CN115091819B - Fiber metal laminate with embedded optical fiber sensor and forming and curing integrated method thereof - Google Patents

Fiber metal laminate with embedded optical fiber sensor and forming and curing integrated method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115091819B
CN115091819B CN202210730716.1A CN202210730716A CN115091819B CN 115091819 B CN115091819 B CN 115091819B CN 202210730716 A CN202210730716 A CN 202210730716A CN 115091819 B CN115091819 B CN 115091819B
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fiber
pressure
optical fiber
layer
top end
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CN115091819A (en
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郎利辉
闫东东
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Beihang University
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Beihang University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
    • B32B38/1858—Handling of layers or the laminate using vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40—Weight reduction

Abstract

The invention discloses a fiber metal laminate with an embedded optical fiber sensor and a forming and curing integrated method thereof, wherein the fiber metal laminate comprises the following components: the plate body is internally provided with a pressure bearing layer and an optical fiber sensor, and the optical fiber sensor is positioned in the pressure bearing layer. Due to the arrangement of the pressure bearing layer, in the forming process, the damage to the optical fiber sensor caused by the blank holder force and the forming pressure can be reduced, the qualification rate of the component is improved, and the high-precision, high-efficiency and high-quality forming of the fiber metal laminate of the embedded optical fiber sensor and the low-damage integrated forming of the optical fiber sensor are realized.

Description

Fiber metal laminate with embedded optical fiber sensor and forming and curing integrated method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material structures and forming, in particular to a fiber metal laminate with an embedded optical fiber sensor and a forming and curing integrated method thereof.
Background
The fiber metal laminate is widely applied to key parts of aviation and aerospace aircrafts due to the advantages of fatigue resistance, light weight and strong designability, however, the fiber metal laminate component is easy to cause damage of layered cracking between fibers and metal layers under complex working conditions or under the action of impact load, the layered cracking between the layers belongs to internal damage of composite materials, inspectors are difficult to observe, and the nondestructive testing technology is time-consuming and labor-consuming. The embedded optical fiber sensor in the fiber metal laminate can realize real-time monitoring of the internal damage state, and the optical fiber sensor has the advantages of light weight, high efficiency, long service life and strong anti-interference capability and is widely applied to the fields of aviation and aerospace, so that the embedded optical fiber sensor in the fiber metal laminate can monitor damage in real time and is receiving wide attention of researchers.
At present, the forming process of the fiber metal laminate mainly aims at small-curvature simple components, and mainly adopts manual paving and forming, and the curing mainly adopts modes of vacuum bag curing, autoclave curing and the like. The vacuum bag curing process has small curing pressure, low bonding strength between fiber metal laminate layers and more internal defects of the component; although the autoclave curing process has the advantage of high forming pressure, a large amount of manual work is needed for paving and forming, and the problems of low production efficiency of components, inaccurate positioning of optical fiber sensors during forming of complex components and poor performance consistency of the components exist. Meanwhile, because the optical fiber sensor is very fragile, the existing embedded optical fiber sensor composite material easily causes the breakage of the input end and the output end of the optical fiber sensor in the forming and curing process to cause the failure of the optical fiber sensor.
The flexible heat medium forming and curing integrated technology adopts a fiber metal laminate preform forming mode, and has the advantages of less manual intervention, forming of complex components and guarantee of performance consistency of the components. But the binder force is required during the flexible heat medium forming process, the large forming load easily causes damage to the optical fiber sensor.
