CN115074845A - Microporous waterproof fiber, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Microporous waterproof fiber, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115074845A CN115074845A CN202210750293.XA CN202210750293A CN115074845A CN 115074845 A CN115074845 A CN 115074845A CN 202210750293 A CN202210750293 A CN 202210750293A CN 115074845 A CN115074845 A CN 115074845A
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/16—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
- D06B3/02—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fibres, slivers or rovings
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/73—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/76—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbon oxides or carbonates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/507—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/32—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/10—Repellency against liquids
- D06M2200/12—Hydrophobic properties
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a microporous waterproof fiber, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the main surface of the microporous waterproof fiber has a microporous structure and a waterproof function, the cross section of a single fiber is in a shape of four axisymmetric trapezoidal depressions on a circular projection edge, the included angle of two waist lines extending from each trapezoid on the upper bottom of the edge is 30-35 degrees, and the length of the lower bottom of each trapezoid is 2/3 of the circular radius of the cross section. The microporous waterproof fiber is a skin-core structure fiber adopting two components, wherein a core layer component with a special section form is remained after the skin layer component is dissolved, so that the fiber with a special microporous structure is formed, and the microporous waterproof fiber is obtained by waterproof treatment. The special microporous structure on the fiber can form a certain cavity under water, so that the air quantity contained in the fabric is increased, and the buoyancy of the fabric is improved. In addition, the special microporous structure improves yarn gaps in the fabric, improves the whole air permeability and moisture permeability of the fabric, and keeps the wearing comfort.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation and application of functional textiles, and particularly relates to a microporous waterproof fiber, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In the aspect of swimming suits, the resistance reduction and the buoyancy are two important functions, especially in the aspect of competitive games, the resistance reduction and the buoyancy have great influence on the game performance, and therefore the upgrading and the evolution of professional swimming suits are often performed around the two functions.
Professional swimming clothes all have waterproof functions, and the overall buoyancy of the clothes is improved mainly through the waterproof effect of the fabric. Generally, a waterproof auxiliary agent is coated on the surface of the fabric through a fabric post-finishing process to form a thin waterproof layer on the surface of the fabric, so that the effect of water repellency is achieved. However, the waterproof layer covers the gaps between the yarns in addition to the fiber surface, and this reduces the air and moisture permeability of the fabric, which affects the comfort of wearing.
In order to overcome the defects, the fabric is woven by performing waterproof treatment on the yarns, so that the pores between the yarns are not covered by a waterproof agent, and the influence on the integral air permeability and moisture permeability of the garment is reduced. At present, the waterproof yarn is generally a skin-core structure composite yarn with a conventional circular cross section, and the integral buoyancy of the fabric cannot be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a microporous waterproof fiber, and a preparation method and an application thereof.
The invention provides a micro-porous waterproof fiber, wherein the main surface of the micro-porous waterproof fiber has a micro-porous structure and a waterproof function, the cross section of a single fiber is in a shape of four axisymmetric trapezoidal depressions on the circular projection edge, the included angle of two waist lines of each trapezoid extending at the upper bottom is 30-35 degrees, and the length of the lower bottom of each trapezoid is 2/3 of the circular radius of the cross section.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic view of the wetting of microporous waterproof fibers under water according to some embodiments of the present invention. As the cross section of the single fiber of the microporous waterproof fiber is in a shape of four axisymmetric trapezoidal depressions on the circular projection edge, and a certain amount of air is reserved near the chamfer and the lower bottom, the buoyancy of the whole fiber fabric in water can be improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, an included angle of each trapezoidal extension two waist lines at the upper bottom of the edge of each trapezoidal extension two waist line is marked as a, and a is 30-35 degrees; the length of each trapezoid lower base is recorded as d, and the length is 2/3 of the cross-section circular radius r, namely the lower base d is 2/3 r.
In addition, the main surface (longitudinal main body surface) of the microporous waterproof fiber provided by the invention has a micron-level porous structure, and the special microporous structure is beneficial to improving yarn gaps in the fabric and improving the integral air permeability and moisture permeability of the fabric, so that the wearing comfort is kept. The surface of the microporous waterproof fiber provided by the embodiment of the invention is subjected to waterproof treatment so as to have a waterproof function.
In the embodiment of the invention, the main material of the microporous waterproof fiber is preferably one or more of terylene, nylon and spandex, and is further preferably terylene.
