CN115094368A - Preparation method of spraying-free plunger - Google Patents
Preparation method of spraying-free plunger Download PDFInfo
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- CN115094368A CN115094368A CN202210766847.5A CN202210766847A CN115094368A CN 115094368 A CN115094368 A CN 115094368A CN 202210766847 A CN202210766847 A CN 202210766847A CN 115094368 A CN115094368 A CN 115094368A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plungers on fracturing truck plunger pumps, and discloses a preparation method of a spraying-free plunger. According to the invention, a 38CrMoAlA material is lathed to obtain a plunger matrix; hardening and tempering the plunger matrix to 350-420 HV; performing finish machining on the tempered plunger substrate to obtain a finished semi-finished product; performing nitriding treatment on the finish-machined semi-finished product to obtain a semi-finished plunger product; wherein the depth of the nitride layer is more than or equal to 0.5mm, and the surface hardness is more than or equal to 1000 HV; and finely grinding the semi-finished plunger to 940-950 HV to obtain the spraying-free plunger. The plunger prepared by the invention has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, high anti-collision performance and long service life, and can meet the use requirements of complex well conditions. The processing method of the invention does not need to spray alloy coating or chromium plating, meets the requirement of green production and has higher market application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plungers on fracturing truck plunger pumps, in particular to a preparation method of a spraying-free plunger.
Background
The plunger pump of the fracturing truck is an important device in the oil exploitation fracturing process, the plunger is a key part in the plunger pump, and the plunger bears huge pressure during fracturing operation, so that strict requirements are required for the performance of the plunger. At present, a plunger used in a fracturing truck plunger pump is required to have excellent wear resistance, and an alloy coating is generally sprayed on the surface of the plunger, for example, patent 200610088966.0 discloses a manufacturing method of an oil well pump plunger, which sprays alloy powder on the surface of the plunger rod, and the manufactured plunger has stronger corrosion resistance and wear resistance. However, with the wide application of the alloy spraying technology, the defects of the alloy spraying technology are gradually shown, a large amount of alloy dust is generated in the alloy spraying process, and the alloy spraying technology has serious threats to the health of workers and environmental pollution, and does not accord with the development of the green industry advocated at present. For another example, patent CN112025229A discloses a method for processing a plunger for a pump, which includes plating chromium and spraying a zirconium dioxide coating on the surface of the plunger after processing and forming, so as to improve the wear resistance of the plunger and prolong the service life of the plunger. However, the chromium plating treatment can generate a large amount of waste water and waste gas, and a new burden is added to the production of enterprises.
Therefore, how to provide a spraying-free process for preparing the plunger and have good wear resistance has important significance for green production in the oil exploitation industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a spraying-free plunger, which solves the problems in the existing plunger processing process.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a spraying-free plunger, which comprises the following steps:
(1) turning the 38CrMoAlA material to obtain a plunger matrix;
(2) hardening and tempering the plunger matrix to 340-420 HV;
(3) performing finish machining on the tempered plunger substrate to obtain a finished semi-finished product;
(4) performing nitriding treatment on the finish-machined semi-finished product to obtain a semi-finished plunger product; wherein the depth of the nitride layer is more than or equal to 0.5mm, and the surface hardness is more than or equal to 1000 HV;
(5) and finely grinding the semi-finished plunger to 940-950 HV to obtain the spraying-free plunger.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the spray-free plunger, the allowance of finish machining in the step (3) is 0.05-0.08 mm.
Preferably, in the above method for manufacturing a spray-free plunger, the nitriding conditions in step (4) are as follows:
heating the furnace to 300-350 ℃, introducing ammonia gas, wherein the flow rate is 3L/H, and the furnace pressure is 35-40 mm/H 2 O, keeping the temperature for 2 h;
raising the furnace temperature to 400-450 ℃, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to 3.5-4L/H, and adjusting the furnace pressure to 35-40 mm/H 2 O, keeping the temperature for 3 hours;
raising the furnace temperature to 480-505 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the ammonia gas decomposition rate is 20-25%, and the furnace pressure is 140-160 mm/H 2 O, preserving the heat for 20-22 h;
raising the furnace temperature to 530 ℃, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the decomposition rate of the ammonia gas is 50-55%, and the furnace pressure is 140-160 mm/H 2 O, preserving the heat for 30 hours, then adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the decomposition rate of the ammonia gas is 85 percent, and preserving the heat for 2 hours;
stopping heating after heat preservation is finished, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to be 1L/H, and adjusting the furnace pressure to be 50-60 mm/H 2 O, simultaneously turning on an air cooler to cool;
when the furnace temperature is reduced to be less than or equal to 120 ℃, closing ammonia gas, opening a furnace cover, discharging the furnace, and air-cooling to room temperature. Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the plunger piston adopts 38CrMoAlA alloy structural steel as the raw material of the plunger piston, the material has high surface hardness, fatigue strength and good heat resistance and corrosion resistance, the wear resistance of the nitrided plunger piston is greatly improved, and the problem that the wear resistance of the traditional alloy material needs to be improved by spraying an alloy coating is solved. The plunger prepared by the invention has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, high anti-collision performance and long service life, and can meet the use requirements of complex well conditions.
