CN115096427A - 一种分布式光纤阵列传感声波探测系统与方法 - Google Patents
一种分布式光纤阵列传感声波探测系统与方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种分布式光纤阵列传感声波探测系统与方法,涉及光纤传感技术领域;系统包括窄线宽激光器、脉冲调制器、信号发生器、低噪声光放大器、环形器、光电探测器、信号处理模块和传感光纤阵列;传感光纤阵列包括多个串联周期性布置的光纤传感增敏单元;其中,信号发生器产生触发信号,触发信号作为脉冲调制器的触发源,窄线宽激光器发出的激光经脉冲调制器、低噪声光放大器、环形器进入传感光纤阵列,产生背向瑞利散射光,背向瑞利散射光进入信号处理模块,信号处理模块通过解调背向瑞利散射光相位信息,获取面声波信息;本发明突破光纤布设方式的局限,改善了DAS系统弱声波探测能力,实现了综合探测面声波的功能,拓展了DAS系统的应用领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光纤传感技术领域,尤其涉及一种分布式光纤阵列传感声波探测系统及方法。
背景技术
分布式光纤声波传感(Distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing,DAS)技术是一种利用光纤背向瑞利散射干涉效应探测声波的新型传感技术。除具有光纤传感系统共有的应用优势外(如本质无源,可在强电磁干扰、高温高压、化学腐蚀强等特殊环境下工作),DAS技术还可以很好的实现对光纤沿线的应变(振动、声波等)进行长距离的分布式的探测。其基本原理为:光在光纤中传输时,由于光纤在制造过程中无法做到质地完全均匀,入射光波会在光纤中发生弹性散射,产生瑞利散射光;当光纤受到如声波、压力等外界物理量作用时,光纤中的瑞利散射光相位会相应受到影响,通过解调瑞利散射光的相位信息,即可获得声波信息,实现对声波信息的分布式传感。
现有DAS系统的传感光纤布设方式通常为线型布设,随着DAS技术的不断发展,该种传感光纤布设方式虽然可以在长距离上探测声波,但是从局部来看,该种光纤布设方式限制了DAS系统的弱声波探测能力、系统分辨率等性能,对于某些应用场景,如需重点获取某些空间点处弱声波信息,其无法很好实现对声波的探测;此外,从整体来看,其仅可对线型区域进行探测,当需要综合获取某一面型区域声波信息时,该种传感光纤布设方式也无法很好地实现目标功能。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一至少在于,针对如何克服上述现有技术存在的问题,提供一种分布式光纤阵列传感声波探测系统及方法,通过布设多个光纤增敏传感单元,能够实现对重点区域弱声波信息的探测;光纤传感增敏单元串联周期性布置,并且呈矩形阵列均匀布置,可以实现对面声波的综合探测,改善DAS系统分辨率。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案包括以下各方面。
一种分布式光纤阵列传感声波探测系统,包括:窄线宽激光器、脉冲调制器、信号发生器、低噪声光放大器、环形器、光电探测器、信号处理模块和传感光纤阵列,所述传感光纤阵列包括多个光纤传感增敏单元,所述光纤传感增敏单元串联周期性设置;
所述窄线宽激光器发出的激光经由所述脉冲调制器调制,形成脉冲光,所述信号发生器产生触发信号,所述触发信号作为脉冲调制器的触发源;所述脉冲光经由所述低噪声光放大器放大,放大的脉冲光经所述环形器进入所述传感光纤阵列,在传感光纤阵列中发生瑞利散射,产生背向瑞利散射光,所述背向瑞利散射光经由所述环形器进入所述光电探测器,在所述光电探测器中转换为电信号,转换的电信号进入所述信号处理模块;
