CN115074777B - Large-scale double-layer airtight inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell capable of flexibly running - Google Patents
Large-scale double-layer airtight inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell capable of flexibly running Download PDFInfo
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- CN115074777B CN115074777B CN202210737241.9A CN202210737241A CN115074777B CN 115074777 B CN115074777 B CN 115074777B CN 202210737241 A CN202210737241 A CN 202210737241A CN 115074777 B CN115074777 B CN 115074777B
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000276425 Xiphophorus maculatus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/14—Devices for feeding or crust breaking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/20—Automatic control or regulation of cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/22—Collecting emitted gases
Abstract
The invention discloses a large double-layer sealed inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell capable of flexibly running, which adopts an inert anode to realize aluminum electrolysis, a product generated by the anode of the electrolysis cell is mainly oxygen, and a sealed heat-preserving cover plate is arranged at the upper part of a cell shell and is used for realizing anode heat preservation, temperature elevation of oxygen-enriched flue gas and component enrichment. An air flow heat dissipation control area is arranged above the heat preservation cover plate, a sealed groove cover plate is adopted in the area, air inlet windows are respectively arranged at two ends of the air flow control area, and a gas collecting pipe and an equipped air flow control module are combined to realize controllable adjustment of heat dissipation of the upper part of the electrolytic tank. Meanwhile, the electrolytic tank is provided with a two-section type blanking system and a blanking control module, so that the electrolytic tank can realize blanking as required, collection of oxygen-enriched high-temperature flue gas and adsorption of fluorine-containing gas can be realized, and emission of fluorine-containing pollutants in the flue gas is reduced. The invention not only can realize the flexible operation of the inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell, but also can achieve the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis cells, and particularly relates to a large-scale double-layer airtight inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell capable of flexibly running.
Background
The traditional raw aluminum is produced by Hall-Heroult method (Hall Heroult electrolysis aluminum production method), wherein the anode of aluminum electrolysis is made of carbon material, and the gas generated by the anode is Carbon Oxide (CO) 2 CO), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and other fluorine-containing gases, the emitted gases are primarily greenhouse gases, one of the sources of greenhouse gases responsible for global warming.
Meanwhile, the aluminum electrolysis cell adopting the carbon anode is not beneficial to the controllable adjustment of the heat dissipation, and the flexible operation capability of the electrolysis cell is poor because the anode can be frequently replaced and the heat preservation is carried out by adopting the covering material, so that the heat dissipation on the upper part is uneven in distribution and severe in change, the sealing state can not be realized by the covering material and the cell cover plate, the orderly emission and the management of the flue gas of the electrolysis cell can not be realized.
Aiming at the inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell, the structure of the inert anode is mainly focused at home and abroad, as reported in patent US7282133B2, a heat radiation protection cover is added at the upper part of the inert anode, and the ceramic or metal ceramic inert anode is protected from thermal shock during the operation in the electrolysis cell, so that the service life of the inert anode is prolonged. An inert anode disclosed in US20200115812A1 is a square structure of small thickness, and the invention optimizes the perforated design of the anode to improve the escape of oxygen bubbles under the anode, thereby reducing the pressure drop in the cell bubble layer while achieving the least possible increase in anode current density, ensuring low anode overvoltage, low anode pressure drop and low anode consumption. For the structure of an inert anode electrolytic cell, a vertically arranged inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell is reported in patent US20210332490A2, and an anode and a cathode are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction. None of the above-mentioned patents related to inert anode aluminum electrolysis cells contemplate the thermal balance adjustment of the cell and the strategy of flexible operation of the cell.
Aiming at the aspect of airtight aluminum electrolysis cells, patent CN203668524U discloses a heat-preservation electrolytic cell adopting a carbon anode, and the main idea is to integrate a covering material and a cell cover plate, cancel the covering material of the electrolytic cell, but the cover plate is not in a sealing state, and can not realize the controllable adjustment of upper heat dissipation. Patent CN112831803B discloses a double-layer sealed aluminum electrolysis cell using a carbon anode, the upper flue gas area is divided into a high-temperature flue gas part and a low-temperature flue gas part, the low-temperature flue gas area still can lead to leakage of flue gas, the concentration of flue gas components is not maximized, the upper heat dissipation adjustment and flue gas treatment also have a larger optimization space, the electrolysis cell uses the carbon anode, and frequent replacement is a great challenge for the heat balance adjustment of the electrolysis cell.