(2) The plunger seal provided by the invention is made of flexible materials such as rubber or polyurethane, scratches on the plunger are small in the using process, even if slight scratches occur, the plunger seal can be reused after being repaired by fine grinding, and the service life is prolonged.
(3) The service cycle of the spraying-free plunger of the invention is as long as more than 300h, which is much higher than 200h of the traditional spraying process. And because the plunger clamp has high hardness and is not easy to damage, the plunger clamp can be repeatedly installed and used on equipment of the same model for many times, and even if the plunger reaches the use period, the plunger clamp can be recycled and repaired for many times for repeated use, so that the whole life cycle of a single plunger can be prolonged to more than 1000 h.
(4) The 38CrMoAlA alloy structural steel adopted by the invention has higher value, and after the plunger exceeds the service cycle and becomes waste, the recovery value of the waste is still higher, thereby reducing the production cost of enterprises.
(5) The processing method of the invention has no spraying or chromium plating treatment, avoids the harm to the health of operators, simultaneously does not generate a large amount of dust and waste gas, and fundamentally solves the problem of environmental pollution of the spraying type plunger piston. The processing method of the invention meets the requirement of green production and has higher market application value and development prospect.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a spraying-free plunger, which comprises the following steps:
(1) turning the 38CrMoAlA material to obtain a plunger matrix;
(2) tempering the plunger matrix to 350-420 HV;
(3) performing finish machining on the tempered plunger substrate to obtain a finished semi-finished product;
(4) performing nitriding treatment on the finish-machined semi-finished product to obtain a plunger semi-finished product; wherein the depth of the nitrided layer is more than or equal to 0.5mm, and the surface hardness is more than or equal to 1000 HV;
(5) and finely grinding the semi-finished plunger to 940-950 HV to obtain the spraying-free plunger.
In the invention, the step (2) is preferably performed to temper to 354-416 HV, more preferably to temper to 367-402 HV, and even more preferably to temper to 380 HV.
In the invention, the allowance of finish machining in the step (3) is preferably 0.06-0.08 mm, more preferably 0.07-0.08 mm, and even more preferably 0.08 mm.
In the present invention, the conditions of the nitriding treatment in the step (4) are preferably:
heating the furnace to 300-350 ℃, and introducingThe flow rate of the ammonia gas is 3L/H, and the furnace pressure is 35-40 mm/H 2 O, keeping the temperature for 2 h;
the furnace temperature is raised to 400-450 ℃, the flow rate of ammonia gas is adjusted to 3.5-4L/H, and the furnace pressure is 35-40 mm/H 2 O, preserving the heat for 3 hours;
raising the furnace temperature to 480-505 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the decomposition rate of the ammonia gas is 20-25%, and the furnace pressure is 140-160 mm/H 2 O, preserving the heat for 20-22 h;
raising the furnace temperature to 530 ℃, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the decomposition rate of the ammonia gas is 50-55%, and the furnace pressure is 140-160 mm/H 2 O, preserving the heat for 30 hours, then adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the decomposition rate of the ammonia gas is 85 percent, and preserving the heat for 2 hours;
stopping heating after heat preservation is finished, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to be 1L/H, and adjusting the furnace pressure to be 50-60 mm/H 2 O, simultaneously turning on an air cooler for cooling;
when the furnace temperature is reduced to be less than or equal to 120 ℃, closing ammonia gas, opening a furnace cover, discharging the furnace, and air-cooling to room temperature.
In the invention, the depth of the nitrided layer in the step (4) is preferably more than or equal to 0.5mm, and more preferably more than or equal to 0.6 mm; the surface hardness is preferably not less than 1005HV, more preferably not less than 1010HV, and still more preferably not less than 1015 HV.