所述信号处理模块与计算机通信连接,并配置为解调出背向瑞利散射光相位信息。
优选的,所述光纤传感增敏单元呈矩形或环形阵列均匀布置,所述光纤传感增敏单元包括振动膜片,所述振动膜片的上表面和下表面绕设有多圈传感光纤,所述传感光纤通过串联方式绕设在每个振动膜片上。
优选的,所述绕设于每个振动膜片上表面的传感光纤总长度大于所述分布式光纤阵列传感的振动声波探测系统的空间分辨率,所述绕设于每个振动膜片下表面的传感光纤长度大于所述分布式光纤阵列传感的振动声波探测系统的空间分辨率。
优选的,所述传感光纤阵列的布设面与所探测声波传播方向垂直。
优选的,所述振动膜片材料为金属或有机材料。
一种分布式光纤阵列传感声波探测方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:布设传感光纤阵列,将传感光纤阵列置于声波测量空间中;
S2:打开窄线宽激光器,窄线宽激光器产生的激光进入传感光纤阵列中,产生背向瑞利散射光;
S3:背向瑞利散射光返回信号处理模块;
S4:信号处理模块解调出传感光纤阵列中,各光纤传感增敏单元处的声波强度信息,组合成面声波信息。
所述传感光纤阵列的布设方式为:
(1)在振动膜片的上表面和下表面上串联绕设多圈传感光纤,形成光纤传感增敏单元;
(2)将光纤传感增敏单元进行周期性串联布设,形成传感光纤阵列。
优选地,信号发生器产生触发信号,所述触发信号作为脉冲调制器的触发源,所述窄线宽激光器产生的激光经由脉冲调制器调制,产生脉冲光,所述脉冲光经由低噪声光放大器放大,放大的脉冲光经环形器进入所述传感光纤阵列中。
优选地,所述背向瑞利散射光经环形器进入光电探测器转换成电信号,转换的电信号输入信号处理模块。
优选地,所述信号处理模块将电信号转换为数字信号,根据转换的数字信号解调出背向瑞利散射光相位信息,进而获取传感光纤阵列中各光纤传感增敏单元处声波强度信息;结合传感光纤阵列的布设参数获取面声波信息。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明至少具有以下有益效果:
通过在振动膜片的上、下表面上串联绕设多圈传感光纤,形成光纤传感增敏单元;膜片振动时,振动膜片上表面的传感光纤产生正形变,振动膜片下表面的传感光纤产生负形变,正形变与负形变叠加,能够实现双重增敏效果,提高对弱声波的探测效果,改善了DAS系统的性能。
通过将光纤传感增敏单元串联周期性布置,形成矩形或其他形状的阵列,能够实现对面域声波的综合探测,改善了DAS系统的系统分辨率,拓展了DAS系统的应用领域。
附图说明
图1是本发明示例性实施例的分布式光纤阵列传感的振动声波探测系统示意图。
图2是图1的传感光纤阵列示意图。
图3是图2的光纤传感增敏单元示意图。
图4是图3的光纤传感增敏单元顶部示意图。
图5是图3的光纤传感增敏单元底部示意图。
图6是光纤传感增敏单元工作原理示意图,左侧为向上振动,右侧为向下振动。
图7是图6的光纤传感增敏单元顶部工作原理示意图,左侧为向上振动,右侧为向下振动。
图8是图6的光纤传感增敏单元底部工作原理示意图,左侧为向上振动,右侧为向下振动。
图9是本发明示例性实施例的分布式光纤阵列传感的振动声波探测流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明,以使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示,本发明示例性实施例的分布式光纤阵列传感的振动声波探测系统包括:窄线宽激光器、脉冲调制器、信号发生器、低噪声光放大器、环形器、光电探测器、信号处理模块及传感光纤阵列;窄线宽激光器产生的激光经由脉冲调制器调制