CN115076026A - Wind generating set blade root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering installation deflection angle - Google Patents

Wind generating set blade root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering installation deflection angle Download PDF

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CN115076026A
CN115076026A CN202210656696.8A CN202210656696A CN115076026A CN 115076026 A CN115076026 A CN 115076026A CN 202210656696 A CN202210656696 A CN 202210656696A CN 115076026 A CN115076026 A CN 115076026A
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Prior art keywords
calibration
load
strain gauge
blade
blade root
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Inventor
杨辉
童未茵
金华斌
徐学聪
杜昱
张海龙
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Zhejiang Windey Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Windey Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F03D1/0633—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

The invention discloses a wind generating set blade root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering an installation deflection angle, which comprises the following steps of: s1: setting a strain gauge, determining an installation deflection angle, and calibrating shimmy load data and waving load data; s2: constructing a calibration equation, and determining a calibration slope matrix and a calibration offset matrix; s3: and obtaining the actual slope and the offset based on the installation deflection angle and the calibration equation. The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the calibration calculation, the installation deflection angle of the blade root strain gauge is taken into consideration, and the converted blade root load is closer to the reality through the decomposition and synthesis of the actually measured load signal.

Description

Wind generating set blade root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering installation deflection angle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical load testing of wind generating sets, in particular to a wind generating set blade root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering an installation deflection angle.
Background
The blade of the wind turbine generator is a component for absorbing and converting wind energy into mechanical energy, and is one of the most critical components in the wind turbine generator. Since the blade root acts as the region where external bending moments are most significant, measurements of blade loads are typically taken at the blade root. The test of the bending moment of the blade root of the wind turbine generator comprises the test of the flapping bending moment and the shimmy bending moment of the blade root. The blade root load test sensor generally adopts a resistance strain gauge, and a full bridge circuit is established to respectively measure the waving and the shimmy bending moment.
In the prior art, for the problem of signal crosstalk generated in the blade load measurement in the shimmy and flap directions, IEC61400-13 provides a calibration correction method, which considers that the signal crosstalk in the blade load measurement is not negligible, and the actual shimmy bending moment and flap bending moment are not only related to the respective corresponding load signals, i.e. the shimmy bending moment needs to consider the influence of the flap load signal when the shimmy bending moment is related to the shimmy load signal, and the flap bending moment needs to consider the influence of the shimmy load signal when the flap load signal is related to the flap load signal. Finally, through a series of matrix transformation, the calibration coefficient and the offset in the calibration equation can be obtained. The calibration equation obtained by the method sometimes cannot well eliminate the influence caused by crosstalk, so that the influence is generated on load calculation. This is because the local areas of unstable stress near the mold clamping gap are different in size due to different blades used by different units, and the strain gauge installation deflection angle θ is often determined empirically and is not uniformly determined. Aiming at the problems, the mounting deflection angle of the strain gauge is taken into consideration in the calibration and calculation process of the strain signal of the blade of the unit.
For example, a chinese patent document discloses "a method and application for measuring a load of a fan blade based on FBG", and its publication no: CN112665766A, filing date thereof: in 12/19/2020, the invention obtains a specific value of a calibrated blade equivalent stiffness coefficient matrix by using a mapping relation among the blade equivalent stiffness coefficient matrix, a sensor group output wavelength change value and a load value corresponding to a blade pitch angle, measures the sensor group output wavelength change value in real time, and obtains a real-time load value of the blade by using the specific value of the calibrated blade equivalent stiffness coefficient matrix, an initial load value of the blade and the sensor group output wavelength change value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a calibration calculation method of a blade root load strain gauge of a wind generating set, which considers the installation deflection angle of the blade root strain gauge in calibration calculation and enables the blade root load amount obtained by conversion to be closer to the reality by decomposing and synthesizing actual measurement load signals.