From the above, the current carbon anode aluminum electrolysis cell has larger carbon emission, the upper structure is unfavorable for flexible operation of the electrolysis cell, and the aluminum electrolysis cell is difficult to achieve the purposes of deep energy conservation, consumption reduction and emission reduction. While the research on the inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell is mostly focused on an inert anode structure, and the purposes of low energy consumption and flexible operation of the electrolysis cell are not completely achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: aiming at the problems of larger greenhouse gas emission, poor emission order and controllability, lower upper heat utilization rate, poor upper heat dissipation adjustability, poor flexible operation capability of the electrolytic cell and the like of the existing aluminum electrolytic cell, the large double-layer sealed inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell capable of flexible operation is provided so as to improve the flexible operation capability of the electrolytic cell and achieve the aims of energy conservation, consumption reduction and emission reduction of aluminum electrolysis.
The invention solves the problems by the following technical means:
a large-scale double-deck airtight inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell capable of flexible operation comprises a cell shell, a bottom heat preservation lining, a cathode steel bar, a cathode carbon block, a side seepage prevention lining, a side heat preservation lining, a cathode bulge, an anode shunt part and an anode guide rod; the top of the tank shell is provided with a closed heat-preserving cover plate and a sealed tank cover plate; an air flow heat dissipation control area is formed between the sealed groove cover plate and the sealed heat preservation cover plate, an air inlet window is arranged on the end face of the air flow heat dissipation control area, the air flow control heat dissipation area is connected with an air collecting pipeline, and a flow control element is arranged on the air collecting pipeline.
Further, be provided with heat preservation apron temperature detection probe on the closed heat preservation apron, heat preservation apron temperature detection probe is equipped with heat preservation apron temperature detection module, the cell shell side is equipped with lateral part cell shell temperature detection probe, lateral part cell shell temperature detection probe is equipped with lateral part cell shell temperature detection module, still includes control unit and two segmentation unloading systems, control unit includes gas flow control module and unloading control module, heat preservation apron temperature detection module and lateral part cell shell temperature detection module all are connected with the control unit electricity, gas flow control module is connected with flow control element electricity, unloading control module is connected with two segmentation unloading systems electricity.
Further, the cathode steel bar and the anode guide rod are respectively provided with a cathode current detection probe and an anode current detection probe, the cathode current detection probes and the anode current detection probes are respectively provided with an anode current detection module and a cathode current detection module, and the anode current detection module and the cathode current detection module are electrically connected with the control unit.
Further, the air inlet window is arranged close to the closed heat preservation cover plate, and the number of the air inlet window can be 2 or more, and the air inlet window is arranged according to the size of the electrolytic tank.
Further, the gas collecting pipeline comprises a gas collecting main pipeline and a plurality of gas collecting branch pipelines, and the gas collecting branch pipelines are communicated with the gas collecting main pipeline. The air pump is connected to the outside of the main gas collecting pipeline, and the flow control module is used for controlling the negative pressure of the gas collection and the flow velocity of the gas in the main gas collecting pipeline
Further, two segmentation unloading systems include the alumina feed box, with the first definite container of alumina feed box intercommunication, set up at the first unloading cone of first definite container discharge end, promote the first unloading cylinder that the first unloading cone removed, through unloading excessive pipe line and the second definite container of first definite container intercommunication, set up at the second unloading cone of second definite container discharge end and promote the second unloading cylinder that the second unloading cone removed, be provided with flue gas vent and flue gas air inlet on the second definite container.
Further, the flue gas inlet and the second container form an included angle of 30-60 degrees. The flue gas inlet is in an upward state, the flue gas firstly enters the second constant volume container through the flue gas inlet to be adsorbed with alumina in the second constant volume container, after fluoride in the flue gas is adsorbed, the residual flue gas is discharged from the exhaust port, and meanwhile, the alumina is heated.
Further, the inert anode comprises a metal alloy material and a metal inert anode material.
Further, the inert anode structure comprises but is not limited to a vertical arrangement type and a horizontal arrangement type, and the distance between the cathode and the anode is controlled to be 1.2 cm-2.5 cm.
Further, the materials of the sealed trough cover plate and the sealed heat-insulating cover plate comprise, but are not limited to, aluminum-magnesium spinel materials, aluminum oxide-based sintered materials, cermets and the like.