,形成脉冲光;信号发生器产生触发信号,触发信号作为脉冲调制器的触发源;脉冲光经由低噪声光放大器放大,放大的脉冲光经环形器进入传感光纤阵列,在传感光纤阵列中发生瑞利散射,产生背向瑞利散射光,背向瑞利散射光返回环形器,经环形器进入光电探测器,在光电探测器中转换为电信号,转换的电信号进入信号处理模块;信号处理模块与计算机通信连接,并配置为解调出背向瑞利散射光的相位信息;当传感光纤阵列所处声波空间中的声波发生变化时,背向瑞利散射光的相位相应地发生变化,通过对背向瑞利散射光的相位进行分析,即可获得测量区域的面声波信息。
如图2-图5所示,传感光纤阵列包括多个光纤传感增敏单元,光纤传感增敏单元串联周期性布置,并且呈矩形阵列均匀布置(还可以为其他形状的阵列,例如环形阵列);光纤传感增敏单元包括振动膜片1,振动膜片1的上表面和下表面均绕设有多圈传感光纤2,传感光纤2通过串联方式绕设在每个振动膜片1上;传感光纤阵列的布设面与声波传播方向垂直,使得传感光纤2能够探测更多的面声波。
根据分布式光纤阵列传感声波探测系统的不同工作环境,振动膜片1可以选择不同的材料,例如金属、有机薄膜等,可提高振动膜片1的环境适应性,进而提升系统对声波的探测性能;传感光纤阵列中,绕设于每个振动膜片1上表面和下表面的传感光纤总长度均大于分布式光纤阵列传感声波探测系统的空间分辨率,系统空间分辨率为0.1m~0.4m。
如图6-图8所示,光纤传感增敏单元的工作原理为:当声波经过传感光纤阵列时,各光纤传感增敏单元中的振动膜片1会因声波的扰动上下振动;当振动膜片1向上振动时,绕设于振动膜片1上表面的传感光纤2会因振动膜片上表面的形变向外扩张,产生正形变(参考图7左);绕设于振动膜片下表面的传感光纤会因振动膜片下表面的形变向内压缩,产生负形变(参考图8左);当振动膜片向下振动时,绕设于振动膜片上表面的传感光纤会因振动膜片上表面的形变向内压缩,产生负形变(参考图7右),绕设于振动膜片下表面的传感光纤会因振动膜片下表面的形变向外扩张,产生正形变(参考图8右)。由于振动膜片上表面和下表面的传感光纤探测的是同一处的声波信息,因此正负形变效应叠加,并反映到探测相位上,可以实现声波探测的双重增敏效果,并且叠加的总形变效应与传感光纤的饶设圈数正相关,因此,在振动膜片上绕设多圈传感光纤可提高增敏效果。
如图9所示,本发明示例性实施例的分布式光纤阵列传感声波探测方法包括以下步骤:
S1:布设传感光纤阵列,将传感光纤阵列置于声波测量空间中,传感光纤阵列的布设面与声波测量空间中的声波传播方向垂直;传感光纤阵列的布置方式为:
(1)在振动膜片的上表面和下表面上串联绕设多圈传感光纤,形成光纤传感增敏单元;
(2)将光纤传感增敏单元进行周期性串联布设,形成传感光纤阵列。
S2:打开窄线宽激光器,窄线宽激光器产生的激光经由脉冲调制器调制,形成脉冲光,信号发生器产生触发信号,触发信号作为脉冲调制器的触发源;脉冲光经由低噪声光放大器放大,放大的脉冲光经环形器进入传感光纤阵列中,在传感光纤阵列中发生瑞利散射,产生背向瑞利散射光;当声波测量空间中的声波发生变化时,传感光纤阵列的振动膜片发生形变,从而使背向瑞利散射光的相位发生变化;
S3:背向瑞利散射光返回环形器,经环形器进入光电探测器,光电探测器将背向瑞利散射光信号转换为电信号,转换的电信号输入信号处理模块;
S4:信号处理模块将电信号转换为数字信号,根据转换的数字信号解调出背向瑞利散射光的相位信息,进而获得传感光纤阵列中各光纤传感增敏单元处声波强度信息;结合传感光纤阵列的布设参数获取面声波信息。