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a fiber metal laminate with embedded optical fiber sensor and a method for integrating the fiber metal laminate with the fiber sensor by molding and curing, which can reduce the damage of the optical fiber sensor, prolong the service life of the optical fiber sensor, and improve the molding quality and efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a fiber metal laminate with an embedded optical fiber sensor and a forming and curing integration method thereof, which can reduce damage to the optical fiber sensor, prolong the service life of the optical fiber sensor, and improve the forming quality and efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
fiber metal laminate of embedded fiber optic sensor includes: the plate comprises a plate body, wherein a pressure bearing layer and an optical fiber sensor are arranged in the plate body, and the optical fiber sensor is positioned in the pressure bearing layer.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses the fiber metal laminate with the embedded optical fiber sensor, wherein the bearing layer is arranged, so that the damage to the optical fiber sensor caused by the blank holder force and the forming pressure can be reduced in the forming process, the qualification rate of a component is improved, and the high-precision, high-efficiency and high-quality forming of the fiber metal laminate with the embedded optical fiber sensor and the low-damage integrated forming of the optical fiber sensor are realized.
Further, the plate body includes: a first metal plate, a second metal plate, a first fiber prepreg layer, a second fiber prepreg layer and two pressure-bearing protective layers,
the pressure-bearing layer is laid on the top end face of the first metal plate, and accommodating holes are formed in the pressure-bearing layer;
the first fiber prepreg layer is placed in the containing hole and is paved on the top end face of the first metal plate;
the probe part of the optical fiber sensor is paved and attached to the top end surface of the first fiber prepreg layer;
the two pressure-bearing protective layers are paved on the top end face of the first fiber prepreg layer and are respectively positioned on two sides of the probe part of the optical fiber sensor;
the second fiber prepreg layer is arranged in the accommodating hole and is paved on the top end face of the first fiber prepreg layer, and the top end face of the second fiber prepreg layer is flush with or lower than the top end face of the pressure-bearing layer;
and the second metal plate is paved and attached on the top end faces of the second fiber prepreg layer and the pressure bearing layer, or the second metal plate is paved and attached on the top end face of the pressure bearing layer.
The beneficial effect that adopts above-mentioned technical scheme to produce is that, two pressure-bearing protective layers can further reduce because blank holder force and forming pressure to the damage of optical fiber sensor, prolong optical fiber sensor's life.
Further, the thickness of the pressure bearing layer is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the first fiber prepreg layer and the second fiber prepreg layer; the thickness of the pressure-bearing protective layer is larger than or equal to the diameter of the optical fiber sensor.
The technical scheme has the advantages that most of the blank pressing force and the forming pressure are favorably acted on the bearing layer and the bearing protective layer, so that the blank pressing force and the forming pressure borne by the optical fiber sensor are greatly reduced, and the problem that the optical fiber sensor is easily damaged due to large forming load is avoided; in addition, the existence of the bearing layer in the forming process can ensure that the fiber prepreg and the optical fiber sensor generate relative sliding between layers, and the forming of a complex structure is facilitated.
Furthermore, an optical fiber outlet used for enabling the tail fiber of the optical fiber sensor to penetrate out is formed in the pressure bearing layer.
Furthermore, a protective sleeve is sleeved on the tail fiber of the optical fiber sensor, and the protective sleeve is bonded and fixed with the optical fiber outlet.
The beneficial effects that adopt above-mentioned technical scheme to produce are, the difficult rupture of the tail optical fiber of protection optical fiber sensor at optic fibre exit improves optical fiber sensor's life.
Furthermore, the material of the protective sleeve is one of metal, resin material or rubber material.
Furthermore, the first metal plate and the second metal plate are made of the same material as the pressure-bearing layer, and the material of the first metal plate and the second metal plate is one or a combination of any several of aluminum alloy plate, steel plate, titanium alloy plate and magnesium alloy plate.
Furthermore, the first fiber prepreg layer and the second fiber prepreg layer are made of the same material as that of the pressure-bearing protective layer, and the material of the first fiber prepreg layer and the second fiber prepreg layer is one of unidirectional fiber cloth and woven fiber cloth or a combination of any several of the unidirectional fiber cloth and the woven fiber cloth.