Further, by configuring a distributed anode current detection module, a distributed cathode current detection module and a heat preservation cover plate/side tank shell temperature detection module, distributed information such as current distribution, heat generation distribution, alumina consumption distribution and the like of the electrolytic tank is obtained, and then data information is transmitted to a gas flow control module and a blanking control module to carry out operation and decision, so that the heat balance and the mass balance dynamic regulation and control in the inert anode electrolysis process are realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the traditional covering material is replaced by the closed heat-preserving cover plate, so that the temperature of the oxygen-enriched flue gas in the inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell can be raised and enriched, fluoride in the flue gas can be adsorbed for the first time under the high-temperature environment condition through the two-stage blanking system, the purpose of emission reduction is achieved, and the raising of the flue gas temperature is also more beneficial to the recovery of flue gas waste heat.
Under the condition that the inert anode material technology is mature, a long-time airtight electrolysis system is fully constructed through the design of the invention, black box formation in the electrolysis process is realized, the flue gas temperature is greatly improved, the pollutant concentration is improved, and the treatment cost is reduced.
According to the invention, the air flow heat dissipation control area is constructed at the upper part of the closed heat preservation cover plate, the sealed groove cover plate is adopted, the circulation and control of air in the air flow heat dissipation control area are realized only through the air inlet window and the air collecting pipeline, the control of the heat dissipation of the upper part of the electrolytic tank is realized by adjusting the exchange quantity of cold and hot air flow, the effective regulation and control of the heat balance of the electrolytic tank are further realized, and the flexible operation capacity of the electrolytic tank is enhanced.
According to the invention, through implementation detection of cathode current, anode current, temperature of the closed heat-preserving cover plate and temperature of the side tank shell of the electrolytic tank, and the signal and data transmission control unit, the discharging control module and the gas flow control module of the control unit are used for respectively controlling discharging and upper gas discharging, real-time adjustment of mass balance and heat balance of the electrolytic tank can be realized, and intelligent production is facilitated.
According to the electrolytic tank, the double-layer corrosion-resistant closed cover plate is arranged at the upper part of the electrolytic tank to replace the traditional anode covering material and the tank cover plate, and the problem of dynamic regulation and control of heat balance in the inert anode electrolysis process is solved by utilizing the upper gas heat flow control; the two-stage blanking system is adopted to synchronously realize the functions of alumina blanking and oxygen-enriched flue gas collection and purification, so that the purposes of improving the temperature and the component concentration of the oxygen-enriched flue gas, and facilitating flue gas treatment and waste heat utilization are achieved.
In a word, the invention innovates the upper structure, reasonably enriches and discharges the flue gas of the electrolytic tank, improves the blanking system and adjusts the upper heat dissipation in real time, so that the purposes of energy conservation, emission reduction and flexible operation of the aluminum electrolytic tank are achieved together, the intelligent operation of the electrolytic tank is facilitated, the capability of the electrolytic tank for resisting current fluctuation is further realized, and the novel energy power consumption with the characteristics of fluctuation, seasonality and the like can be facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage blanking system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a sealed trough cover plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an electrolytic cell employing a claw-type inert anode configuration;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an electrolytic cell employing a disk type inert anode configuration.
Reference numerals in the drawings:
1-cell shell, 2-bottom insulation lining, 3-cathode steel bar, 4-cathode carbon block, 5-side impermeable lining, 6-side insulation lining, 7-cathode protrusion, 8-anode protrusion, 9-anode shunt component, 10-closed insulation cover plate, 11-sealed cell cover plate, 12-air inlet window, 13-gas collecting pipeline, 1301-gas collecting branch pipeline, 1302-gas collecting main pipeline, 14-anode guide rod, 15-two-stage blanking system, 1501-second blanking cone, 1502-second blanking cylinder, 1503-second fixed container, 1504-blanking transition pipeline, 1505-first blanking cone, 1506-alumina feed box, 1507-first fixed container, 1508-first blanking cylinder, 1509-exhaust port, 1510-flue gas inlet, 16-insulation cover plate temperature detection probe, 17-side cell shell temperature detection probe, 18-claw type inert anode structure, 19-disc type inert anode structure.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the large-scale double-layer sealed inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell capable of flexibly running in the embodiment comprises a cell shell 1, a bottom heat preservation lining 2, a cathode steel bar 3, a cathode carbon block 4, a side impermeable lining 5, a side heat preservation lining 6, a cathode bulge 7, an anode bulge 8, an anode shunt part 9 and an anode guide rod 14; the top of the tank shell is provided with a closed heat-preserving cover plate 10 and a sealed tank cover plate 11.
