CN115093719A - Preparation and application of modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification - Google Patents
Preparation and application of modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification Download PDFInfo
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
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- C08J9/36—After-treatment
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- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/001—Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/001—Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof
- G21F9/002—Decontamination of the surface of objects with chemical or electrochemical processes
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- C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation and application of a modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification, which comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out alkali activation treatment and oxidant oxidation on the bamboo pulp fiber, and then reacting with an amine compound solution to obtain a modified bamboo pulp fiber; dispersing the modified bamboo pulp fibers in an ethyl cellulose solution to form a suspension, transferring the suspension into a template, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel; and carrying out corona polarization on the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel to obtain the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material. The invention adopts natural bamboo pulp fiber as raw material, and has the advantages of rich resources, reproducibility, low cost, degradability and the like; the prepared modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material has certain electricity storage performance, the surface potential value is still higher than 0.22kV after 120 hours, and the purification performance is high. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, low in cost and good in application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of functional polymer materials, in particular to preparation and application of a modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification.
Background
With the rapid increase in global energy demand, nuclear power has attracted widespread attention worldwide based on its advantages of safety, cleanliness, low greenhouse gas emissions, and economic price. However, during nuclear material production, processing, nuclear facility operation and maintenance, and nuclear facility decommissioning, radioactive aerosols may form in the confined space of the workplace. The radioactive aerosol is a colloid dispersion system formed by dispersing and suspending solid or liquid particles containing radioactive nuclides in air or gas phase environment, easily enters a human body through a respiratory system, is difficult to discharge from the human body, and is a main source for causing irradiation harm in workers of a nuclear power plant. Therefore, the method has important significance for effectively solving the problem of radioactive aerosol treatment.
The purification technology of the existing radioactive aerosol can be divided into a dry purification technology and a wet purification technology, wherein the dry purification technology mainly comprises a physical filtration method and an electrostatic trapping method; the wet purification technology mainly comprises methods of bubbling washing, atomization fixing, pressurized dissolved air floatation, oxidation electric field trapping and the like. The traditional physical filtration of fiber filter paper has the advantages of high purification efficiency, mature technology, low raw material cost and the like, but the high filtration efficiency is usually accompanied by larger air resistance, the filter paper material is fragile and not suitable for the working condition with higher humidity, and meanwhile, the used filter medium (the fiber filter paper) can generate a large amount of radioactive solid waste; the metal fiber high-efficiency filter obviously improves the strength, acid and alkali resistance of the filter material, can be used for many times, but has higher cost and cannot be used in large quantity; the dry electrostatic trapping technology has high energy consumption and low efficiency and needs to be further optimized and improved; the technology for treating the radioactive aerosol by the wet method has the characteristics of small radioactive solid waste generation amount, long service life and the like, but the wet method technology usually needs to introduce external power, has a complex system, low technical maturity and few engineering application cases, and needs to carry out deeper research. However, if the electrostatic trapping technique can be combined with conventional filtration techniques, even if the fiber surface carries an electric charge, the fiber bulk density can be reduced without affecting the filtration efficiency by virtue of the synergistic effect of mechanical entrapment and electrostatic trapping of the fibers, thereby reducing the pressure differential and reducing the formation of radioactive solid waste. The material for capturing the aerosol by utilizing the electrostatic action of the fiber is called as an electret filter material, and is mainly applied to the field of non-emptying gas purification at present due to high efficiency, low resistance, antibacterial property and the like. Therefore, the electret fiber material developed for radioactive aerosol purification in a closed space range such as a workplace and the like has wide application prospect.
At present, the electret material is mainly prepared from petroleum-based high polymer materials which are difficult to biodegrade, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyethylene glycol, as raw materials, and becomes a secondary pollutant after replacement. Therefore, the development of an electret fiber material with economic benefits and environmental friendliness has wide application prospects.
The bamboo pulp fiber is a natural cellulose fiber, has the advantages of rich resources, renewability, low cost, degradability and the like, is an ideal bio-based electret candidate material, but the bamboo pulp fiber is poor in charge storage stability and aerosol purification performance, so that the bamboo pulp fiber needs to be modified, but the modified bamboo pulp fiber is small in length and diameter, the formed fiber aerogel is low in strength, and no relevant report is provided in the prior art for preparing the electret material from the modified bamboo pulp fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification, comprising the steps of:
step one, sequentially carrying out alkali activation treatment and oxidant oxidation on bamboo pulp fibers, and then reacting with an amine compound solution to obtain modified bamboo pulp fibers;
dispersing the modified bamboo pulp fibers in an ethyl cellulose solution to form a suspension, transferring the suspension into a template, and performing freeze drying to obtain the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel;
and step three, performing corona polarization on the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel to obtain the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material.