The technical scheme is that the wind generating set blade root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering the installation deflection angle comprises the following steps:
s1: setting a strain gauge, determining an installation deflection angle, and calibrating shimmy load data and waving load data;
s2: constructing a calibration equation, and determining a calibration slope matrix and a calibration offset matrix;
s3: and obtaining the actual slope and the offset based on the installation deflection angle and the calibration equation.
In the scheme, the strain gauge is arranged, the mounting deflection angle is determined, the shimmy load data and the waving load data are calibrated, a calibration equation is constructed, a calibration slope matrix and a calibration offset matrix are determined, the actual slope and the actual offset are obtained based on the mounting deflection angle and the calibration equation, the mounting deflection angle of the blade root strain gauge is taken into consideration in calibration calculation, and the blade root load obtained through conversion is closer to the reality through decomposition and synthesis of an actually measured load signal.
Preferably, the strain gauge is mounted on the inner wall of the cylindrical section of the blade root, and four measuring points are uniformly distributed on the quartering points of the circular section of the cylindrical section of the blade root.
In the scheme, the strain gauge is installed on the inner wall of the cylindrical section of the blade root, four measuring points are uniformly distributed on the quartering points of the circular section of the cylindrical section of the blade root, and the strain gauge is convenient to measure the flapping bending moment of the blade root and the shimmy bending moment of the blade root.
Preferably, the connecting lines of two strain gauges which are not adjacent are perpendicular to each other.
In the scheme, in order to avoid a die-closing seam area with extremely unstable local stress, the second strain gauge and the fourth strain gauge have an installation deflection angle with the shimmy direction when being arranged, and meanwhile, in order to reduce the influence caused by crosstalk, the connecting line of the first strain gauge and the third strain gauge needs to be perpendicular to the connecting line of the second strain gauge and the fourth strain gauge when being arranged, namely, the connecting line of the first strain gauge and the third strain gauge has the same installation deflection angle with the waving direction.
Preferably, the wind generating set is in a stop state during calibration, and the minimum number of free rotation cycles of the wind wheel is three weeks.
In the scheme, the wind generating set is in a shutdown state during calibration, the minimum number of free rotation cycles of the wind wheel is three cycles, and the measurement precision of the strainometer during calibration is improved.
Preferably, three blades are calibrated, one blade has a pitch angle of 0 degrees, the other blade has a pitch angle of 90 degrees, and the third blade has a pitch angle set to any value from 0 to 90 degrees.
In the scheme, the blade with the pitch angle of 90 degrees swings and is completely exposed under the action of gravity, and the blade with the pitch angle of 0 degree swings and is completely exposed under the action of gravity, so that the measurement precision of the strain gauge during calibration is improved.
Preferably, the wind speed is 3-4m/s at the calibration time.
In the scheme, the wind speed is 3-4m/s during calibration, so that the measurement precision of the strain gauge during calibration is improved.
Preferably, the calibration equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0003688283490000021
in the above formula, S e And S f Are respectively provided withAs load signals in the edgewise and flap directions, M be And M bf In order to calibrate the resulting load capacity,
Figure BDA0003688283490000031
the slope matrix is initially calibrated and,
Figure BDA0003688283490000032
and initially calibrating the offset matrix.
Preferably, the initial calibration slope is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003688283490000033
Figure BDA0003688283490000034
α e 、α f is the cabin elevation angle, beta e 、β f In order to achieve the blade cone angle,
Figure BDA0003688283490000035
is the average value of the shimmy load signal during idling,
Figure BDA0003688283490000036
is the average value of flap load signal during idle running e 、slope f Is the initial calibration slope.
Preferably, the blade root shimmy bending moment M is generated due to the installation deflection angle e For practically calibrating the load M be And M bf The sum of the projection vectors in the shimmy direction; blade root flapping bending moment M of blade in same principle f For practically calibrating the load M be And M bf The sum of the projection vectors in the flap direction is expressed as follows:
M e ＝M be ·cosθ+M bf ·sinθ，
M f ＝-M be ·sinθ+M bf ·cosθ，
combining the calibration equation to obtain the following formula:
Figure BDA0003688283490000037
in the above formula, S e And S f Load signals in the edgewise and flap directions, M be And M bf For calibrating the load obtained, slope e 、slope f For initial calibration of slope, offset e 、offset f Is the initial calibration offset.