In the invention, the fine grinding in the step (5) is preferably 941 to 950HV, more preferably 944 to 950HV, and even more preferably 950 HV. After the workpiece is subjected to nitriding treatment, the surface hardness is greatly improved, but after the surface hardness is too high, the workpiece has two defects: firstly, the brittleness is high, the brittleness of an important workpiece generally needs to reach 1-2 levels, and the performance is difficult to realize due to the increase of the brittleness after nitriding treatment; secondly, the high hardness is easy to generate adhesive wear in the using process, thereby generating abrasive wear and surface fatigue wear, and finally generating corrosion wear. Therefore, the control of the hardness of the test piece after the nitriding treatment is important for the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and service life of the plunger.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a spraying-free plunger, which comprises the following steps:
(1) turning the 38CrMoAlA material to obtain a plunger matrix;
(2) hardening and tempering the plunger matrix to 370 HV;
(3) performing finish machining on the quenched and tempered plunger substrate, wherein the finish machining allowance is 0.06mm, and obtaining a finish machining semi-finished product;
(4) performing nitriding treatment on the finish-machined semi-finished product to obtain a semi-finished plunger product; wherein the nitriding treatment conditions are as follows: heating to 350 deg.C, introducing ammonia gas at flow rate of 3L/H and furnace pressure of 40mm/H 2 O, keeping the temperature for 2 h; the furnace temperature is increased to 450 ℃, the flow of ammonia gas is adjusted to be 4L/H, and the furnace pressure is 40mm/H 2 O, preserving the heat for 3 hours; raising the furnace temperature to 505 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the ammonia gas decomposition rate is 20 percent, and the furnace pressure is 140mm/H 2 O, keeping the temperature for 22 h; the furnace temperature is raised to 530 ℃, the flow of ammonia gas is adjusted, the ammonia gas decomposition rate is 55 percent, and the furnace pressure is 140mm/H 2 O, preserving the heat for 30 hours, then adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the decomposition rate of the ammonia gas is 85 percent, and preserving the heat for 2 hours; stopping heating after heat preservation is finished, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to be 1L/H and the furnace pressure to be 50mm/H 2 O, simultaneously turning on an air cooler for cooling; when the furnace temperature is reduced to be less than or equal to 120 ℃, closing ammonia gas, opening a furnace cover, discharging the finished semi-finished product, and cooling the semi-finished product to room temperature in air;
the depth of a nitride layer of the semi-finished plunger is more than or equal to 0.5mm, the surface hardness is 1050HV, the depth of the nitride layer is 1010HV when the depth of the nitride layer is 0.1mm from the surface, the depth of the nitride layer is 930HV when the depth of the nitride layer is 0.2mm from the surface, the depth of the nitride layer is 850HV when the depth of the nitride layer is 0.3mm from the surface, the depth of the nitride layer is 550HV when the nitride layer is 0.4mm from the surface, the depth of the nitride layer is 930HV when the nitride layer is 0.2mm from the surface, the depth of the nitride layer is 0.3mm from the surface, the depth of the nitride layer is 0.4mm from the surface, the depth of the nitride layer is 0.5mm from the surface, the nitride layer is 930HV, the nitride layer is 0.2 HV when the nitride layer is 0.2mm from the surface, the nitride layer is 0.2 HV;
(5) and (5) finely grinding the semi-finished plunger to 950HV to obtain the spray-free plunger.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a spraying-free plunger, which comprises the following steps:
(1) turning the 38CrMoAlA material to obtain a plunger matrix;
(2) hardening and tempering the plunger matrix to 400 HV;
(3) performing finish machining on the quenched and tempered plunger substrate, wherein the finish machining allowance is 0.08mm, and obtaining a finish machining semi-finished product;