Polyester is an important variety in synthetic fibers, is the trade name of polyester fibers in China, and is a fiber-forming high polymer, namely polyethylene terephthalate (PET), prepared by taking poly (terephthalic acid) (PTA) or dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and ethylene glycol (MEG) as raw materials through esterification or ester exchange and polycondensation. Polyamide is commonly known as Nylon (Nylon), Polyamide (PA for short) and Nylon, and is a general name of thermoplastic resin containing repeated amide groups- [ NHCO ] -on a molecular main chain. Spandex is a short for polyurethane fiber and is excellent in elasticity. Specifically, the embodiment of the invention mainly adopts PET microporous waterproof fibers or yarns (mainly filaments and assemblies of a plurality of single fibers).
In some embodiments of the invention, the microporous waterproof fiber can have a linear density of 55 to 60dtex and a breaking strength of 3 to 4 cN/tex; the fiber provided by the embodiment of the invention can be subjected to subsequent weaving procedures, so that a finished fabric is obtained.
The invention provides a preparation method of the microporous waterproof fiber, which comprises the following steps:
s1, taking polyvinyl alcohol as a skin layer spinning melt, taking hydrophobic fiber-forming polymer as a core layer spinning melt, and spinning by adopting a skin-core type composite spinning assembly containing a special-shaped hole spinneret plate to obtain a composite fiber assembly with a skin layer and a core layer; the single fiber is of a circular cross section, wherein the skin layer is embedded and compounded on the core layer in four axisymmetric trapezoidal shapes;
s2, washing the composite fiber aggregate with alkaline water to dissolve and remove the cortex and form micropores so as to obtain the special-shaped section microporous fiber;
s3, performing waterproof treatment on the special-shaped section microporous fiber by using a waterproof finishing agent to obtain the microporous waterproof fiber.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the step S1, the intrinsic viscosity of the polyvinyl alcohol is 4.6 to 5.4; the hydrophobic fiber-forming polymer is one or more of terylene, nylon and spandex.
Taking PET polyester core layer raw materials as an example, the PET polyester chip and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) master batches are respectively subjected to vacuum drum drying at 80-90 ℃ until the water content is below 50PPM, so that subsequent composite spinning is facilitated. The embodiment of the invention adopts commercially available spinning raw materials; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the PVA master batch can be purchased from Coli, white, model PVA-205, the intrinsic viscosity is 4.6-5.4, and the alcoholysis degree is 86.5-89.0 mol%. The PET chips are low-melting polyester chips which can be purchased from the instrumented chemical fiber company, are white, have the intrinsic viscosity of 0.66 and have the melting point of 180 ℃.
According to a certain mass ratio, 10-20 parts of dried PVA master batch are fed into a first screw of a double-screw extruder to be melted and extruded at the temperature of 190-; and sending 100-110 parts of dried PET polyester chips into a second screw of a double-screw extruder for melt extrusion at the temperature of 190-220 ℃ to obtain a core layer spinning melt.
In the embodiment of the invention, the cortex layer spinning melt and the core layer spinning melt are respectively metered by respective metering pumps and then are sent into the composite spinning manifold, and are spun by the core-type composite spinning assembly, so that the composite fiber aggregate with the cortex layer and the core layer is obtained.
The invention adopts a special-shaped hole spinneret plate, so that a single fiber is circular in cross section, and a skin layer is embedded and compounded on a core layer in four axisymmetric trapezoidal shapes, or the cross section of the core layer comprises 4 axisymmetric embedded isosceles trapezoids (the lower bottom is close to the circle center), and the material is consistent with that of the skin layer.
The process conditions of the spinning process in the embodiment of the invention comprise: the skin layer spinning temperature is 190-210 ℃, and the core layer spinning temperature is 200-210 ℃; the spinning speed is 800-1500m/min, the drawing multiple is 2.3-2.5, the drawing temperature is 70-90 ℃, and the cold air temperature is 15-25 ℃.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the step S1, the ratio of the circular section radius R of the core layer to the circular cross section radius R of the single fiber is 4/6-5/6; the R is 4/6-5/6R. The single trapezoid structure parameter is as described above, and the included angle a between the two waist lines at the upper bottom is prolonged to be 30-35 degrees; lower base d is 2/3 r.
In the embodiment of the invention, the obtained sheath-core composite fiber aggregate is subjected to microporous forming treatment by alkaline water washing to obtain the microporous fiber with the special-shaped section; the specific process flow comprises the following steps: the first hot water washing, the second hot water washing, the cold water washing and the drying are carried out, after the hot water alkaline washing, the skin layer of the fiber is dissolved, the core layer structure of the PET is left, and the micro-porous surface is formed.
