based on the acoustic emission event rate, and sequentially executing liquid pressure fracturing under different injection conditions according to experimental requirements;
s6, after different injection conditions are executed in sequence, closing the pumping system and the acoustic emission signal monitoring system, and adjusting the pressure of the x-direction stress plate, the y-direction stress plate and the z-direction stress plate to realize triaxial pressure relief work until the pressure is zero; and (4) detaching the x-direction stress plate and the support frame thereof, and taking out the sample.
Optionally, in step S1, after the x-direction stress plate is closely attached to the rock sample, the support frame of the x-direction stress plate is fixed to the ground;
in step S2, the acoustic emission probe passes through the preformed holes on the x-direction loading plate and the x-direction stress plate and is fixed on the surface of the rock sample; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
in step S3 and step S6, pressure is applied to the x-direction force-receiving plate, the y-direction force-receiving plate, and the z-direction force-receiving plate by the x-direction jack, the y-direction jack, and the z-direction jack, respectively.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a fracturing physical simulation experiment device, which comprises: the pumping system is used for applying fracturing pressures with different injection conditions to the rock sample; true triaxial pressurizing system comprising: the device comprises an x-direction loading plate, a y-direction loading plate and a z-direction loading plate, wherein the x-direction loading plate, the y-direction loading plate and the z-direction loading plate are used for applying pressure to a rock sample; and the acoustic emission signal monitoring system is used for sending an acoustic emission signal to the rock sample, receiving the acoustic emission signal to the rock sample, processing the acoustic emission signal, controlling the time for the pumping system to change the injection conditions according to the acoustic emission event rate, and sequentially executing hydraulic fracturing under different injection conditions according to the experiment requirements.
The pumping system in the present invention can apply fracturing pressures of different injection conditions to the rock sample according to the control signal. In addition, the acoustic emission signal monitoring system can receive and process the acoustic emission signals generated by the pressed rock sample, and the timing of changing the injection conditions of the pumping system is controlled according to the acoustic emission event rate, so that the hydraulic fracturing under different injection conditions is sequentially executed according to the experimental requirements. Through the structure, the problems that the injection condition of the fracturing fluid in the conventional hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment device is single, the injection condition cannot be changed, the control means is backward, and the judgment basis is lacked when the types and the time of the injection pressure, the discharge capacity and the fracturing fluid are changed can be effectively solved. The test result obtained by the fracturing physical simulation experiment device provided by the invention can effectively support the comparative research of the hydraulic fracturing effect under various dynamic injection conditions.
2. The invention provides a physical fracturing simulation experiment device, wherein a pumping system comprises: the fracturing fluid tank comprises at least two fracturing fluid tanks, a hydraulic pump, a three-way valve, a fluid injection pipeline and a connecting pipeline; and the hydraulic pump is a variable working frequency hydraulic pump, receives the instruction of the acoustic emission signal monitoring system, and adjusts the driving capability of the hydraulic pump.
In the invention, a plurality of fracturing fluid tanks are arranged, and the hydraulic pressure conveying conditions of the fracturing fluid tanks are controlled by the variable working frequency hydraulic pump, so that the injection pressure, the discharge capacity and the type of fracturing fluid can be effectively changed, and the injection conditions of the fracturing fluid are diversified. In addition, a plurality of fracturing fluid tanks can alternately inject different types of fracturing fluids, so that the simulation of alternate injection conditions is realized. Moreover, the variable working frequency hydraulic pump can accurately control the fracturing fluid discharge capacity required by dynamic injection according to the simulation requirement, can realize the simulation of various injection conditions of fluctuation injection and circulation injection, and has automatic operation.
3. The invention provides a fracturing physical simulation experiment device, the true triaxial pressurizing system further comprises: the system comprises a reaction bracket, a y-direction jack, a z-direction jack and a y-direction stress plate, wherein the y-direction jack, the z-direction jack and the y-direction stress plate are arranged on the reaction bracket; the z-direction stress plate of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device is fixed on the ground; and the x-direction jack and the x-direction stress plate of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device are respectively provided with a support frame corresponding to the base.