In the scheme, the slope and the offset are obtained according to the installation deflection angle, the shimmy load data and the waving load data.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: taking the installation deflection angle of the blade root strain gauge into consideration in calibration calculation, and decomposing and synthesizing the actually measured load signal to enable the blade root load amount obtained through conversion to be closer to the reality; when the calibration method which is provided by IEC61400-13 and does not consider the installation deflection angle is adopted for calculation, the method can be used for verifying whether the calibration coefficient calculated by the IEC method is wrong or not. If the calibration coefficient calculated by the IEC method is basically similar to the calibration coefficient calculated by the IEC method, the calibration result calculated by the IEC method can be used for subsequent load analysis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a wind turbine generator system root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering an installation drift angle.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of installation of a blade root strain gauge of the wind turbine generator system blade root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering the installation drift angle.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the installation of a blade root strain gauge in the method for calibrating and calculating the blade root load strain gauge of the wind generating set with consideration of the installation drift angle.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of three blade pitch angles in the calibration test process of the wind generating set blade root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering the installation drift angle.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of changes of blade root shimmy and flapping bending moment load signals of a single blade along with a wind wheel azimuth angle in a calibration process of the wind turbine generator system blade root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering the installation deflection angle.
FIG. 6 is a decomposition and synthesis schematic diagram of an actually measured load signal of the wind turbine generator system blade root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering the installation drift angle.
FIG. 7 is a detailed flowchart of a wind turbine generator system root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering an installation drift angle.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the method for calibrating and calculating the blade root load strain gauge of the wind generating set considering the installation drift angle comprises the following steps:
s1: and setting a strain gauge, determining an installation deflection angle, and calibrating shimmy load data and waving load data.
S2: and constructing a calibration equation, and determining a calibration slope matrix and a calibration offset matrix.
S3: and obtaining the actual slope and the offset based on the installation deflection angle and the calibration equation.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the strain gauge for measuring the bending moment of the blade root is installed on the inner wall of the cylindrical section of the blade root, and four measuring points are uniformly distributed on the quartering point of the circular section of the cylindrical section of the blade root. The first strain gauge and the third strain gauge group are used for measuring the blade root waving bending moment through the full bridge, and the second strain gauge and the fourth strain gauge group are used for measuring the blade root shimmy bending moment through the full bridge. As shown in fig. 2, in order to avoid a mold-closing seam area where local stress is very unstable, an installation deflection angle θ exists between the second strain gauge and the fourth strain gauge when the second strain gauge and the fourth strain gauge are arranged, and meanwhile, in order to reduce the influence caused by crosstalk, a connecting line between the first strain gauge and the third strain gauge when the first strain gauge and the third strain gauge are arranged needs to be perpendicular to a connecting line between the second strain gauge and the fourth strain gauge, that is, the connecting line between the first strain gauge and the third strain gauge and the swinging direction have the same installation deflection angle θ. In actual test, the strain gauges are arranged on the roots of three blades of the wind turbine generator and are used for measuring loads of the roots.
After the strain gauges are installed and arranged, after the wind turbine generator modifies a main control program, the pitch angles of different blades are adjusted in a unit shutdown mode, so that the wind turbine idles, blade root oscillation and flapping bending moment are calibrated, the wind turbine idles refers to the process that the wind turbine generator freely rotates in a shutdown state, and the minimum number of idle revolutions of the wind turbine is three weeks in the calibration process. The calibration test needs to be carried out under the condition of low wind, and the wind speed is 3-4 m/s. As shown in fig. 4, the first blade is not pitched, i.e. the pitch angle is 90 °. The second blade and the third blade are respectively driven to 30 degrees and 0 degree. When the rotor starts to rotate, the first blade flap direction is completely exposed to the action of gravity, and the third blade flap direction is completely exposed to the action of gravity. And after the wind wheel slowly rotates for three weeks, completing the calibration test of the load signals of the flapping direction of the first blade and the shimmy direction of the third blade. And finally completing the load signal calibration test of the flapping and shimmy directions of the first blade, the second blade and the third blade according to the same method.