Preferably, in the step one, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the bamboo pulp fiber and the alkali solution adopted in the alkali activation treatment process is 1g: 30-60 mL, the alkali solution is any one of a sodium hydroxide solution and a potassium hydroxide solution, the mass concentration of the alkali solution is 5-25%, the temperature of the alkali activation treatment is-5 to-12 ℃, and the activation time is 0.5-5 h.
Preferably, in the first step, the oxidizing agent is sodium periodate solution; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the bamboo pulp fiber to the sodium periodate solution is 1g: 50-100 mL; the concentration of the sodium periodate solution is 0.5-2.5 w/v%, the oxidation temperature is 30-50 ℃, and the oxidation time is 10-22 h.
Preferably, in the first step, the amine compound solution is any one of a p-phenylenediamine solution and a melamine solution; the solid-liquid ratio of the bamboo pulp fiber to the amine compound solution is 1g: 30-70 mL, the concentration of the amine compound solution is 0.1-2 w/v%, the reaction temperature is 50-90 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-3 h.
Preferably, in the second step, the solvent of the ethyl cellulose solution is one of tert-butyl alcohol, ethanol and water or a mixed solution thereof.
Preferably, in the second step, the modified bamboo pulp fiber is dispersed in the ethyl cellulose solution, and then the ethyl cellulose solution is added into a vacuum packaging bag for vacuum packaging, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled to be 0.1 MPa; putting the vacuum packaging bag into high static pressure treatment equipment, sealing a pressurizing cavity, and pressurizing to perform high static pressure treatment to obtain a suspension; the parameters of the high hydrostatic pressure treatment were: raising the pressure to 450-500 MPa at a pressure raising speed of 2-5 MPa/s, and carrying out pressure maintaining treatment at normal temperature for 30-45 min; the vacuum packaging bag is a nylon-polyethylene composite bag.
Preferably, in the second step, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the modified bamboo pulp fiber to the ethyl cellulose solution is 1g: 50-100 mL, and the concentration of the ethyl cellulose solution is 0.5-2 w/v%.
Preferably, in the second step, the template is made of plastic or stainless steel; the temperature of freeze drying is-56 to-60 ℃, and the time of freeze drying is 24 to 48 hours.
Preferably, in the third step, the conditions of corona polarization are as follows: the polarization voltage is 5-15 kV, the needle-plate distance is 2-3 cm, the polarization time is 5-30 min, the polarization temperature is 15-35 ℃, and the polarization air humidity is 15-40% RH.
The invention also provides application of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared by the preparation method in radioactive aerosol purification, which is characterized in that the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material is placed in an environment containing radioactive aerosol to realize the purification of the radioactive aerosol.
According to the invention, functional groups (such as heteroatom-containing cyclic compounds, conjugated cyclic compounds and the like) which are easy to capture charges are introduced into the molecular chains of the bamboo pulp fibers, so that the charge storage density and the charge storage stability of the bamboo pulp fibers can be improved, the electret performance and the aerosol purification performance are improved, and meanwhile, the functional groups are dispersed in the ethyl cellulose solution, so that the mechanical strength of the fiber aerogel is improved.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
(1) the material adopted by the invention is a biomass high polymer material (bamboo pulp fiber and ethyl cellulose), and has the advantages of low cost, biodegradability and the like.
(2) The modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared by the method has certain electricity storage performance, the surface potential of the electret film is tested by adopting an FMX-003 type potentiometer, the surface potential value is still higher than 0.22kV after 120 hours, and the purification performance is high.