In the invention, the jack drives the loading plate to act so as to apply acting force to the rock sample, and the stress plate corresponding to the loading plate is arranged on the other side of the rock sample opposite to the loading plate, so that the action of applying the acting force to the rock sample can be effectively realized. And moreover, the jack drives the loading plate to act, so that the loading plate can be effectively ensured to stably and reliably apply acting force to the rock sample.
4. The fracturing physical simulation experiment device provided by the invention has the advantages that the central positions of the loading plate and the stress plate in the same direction are on the same straight line; the number of the jacks matched with the loading plate and the stress plate in the same direction is at least two, and the jacks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central position of the loading plate.
The multiple jacks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central position of the loading plate, and the central positions of the loading plate and the stress plate are positioned on the same straight line, so that the stress balance of the rock sample can be effectively ensured.
5. The invention provides a fracturing physical simulation experiment device, wherein an acoustic emission signal monitoring system comprises: the acoustic emission probe, the amplifier and the monitoring control host are in communication connection; the x-direction loading plate and the x-direction stress plate are provided with arrangement holes for the acoustic emission probes to pass through; and/or the y-direction loading plate and the y-direction stress plate are provided with arrangement holes for the acoustic emission probe to pass through; the acoustic emission probe is fixed on the surface of the rock sample and is in communication connection with the monitoring control host through the amplifier.
The acoustic emission signal monitoring system can realize the sequential simulation of different injection conditions by utilizing the change effect of the acoustic emission signal in the shale fracturing process and automatically judging the time for changing the injection conditions by a program. The randomness caused by subjective judgment is reduced, and the reliability of the experimental result is improved.
6. The invention provides a using method of a fracturing physical simulation experiment device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a rock sample according to experiment requirements, and making the rock sample into a square sample; machining a fracturing hole in the z direction of the rock sample; dismantling an x-direction stress plate and a support frame of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device, and putting the processed rock sample into a true triaxial pressurizing system; then, tightly attaching the stress plate in the x direction to the rock sample;
s2, fixing the acoustic emission probe on the surface of the rock sample; connecting the acoustic emission probe to an amplifier, and connecting the amplifier with a monitoring control host; filling fracturing fluid into a fracturing fluid tank according to test requirements;
s3, adjusting the pressure of the x-direction stress plate, the y-direction stress plate and the z-direction stress plate, and carrying out three-axis pressurization work until a preset pressure value is reached;
s4, starting a pumping pressure system and an acoustic emission signal monitoring system to perform a fracturing experiment;
s5, acquiring acoustic emission event signals through the acoustic emission signal monitoring system to obtain an event rate, automatically judging the time for switching injection conditions by a control program based on the acoustic emission event rate, and sequentially executing liquid pressure fracturing under different injection conditions according to experimental requirements;
s6, after different injection conditions are executed in sequence, closing the pumping system and the acoustic emission signal monitoring system, and adjusting the pressure of the x-direction stress plate, the y-direction stress plate and the z-direction stress plate to realize triaxial pressure relief work until the pressure is zero; and (4) detaching the x-direction stress plate and the support frame thereof, and taking out the sample.