In the calibration test, the pitch angle of one blade in the three blades must be 0 degree, the pitch angle of the other blade must be 90 degrees, and the third blade can be set to any value from 0 to 90 degrees.
In the calibration process, the unit cut-in wind speed parameter can be changed to be small by modifying a unit control program, so that the wind turbine is started when the cut-in wind speed is less than the cut-in wind speed, the pitch angles of the three blades are all at 0-degree positions, and the calibration of the load signals in the shimmy direction of the blade roots of the three blades is completed. After the wind wheel slowly rotates for three weeks, the machine is manually stopped and the parameters are restored.
S2: and constructing a calibration equation, and determining a calibration slope matrix and a calibration offset matrix.
In the calibration process, the single blade root shimmy and flap bending moment load signal waveforms are similar to sine functions. Calculating the average value of the shimmy load signal of each blade in the idling process by extracting the maximum value and the minimum value in the load signal waveforms of all the blades
Figure BDA0003688283490000051
Average value of flap load signal
Figure BDA0003688283490000052
The initial calibration equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0003688283490000053
in the above formula, S e And S f Load signals in the edgewise and flap directions, M be And M bf In order to calibrate the resulting load capacity,
Figure BDA0003688283490000054
the slope matrix is initially calibrated and,
Figure BDA0003688283490000055
and initially calibrating the offset matrix.
When the wind wheel idles for a plurality of weeks, S e And S f A signal waveform resembling a sine function will be obtained.
slope e And slope f Calculated, the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003688283490000056
Figure BDA0003688283490000057
in the above formula, F e 、F f For the weight force (F) generated by the blade at the position of the centre of mass e ＝F f )，L e 、L f Is the distance (L) between the center of mass of the blade and the patch position e ＝L f )，α e 、α f Is the cabin elevation angle (alpha) e ＝α f )，β e 、β f Is the blade cone angle (beta) e ＝β f )。
Figure BDA0003688283490000058
Is the average value of the shimmy load signal during idling,
Figure BDA0003688283490000059
is the average value of flap load signal during idle running e 、slope f Is the initial calibration slope.
Offset e Is equal to-slope e And the product of the maximum value and the minimum value of the shimmy bending moment signal in the process of idling the wind wheel for one circle. Offset due to at least three idle revolutions of the wind wheel e The mean value should be taken.
Similarly, Offset f Is equal to-slope f And the product of the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the flapping bending moment signal in the process of idling the wind wheel for one circle. Offset due to at least three idle revolutions of the wind wheel f The mean value should be taken.
S3: and obtaining the actual slope and the offset based on the installation deflection angle and the calibration equation.
Due to the existence of the installation deflection angle theta, the blade root of the blade is subjected to shimmy bending moment M e For practically calibrating the load M be And M bf The sum of the projection vectors in the shimmy direction; blade root flapping bending moment M of blade in same principle f For practically calibrating the load M be And M bf The sum of the projection vectors in the flap direction. The expression is as follows:
M e ＝M be ·cosθ+M bf ·sinθ (4)
M f ＝-M be ·sinθ+M bf ·cosθ (5)
the expressions (4) and (5) are rewritten into a matrix form, and the expressions are as follows:
Figure BDA0003688283490000061
substituting formula (1) for formula (6) yields formula (7) as follows:
Figure BDA0003688283490000062
further simplification yields formula (8):
Figure BDA0003688283490000063
from equations (7) and (8), the slope and offset are calculated:
K 11 ＝cosθ·slope e (9)
K 12 ＝sinθ·slope f (10)
K 21 ＝-sinθ·slope e (11)
K 22 ＝cosθ·slope f (12)
OFFSET e ＝cosθ·offset e +sinθ·offset f (13)
OFFSET f ＝-sinθ·offset e +cosθ·offset f (14)
taking the installation deflection angle of the blade root strain gauge into consideration in calibration calculation, and decomposing and synthesizing the actual measurement load signal to ensure that the blade root load obtained by conversion is closer to the reality; when the calibration method which is provided by IEC61400-13 and does not consider the installation deflection angle is adopted for calculation, the method can be used for verifying whether the calibration coefficient calculated by the IEC method is wrong or not. If the calibration coefficient calculated by the IEC method is basically similar to the calibration coefficient calculated by the IEC method, the calibration result calculated by the IEC method can be used for subsequent load analysis.