以上所述,仅为本发明具体实施方式的详细说明,而非对本发明的限制。相关技术领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明的原则和范围的情况下,做出的各种替换、变型以及改进均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种分布式光纤阵列传感声波探测系统,其特征在于,包括:窄线宽激光器、脉冲调制器、信号发生器、低噪声光放大器、环形器、光电探测器、信号处理模块和传感光纤阵列,所述传感光纤阵列包括多个光纤传感增敏单元,所述光纤传感增敏单元串联周期性设置;
所述窄线宽激光器发出的激光经由所述脉冲调制器调制,形成脉冲光,所述信号发生器产生触发信号,所述触发信号作为脉冲调制器的触发源;所述脉冲光经由所述低噪声光放大器放大,放大的脉冲光经所述环形器进入所述传感光纤阵列,在传感光纤阵列中发生瑞利散射,产生背向瑞利散射光,所述背向瑞利散射光经由所述环形器进入所述光电探测器,在所述光电探测器中转换为电信号,转换的电信号进入所述信号处理模块;
所述信号处理模块与计算机通信连接,并配置为解调出背向瑞利散射光相位信息。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分布式光纤阵列传感的振动声波探测系统,所述光纤传感增敏单元呈矩形或环形阵列均匀布置,所述光纤传感增敏单元包括振动膜片,所述振动膜片的上表面和下表面绕设有多圈传感光纤,所述传感光纤通过串联方式绕设在每个振动膜片上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的分布式光纤阵列传感的振动声波探测系统,其特征在于,所述传感光纤阵列的布设面与所探测声波传播方向垂直。
4.根据权利要求2所述的光纤传感增敏单元,其特征在于,所述绕设于每个振动膜片上表面的传感光纤总长度大于所述分布式光纤阵列传感的振动声波探测系统的空间分辨率,所述绕设于每个振动膜片下表面的传感光纤长度大于所述分布式光纤阵列传感的振动声波探测系统的空间分辨率。
5.根据权利要求2所述的光纤传感增敏单元,其特征在于,所述振动膜片材料为金属或有机材料。
6.一种分布式光纤阵列传感声波探测方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:布设传感光纤阵列,将传感光纤阵列置于声波测量空间中;
S2:打开窄线宽激光器,窄线宽激光器产生的激光进入传感光纤阵列中,产生背向瑞利散射光;
S3:背向瑞利散射光返回信号处理模块;
S4:信号处理模块解调出传感光纤阵列中,各光纤传感增敏单元处的声波强度信息,组合成面声波信息。
7.根据权利要求6所述的分布式光纤声波传感的纵横波探测方法,其特征在于,所述传感光纤阵列的布设方式为:
(1)在振动膜片的上表面和下表面上串联绕设多圈传感光纤,形成光纤传感增敏单元;
(2)将光纤传感增敏单元进行周期性串联布设,形成传感光纤阵列。
8.根据权利要求6所述的分布式光纤声波传感的纵横波探测方法,其特征在于,信号发生器产生触发信号,所述触发信号作为脉冲调制器的触发源,所述窄线宽激光器产生的激光经由脉冲调制器调制,产生脉冲光,所述脉冲光经由低噪声光放大器放大,放大的脉冲光经环形器进入所述传感光纤阵列中。
9.根据权利要求6所述的分布式光纤阵列传感的振动声波探测方法,其特征在于,所述背向瑞利散射光经环形器进入光电探测器转换成电信号,转换的电信号输入信号处理模块。
10.根据权利要求6所述的分布式光纤阵列传感的振动声波探测方法,其特征在于,所述信号处理模块将电信号转换为数字信号,根据转换的数字信号解调出背向瑞利散射光相位信息,进而获取传感光纤阵列中各光纤传感增敏单元处声波强度信息;结合传感光纤阵列的布设参数获取面声波信息。
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