(3) The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, low in cost and good in application prospect.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the surface potential decay of a modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared in examples 1,6 and 8 of the present invention and an unmodified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the surface potential decay of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret materials prepared in examples 2 and 7 of the present invention and the unmodified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the surface potential decay of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret materials prepared in examples 8 and 9 of the present invention and the unmodified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph of pressure drop of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared by the invention at different wind speeds;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a device for testing purification performance of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pressure drop test according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a corona polarization apparatus of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
The method for measuring the air purification performance of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material comprises the following steps: the test chamber size was 70 x 45 x 50cm, and the initial mass concentration of R-PM2.5 was controlled at 999ug/m by fresh air dilution using a smoke sheet to simulate a radioactive aerosol (R-PM2.5) 3 (ii) a Replacing a filter membrane in an air purifier (Philips CP50, placed in a test box) with a self-made modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for capturing R-PM2.5, and simultaneously adopting an air quality detector (AirNow, placed in the test box) for detecting the mass concentration of R-PM 2.5; the purification efficiency η t of R-PM2.5 is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: c 0 : concentration of particulate matter in air before purification, ug/m 3 ；C t : when the purification time is t, the concentration of the particulate matters in the air is ug/m 3 ；
The pressure drop was measured by a differential pressure gauge (SDMN6) and the principle of measurement is shown in FIG. 6. The air flow rate is controlled by a flowmeter, and the pressure drop of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material with the diameter of 4cm under different air flow rates is measured.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 1g of bamboo pulp fiber into a beaker filled with 50mL of 5% sodium hydroxide solution by mass concentration, placing the beaker in a low-temperature refrigerator at-12 ℃ for activation treatment for 0.5h, washing and filtering the beaker by deionized water, transferring the filter to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the filter to constant weight to obtain activated bamboo pulp fiber; adding 1g of activated bamboo pulp fiber into a conical flask containing 100mL of 1.5 w/v% sodium periodate solution, placing the conical flask in a constant-temperature oscillator at 50 ℃ for light-shielding reaction for 18h, washing and filtering the conical flask by deionized water, transferring the conical flask to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the conical flask to constant weight to obtain dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber; adding 2g of dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber into a preservation box containing 100mL of 0.49 w/v% p-phenylenediamine solution, transferring the solution into a 50 ℃ oven for reaction for 2h, washing and filtering the solution by deionized water, transferring the solution into a 50 ℃ oven, and drying the solution to constant weight to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber;
dispersing 2g of modified bamboo pulp fiber in 100mL of tert-butyl alcohol solution of ethyl cellulose with the concentration of 0.5 w/v% to form suspension, transferring the suspension into a plastic box, and drying for 24 hours in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-56 ℃ to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel;
performing corona polarization on the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel to obtain a bamboo pulp fiber electret membrane, wherein the polarization voltage is 10kV, the needle-plate distance is 2cm, the polarization time is 10min, the polarization temperature is 25 ℃, and the polarization air humidity is 30% RH;
the surface potential of the bamboo pulp fiber electret film prepared in the embodiment is 0.22kV after 120 h; radioactive aerosol (R-PM2.5) with particle size less than or equal to 2.5um is measured with FMX-003 potentiometer from 999ug/m 3 Reduced to 10ug/m 3 The required purge time was 18 min.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 1g of bamboo pulp fiber into a beaker filled with 50mL of 10% sodium hydroxide solution by mass concentration, placing the beaker in a low-temperature refrigerator at-12 ℃ for activation treatment for 0.5h, washing and filtering the beaker by deionized water, transferring the filter to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the filter to constant weight to obtain activated bamboo pulp fiber; adding 1g of activated bamboo pulp fiber into a conical flask containing 100mL of 1.5 w/v% sodium periodate solution, placing the conical flask in a constant-temperature oscillator at 50 ℃ for light-shielding reaction for 18h, washing and filtering the conical flask by deionized water, transferring the conical flask to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the conical flask to constant weight to obtain dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber; adding 2g of dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber into a preservation box containing 100mL of 0.55 w/v% p-phenylenediamine solution, transferring the solution into a 50 ℃ oven for reaction for 2h, washing and filtering the solution by deionized water, transferring the solution into a 50 ℃ oven, and drying the solution to constant weight to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber;
dispersing 2g of modified bamboo pulp fiber in 100mL of tert-butyl alcohol solution of ethyl cellulose with the concentration of 0.5 w/v% to form suspension, transferring the suspension into a plastic box, and drying for 24 hours in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-56 ℃ to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel;
and step three, carrying out corona polarization on the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel, wherein the polarization voltage is 10kV, the needle-plate distance is 2cm, the polarization time is 10min, the polarization temperature is 25 ℃, and the polarization air humidity is 30% RH.