According to the invention, the injection conditions of the fracturing fluid in the hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment device can be effectively diversified through the control method, the injection conditions can be changed, the advancement of the control means is improved, and the judgment basis for changing the injection conditions of the fracturing fluid can be accurately obtained, so that the test result obtained by the measurement of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device provided by the invention can effectively support the comparative study on the hydraulic fracturing effects under various dynamic injection conditions.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a physical fracturing simulation experiment device provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the x-direction loading plate and the x-direction force-bearing plate provided by the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
loading the plate in the 1-x direction; 2-y direction loading plate; a 3-z direction load plate; 4-fracturing fluid tanks; 5-a hydraulic pump; 6-three-way valve; 7-liquid injection pipeline; 8-connecting a pipeline; 9-a rigid tube; 10-a flexible tube; 11-a counter-force bracket; a 12-x directional jack; a 13-y directional jack; a 14-z jack; 15-x direction stress plate; a 16-y direction force plate; a 17-z direction stress plate; 18-a support frame; 19-an acoustic emission probe; 20-an amplifier; 21-monitoring and controlling the host computer; 22-display.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
A physical simulation experiment apparatus for fracturing is described, as shown in fig. 1, which includes:
the pumping system is used for applying fracturing pressures with different injection conditions to the rock sample; the pumping system comprises: two fracturing fluid tanks 4, a hydraulic pump 5, a three-way valve 6, a liquid injection pipeline 7 and a connecting pipeline 8; the hydraulic pump 5 is a variable working frequency hydraulic pump, receives the instruction of the acoustic emission signal monitoring system, and adjusts the driving capability of the hydraulic pump 5; in addition, the three-way valve 6 is an electric microcomputer three-way valve; in addition, the flow rate range of the variable operating frequency hydraulic pump in the present embodiment is: 2L/min to 300L/min;
true triaxial pressurization system comprising: an x-direction loading plate 1, a y-direction loading plate 2 and a z-direction loading plate 3 for applying pressure to the rock sample; the true triaxial pressurizing system in this embodiment further includes: the device comprises a reaction support, a y-direction jack, a z-direction jack and a y-direction stress plate, wherein the y-direction jack, the z-direction jack and the y-direction stress plate are arranged on the reaction support; the z-direction stress plate of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device is fixed on the ground; and the x-direction jack and the x-direction stress plate of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device are respectively provided with a support frame corresponding to the base. Moreover, as shown in fig. 2, the central positions of the loading plate and the stress plate in the same direction are on the same straight line; the number of the jacks matched with the loading plate and the stress plate in the same direction is two, and the two jacks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central position of the loading plate.
And the acoustic emission signal monitoring system is used for receiving an acoustic emission signal generated by the pressed rock sample, processing the acoustic emission signal, controlling the time of changing the injection conditions of the pumping system according to the acoustic emission event rate, and sequentially executing liquid pressure fracturing under different injection conditions according to the experimental requirements. Two inlets of the three-way valve 6 are respectively communicated with the two fracturing fluid tanks 4 through the connecting pipeline 8; the outlet of the three-way valve 6 is communicated with the hydraulic pump 5; and the three-way valve 6 is internally provided with a microcomputer and is connected with an acoustic emission monitoring system, and the three-way valve 6 receives an instruction of the acoustic emission signal monitoring system, switches or mixes different fracturing fluids and injects the fracturing fluids into the rock sample through the hydraulic pump 5. The acoustic emission signal monitoring system in this embodiment includes: the acoustic emission probe 19, the amplifier 20 and the monitoring control host 21 are connected in a communication manner; the monitoring control host 21 is in communication connection with a display 22, and the display 22 is used for displaying the running state of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device. The x-direction loading plate 1 and the x-direction stress plate 15 are provided with arrangement holes for the acoustic emission probe 19 to pass through; the acoustic emission probe 19 passes through the arrangement holes and is fixed on the surface of the rock sample, and the acoustic emission probe 19 is in communication connection with the monitoring control host 21 through the amplifier 20.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the liquid injection pipeline 7 includes a rigid pipe 9 and a flexible pipe 10, the rigid pipe is connected to the pressurizing servo mechanism of the pumping system and the rock sample through an injection port, respectively, and the rigid pipe 9 is inserted into the preformed fracturing hole of the rock sample; the flexible pipe 10 is connected with the hydraulic pump 5; the fracturing fluid tank 4 is a stainless steel pressure fluid tank with a rubber liner.
