CN115091364B

CN115091364B - Piezoelectric axial vibration main shaft

Info

Publication number: CN115091364B
Application number: CN202210709419.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 母德强; 王震; 苍鹏; 李晓东; 赵世彧; 马松彪
Original assignee: Changchun University of Technology
Current assignee: Changchun University of Technology
Priority date: 2022-06-22
Filing date: 2022-06-22
Publication date: 2023-09-08
Anticipated expiration: 2042-06-22
Also published as: CN115091364A

Abstract

The invention discloses a piezoelectric axial vibration main shaft which comprises a main shaft, a left sealing ring, a right sealing ring, a left bolt, a right bolt, a left end cover, a right end cover, a left gasket, a right gasket, a left linear bearing, a right linear bearing, an outer circular sleeve, a piezoelectric stack, a screw, a spring, a steel ball, a belleville spring and a retainer ring. The end face of the piezoelectric stack is uniformly acted with the pretightening force of the belleville springs. When an alternating voltage signal is input to the piezoelectric stack, the main shaft only performs axial alternating vibration under the support of the linear bearing, the vibration frequency can be realized by adjusting the frequency of the input alternating voltage signal, and the vibration amplitude can be realized by respectively adjusting the amplitude of the input alternating voltage signal and the pretightening force of the belleville spring. The vibration source can be used for vibration grinding or drilling processing, and is characterized in that the piezoelectric stack is powered without an electric brush.

Description

Piezoelectric axial vibration main shaft

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of vibration application in control, in particular to the technical field of vibration grinding, drilling and other processing.

Background

The vibration cutting technology has the characteristics of unique cutting principle and excellent technological effect, and can obviously improve the quality of the processed surface, the processing precision, the processing efficiency and the like. Particularly, the method has unique superiority for precisely processing hard and brittle materials such as engineering ceramics and nonferrous metals, thereby attracting great attention from students at home and abroad.

At present, vibration sources of vibration cutting technology, particularly vibration grinding and vibration drilling, are mainly piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic excitation devices. At present, the exciting device for piezoelectric ultrasonic vibration grinding and vibration drilling is required to input control electric signals to piezoelectric ceramics through brushes, and sometimes has the phenomenon of unstable work, so that the practical popularization and application are limited.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defect that an excitation device for piezoelectric ultrasonic vibration grinding and vibration drilling must input an electric signal to piezoelectric ceramics through an electric brush, the invention provides a piezoelectric axial vibration main shaft structure, which is characterized in that a main shaft linear bearing support and a main shaft circumferential rotation limiting shaft are introduced to guide a moving structure, so that the main shaft is ensured to only axially move and does not rotate. Since the piezoelectric ultrasonic excitation device does not perform rotational movement at this time, it is unnecessary to input an electric signal to the piezoelectric ceramic through the brush.

The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:

a piezoelectric type axial vibration main shaft comprises a main shaft (1), left and right sealing rings (2, 17), left and right bolts (3, 15), left and right end covers (4, 16), left and right gaskets (5, 14), left and right linear bearings (6, 18), an outer circular sleeve (7), a piezoelectric stack (8), a screw (9), a spring (10), a steel ball (11), a belleville spring (12) and a retainer ring (13). When an alternating voltage signal is input to the piezoelectric stack, the main shaft only performs axial alternating vibration under the support of the linear bearing, the vibration frequency can be realized by adjusting the frequency of the input alternating voltage signal, and the vibration amplitude can be realized by respectively adjusting the amplitude of the input alternating voltage signal and the pretightening force of the belleville spring.

The inner hole of the piezoelectric pile (8) is matched with the outer circular step of the small shaft shoulder of the main shaft (1) to radially position the piezoelectric pile (8) and the main shaft (1) to ensure a certain gap, two end faces of the piezoelectric pile (8) are respectively and uniformly contacted with the left side face of the large shaft shoulder of the main shaft (1) and the right side face of the inner shaft shoulder of the outer circular sleeve (7), the right side face of the large shaft shoulder of the main shaft (1) is uniformly acted with the pretightening force of the disc spring (12), and the pretightening force of the disc spring (12) can be adjusted through the thickness of the right gasket (14) and the fastening force of the right bolt (15). At the same time, the natural frequency of the main shaft (1) and the disc spring (12) vibration system can be adjusted by changing the pretightening force of the disc spring (12).

The outer circular sleeve (7) is provided with two axisymmetric radial screw holes, the screw (9) always contacts the surface of the steel ball (11) with two side surfaces of the axial V-shaped guide groove on the outer circular surface of the large shaft shoulder of the main shaft (1) through the spring (10), and the acting force between the surface of the steel ball and the two side surfaces of the V-shaped guide groove can be adjusted through the change of the screwing depth of the screw (9). Thus, the main shaft (1) only performs axial movement and has no rotary movement.

The left end cover (4) and the left sealing ring (2) are assembled and connected with the outer circular sleeve (7) through the left bolt (3), and the axial position of the left linear bearing (6) is fixed. Sealing rings (2, 17) are arranged in the trapezoid grooves of the inner holes of the left end cover (4) and the right end cover (16).