Preferably, the alkaline water washing in step S2 in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes: washing with water at 90-100 deg.C in the presence of 3-5g/L sodium carbonate, neutralizing at 70-80 deg.C, and washing with cold water.
Correspondingly, the temperature of the first hot water washing is preferably 90-100 ℃, the heating rate can be 5 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 30 min; the formulation is preferably as follows: 0.5-2.0g/L of penetrating agent, 3.0-5.0g/L of sodium carbonate and 0.5-1.5g/L of promoter; the temperature of the second hot water washing is preferably 70-80 ℃, the heating rate can be 5 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 20 min; the formulation is preferably as follows: 0.5-1.0g/L of penetrating agent, 2.0-4.0g/L of glacial acetic acid and 0.5-1.0g/L of promoter;
the temperature of cold water washing can be 20-25 deg.C, and the time is 20 min; the drying is preferably: drying at 130 deg.C for 10 min. The embodiment of the invention adopts conventional penetrating agents and promoters, such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether penetrating agents and quaternary ammonium salt promoters.
The embodiment of the invention carries out waterproof treatment on the special-shaped section fiber prepared by the molding process; preferably, the step S3 specifically includes: and soaking the special-shaped section microporous fiber in a waterproof finishing agent solution, wherein the concentration of the waterproof finishing agent can be 60-80g/L, the temperature is controlled to be 120-130 ℃, and the microporous fiber is dehydrated and dried after being soaked for a certain time to obtain the microporous waterproof fiber.
In the embodiment of the invention, the waterproof finishing agent is preferably alkyl urea ester, and a commercially available fluorine-free waterproof agent can be adopted; the soaking time is above 25min, preferably 25-30 min. After dehydration, the embodiment of the present invention is preferably dried at 130 ℃ for 10min to obtain the microporous waterproof fiber (also called waterproof microporous yarn).
The invention also provides the application of the microporous waterproof fiber in weaving and processing textiles, such as a pure-spinning or blended microporous waterproof fiber dyeing and finishing fabric.
The embodiment of the invention can finally prepare the finished fabric by weaving and dyeing and finishing the obtained microporous waterproof yarn. The weaving and dyeing and finishing processes are the same as the conventional processes, can be knitting or tatting, can be pure spinning or blended spinning (the blending mass ratio can be adjusted at will between 10 and 90 percent), can be a bleaching product or a dyeing product, and has no special limitation in the application.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention discloses a microporous waterproof fiber, a fabric and a preparation method; the microporous waterproof fiber is a skin-core structure fiber adopting two components, wherein a core layer component with a special section form is remained after the skin layer component is dissolved, so that the fiber with a special microporous structure is formed, and the microporous waterproof fiber is obtained through waterproof treatment. The special micro-porous structure on the fiber can form a certain cavity under water, so that the air quantity contained in the fabric is increased, and the buoyancy of the fabric is improved. In addition, the special microporous structure improves yarn gaps in the fabric, improves the whole air permeability and moisture permeability of the fabric, and keeps the wearing comfort.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the wetting of microporous water repellent fibers under water according to some embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sheath-core composite fiber according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fiber after alkaline water washing in example one;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional scanning electron microscope image of the microporous waterproof yarn obtained in the first example.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
Example one
50D/48F polyester-polyurethane four-side stretch woven fabric (80% microporous waterproof polyester and 20% spandex), plain weave and gram weight of 110g/m 2 . The 'four-side stretch' means that the warp and weft directions of the fabric have good elasticity, and the warp direction and the weft direction both contain spandex materials.
Preparing microporous yarns:
1) carrying out vacuum drum drying on the PET slices and the PVA master batches at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ until the water content is below 50 PPM;
2) feeding 10 parts of the dried PVA master batch into a first screw of a double-screw extruder for melt extrusion at the temperature of 200 ℃ to obtain a skin layer spinning melt; feeding 100 parts of dried PET slices into a second screw of a double-screw extruder for melt extrusion at the temperature of 200 ℃ to obtain a core layer spinning melt;
3) respectively metering the skin layer spinning melt and the core layer spinning melt by respective metering pumps, feeding the measured melts into a composite spinning manifold, and spinning by a core-type composite spinning assembly to obtain composite fibers; the skin layer spinning temperature is 200 ℃, and the core layer spinning temperature is 200 ℃; the spinning speed is 1200m/min, the drafting multiple is 2.3-2.5, the stretching temperature is 90 ℃, and the cold air temperature is 15-25 ℃;
wherein:
PVA master batch: the polyvinyl alcohol film is white, the type PVA-205 has the intrinsic viscosity of 4.6-5.4 and the alcoholysis degree of 86.5-89.0 mol%.