The surface potential of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared in the embodiment is 0.25kV after 120h, and R-PM2.5 is from 999ug/m 3 Reduced to 10ug/m 3 The required purification time is 18 min;
example 3:
a preparation method of a modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 1g of bamboo pulp fiber into a beaker filled with 50mL of 15% sodium hydroxide solution by mass concentration, placing the beaker in a low-temperature refrigerator at the temperature of-12 ℃ for activation treatment for 0.5h, washing and filtering the beaker by deionized water, transferring the filter to an oven at the temperature of 50 ℃ and drying the filter to constant weight to obtain activated bamboo pulp fiber; adding 1g of activated bamboo pulp fiber into a conical flask containing 100mL of 1.5 w/v% sodium periodate solution, placing the conical flask in a constant-temperature oscillator at 50 ℃ for light-shielding reaction for 18h, washing and filtering the conical flask by deionized water, transferring the conical flask to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the conical flask to constant weight to obtain dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber; adding 2g of dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber into a preservation box containing 100mL of 0.63 w/v% p-phenylenediamine solution, transferring the solution into a 50 ℃ oven for reaction for 2h, washing and filtering the solution by deionized water, transferring the solution into a 50 ℃ oven, and drying the solution to constant weight to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber;
dispersing 2g of modified bamboo pulp fiber in 100mL of tert-butyl alcohol solution of ethyl cellulose with the concentration of 0.5 w/v% to form suspension, transferring the suspension into a plastic box, and drying for 24 hours in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-56 ℃ to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel;
and step three, carrying out corona polarization on the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel, wherein the polarization voltage is 10kV, the needle-plate distance is 2cm, the polarization time is 10min, the polarization temperature is 25 ℃, and the polarization air humidity is 30% RH.
The surface potential of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared in the embodiment is 0.27kV after 120h, and R-PM2.5 is from 999ug/m 3 Reduced to 10ug/m 3 The required purification time is 17 min;
example 4:
a preparation method of a modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 1g of bamboo pulp fibers into a beaker filled with 50mL of 20% sodium hydroxide solution, placing the beaker in a low-temperature refrigerator at the temperature of-12 ℃ for activation treatment for 0.5h, washing and filtering the bamboo pulp fibers by deionized water, transferring the bamboo pulp fibers into an oven at the temperature of 50 ℃ and drying the bamboo pulp fibers to constant weight to obtain activated bamboo pulp fibers; adding 1g of activated bamboo pulp fiber into a conical flask containing 100ml of 1.5 w/v% sodium periodate solution, placing the conical flask in a constant-temperature oscillator at 50 ℃ for light-shielding reaction for 18 hours, washing and filtering the conical flask by deionized water, transferring the conical flask to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the conical flask to constant weight to obtain dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber; adding 2g of dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber into a preservation box containing 100mL of 0.70 w/v% p-phenylenediamine solution, transferring the solution into a 50 ℃ oven for reaction for 2h, washing and filtering the solution by deionized water, transferring the solution into a 50 ℃ oven, and drying the solution to constant weight to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber;
dispersing 2g of modified bamboo pulp fiber in 100mL of tert-butyl alcohol solution of ethyl cellulose with the concentration of 0.5 w/v% to form suspension, transferring the suspension into a plastic box, and drying for 24 hours in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-56 ℃ to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel;
and step three, carrying out corona polarization on the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel, wherein the polarization voltage is 10kV, the needle-plate distance is 2cm, the polarization time is 10min, the polarization temperature is 25 ℃, and the polarization air humidity is 30% RH.
Table of modified bamboo pulp fiber electret Material obtained by the preparation of this exampleThe surface potential is 0.29kV after 120h, and R-PM2.5 is from 999ug/m 3 Reduced to 10ug/m 3 The required purification time is 17 min;
example 5:
a preparation method of a modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 1g of bamboo pulp fiber into a beaker filled with 50mL of 25% sodium hydroxide solution by mass concentration, placing the beaker in a low-temperature refrigerator at-12 ℃ for activation treatment for 0.5h, washing and filtering the beaker by deionized water, transferring the filter to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the filter to constant weight to obtain activated bamboo pulp fiber; adding 1g of activated bamboo pulp fiber into a conical flask containing 100mL of 1.5 w/v% sodium periodate solution, placing the conical flask in a constant-temperature oscillator at 50 ℃ for light-shielding reaction for 18h, washing and filtering the conical flask by deionized water, transferring the conical flask to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the conical flask to constant weight to obtain dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber; adding 2g of dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber into a preservation box containing 100mL of 0.66 w/v% p-phenylenediamine solution, transferring the solution into a 50 ℃ oven for reaction for 2 hours, washing and filtering with deionized water, transferring the mixture into the 50 ℃ oven for drying until the weight is constant, and obtaining modified bamboo pulp fiber;
dispersing 2g of modified bamboo pulp fiber in 100mL of tert-butyl alcohol solution of ethyl cellulose with the concentration of 0.5 w/v% to form suspension, transferring the suspension into a plastic box, and drying for 24 hours in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-56 ℃ to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel;
and step three, carrying out corona polarization on the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel, wherein the polarization voltage is 10kV, the needle-plate distance is 2cm, the polarization time is 10min, the polarization temperature is 25 ℃, and the polarization air humidity is 30% RH.