The invention provides a forming and curing integrated method of a fiber metal laminate of an embedded optical fiber sensor, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: cutting out the first metal plate and the second metal plate with the same size according to the size of a blank, and cutting out the first fiber prepreg layer and the second fiber prepreg layer with the same size according to the size of a single side reduced by 10mm of the first metal plate;
step S2: after the center of the first fiber prepreg layer is aligned with the center of the first metal plate, the first fiber prepreg layer is paved on the top end face of the first metal plate;
and step S3: cutting the pressure-bearing layer according to the size that the outer boundary is aligned with the outer boundary of the first metal plate, cutting the accommodating hole in the middle of the pressure-bearing layer according to the size that the inner boundary is aligned with the outer boundary of the first fiber prepreg layer, aligning the outer boundary of the pressure-bearing layer with the outer boundary of the top end face of the first metal plate, aligning the inner side edge of the accommodating hole with the outer boundary of the first fiber prepreg layer, and then paving the pressure-bearing layer on the top end face of the first metal plate;
and step S4: confirming the paving position of the optical fiber sensor according to monitoring requirements, and paving the probe part of the optical fiber sensor on a preset position of the top end face of the first fiber prepreg layer;
step S5: placing the second fiber prepreg layer in the accommodating hole, paving and pasting the second fiber prepreg layer on the top end face of the first fiber prepreg layer, wherein the top end face of the second fiber prepreg layer is flush with or lower than the top end face of the pressure-bearing layer, and then paving and pasting the second metal plate on the top end faces of the second fiber prepreg layer and the pressure-bearing layer or on the top end face of the pressure-bearing layer, so as to finish paving and pasting of the fiber metal laminate prefabricated body with the embedded optical fiber sensor;
step S6: filling the laid and pasted fiber metal laminate preform with the embedded optical fiber sensor into a vacuum bag, filling a plurality of blank pressing pressure-bearing gap blocks into the outer peripheral side of the fiber metal laminate preform with the embedded optical fiber sensor inside the vacuum bag, inserting a vacuum tube into the vacuum bag, sealing the edge of the vacuum bag by using sealant, starting the vacuum pump, discharging air in the vacuum bag through the vacuum tube, completing vacuum treatment after the air pressure in the vacuum bag reaches 0.2bar, and keeping the vacuum pump in an open state to obtain the fiber metal laminate preform with the vacuum bag;
step S7: heating a forming die by using a heating rod in a heating platform, placing a prefabricated body with the vacuum bag fiber metal laminate on the upper surface of a lower die when the temperature reaches a set temperature, descending the upper die to generate a certain die assembly pressure on the prefabricated body with the vacuum bag fiber metal laminate, starting a high-pressure pump, injecting a flexible heat medium into a liquid chamber of the lower die, starting deformation of the prefabricated body with the vacuum bag fiber metal laminate, exhausting air in the upper die through an exhaust hole, and finishing forming the prefabricated body with the vacuum bag fiber metal laminate when the pressure of the liquid chamber reaches a set value;
step S8: unloading the pressure of the liquid chamber to 1MPa, keeping the die closing state, keeping the heating temperature for 90-120 minutes, stopping heating, naturally cooling the forming die to room temperature, closing the vacuum pump, and finishing curing the fiber metal laminate preform with the vacuum bag;
step S9: releasing pressure and demoulding, namely discharging the flexible medium in the liquid chamber of the lower mould, moving the upper mould to an initial position, taking out the prefabricated body of the fiber metal laminate with the vacuum bag, and removing the vacuum bag and the pressure-bearing layer to obtain the fiber metal laminate with the embedded optical fiber sensor;
and repeating the steps S1-S9 to realize batch forming of the fiber metal laminate of the embedded optical fiber sensor.