(4) performing nitriding treatment on the finish-machined semi-finished product to obtain a semi-finished plunger product; wherein, the nitriding treatment conditions are as follows: heating to make furnace temperature at 320 deg.C, introducing ammonia gas at flow rate of 3L/H and furnace pressure of 37mm/H 2 O, keeping the temperature for 2 h; the furnace temperature is increased to 420 ℃, the flow of ammonia gas is adjusted to be 3.5L/H, and the furnace pressure is 37mm/H 2 O, preserving the heat for 3 hours; raising the furnace temperature to 500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, adjusting the ammonia gas flow rate to ensure that the ammonia gas decomposition rate is 21 percent, and the furnace pressure is 150mm/H 2 O, keeping the temperature for 20 hours; the furnace temperature is increased to 530 ℃, the flow rate of the ammonia gas is adjusted to ensure that the decomposition rate of the ammonia gas is 52 percent, and the furnace pressure is 150mm/H 2 O, preserving the heat for 30 hours, then adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the decomposition rate of the ammonia gas is 85 percent, and preserving the heat for 2 hours; stopping heating after heat preservation is finished, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to be 1L/H and the furnace pressure to be 55mm/H 2 O, simultaneously turning on an air cooler to cool; when the furnace temperature is reduced to be less than or equal to 120 ℃, closing ammonia gas, opening a furnace cover, discharging the finished semi-finished product, and cooling the semi-finished product to room temperature in air;
the depth of a nitride layer of the semi-finished plunger is more than or equal to 0.5mm, the surface hardness is 1030HV, the depth of the nitride layer is 1000HV when the thickness of the nitride layer is 0.1mm from the surface, the depth of the nitride layer is 930HV when the thickness of the nitride layer is 0.2mm from the surface, the depth of the nitride layer is 840HV when the thickness of the nitride layer is 0.3mm from the surface, the depth of the nitride layer is 530HV when the thickness of the nitride layer is 0.4mm from the surface, the depth of the nitride layer is 420HV when the thickness of the nitride layer is 0.5mm from the surface, the depth of the nitride layer is 0.6 HV when the thickness of the nitride layer is 0.2mm from the surface, the depth of the nitride layer is 0.2 HV when the nitride layer is 0.2mm from the surface, the 0.2mm from the surface is 930HV, the 530HV when the thickness of the nitride layer is 0.4mm from the surface;
(5) and (4) finely grinding the semi-finished plunger to 940HV to obtain the spray-free plunger.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a spraying-free plunger, which comprises the following steps:
(1) turning the 38CrMoAlA material to obtain a plunger matrix;
(2) hardening and tempering the plunger matrix to 420 HV;
(3) performing finish machining on the tempered plunger substrate, wherein the finish machining allowance is 0.07mm, and obtaining a finished semi-finished product;
(4) performing nitriding treatment on the finish-machined semi-finished product to obtain a semi-finished plunger product; wherein, the nitriding treatment conditions are as follows: heating to make furnace temperature at 330 deg.C, introducing ammonia gas at flow rate of 3L/H and furnace pressure of 35mm/H 2 O, keeping the temperature for 2 h; the furnace temperature is increased to 400 ℃, the flow of ammonia gas is adjusted to be 3.5L/H, and the furnace pressure is 35mm/H 2 O, keeping the temperature for 3 hours; raising the furnace temperature to 490 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, adjusting the ammonia gas flow rate to ensure that the ammonia gas decomposition rate is 25 percent, and the furnace pressure is 140mm/H 2 O, keeping the temperature for 21 h; the furnace temperature is raised to 530 ℃, the flow of ammonia is adjusted, the ammonia decomposition rate is 50 percent, and the furnace pressure is 140mm/H 2 O, preserving the heat for 30 hours, then adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the decomposition rate of the ammonia gas is 85 percent, and preserving the heat for 2 hours; stopping heating after heat preservation is finished, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to be 1L/H and the furnace pressure to be 55mm/H 2 O, simultaneously turning on an air cooler to cool; when the furnace temperature is reduced to be less than or equal to 120 ℃, closing ammonia gas, opening a furnace cover, discharging the finished semi-finished product, and cooling the semi-finished product to room temperature in air;
the depth of the nitride layer of the semi-finished plunger is more than or equal to 0.5mm, the surface hardness is 1020HV, the depth of the nitride layer from the surface is 990HV when the depth of the nitride layer is 0.1mm, the depth of the nitride layer from the surface is 910HV when the nitride layer from the surface is 0.2mm, the depth of the nitride layer from the surface is 820HV when the nitride layer from the surface is 0.3mm, the depth of the nitride layer from the surface is 490HV when the nitride layer from the surface is 0.4mm, the depth of the nitride layer from the surface is 370HV when the nitride layer from the surface is 0.5mm, the depth of the nitride layer from the surface is 250HV when the nitride layer from the surface is 0.4mm, the depth of the nitride layer from the surface is 0.2mm, the distance of the surface is 0.5 HV;