The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly shown in the following steps:

the invention provides a piezoelectric axial vibration main shaft structure, which is characterized in that a main shaft linear bearing support and a main shaft circumferential rotation limiting shaft are introduced to guide a moving structure, so that the main shaft is ensured to only axially move and does not rotate. The piezoelectric ultrasonic vibration grinding or vibration drilling cutting machine is suitable for piezoelectric ultrasonic vibration grinding or vibration drilling cutting, and because the piezoelectric pile does not rotate along with the main shaft, the piezoelectric pile input control electric signal can be directly connected with an external power supply without passing through an electric brush, so that the working stability is improved, and the piezoelectric ultrasonic vibration grinding or vibration drilling cutting machine is favorable for practical popularization and application.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a piezoelectric axial vibration spindle structure.

Wherein: the device comprises a main shaft 1, a left sealing ring 2, a left bolt 3, a left end cover 4, a left gasket 5, a left linear bearing 6, an outer circular sleeve 7, a piezoelectric stack 8, a screw 9, a spring 10, a steel ball 11, a belleville spring 12, a retainer ring 13, a right gasket 14, a right bolt 15, a right end cover 16, a right sealing ring 17 and a right linear bearing 18.

The specific implementation measures are as follows:

the invention is further described below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, a piezoelectric axial vibration spindle includes a spindle (1), left and right seal rings (2, 17), left and right bolts (3, 15), left and right end caps (4, 16), left and right gaskets (5, 14), left and right linear bearings (6, 18), an outer jacket (7), a piezoelectric stack (8), a screw (9), a spring (10), a steel ball (11), a disc spring (12), and a retainer ring (13).

Referring to fig. 1, the outer circular sleeve (7) is provided with two axisymmetric radial screw holes, the screw (9) always contacts the surface of the steel ball (11) with two side surfaces of the axial V-shaped guide groove on the outer circular surface of the large shaft shoulder of the main shaft (1) through the spring (10), and the acting force between the surface of the steel ball and the two side surfaces of the V-shaped guide groove can be adjusted through the change of the screwing depth of the screw (9). Thus, the main shaft (1) only performs axial movement and has no rotary movement.

The left end cover (4) and the left sealing ring (2) are assembled and connected with the outer circular sleeve (7) through the left bolt (3), and the axial position of the left linear bearing (6) is fixed. Left and right sealing rings (2, 17) are arranged in the trapezoid grooves of the inner holes of the left and right end covers (4, 16).

Referring to fig. 1, when an alternating voltage signal is input to a piezoelectric stack (8), a main shaft (1) is only subjected to axial alternating vibration under the support of a linear bearing, the vibration frequency can be realized by adjusting the frequency of the input alternating voltage signal, and the vibration amplitude can be realized by respectively adjusting the amplitude of the input alternating voltage signal or the pretightening force of a belleville spring.

If an electric spindle grinding head or an electric spindle drill bit is fixedly arranged in the axial inner hole of the spindle (1), vibration grinding and vibration drilling can be realized. Because the piezoelectric pile (8) does not rotate along with the main shaft, the input control electric signal of the piezoelectric pile can be directly connected with an external power supply without passing through an electric brush, so that the working stability is improved, and the piezoelectric ultrasonic vibration grinding or vibration drilling cutting is facilitated to be popularized and applied in practice.

Claims

1. A piezoelectric axial vibration main shaft comprises a main shaft (1), left and right sealing rings (2, 17), left and right bolts (3, 15), left and right end covers (4, 16), left and right gaskets (5, 14), left and right linear bearings (6, 18), an outer circular sleeve (7), a piezoelectric stack (8), a screw (9), a spring (10), a steel ball (11), a belleville spring (12) and a retainer ring (13); when an alternating voltage signal is input to the piezoelectric stack, the main shaft only axially alternates under the support of the linear bearing, the vibration frequency can be realized by adjusting the frequency of the input alternating voltage signal, and the vibration amplitude can be realized by respectively adjusting the amplitude of the input alternating voltage signal and the pretightening force of the belleville spring;

the method is characterized in that: an inner hole of the piezoelectric pile (8) is matched with an outer circular step of a small shaft shoulder of the main shaft (1) to radially position the piezoelectric pile (8); the two end surfaces of the piezoelectric stack (8) are respectively and uniformly contacted with the left side surface of the large shaft shoulder of the main shaft (1) and the right side surface of the inner shaft shoulder of the outer circular sleeve (7), the right side surface of the large shaft shoulder of the main shaft (1) is uniformly acted with the pretightening force of the disc spring (12), and the pretightening force of the disc spring (12) can be regulated by the thickness of the right gasket (14) and the fastening force of the right bolt (15); meanwhile, the natural frequency of the main shaft (1) and the natural frequency of the disc spring (12) vibration system can be adjusted by changing the pretightening force of the disc spring (12);

two axisymmetric radial screw holes are formed in the outer circle sleeve (7), the surfaces of the steel balls (11) are always contacted with two side surfaces of the axial V-shaped guide groove on the outer circle surface of the large shaft shoulder of the main shaft (1) through the springs (10) by the screws (9), acting forces between the surfaces of the steel balls and the two side surfaces of the V-shaped guide groove can be adjusted through the change of screwing depth of the screws (9), and therefore the main shaft (1) and the piezoelectric stack (8) are guaranteed to only axially move without rotary movement.