Further, in the step S3, after the accommodating hole is cut out, an optical fiber outlet is cut out at a position where the pressure bearing layer intersects with the optical fiber sensor; in the step S4, after the probe portion of the optical fiber sensor is laid on the top end surface of the first fiber prepreg layer, two pressure-bearing protection layers with a thickness greater than or equal to the diameter of the optical fiber sensor are laid on the top end surface of the first metal plate on two sides of the probe portion of the optical fiber sensor, and then the optical fiber sensor is sleeved in a protective sleeve, and the protective sleeve is fixed at the optical fiber outlet by using a setting agent.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the forming and curing integrated method of the fiber metal laminate of the embedded optical fiber sensor is provided, the integrated manufacturing of the fiber metal laminate of the embedded optical fiber sensor is completed through manufacturing of the fiber metal laminate preform of the embedded optical fiber sensor containing the pressure-bearing layer and the pressure-bearing protective layer and forming and curing of the high-pressure flexible heat medium, manual participation is not needed in the forming and curing process, and the forming process and the number of dies are reduced. In addition, due to the existence of the pressure-bearing layer and the pressure-bearing protective layer in the forming process, the damage to the optical fiber sensor caused by the blank holder force and the forming pressure can be reduced, the qualification rate of the component is improved, and the high-precision, high-efficiency and high-quality forming of the fiber metal laminate of the embedded optical fiber sensor and the low-damage integrated forming of the optical fiber sensor are realized. The thickness of the edge pressing pressure bearing gap can be adjusted to control the edge pressing force of the fiber metal laminate, and the damage to the optical fiber sensor caused by large forming load is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is an exploded schematic view of a fiber metal laminate of an embedded optical fiber sensor according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fiber-metal laminate preform with a vacuum bag.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fiber-metal laminate preform with a vacuum bag placed in a forming mold.
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the deformation of a fiber-metal laminate preform with a vacuum bag when a flexible thermal medium is injected.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fiber metal laminate of the embedded optical fiber sensor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the embodiment of the invention discloses a fiber metal laminate with an embedded optical fiber sensor, comprising: the board body is equipped with pressure-bearing layer 2 and optical fiber sensor 4 in the board body, and optical fiber sensor 4 is located pressure-bearing layer 2.
The plate body includes: a first metal plate 1, a second metal plate 6, a first fiber prepreg layer 3, a second fiber prepreg layer 5 and two pressure-bearing protective layers 7,
the pressure-bearing layer 2 is laid on the top end face of the first metal plate 1, and the pressure-bearing layer 2 is provided with accommodating holes 201;
the first fiber prepreg layer 3 is placed in the accommodating hole 201 and is laid on the top end face of the first metal plate 1;
the probe part of the optical fiber sensor 4 is paved and adhered on the top end surface of the first fiber prepreg layer 3;
the two pressure-bearing protective layers 7 are respectively paved on the top end face of the first fiber prepreg layer 3 and are respectively positioned on two sides of the probe part of the optical fiber sensor 4;
the second fiber prepreg layer 5 is placed in the accommodating hole 201 and is paved on the top end face of the first fiber prepreg layer 3, and the top end face of the second fiber prepreg layer 5 is flush with or lower than the top end face of the pressure-bearing layer 2;
a second metal plate 6 is laid on the top end face of the second fiber prepreg layer 5 and the pressure-bearing layer 2, or the second metal plate 6 is laid on the top end face of the pressure-bearing layer 2.
The thickness of the bearing layer 2 is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the first fiber prepreg layer 3 and the second fiber prepreg layer 5; the thickness of the pressure-bearing protective layer 7 is more than or equal to the diameter of the optical fiber sensor 4.
And an optical fiber outlet 202 for the tail fiber of the optical fiber sensor 4 to pass out is arranged on the pressure bearing layer 2.
The tail fiber of the optical fiber sensor 4 is sleeved with a protective sleeve 8, and the protective sleeve 8 is fixedly bonded with the optical fiber outlet 202.
The material of the protective sleeve 8 is one of metal, resin material or rubber material.