A use method of a fracturing physical simulation experiment device comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a rock sample according to experiment requirements, and making the rock sample into a square sample; machining a fracturing hole in the z direction of the rock sample; dismantling an x-direction stress plate 15 and a support frame 18 of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device, and putting the processed rock sample into a true triaxial pressurizing system; then, after the stress plate 15 in the x direction is tightly attached and connected with the rock sample, fixing the support frame 18 of the stress plate 15 in the x direction on the ground;
s2, the acoustic emission probe 19 passes through the preformed holes on the x-direction loading plate 1 and the x-direction stress plate 15 and is fixed on the surface of the rock sample; the acoustic emission probe 19 is connected to an amplifier 20, and the amplifier 20 and a monitoring control host 21 are connected; according to the test requirement, filling fracturing fluid into the fracturing fluid tank 4;
s3, adjusting the pressure of the x-direction stress plate 15, the y-direction stress plate 16 and the z-direction stress plate 17, and carrying out three-axis pressurization work until a preset pressure value is reached; applying pressure to an x-direction stress plate 15, a y-direction stress plate 16 and a z-direction stress plate 17 through an x-direction jack 12, a y-direction jack 13 and a z-direction jack 14 respectively;
s4, starting a pumping pressure system and an acoustic emission signal monitoring system to perform a fracturing experiment;
s5, acquiring acoustic emission event signals through the acoustic emission signal monitoring system to obtain an event rate, automatically judging the time for switching injection conditions by a control program based on the acoustic emission event rate, and sequentially executing liquid pressure fracturing under different injection conditions according to experimental requirements;
s6, after different injection conditions are executed in sequence, the pumping system and the acoustic emission signal monitoring system are closed, the pressure of the x-direction stress plate 15, the y-direction stress plate 16 and the z-direction stress plate 17 is adjusted, and triaxial pressure relief work is achieved until the pressure is zero; in the above steps, the x-direction stress plate 15, the y-direction stress plate 16, and the z-direction stress plate 17 are respectively pressed by the x-direction jack 12, the y-direction jack 13, and the z-direction jack 14. After the above work is completed, the x-direction force-bearing plate 15 and its supporting frame 18 are removed, and the sample is taken out.
Of course, in this embodiment, the structure of the pumping system is not particularly limited, and in other embodiments, the pumping system may further include a plurality of pneumatic tanks and a plurality of hydraulic tanks that work together.
Of course, in this embodiment, the number of the fracturing fluid tanks 4 is not particularly limited, and in other embodiments, the number of the fracturing fluid tanks 4 may also be 3 or more than 3.
Of course, in this embodiment, the flow range of the variable operating frequency hydraulic pump is not specifically limited, and in other embodiments, the flow range of the variable operating frequency hydraulic pump may also be: 10L/min to 200L/min.
Of course, in this embodiment, the number of jacks for driving the same loading plate is not particularly limited, and in other embodiments, one loading plate may be driven by three jacks.
Of course, in this embodiment, the arrangement position of the arrangement holes is not particularly limited, and in other embodiments, the arrangement holes may also be arranged on the y-direction loading plate 2 and the y-direction force-bearing plate 16.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fracturing physical simulation experiment device is characterized by comprising:
the pumping system is used for applying fracturing pressures with different injection conditions to the rock sample;
true triaxial pressurization system comprising: an x-direction loading plate (1), a y-direction loading plate (2) and a z-direction loading plate (3) for applying pressure to the rock sample;
and the acoustic emission signal monitoring system is used for receiving an acoustic emission signal generated by the pressed rock sample, processing the acoustic emission signal, controlling the time of changing the injection conditions of the pumping system according to the acoustic emission event rate, and sequentially performing liquid pressure fracturing under different injection conditions according to the experimental requirements.
2. The physical simulation fracturing experimental apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pumping system comprises: the fracturing fluid tank comprises at least two fracturing fluid tanks (4), a hydraulic pump (5), a three-way valve (6), a fluid injection pipeline (7) and a connecting pipeline (8); and the hydraulic pump (5) is a variable working frequency hydraulic pump, receives the instruction of the acoustic emission signal monitoring system, and adjusts the driving capacity of the hydraulic pump (5).
3. The physical simulation experimental apparatus for fracturing according to claim 2, wherein the three-way valve (6) is an electric microcomputer three-way valve; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the flow range of the variable working frequency hydraulic pump is as follows: 2L/min to 300L/min; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the liquid injection pipeline (7) comprises a rigid pipe (9) and a flexible pipe (10), the rigid pipe is respectively connected with a pressurizing servo mechanism of the pumping system and the rock sample through an injection port, and the rigid pipe (9) is inserted into a prefabricated fracturing hole of the rock sample; the flexible pipe (10) is connected with the hydraulic pump (5); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the fracturing fluid tank (4) is a stainless steel pressure fluid tank with a rubber inner container.