The surface potential of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared in the embodiment is 0.23kV after 120h, and R-PM2.5 is from 999ug/m 3 Reduced to 10ug/m 3 The required purification time is 18 min;
example 6:
a preparation method of a modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 1g of bamboo pulp fiber into a beaker filled with 50mL of 20% sodium hydroxide solution by mass concentration, placing the beaker in a low-temperature refrigerator at-12 ℃ for activation treatment for 1h, washing and filtering the beaker by deionized water, transferring the filter to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the filter to constant weight to obtain activated bamboo pulp fiber; adding 1g of activated bamboo pulp fiber into a conical flask containing 100mL of 1.5 w/v% sodium periodate solution, placing the conical flask in a constant-temperature oscillator at 50 ℃ for light-shielding reaction for 18h, washing and filtering the conical flask by deionized water, transferring the conical flask to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the conical flask to constant weight to obtain dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber; adding 2g of dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber into a preservation box containing 100mL of 0.85 w/v% p-phenylenediamine solution, transferring the solution into a 50 ℃ oven for reaction for 2 hours, washing and filtering with deionized water, transferring the mixture into the 50 ℃ oven for drying until the weight is constant, and obtaining modified bamboo pulp fiber;
dispersing 2g of modified bamboo pulp fiber in 100mL of tert-butyl alcohol solution of ethyl cellulose with the concentration of 0.5 w/v% to form suspension, transferring the suspension into a plastic box, and drying for 24 hours in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-56 ℃ to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel;
and step three, performing corona polarization on the bamboo pulp fiber membrane, wherein the polarization voltage is 10kV, the needle-plate distance is 2cm, the polarization time is 10min, the polarization temperature is 25 ℃, and the polarization air humidity is 30% RH.
The surface potential of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared in the embodiment is 0.30kV after 120h, and R-PM2.5 is from 999ug/m 3 Reduced to 10ug/m 3 The required purification time is 16 min;
example 7:
a preparation method of a modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 1g of bamboo pulp fibers into a beaker filled with 50mL of 20% sodium hydroxide solution in mass concentration, placing the beaker in a low-temperature refrigerator at the temperature of-12 ℃ for activation treatment for 1h, washing and filtering the bamboo pulp fibers by deionized water, and transferring the bamboo pulp fibers into an oven at the temperature of 50 ℃ for drying until the weight of the bamboo pulp fibers is constant to obtain activated bamboo pulp fibers; adding 1g of activated bamboo pulp fiber into a conical flask containing 100mL of 1.5 w/v% sodium periodate solution, placing the conical flask in a constant-temperature oscillator at 50 ℃ for light-shielding reaction for 18h, washing and filtering the conical flask by deionized water, transferring the conical flask to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the conical flask to constant weight to obtain dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber; adding 2g of dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber into a preservation box containing 100mL of 1.14 w/v% p-phenylenediamine solution, transferring the solution into a 50 ℃ oven for reaction for 2h, washing and filtering the solution by deionized water, transferring the solution into a 50 ℃ oven, and drying the solution to constant weight to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber;
dispersing 2g of modified bamboo pulp fiber in 100ml of 0.5 w/v% ethyl cellulose tert-butyl alcohol solution to form a suspension, transferring the suspension into a plastic box, and drying for 24 hours in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-56 ℃ to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel;
and step three, carrying out corona polarization on the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel, wherein the polarization voltage is 10kV, the needle-plate distance is 2cm, the polarization time is 10min, the polarization temperature is 25 ℃, and the polarization air humidity is 30% RH.