The first metal plate 1 and the second metal plate 6 are made of the same material as the bearing layer 2, and the material is one or a combination of any more of aluminum alloy plate, steel plate, titanium alloy plate and magnesium alloy plate.
The first fiber prepreg layer 3 and the second fiber prepreg layer 5 are made of the same material as the pressure-bearing protective layer 7, and the material is one of unidirectional fiber cloth and woven fiber cloth or a combination of any two of the unidirectional fiber cloth and the woven fiber cloth.
The invention discloses a forming and curing integrated method of a fiber metal laminate of an embedded optical fiber sensor, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: cutting a first metal plate 1 and a second metal plate 6 with the same size according to the size of a blank, and cutting a first fiber prepreg layer 3 and a second fiber prepreg layer 5 with the same size according to the size of reducing the single side of the first metal plate 1 by 10mm, wherein the first metal plate 1 and the second metal plate 6 need to be subjected to surface treatment, and the surface treatment mode comprises acetone surface scrubbing, surface phosphoric acid anodizing and acetone surface scrubbing;
step S2: after aligning the center of the first fiber prepreg layer 3 with the center of the first metal plate 1, paving the first fiber prepreg layer on the top end face of the first metal plate 1;
and step S3: cutting the pressure-bearing layer 2 according to the size that the outer boundary is aligned with the outer boundary of the first metal plate 1, cutting a containing hole 201 in the middle of the pressure-bearing layer 2 according to the size that the inner boundary is aligned with the outer boundary of the first fiber prepreg layer 3, aligning the outer boundary of the pressure-bearing layer 2 with the outer boundary of the top end face of the first metal plate 1, aligning the inner side edge of the containing hole 201 with the outer boundary of the first fiber prepreg layer 3, and then laying the pressure-bearing layer 2 on the top end face of the first metal plate 1;
and step S4: confirming the paving position of the optical fiber sensor 4 according to monitoring requirements, and paving the probe part of the optical fiber sensor 4 on a preset position of the top end face of the first fiber prepreg layer 3;
step S5: placing the second fiber prepreg layer 5 in the accommodating hole 201, and paving and pasting the second fiber prepreg layer 5 on the top end face of the first fiber prepreg layer 3, wherein the top end face of the second fiber prepreg layer 5 is flush with the top end face of the pressure-bearing layer 2 or lower than the top end face of the pressure-bearing layer 2, and then paving and pasting the second metal plate 6 on the top end faces of the second fiber prepreg layer 5 and the pressure-bearing layer 2 or on the top end face of the pressure-bearing layer 2, so as to finish paving and pasting the fiber metal laminate prefabricated body 9 with the embedded optical fiber sensor;
step S6: filling the laid fiber sensor fiber metal laminate prefabricated body 9 with the embedded fiber sensor into a vacuum bag 10, filling a plurality of blank pressing pressure-bearing gap blocks 11 into the vacuum bag 10, inserting a vacuum tube 12 into the vacuum bag 10, sealing the edge of the vacuum bag 10 by using a sealant 13, starting a vacuum pump 14, discharging air in the vacuum bag 10 through the vacuum tube 12, finishing vacuum treatment after the air pressure in the vacuum bag 10 reaches 0.2bar, and keeping the vacuum pump 14 in an opening state to obtain a fiber metal laminate prefabricated body 15 with the vacuum bag;
step S7: heating a forming die 17 by using a heating rod 161 in a heating platform 16, placing a prefabricated body 15 with a vacuum bag fiber metal laminate on the upper surface of a lower die when the temperature reaches a set temperature, descending the upper die to generate a certain die assembly pressure on the prefabricated body 15 with the vacuum bag fiber metal laminate, starting a high-pressure pump 18, injecting a flexible heat medium into a liquid chamber 171 of the lower die, so that the pressure of the liquid chamber 171 is 10-20MPa, at the moment, the prefabricated body 15 with the vacuum bag fiber metal laminate begins to deform, exhausting air in the upper die through an exhaust hole 172, and finishing forming the prefabricated body 15 with the vacuum bag fiber metal laminate when the pressure of the liquid chamber 171 reaches a set value;
step S8: the pressure of the unloading liquid chamber 171 is kept at 1MPa for closing the die, the heating is stopped after the heating temperature is kept for 90-120 minutes, the vacuum pump 14 is closed after the forming die 17 is naturally cooled to the room temperature, and the fiber metal laminate preform 15 with the vacuum bag is cured;
step S9: releasing pressure and demoulding, namely discharging the flexible medium in the lower mould liquid chamber 171, moving the upper mould to an initial position, taking out the prefabricated body 15 with the vacuum bag fiber metal laminate, and removing the vacuum bag and the pressure-bearing layer 2 to obtain the fiber metal laminate 19 with the embedded optical fiber sensor;
and repeating the steps S1-S9 to realize batch forming of the fiber metal laminate 19 of the embedded optical fiber sensor.