PET slicing: chemical fiber, white, intrinsic viscosity 0.66, melting point 180 ℃.
The spinneret plate adopts a special-shaped hole spinneret plate, and a single hole is shown in figure 2.
The core layer contains 4 embedded isosceles trapezoid structures, and the material is consistent with that of the skin layer. The specific parameters of the cross section shape of the obtained composite fiber are as follows:
the fiber radius R and the core layer part diameter R are 4/6-5/6R; each isosceles trapezoid structure embedded in the core layer prolongs an included angle a between two waist lines and the upper bottom to be 30-35 degrees; lower base d is 2/3 r. R is 90 μm, R is 110 μm, and d is 60 μm.
4) The micro-porous forming process of the yarn comprises the following steps: first hot water washing, second hot water washing, cold water washing and drying;
the temperature of the first hot water washing is 100 ℃, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 30min, and the formula is as follows: 0.5-2.0g/L of penetrating agent, 3.0-5.0g/L (preferably 4.0g/L) of sodium carbonate and 0.5-1.5g/L of accelerator;
the temperature of the second hot water washing is 70 ℃, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 20min, and the formula is as follows: 0.5-1.0g/L of penetrating agent, 2.0-4.0g/L (preferably 3.0g/L) of glacial acetic acid and 0.5-1.0g/L of promoter;
the temperature of cold water washing is 20-25 deg.C, and the time is 20 min; and (3) drying: drying at 130 deg.C for 10 min.
After hot water washing, the yarn cortex is dissolved, and a core layer structure is left; the fiber cross-section is shown in figure 3.
5) Carrying out waterproof treatment on the microporous yarn prepared by the forming process; waterproof treatment: soaking in water-proof finishing agent solution for 25-30min (water-proof finishing agent 80g/L), and controlling the temperature at 120 ℃. And (3) drying for 10min at 130 ℃ after dehydration to obtain the waterproof microporous yarn.
Wherein:
waterproof finishing agent: commercially available, DuPont fluoride free water repellent Zelan R3, alkyl urea ester, active ingredient 25 + -1%, off-white to white liquid.
Penetrant: commercially available Nantong Yongle chemical penetrant JFC-E, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, water content of less than or equal to 0.5 percent, pH value of 5.0-7.0, and colorless to yellowish liquid.
Accelerator (b): commercially available, North Huco Woods chemical, octadecyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium nitrate, content 45%, yellow liquid.
The cross section appearance of the waterproof microporous yarn is shown in fig. 4 (the grooves on the surface of the fiber are deformed due to the extrusion of the yarn in the weaving process of the finished fabric); the yarn parameter indexes are as follows:
table 1 technical indices of the waterproof microporous yarn obtained in example one
And weaving, dyeing and finishing the obtained microporous waterproof yarn to finally prepare the finished fabric. The weaving and dyeing and finishing processes are the same as the conventional processes, and the main processes are as follows:
and (3) carrying out a machine covering process on the obtained microporous waterproof yarn and 40D spandex to obtain the polyester spandex core-spun yarn.
Weaving flow: warping, slashing, weaving and finishing;
dyeing and finishing process: the method comprises the following steps of grey cloth-desizing-presetting-cloth coiling-dyeing-color fixing-setting and drying-mid-inspection-finished product setting-finished product packaging.
The high-temperature high-pressure overflow dyeing process adopts disperse dye, and the pH value is controlled to be 5-6. The dyeing process mainly comprises the following steps: melting the materials in water at 40 ℃; heating to 130 ℃, controlling the dyeing temperature to be 120-130 ℃, and controlling the temperature to be 1-2 ℃/min in the heating stage of 70-110 ℃ to ensure that the dye is uniformly adsorbed; dyeing for 50-60 min in a heat preservation way; reducing the temperature to 70 ℃, and carrying out reduction cleaning; the setting temperature is 180 ℃.