4. The physical fracturing simulation experiment device according to claim 3, wherein the number of the fracturing fluid tanks (4) is two, and two inlets of the three-way valve (6) are respectively communicated with the two fracturing fluid tanks (4) through the connecting pipeline (8); the outlet of the three-way valve (6) is communicated with the hydraulic pump (5);
the three-way valve (6) is internally provided with a microcomputer and is connected with the acoustic emission monitoring system, the three-way valve (6) receives an instruction of the acoustic emission signal monitoring system, and different fracturing fluids are switched or mixed and injected into the rock sample through the hydraulic pump (5).
5. The fracturing physical simulation experiment device of claim 2, wherein the true triaxial pressurization system further comprises: the device comprises a reaction bracket (11), and a y-direction jack (13), a z-direction jack (14) and a y-direction stress plate (16) which are arranged on the reaction bracket (11); the z-direction stress plate (17) of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device is fixed on the ground; and the x-direction jack (12) and the x-direction stress plate (15) of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device are respectively provided with a support frame (18) corresponding to the base.
6. The physical simulation experiment device for fracturing, according to claim 5, wherein the central positions of the loading plate and the stress plate in the same direction are on the same straight line;
the number of the jacks matched with the loading plate and the stress plate in the same direction is at least two, and the jacks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central position of the loading plate.
7. The physical simulation testing apparatus for fracturing of claim 5, wherein the acoustic emission signal monitoring system comprises: the acoustic emission probe (19), the amplifier (20) and the monitoring control host (21) are connected in a communication manner;
the x-direction loading plate (1) and the x-direction stress plate (15) are provided with arrangement holes for the acoustic emission probes (19) to pass through; and/or arrangement holes for the acoustic emission probes (19) to pass through are arranged on the y-direction loading plate (2) and the y-direction stress plate (16);
the acoustic emission probe (19) is fixed on the surface of the rock sample, and the acoustic emission probe (19) is in communication connection with the monitoring control host (21) through the amplifier (20).
8. The physical simulation experiment device for fracturing as claimed in claim 5, wherein the counterforce support (11) and/or the support frame (18) are steel structures.
9. The use method of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a rock sample according to experiment requirements, and making the rock sample into a square sample; machining a fracturing hole in the z direction of the rock sample; dismantling an x-direction stress plate (15) and a support frame (18) of the fracturing physical simulation experiment device, and putting the processed rock sample into a true triaxial pressurizing system; then, tightly attaching the x-direction stress plate (15) to the rock sample;
s2, fixing the acoustic emission probe (19) on the surface of the rock sample; the acoustic emission probe (19) is connected to an amplifier (20), and the amplifier (20) is connected with a monitoring control host (21); according to the test requirement, the fracturing fluid is filled into the fracturing fluid tank (4);
s3, adjusting the pressure of the x-direction stress plate (15), the y-direction stress plate (16) and the z-direction stress plate (17), and carrying out three-axis pressurization work until a preset pressure value is reached;
s4, starting the pumping system and the acoustic emission signal monitoring system to perform a fracturing experiment;
s5, acquiring acoustic emission event signals through the acoustic emission signal monitoring system to obtain an event rate, automatically judging the time for switching injection conditions by a control program based on the acoustic emission event rate, and sequentially executing liquid pressure fracturing under different injection conditions according to experimental requirements;
s6, after different injection conditions are executed in sequence, the pumping system and the acoustic emission signal monitoring system are closed, the pressure of the x-direction stress plate (15), the y-direction stress plate (16) and the z-direction stress plate (17) is adjusted, and triaxial pressure relief work is achieved until the pressure is zero; the x-direction stress plate (15) and the support frame (18) thereof are detached, and the sample is taken out.
10. The use method of the fracturing physical simulation experimental device of claim 9,
in step S1, after the x-direction stress plate (15) is closely attached and connected with the rock sample, fixing the support frame (18) of the x-direction stress plate (15) on the ground;
in step S2, the acoustic emission probe (19) passes through the preformed holes on the x-direction loading plate (1) and the x-direction stress plate (15) and is fixed on the surface of the rock sample; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
in step S3 and step S6, pressure is applied to the x-direction force-receiving plate (15), the y-direction force-receiving plate (16), and the z-direction force-receiving plate (17) by the x-direction jack (12), the y-direction jack (13), and the z-direction jack (14), respectively.
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