In step S3, after the accommodating hole 201 is cut out, an optical fiber outlet 202 is cut out at a position where the pressure-bearing layer 2 and the optical fiber sensor 4 intersect; in step S4, after the probe portion of the optical fiber sensor 4 is laid on the top end surface of the first fiber prepreg layer 3, two pressure-bearing protective layers 7 with a thickness greater than or equal to the diameter of the optical fiber sensor 4 are laid on the top end surface of the first metal plate 1 on both sides of the probe portion of the optical fiber sensor 4, and then the optical fiber sensor 4 is sleeved in the protective sheath 8, and the protective sheath 8 is fixed at the optical fiber outlet 202 by using a setting agent.
The vacuum bag 10 is formed by hot pressing a non-porous isolation film layer, a demoulding cloth layer and an air-permeable felt layer from bottom to top in sequence, has good sealing performance, can isolate the embedded optical fiber sensor fiber metal laminate prefabricated body 9 from a flexible heat medium, effectively prevents the embedded optical fiber sensor fiber metal laminate prefabricated body 9 from being polluted by the flexible heat medium, and ensures the forming quality.
The invention mainly aims at the problems that the traditional embedded optical fiber sensor composite material has more forming/curing processes, the optical fiber sensor is easy to damage, and the position consistency of the optical fiber sensor is poor. The method mainly comprises four procedures of preparing a fiber metal laminate preform containing an optical fiber sensor protective layer, performing vacuum treatment, forming and curing a flexible thermal medium, and removing a process supplement surface (removing a vacuum bag and a pressure bearing layer). The prefabricated body of the fiber metal laminate containing the optical fiber sensor protective layer is adopted for forming, so that the effectiveness of the optical fiber sensor can be ensured, and the loss of the optical fiber sensor is reduced; the flexible thermal medium forming and curing integrated process can reduce the manufacturing process of the fiber metal laminate of the embedded optical fiber sensor, improve the forming efficiency and ensure the consistency of the positions of the optical fiber sensors in the component. The invention utilizes the fiber metal laminate containing the optical fiber sensor protective layer to combine with the flexible heat medium forming and curing integrated process to manufacture the fiber metal laminate component of the embedded optical fiber sensor, improves the survival rate of the optical fiber sensor in the fiber metal laminate, reduces the forming procedures, improves the forming efficiency, realizes the integrated manufacture of the intelligent fiber metal laminate, and greatly widens the functionality of the fiber metal laminate composite material.