An air flow heat dissipation control area is formed between the sealed groove cover plate and the sealed heat preservation cover plate, an air inlet window 12 is arranged on the end face of the air flow heat dissipation control area, the air flow control heat dissipation area is connected with a gas collecting pipeline 13, and a flow control element is arranged on the gas collecting pipeline. The closed heat preservation apron is last to be provided with heat preservation apron temperature detection probe 16, heat preservation apron temperature detection probe is equipped with heat preservation apron temperature detection module, the cell shell side is equipped with lateral part cell shell temperature detection probe 17, lateral part cell shell temperature detection probe is equipped with lateral part cell shell temperature detection module, still includes control unit and two segmentation unloading system 15, control unit includes gas flow control module and unloading control module, heat preservation apron temperature detection module and lateral part cell shell temperature detection module all are connected with the control unit electricity, gas flow control module is connected with flow control element electricity, unloading control module is connected with two segmentation unloading system electricity. The cathode steel bar and the anode guide rod are respectively provided with a cathode current detection probe and an anode current detection probe, the cathode current detection probes and the anode current detection probes are respectively provided with an anode current detection module and a cathode current detection module, and the anode current detection module and the cathode current detection module are electrically connected with the control unit.
Specifically, the air inlet window 12 is disposed near the upper surface of the sealed heat-preserving cover plate 10, the gas collecting pipe 13 is disposed in the middle of the electrolytic tank, and the gas collecting pipe 13 includes a gas collecting branch pipe 1301 and a gas collecting main pipe 1302. The windows and ducts are arranged in such a way that the upper flow control area of the cell is more uniform and that the air, after entering from the inlet window 12, flows as far as possible through the entire flow heat dissipation control area. Meanwhile, the air pump is connected to the outside of the air collecting main pipeline 1302, and the flow control module is used for controlling the air collecting negative pressure and the flow rate of the air in the air collecting pipeline, so that the controllable adjustment of the convective heat transfer of the air at the upper part is realized.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the two-stage blanking system includes an alumina bin 1506, a first fixed container 1507 that is communicated with the alumina bin, a first blanking cone 1505 that is disposed at a discharge end of the first fixed container, a first blanking cylinder 1508 that pushes the first blanking cone to move, a second fixed container 1503 that is communicated with the first fixed container through a blanking transition pipe 1504, a second blanking cone 1501 that is disposed at a discharge end of the second fixed container, and a second blanking cylinder 1502 that pushes the second blanking cone to move, wherein a smoke exhaust port 1509 and a smoke air inlet 1510 are disposed on the second fixed container. The working principle of the two-section type blanking system is as follows: alumina is first stored in an alumina bin 1506 and is caused to drop into a first holding vessel by sliding the first blanking cylinder 1508 and the first blanking cone 1505 up and down. Further, alumina enters the second constant volume container 1503 through the blanking transition pipeline 1504, and the alumina fully contacts and performs adsorption reaction with the flue gas entering through the flue gas inlet 1510 in the second constant volume container 1503, so that fluoride can be adsorbed on the alumina while the alumina is heated, and the flue gas is purified to a certain extent. Finally, after receiving the discharging command of the discharging control module, the fluorine-containing alumina particles enter the electrolytic tank through the gravity action by the up-down sliding of the second discharging cone 1501 and the second discharging cylinder.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the flue gas inlet 1510 is in an upward state, and forms an angle of 30 ° to 60 ° with the vertical direction of the second constant volume device, so as to prevent fluorine-containing alumina particles from erroneously entering the electrolytic cell when no discharging command is executed. The outside of the flue gas exhaust port 1509 is connected with an air pump to force the flue gas in the electrolytic cell to be exhausted outwards gradually.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, current detection data of an anode current module and a cathode current module predict current distribution inside an electrolytic tank through a neural network algorithm, the data are transmitted to a gas flow control module and a blanking control module, meanwhile, data of a heat insulation cover plate and a side tank shell temperature detection module are transmitted to the gas flow control module and the blanking control module, finally, the heat balance and the mass balance state of the electrolytic tank are judged through the information, and control decisions of gas flow and blanking are jointly achieved.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, 4 and 5, the inert anode structure in the present invention may be that the anode and the cathode are vertically arranged in parallel, as shown in fig. 1; the anodes can also be horizontally arranged in parallel, such as a claw-type inert anode structure 18 and a disc-type inert anode structure 19 in fig. 4 and 5, and the number and arrangement mode of the anodes can be adjusted according to the inert anode structure, and the anode-to-anode separation is controlled between 1.2cm and 2.5cm without being limited by the embodiment of the invention.