(5) and finely grinding the semi-finished plunger to 945HV to obtain the spray-free plunger.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a spraying-free plunger, which comprises the following steps:
(1) turning the 38CrMoAlA material to obtain a plunger matrix;
(2) hardening and tempering the plunger matrix to 350 HV;
(3) performing finish machining on the quenched and tempered plunger substrate, wherein the finish machining allowance is 0.08mm, and obtaining a finished semi-finished product;
(4) performing nitriding treatment on the finish-machined semi-finished product to obtain a semi-finished plunger product; wherein, the nitriding treatment conditions are as follows: heating to 340 deg.C, introducing ammonia gas at flow rate of 3L/H and furnace pressure of 38mm/H 2 O, keeping the temperature for 2 h; the furnace temperature is increased to 430 ℃, the flow of ammonia gas is adjusted to be 4L/H, and the furnace pressure is 38mm/H 2 O，Preserving the heat for 3 hours; raising the furnace temperature to 495 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the ammonia gas decomposition rate is 25 percent, and the furnace pressure is 160mm/H 2 O, keeping the temperature for 22 h; the furnace temperature is increased to 530 ℃, the flow rate of the ammonia gas is adjusted to ensure that the decomposition rate of the ammonia gas is 55 percent, and the furnace pressure is 160mm/H 2 O, preserving the heat for 30 hours, then adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the decomposition rate of the ammonia gas is 85 percent, and preserving the heat for 2 hours; stopping heating after heat preservation is finished, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to be 1L/H and the furnace pressure to be 60mm/H 2 O, simultaneously turning on an air cooler for cooling; when the furnace temperature is reduced to be less than or equal to 120 ℃, closing ammonia gas, opening a furnace cover, discharging the finished semi-finished product, and cooling the semi-finished product to room temperature in air;
the depth of a nitride layer of the semi-finished plunger is more than or equal to 0.5mm, the surface hardness is 1040HV, 1005HV is 0.1mm from the surface, 920HV is 0.2mm from the surface, 830HV is 0.3mm from the surface, 510HV is 0.4mm from the surface, 400HV is 0.5mm from the surface, and 280HV is 0.6mm from the surface;
(5) and (5) finely grinding the semi-finished plunger to 950HV to obtain the spray-free plunger.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the spray-free plunger is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) turning the 38CrMoAlA material to obtain a plunger matrix;
(2) tempering the plunger matrix to 340-420 HV;
(3) performing finish machining on the tempered plunger substrate to obtain a finished semi-finished product;
(4) performing nitriding treatment on the finish-machined semi-finished product to obtain a semi-finished plunger product; wherein the depth of the nitride layer is more than or equal to 0.5mm, and the surface hardness is more than or equal to 1000 HV;
(5) and finely grinding the semi-finished plunger to 940-950 HV to obtain the spraying-free plunger.
2. The preparation method of the spray-free plunger piston as claimed in claim 1, wherein the allowance of the finish machining in the step (3) is 0.05-0.08 mm.
3. The preparation method of a spray-free plunger according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nitriding conditions in the step (4) are as follows:
heating the furnace to 300-350 ℃, introducing ammonia gas, wherein the flow rate is 3L/H, and the furnace pressure is 35-40 mm/H 2 O, keeping the temperature for 2 h;
raising the furnace temperature to 400-450 ℃, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to 3.5-4L/H, and adjusting the furnace pressure to 35-40 mm/H 2 O, keeping the temperature for 3 hours;
raising the furnace temperature to 480-505 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the ammonia gas decomposition rate is 20-25%, and the furnace pressure is 140-160 mm/H 2 O, preserving the heat for 20-22 h;
raising the furnace temperature to 530 ℃, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the decomposition rate of the ammonia gas is 50-55%, and the furnace pressure is 140-160 mm/H 2 O, preserving the heat for 30 hours, then adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to ensure that the decomposition rate of the ammonia gas is 85 percent, and preserving the heat for 2 hours;
stopping heating after heat preservation is finished, adjusting the flow of ammonia gas to be 1L/H, and adjusting the furnace pressure to be 50-60 mm/H 2 O, simultaneously turning on an air cooler for cooling;
when the furnace temperature is reduced to be less than or equal to 120 ℃, closing ammonia gas, opening a furnace cover, discharging the furnace, and air-cooling to room temperature.
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