In the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed in the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the description of the method part.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (5)

1. Fibre metal laminate of embedded optical fiber sensor, its characterized in that includes: the pressure-bearing plate comprises a plate body, wherein a pressure-bearing layer (2) and an optical fiber sensor (4) are arranged in the plate body, and the optical fiber sensor (4) is positioned in the pressure-bearing layer (2);
the plate body includes: a first metal plate (1), a second metal plate (6), a first fiber prepreg layer (3), a second fiber prepreg layer (5) and two pressure-bearing protective layers (7),
the pressure-bearing layer (2) is paved on the top end face of the first metal plate (1), and accommodating holes (201) are formed in the pressure-bearing layer (2);
the first fiber prepreg layer (3) is placed in the accommodating hole (201) and is paved on the top end face of the first metal plate (1);
the probe part of the optical fiber sensor (4) is paved and attached to the top end surface of the first fiber prepreg layer (3);
the two pressure-bearing protective layers (7) are paved on the top end face of the first fiber prepreg layer (3) and are respectively positioned on two sides of the probe part of the optical fiber sensor (4);
the second fiber prepreg layer (5) is placed in the accommodating hole (201) and is paved on the top end face of the first fiber prepreg layer (3), and the top end face of the second fiber prepreg layer (5) is flush with the top end face of the pressure bearing layer (2) or lower than the top end face of the pressure bearing layer (2);
the second metal plate (6) is paved on the second fiber prepreg layer (5) and the top end face of the pressure bearing layer (2), or the second metal plate (6) is paved on the top end face of the pressure bearing layer (2);
the thickness of the pressure bearing layer (2) is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the first fiber prepreg layer (3) and the second fiber prepreg layer (5); the thickness of the pressure-bearing protective layer (7) is more than or equal to the diameter of the optical fiber sensor (4);
an optical fiber outlet (202) for the tail fiber of the optical fiber sensor (4) to penetrate out is formed in the pressure bearing layer (2);
the tail fiber of the optical fiber sensor (4) is sleeved with a protective sleeve (8), and the protective sleeve (8) is bonded and fixed with the optical fiber outlet (202).
2. The fiber-metal laminate of an embedded optical fiber sensor of claim 1, wherein the protective sheath (8) is made of one of metal, resin or rubber.
3. The fiber metal laminate with the embedded optical fiber sensor of claim 1, wherein the first metal plate (1) and the second metal plate (6) are made of the same material as the bearing layer (2), and the material is one or a combination of any of aluminum alloy plate, steel plate, titanium alloy plate and magnesium alloy plate.
4. The fiber-metal laminate of the embedded optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein the first fiber prepreg layer (3) and the second fiber prepreg layer (5) are made of the same material as the pressure-bearing protective layer (7), and the material is one of unidirectional fiber cloth and woven fiber cloth or a combination of any two of the unidirectional fiber cloth and the woven fiber cloth.
5. The method for integrally forming and curing the fiber metal laminate of the embedded optical fiber sensor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
step S1: cutting the first metal plate (1) and the second metal plate (6) with the same size according to the blank size, and cutting the first fiber prepreg layer (3) and the second fiber prepreg layer (5) with the same size according to the size of the single side reduction of the first metal plate (1) by 10 mm;
step S2: after the center of the first fiber prepreg layer (3) is aligned with the center of the first metal plate (1), the first fiber prepreg layer is paved on the top end face of the first metal plate (1);
and step S3: cutting the pressure-bearing layer (2) according to the size that the outer boundary is aligned with the outer boundary of the first metal plate (1), cutting the accommodating hole (201) in the middle of the pressure-bearing layer (2) according to the size that the inner boundary is aligned with the outer boundary of the first fiber prepreg layer (3), aligning the outer boundary of the pressure-bearing layer (2) with the outer boundary of the top end face of the first metal plate (1), and laying the pressure-bearing layer (2) on the top end face of the first metal plate (1) after aligning the inner side edge of the accommodating hole (201) with the outer boundary of the first fiber prepreg layer (3);