Application example:
taking a certain 400kA inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell as an example, adopting a vertical platy inert anode to carry out electrolysis, simultaneously arranging a raised platy cathode structure on the surface of a cathode carbon block, and controlling the polar distance to be 1.5cm plus or minus 0.3cm by staggering the anode and the cathode. Under normal tank conditions, the negative pressure of the air pump connected with the outside of the flue gas exhaust port is set to be-100 Pa, the negative pressure of the external air pump connected with the air collecting main pipeline connected with the air flow control area is set to be-250 Pa, the average gas flow speed of the air flow control area is 2m/s, and the blanking interval of the two-stage blanking system is 120s. When the total current of the electrolytic tank is increased by 5% under abnormal tank conditions, real-time fluctuation data of the current are found through the anode current and cathode current detection modules, and meanwhile, the temperature detection module detects that the temperature of the side part of the electrolytic tank is increased by 5 ℃, and the surface temperature of the upper heat-preservation cover plate is increased by 8 ℃. After feeding back the data of the modules to the blanking control module and the gas flow control module, rapidly adjusting the blanking interval to 113s so as to achieve a new state of alumina consumption and blanking mass balance after current is increased; the negative pressure of the external air pump connected with the gas collecting main pipeline is set to be-259 Pa, so that the average flow speed of gas is increased to 2.1m/s, and the heat radiation of the upper part of the electrolytic tank is increased, so that the heat income increase caused by current increase is counteracted. Through the automatic adjustment of heat dissipation and blanking, the operation of the electrolytic tank can reach a normal state rapidly after about 20 minutes, and the flexible operation and adjustment of the electrolytic tank are realized.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A large-scale double-deck airtight inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell capable of flexible operation comprises a cell shell, a bottom heat preservation lining, a cathode steel bar, a cathode carbon block, a side seepage prevention lining, a side heat preservation lining, a cathode bulge, an anode shunt part and an anode guide rod; the method is characterized in that: the top of the tank shell is provided with a closed heat-preserving cover plate and a sealed tank cover plate; an air flow heat dissipation control area is formed between the sealed groove cover plate and the sealed heat preservation cover plate, an air inlet window is arranged on the end face of the air flow heat dissipation control area, the air flow control heat dissipation area is connected with an air collecting pipeline, and a flow control element is arranged on the air collecting pipeline; the utility model discloses a thermal insulation cover plate, including casing, lateral part casing, control unit, unloading system, control unit, gas flow control module and unloading control module, thermal insulation cover plate temperature detection probe is provided with thermal insulation cover plate temperature detection module on the closed thermal insulation cover plate, the casing side is equipped with lateral part casing temperature detection probe, lateral part casing temperature detection probe is equipped with lateral part casing temperature detection module, still includes control unit and two segmentation unloading system, control unit includes gas flow control module and unloading control module, thermal insulation cover plate temperature detection module and lateral part casing temperature detection module all are connected with the control unit electricity, gas flow control module is connected with flow control element electricity, unloading control module is connected with two segmentation unloading system electricity.
2. The flexible operation large double containment inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 1, wherein: the cathode steel bar and the anode guide rod are respectively provided with a cathode current detection probe and an anode current detection probe, the cathode current detection probes and the anode current detection probes are respectively provided with an anode current detection module and a cathode current detection module, and the anode current detection module and the cathode current detection module are electrically connected with the control unit.
3. The flexible operation large double-layer closed inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 2, wherein: the air inlet window is arranged close to the closed heat-preserving cover plate.
4. A large, flexible operation double containment inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 3, wherein: the gas collecting pipeline comprises a gas collecting main pipeline and a plurality of gas collecting branch pipelines, and the gas collecting branch pipelines are communicated with the gas collecting main pipeline.
5. The flexible operation large double containment inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 4, wherein: the two-section type blanking system comprises an alumina feed box, a first fixed container communicated with the alumina feed box, a first blanking cone arranged at the discharge end of the first fixed container, a first blanking cylinder pushing the first blanking cone to move, a second fixed container communicated with the first fixed container through a blanking transition pipeline, a second blanking cone arranged at the discharge end of the second fixed container and a second blanking cylinder pushing the second blanking cone to move, wherein a smoke exhaust port and a smoke air inlet are formed in the second fixed container.
6. The flexible operation large double containment inert anode aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 5, wherein: the included angle between the flue gas inlet and the second fixed container is 30-60 degrees.
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