The surface potential of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared in the embodiment is 0.32kV after 120h, and R-PM2.5 is from 999ug/m 3 Reduced to 10ug/m 3 The required purification time is 16 min;
example 8:
a preparation method of a modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 1g of bamboo pulp fiber into a beaker filled with 50mL of 20% sodium hydroxide solution by mass concentration, placing the beaker in a low-temperature refrigerator at-12 ℃ for activation treatment for 1h, washing and filtering the beaker by deionized water, transferring the filter to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the filter to constant weight to obtain activated bamboo pulp fiber; adding 1g of activated bamboo pulp fiber into a conical flask containing 100mL of 1.5 w/v% sodium periodate solution, placing the conical flask in a constant-temperature oscillator at 50 ℃ for light-shielding reaction for 18h, washing and filtering the conical flask by deionized water, transferring the conical flask to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the conical flask to constant weight to obtain dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber; adding 2g of dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber into a preservation box containing 100ml of p-phenylenediamine solution with the concentration of 1.42 w/v%, transferring the solution into a 50 ℃ oven for reaction for 2h, washing and filtering the solution by using deionized water, transferring the solution into the 50 ℃ oven, and drying the solution to constant weight to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber;
dispersing 2g of modified bamboo pulp fiber in 100mL of tert-butyl alcohol solution of ethyl cellulose with the concentration of 0.5 w/v% to form suspension, transferring the suspension into a plastic box, and drying for 24 hours in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-56 ℃ to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel;
and step three, carrying out corona polarization on the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel, wherein the polarization voltage is 10kV, the needle-plate distance is 2cm, the polarization time is 10min, the polarization temperature is 25 ℃, and the polarization air humidity is 30% RH.
The surface potential of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared in the embodiment is 0.36kV after 120h, and R-PM2.5 is from 999ug/m 3 Reduced to 10ug/m 3 The required purification time is 15 min;
example 9:
a preparation method of a modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 1g of bamboo pulp fiber into a beaker filled with 50mL of 20% sodium hydroxide solution by mass concentration, placing the beaker in a low-temperature refrigerator at-12 ℃ for activation treatment for 1h, washing and filtering the beaker by deionized water, transferring the filter to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the filter to constant weight to obtain activated bamboo pulp fiber; adding 1g of activated bamboo pulp fiber into a conical flask containing 100mL of 1.5 w/v% sodium periodate solution, placing the conical flask in a constant-temperature oscillator at 50 ℃ for light-shielding reaction for 18h, washing and filtering the conical flask by deionized water, transferring the conical flask to an oven at 50 ℃ and drying the conical flask to constant weight to obtain dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber; adding 2g of dialdehyde bamboo pulp fiber into a preservation box containing 100ml of p-phenylenediamine solution with the concentration of 1.42 w/v%, transferring the solution into a 50 ℃ oven for reaction for 2h, washing and filtering the solution by using deionized water, transferring the solution into the 50 ℃ oven, and drying the solution to constant weight to obtain modified bamboo pulp fiber;
dispersing 2g of modified bamboo pulp fibers in 100mL of tert-butyl alcohol solution of ethyl cellulose with the concentration of 0.5 w/v%, and then adding the solution into a vacuum packaging bag for vacuum packaging, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled to be 0.1 MPa; putting the vacuum packaging bag into high static pressure treatment equipment, sealing a pressurizing cavity, and pressurizing to perform high static pressure treatment to obtain a suspension; transferring the obtained product into a plastic box, and drying the obtained product in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-56 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel; the parameters of the high hydrostatic pressure treatment were: increasing the pressure to 450MPa at the pressure increasing speed of 5MPa/s, and maintaining the pressure at normal temperature for 30 min; the vacuum packaging bag is a nylon-polyethylene composite bag;
and step three, carrying out corona polarization on the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel, wherein the polarization voltage is 10kV, the needle-plate distance is 2cm, the polarization time is 10min, the polarization temperature is 25 ℃, and the polarization air humidity is 30% RH.
The surface potential of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared in the embodiment is 0.42kV after 120h, and R-PM2.5 is from 999ug/m 3 Reduced to 10ug/m 3 The required purification time is 10 min;
comparative example 1:
a preparation method of a bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification comprises the following steps:
step one, dispersing 2g of bamboo pulp fibers in 100mL of a 0.5 w/v% tertiary butanol solution of ethyl cellulose to form a suspension, transferring the suspension into a plastic box, and drying for 24 hours in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-56 ℃ to obtain the bamboo pulp fiber aerogel;
and step two, carrying out corona polarization on the bamboo pulp fiber aerogel, wherein the polarization voltage is 10kV, the needle-plate distance is 2cm, the polarization time is 10min, the polarization temperature is 25 ℃, and the polarization air humidity is 30% RH.