and step S4: confirming the paving position of the optical fiber sensor (4) according to monitoring requirements, and then paving the probe part of the optical fiber sensor (4) at a preset position on the top end face of the first fiber prepreg layer (3);
step S5: placing the second fiber prepreg layer (5) in the accommodating hole (201) and paving and pasting the second fiber prepreg layer on the top end face of the first fiber prepreg layer (3), wherein the top end face of the second fiber prepreg layer (5) is flush with or lower than the top end face of the pressure bearing layer (2), and then paving and pasting the second metal plate (6) on the top end faces of the second fiber prepreg layer (5) and the pressure bearing layer (2) or on the top end face of the pressure bearing layer (2), so that the paving and pasting of the fiber metal laminate prefabricated body (9) with the embedded optical fiber sensor is completed;
step S6: filling the laid fiber-embedded sensor fiber metal laminate preform (9) into a vacuum bag (10), filling a plurality of blank pressing pressure-bearing gap blocks (11) into the outer peripheral side of the fiber-embedded sensor fiber metal laminate preform (9) inside the vacuum bag (10), inserting a vacuum tube (12) into the vacuum bag (10), sealing the edge of the vacuum bag (10) by using a sealant (13), starting a vacuum pump (14), discharging air in the vacuum bag (10) through the vacuum tube (12), completing vacuum treatment when the air pressure in the vacuum bag (10) reaches 0.2bar, and keeping the opening state of the vacuum pump (14) to obtain a fiber metal laminate preform (15) with the vacuum bag;
step S7: heating a forming die (17) by using a heating rod (161) in a heating platform (16), placing a fiber metal laminate preform (15) with a vacuum bag on the upper surface of a lower die when the temperature reaches a set temperature, descending the upper die to generate a certain mold clamping pressure on the fiber metal laminate preform (15) with the vacuum bag, starting a high-pressure pump (18), injecting a flexible heat medium into a liquid chamber (171) of the lower die, starting deformation of the fiber metal laminate preform (15) with the vacuum bag, exhausting air in the upper die through an exhaust hole (172), and finishing forming of the fiber metal laminate preform (15) with the vacuum bag when the pressure of the liquid chamber (171) reaches a set value;
step S8: the pressure of the unloading liquid chamber (171) is kept at 1MPa for closing the die, the heating is stopped after the heating temperature is kept for 90-120 minutes, the vacuum pump (14) is closed after the forming die (17) is naturally cooled to the room temperature, and the fiber metal laminate preform (15) with the vacuum bag is cured;
step S9: releasing pressure and demoulding, discharging the flexible medium in a lower mould liquid chamber (171), moving an upper mould to an initial position, taking out the fiber metal laminate preform (15) with the vacuum bag, and removing the vacuum bag and the pressure-bearing layer (2) to obtain a fiber metal laminate (19) embedded with the optical fiber sensor;
the steps S1 to S9 are repeated, so that batch forming of the fiber metal laminate (19) with the embedded optical fiber sensor can be realized;
in the step S3, after the containing hole (201) is cut out, cutting out an optical fiber outlet (202) at the position where the pressure bearing layer (2) and the optical fiber sensor (4) are intersected; in the step S4, after the probe part of the optical fiber sensor (4) is paved on the top end face of the first fiber prepreg layer (3), two pressure-bearing protective layers (7) with the thickness larger than or equal to the diameter of the optical fiber sensor (4) are adopted on the top end face of the first metal plate (1) to be paved on two sides of the probe part of the optical fiber sensor (4), then the optical fiber sensor (4) is sleeved in a protective sleeve (8), and the protective sleeve (8) is fixed at the position of the optical fiber outlet (202) by using a sizing agent.
CN202210730716.1A 2022-06-24 2022-06-24 Fiber metal laminate with embedded optical fiber sensor and forming and curing integrated method thereof Active CN115091819B (en)

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US6004639A (en) * 1997-10-10 1999-12-21 Fiberspar Spoolable Products, Inc. Composite spoolable tube with sensor
JP2012020483A (en) * 2010-07-15 2012-02-02 Ihi Corp Method of manufacturing optical fiber-embedded fiber-reinforced composite material laminated sheet, and optical fiber-embedded fiber-reinforced composite material laminated sheet
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