Example two
75D/72F polyester-polyurethane four-side stretch woven fabric (85% microporous waterproof polyester and 15% spandex), plain weave and gram weight of 120g/m 2 。
The preparation process of the microporous waterproof yarn is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the specific preparation of the microporous waterproof yarn comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out vacuum drum drying on the PET slices and the PVA master batches at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ until the water content is below 50 PPM;
2) sending 10 parts of the dried PVA master batch into a first screw of a double-screw extruder for melt extrusion at the temperature of 190 ℃ and 210 ℃ (preferably 200 ℃) to obtain a cortex spinning melt; feeding 100 parts of dried PET chips into a second screw of a double-screw extruder for melt extrusion at the temperature of 190 ℃ and 220 ℃ (preferably 200 ℃) to obtain a core layer spinning melt;
3) respectively metering the skin layer spinning melt and the core layer spinning melt by respective metering pumps, feeding the measured melts into a composite spinning box, and spinning by a core type composite spinning assembly to obtain composite fibers; the skin layer spinning temperature is 190-210 ℃ (preferably 200 ℃), and the core layer spinning temperature is 200-210 ℃ (preferably 200 ℃); the spinning speed is 800-1500m/min (preferably 1200m/min), the drafting multiple is 2.3-2.5, the stretching temperature is 70-90 ℃ (preferably 90 ℃), and the cold air temperature is 15-25 ℃;
wherein: PVA master batch: the polyvinyl alcohol film is white, the type PVA-205 has the intrinsic viscosity of 4.6-5.4 and the alcoholysis degree of 86.5-89.0 mol%. PET slicing: chemical fiber, white, intrinsic viscosity 0.66, melting point 180 ℃.
The spinneret plate adopts a special-shaped hole spinneret plate, and a single hole is shown in figure 2. The core layer contains 4 embedded isosceles trapezoid structures, and the material is consistent with that of the skin layer. The specific parameters of the cross section shape of the obtained composite fiber are as follows:
the fiber radius R and the core layer part diameter R are 4/6-5/6R; each isosceles trapezoid structure embedded in the core layer prolongs an included angle a between two waist lines and the upper bottom to be 30-35 degrees; the lower base D is 2/3r (50D/48F for example 1, 75D/72F for example 2, the fineness (diameter) of the monofilaments in both yarns is 1.04D, the number of holes of the spinneret is only different in the manufacturing process, and the process conditions are the same). R is 90 μm, R is 110 μm, and d is 60 μm.
4) The micro-porous forming process of the yarn comprises the following steps: the first hot water washing, the second hot water washing, the cold water washing and the drying are carried out; after hot water washing, the yarn cortex is dissolved, and a core layer structure is left; the fiber cross-section is shown in figure 3.
The temperature of the first hot water washing is 90-100 ℃ (preferably 100 ℃), the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 30min, and the formula is as follows: 0.5-2.0g/L of penetrating agent, 3.0-5.0g/L of sodium carbonate and 0.5-1.5g/L of promoter;
the temperature of the second hot water washing is 70-80 ℃ (preferably 70 ℃), the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 20min, and the formula is as follows: 0.5-1.0g/L of penetrating agent, 2.0-4.0g/L of glacial acetic acid and 0.5-1.0g/L of promoter;
the temperature of cold water washing is 20-25 deg.C, and the time is 20 min; and (3) drying: drying at 130 deg.C for 10 min.
5) Carrying out waterproof treatment on the microporous yarn prepared by the forming process; waterproof treatment: soaking in the waterproof finishing agent solution for 25-30min (80 g/L of waterproof finishing agent), and controlling the temperature at 120-130 ℃ (preferably 120 ℃). And (3) drying for 10min at 130 ℃ after dehydration to obtain the waterproof microporous yarn. The prepared microporous waterproof yarn has the following parameter indexes:
TABLE 2 technical indices of the waterproof microporous yarn obtained in example two
And weaving, dyeing and finishing the obtained microporous waterproof yarn to finally prepare the finished fabric. The weaving and dyeing and finishing processes are the same as the first embodiment.
The obtained fabric is subjected to quantitative effect evaluation in the following way:
1) comparison of air and moisture permeability
TABLE 3 air and moisture permeability results of fabrics obtained in the examples of the present invention
Air permeability test method: GB/T5453-1997 determination of air Permeability of textile fabrics
The moisture permeability test method comprises the following steps: GB/T12704.1-2009 method for moisture permeability Pattern of textile fabrics part 1: wet absorbing method
2) Comparison of buoyancy Performance
TABLE 4 buoyancy Performance results for fabrics made in accordance with the examples of the present invention
The buoyancy test method comprises the following steps:
putting a test sample into a non-water-absorbing sample frame, and loading a heavy object on the sample frame to form a test assembly;
immersing the combination body in water with the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃, and ensuring that the water surface is 100-150 mm higher than the upper surface of the combination body and the residual air in the sample or on the surface is completely discharged.