Claims (9)

1. The wind generating set blade root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering the installation deflection angle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: setting a strain gauge, determining an installation deflection angle, and calibrating shimmy load data and waving load data;
s2: constructing a calibration equation, and determining a calibration slope matrix and a calibration offset matrix;
s3: and obtaining the actual slope and the offset based on the installation deflection angle and the calibration equation.
2. The wind generating set blade root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering the installation deflection angle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strain gauge is installed on the inner wall of the blade root cylindrical section, and four measuring points are uniformly distributed on the quartering point of the circular section of the blade root cylindrical section.
3. The wind generating set root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering the setting deflection angle as claimed in claim 2, wherein the connecting lines of two non-adjacent strain gauges are perpendicular to each other.
4. The method for calibrating and calculating the blade root load strain gauge of the wind generating set considering the installation deflection angle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wind generating set is in a shutdown state during calibration, and the minimum number of free rotation cycles of the wind wheel is three cycles.
5. The wind turbine generator system blade root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering the stagger angle according to claim 1, wherein there are three blades in calibration, one blade has a pitch angle of 0 degree, the other blade has a pitch angle of 90 degrees, and the third blade has a pitch angle set to any value from 0 to 90 degrees.
6. The method for calibrating and calculating the blade root load strain gauge of the wind generating set considering the installation deflection angle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wind speed is 3-4m/s during calibration.
7. The wind generating set root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering the setting deflection angle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calibration equation is as follows:
Figure FDA0003688283480000011
in the above formula, S e And S f Load signals in the edgewise and flap directions, M be And M bf In order to calibrate the resulting load capacity,
Figure FDA0003688283480000012
the slope matrix is initially calibrated and,
Figure FDA0003688283480000013
and initially calibrating the offset matrix.
8. The wind turbine generator system root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering the setting deflection angle as claimed in claim 7, wherein the initial calibration slope is calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0003688283480000014
Figure FDA0003688283480000015
in the above formula, F e 、F f Is the weight force generated by the blade at the position of the center of mass, L e 、L f Is the distance between the centre of mass of the blade and the position of the patch, alpha e 、α f Is the cabin elevation angle, beta e 、β f In order to achieve the blade cone angle,
Figure FDA0003688283480000021
is the average value of the shimmy load signal during idling,
Figure FDA0003688283480000022
is the average value of flap load signal during idle running e 、slope f Is the initial calibration slope.
9. The method for calibrating and calculating the blade root load strain gauge of the wind generating set considering the stagger angle according to claim 8, wherein the blade root shimmy bending moment M is generated due to the presence of the stagger angle e For practically calibrating the load M be And M bf The sum of the projection vectors in the shimmy direction; blade root flapping bending moment M of blade in same principle f For practically calibrating the load M be And M bf The sum of the projection vectors in the flap direction is expressed as follows:
M e ＝M be ·cosθ+M bf ·sinθ，
M f ＝-M be ·sinθ+M bf ·cosθ，
combining the calibration equation to obtain the following formula:
Figure FDA0003688283480000023
in the above formula, S e And S f Load signals in the edgewise and flap directions, M be And M bf For calibrating the load obtained, slope e 、slope f For initial calibration of slope, offset e 、offset f Is the initial calibration offset.
CN202210656696.8A 2022-06-10 2022-06-10 Wind generating set blade root load strain gauge calibration calculation method considering installation deflection angle Pending CN115076026A (en)

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