The surface potential of the bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared in the embodiment is 0.00kV after 0.5h, and R-PM2.5 is from 999ug/m 3 Reduced to 10ug/m 3 The required purification time is 25 min;
the pressure drop is an important index of the air filter material, and the lower the pressure drop and the lower the air resistance, the lower the energy consumption, and the higher the energy consumption otherwise. The modified bamboo pulp fiber electret materials prepared in examples 1,2,6,7,8 and the unmodified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared in comparative example 1 were subjected to pressure drop tests at a range of wind speeds between 100L/h and 500L/h. It can be seen from fig. 4 that the pressure drop increases linearly with increasing flow velocity, since the high reynolds number of the high velocity gas flow velocity leads to a reduced "slip effect" of the fibres. It can also be seen from the figure that the pressure drop of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material is lower when the wind speed is 350L/h (i.e. 5.3cm/s), and is not more than 100Pa, which is far lower than the maximum limit value 320Pa in the NIOSH standard.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, sequentially carrying out alkali activation treatment and oxidant oxidation on bamboo pulp fibers, and then reacting with an amine compound solution to obtain modified bamboo pulp fibers;
dispersing the modified bamboo pulp fibers in an ethyl cellulose solution to form a suspension, transferring the suspension into a template, and performing freeze drying to obtain the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel;
and step three, performing corona polarization on the modified bamboo pulp fiber aerogel to obtain the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material.
2. The preparation method of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the bamboo pulp fiber and the alkali solution adopted in the alkali activation treatment process is 1g: 30-60 mL, the alkali solution is any one of sodium hydroxide solution and potassium hydroxide solution, the mass concentration of the alkali solution is 5-25%, the temperature of the alkali activation treatment is-5 to-12 ℃, and the activation time is 0.5-5 h.
3. The method for preparing the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the oxidizing agent is sodium periodate solution; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the bamboo pulp fiber to the sodium periodate solution is 1g: 50-100 mL; the concentration of the sodium periodate solution is 0.5-2.5 w/v%, the oxidation temperature is 30-50 ℃, and the oxidation time is 10-22 h.
4. The method for preparing the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the amine compound solution is any one of a p-phenylenediamine solution and a melamine solution; the solid-liquid ratio of the bamboo pulp fiber to the amine compound solution is 1g: 30-70 mL, the concentration of the amine compound solution is 0.1-2 w/v%, the reaction temperature is 50-90 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-3 h.
5. The method for preparing the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the solvent of the ethyl cellulose solution is one of tert-butyl alcohol, ethanol and water or a mixed solution thereof.
6. The method for preparing the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the modified bamboo pulp fiber is dispersed in ethyl cellulose solution, and then is added into a vacuum packaging bag for vacuum packaging, and the vacuum degree is controlled to be 0.1 MPa; putting the vacuum packaging bag into high static pressure treatment equipment, sealing a pressurizing cavity, and pressurizing to perform high static pressure treatment to obtain a suspension; the parameters of the high hydrostatic pressure treatment were: raising the pressure to 450-500 MPa at the pressure raising speed of 2-5 MPa/s, and carrying out pressure maintaining treatment at normal temperature for 30-45 min; the vacuum packaging bag is a nylon-polyethylene composite bag.
7. The method for preparing the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification of claim 1, wherein in the second step, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the modified bamboo pulp fiber to the ethyl cellulose solution is 1g: 50-100 mL, and the concentration of the ethyl cellulose solution is 0.5-2 w/v%.
8. The method for preparing the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the template is made of plastic or stainless steel; the temperature of freeze drying is-56 to-60 ℃, and the time of freeze drying is 24 to 48 hours.
9. The method for preparing the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material for radioactive aerosol purification according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the corona polarization condition is as follows: the polarization voltage is 5-15 kV, the needle-plate distance is 2-3 cm, the polarization time is 5-30 min, the polarization temperature is 15-35 ℃, and the polarization air humidity is 15-40% RH.
10. The application of the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-9 in radioactive aerosol purification is characterized in that the modified bamboo pulp fiber electret material is placed in an environment containing radioactive aerosol to realize the radioactive aerosol purification.
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