Keeping the whole assembly in water for 2h, and recording the immersion force value A at the moment.
Finally, taking out the test sample from the sample frame, and recording an immersion force value B measured when the sample frame and the weight are immersed in water; and meanwhile, naturally and flatly and vertically suspending the test sample to enable water to naturally drip, and immediately measuring the gravity value C of the test sample when the test sample does not drip any more (note: when the time interval between two drops of water is not less than 30s, the test sample can be considered to drip no more).
The buoyancy test value at 2h was calculated according to the above procedure and reported as buoyancy F (F ═ B + C-a, in N).
3) Water repellent performance of fabric
TABLE 5 comparison of Water repellency of fabrics made in accordance with the examples of the present invention
The method for testing the water pick-up grade comprises the following steps: method for detecting and evaluating water dipping performance of GB/T4745-
As is clear from tables 3, 4 and 5, the yarn count of example two is thicker than that of example one, and the fabric of example two is thicker, so the moisture permeability is slightly lower; in the embodiment, the two fabrics have similar buoyancy and waterproof performance. According to the embodiment, the microporous waterproof fiber provided by the invention can improve the whole air permeability and moisture permeability of the waterproof fabric, and can improve the whole buoyancy, so that the application is facilitated.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts of the present invention. It should be noted that there are no specific structures but rather a few limitations to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and that many modifications, adaptations, and variations are possible and can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention; such modifications, variations, or combinations, or other applications of the inventive concepts and solutions as may be employed without such modifications, are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The microporous waterproof fiber is characterized in that the main surface of the microporous waterproof fiber has a microporous structure and a waterproof function, the cross section of a single fiber is in a shape of four axisymmetric trapezoidal depressions on a circular projection edge, the included angle of two waistlines extending from each trapezoid at the upper bottom of the edge is 30-35 degrees, and the length of the lower bottom of each trapezoid is 2/3 degrees of the circular radius of the cross section.
2. The microporous waterproof fiber according to claim 1, wherein the main material of the microporous waterproof fiber is one or more of polyester, nylon and spandex.
3. The microporous waterproof fiber according to claim 1, wherein the microporous waterproof fiber has a linear density of 55 to 60dtex and a breaking strength of 3 to 4 cN/tex.
4. A method of preparing a microporous waterproof fiber as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
s1, taking polyvinyl alcohol as a skin layer spinning melt, taking hydrophobic fiber-forming polymer as a core layer spinning melt, and spinning by adopting a skin-core type composite spinning assembly containing a special-shaped hole spinneret plate to obtain a composite fiber assembly with a skin layer and a core layer; the single fiber has a circular cross section, wherein the skin layer is embedded and compounded on the core layer in four axisymmetric trapezoidal shapes;
s2, washing the composite fiber aggregate with alkaline water to dissolve and remove the cortex and form micropores so as to obtain the special-shaped section microporous fiber;
s3, performing waterproof treatment on the special-shaped section microporous fiber by using a waterproof finishing agent to obtain the microporous waterproof fiber.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step S1, the polyvinyl alcohol has an intrinsic viscosity of 4.6 to 5.4; the hydrophobic fiber-forming polymer is one or more of terylene, nylon and spandex.
6. The production method according to claim 4, wherein in the step S1, the ratio of the circular cross-sectional radius of the core layer to the circular cross-sectional radius of the single fiber is 4/6 to 5/6.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step S2, the alkaline washing specifically comprises: washing with water at 90-100 deg.C in the presence of 3-5g/L sodium carbonate, neutralizing at 70-80 deg.C, and washing with cold water.
8. The preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the step S3 specifically includes: and soaking the special-shaped section microporous fiber in a waterproof finishing agent solution, wherein the concentration of the waterproof finishing agent is 60-80g/L, the temperature is controlled to be 120-130 ℃, and the microporous fiber is dehydrated and dried after being soaked for a certain time to obtain the microporous waterproof fiber.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the water repellent finish is an alkyl urea ester; the soaking time is more than 25 min.
10. Use of a microporous waterproof fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in textile weaving and processing, such as a pure or blended microporous waterproof fiber dyeing and finishing fabric.
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