CN115074563A - High-strength-toughness low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength-toughness low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115074563A CN115074563A CN202210746909.6A CN202210746909A CN115074563A CN 115074563 A CN115074563 A CN 115074563A CN 202210746909 A CN202210746909 A CN 202210746909A CN 115074563 A CN115074563 A CN 115074563A
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229910009378 Zn Ca Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/04—Alloys based on magnesium with zinc or cadmium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-strength-toughness low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy, which comprises the following steps of 1, carrying out smelting casting on the low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy to obtain a Mg-Zn-Ca alloy ingot; step 2, carrying out solid solution treatment on the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy ingot to obtain an ingot with a second phase fully solid-dissolved; and 3, carrying out low-temperature extrusion on the solid-solution-state cast ingot to obtain an extruded Mg-Zn-Ca alloy. The Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with low alloy content can be successfully formed under low-temperature extrusion through low alloy content and solution treatment. Meanwhile, the growth of recrystallized grains is greatly inhibited by the lower extrusion temperature, so that a bimodal structure of ultrafine recrystallized grains and coarse deformed grains is obtained, and the low-alloy-content magnesium alloy with excellent strength and good plasticity is prepared. The invention also relates to a high-strength-toughness low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to a high-toughness low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The magnesium alloy is used as the lightest metal structure material in industrial application, and has wide application prospect in the light-weight fields of aerospace, automobiles and the like.
However, since Mg has an hcp structure, the magnesium alloy has a low slip system, and thus has poor room temperature strength and plasticity. The yield strength of traditional commercial magnesium alloys is often below 300MPa, greatly limiting their applications. Currently, magnesium alloys with excellent yield strength (especially greater than 300MPa) are mostly high alloy content rare earth magnesium alloys. However, room temperature plasticity and formability are often poor due to the presence of a large amount of the second phase. In addition, the use of rare earth elements greatly increases the preparation cost of the magnesium alloy. The magnesium alloy with ultra-fine grain structure can be prepared by severe plastic deformation technology, thereby being beneficial to obtaining excellent mechanical property. However, the prepared material has small size, complex process and low processing efficiency, and is difficult to realize industrial application.
The Mg-Zn-Ca alloy has good comprehensive mechanical property and excellent biocompatibility. Compared with rare earth magnesium alloy, the alloy elements added in the series of alloy have low cost and low density. However, most ternary Mg-Zn-Ca alloys also have yield strengths below 300 MPa. Further, Mg 2 Ca and Ca 2 Mg 6 Zn 3 The presence of such second phases accelerates corrosion of the magnesium alloy. These disadvantages greatly limit the widespread use of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys.
Hot extrusion is an efficient material preparation technique and is widely used in industrial production. However, since magnesium alloys have poor formability, extrusion thereof is generally performed at 300 ℃ or higher. Therefore, the yield strength of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys is mostly 100-250MPa, which is mainly related to coarse (>5 μm) recrystallized grains. On the other hand, since the formability of the magnesium alloy commonly used in industry is poor, smooth forming is generally difficult when low-temperature extrusion is performed at 200 ℃ or lower, resulting in low yield, and industrial application cannot be realized.
Therefore, the development of the magnesium alloy with low alloy content, low cost and high performance has important significance for expanding the application of the magnesium alloy with low alloy content.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is as follows: the method can obtain a bimodal structure of ultrafine recrystallized grains and coarse deformed grains, so that the magnesium alloy with low alloy content and excellent strength and plasticity is prepared.
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the second purpose of the invention is as follows: provides a high-strength, tough and low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy which has a bimodal structure of ultrafine recrystallized grains and coarse deformed grains, and has excellent strength and good plasticity.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of high-strength-toughness low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy comprises the following steps,
step 1, carrying out smelting casting on Mg-Zn-Ca alloy to obtain an Mg-Zn-Ca alloy ingot, wherein the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8 to 1.5 weight percent of Zn, 0.08 to 0.14 weight percent of Ca, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities;
step 2, carrying out solid solution treatment on the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy ingot to obtain an ingot with a second phase fully dissolved;
and 3, carrying out low-temperature extrusion on the solid-solution-state cast ingot to obtain an extruded Mg-Zn-Ca alloy.
Further, the step 1 is realized by adding pure Mg, pure Zn and Mg-Ca intermediate alloy in sequence according to the mass percentage of the alloy components, smelting under the protection of inert atmosphere, wherein the smelting temperature is 700-730 ℃, refining and standing for 25-35min after complete smelting, and casting after skimming the surface scum to obtain the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy ingot.
Further, in the step 1, the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.2 wt% of Zn, 0.1 wt% of Ca, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities.
Further, the parameters of the solution treatment in the step 2 are that the solution temperature is 370-.
Furthermore, the parameters of the solution treatment in the step 2 are that the solution temperature is 375 ℃ and the solution time is 24 h.
Further, the implementation manner of step 3 is: before extrusion, the blank is kept at the extrusion temperature of 150-.
Further, the implementation manner of step 3 is: before extrusion, the blank is kept at the extrusion temperature of 150 ℃ for 30 min.
A high-strength-toughness low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy is prepared by a preparation method of the high-strength-toughness low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
in the prior art, the low-alloy magnesium alloy generally has low mechanical property due to lack of effective precipitated phases, large crystal grains and the like, and is difficult to meet the application in the field of lightweight structures. On the one hand, extrusion of magnesium alloys is generally carried out at temperatures above 300 ℃ due to their poor formability. Therefore, the yield strength of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys is mostly 100-250MPa, which is mainly related to coarse (>5 μm) recrystallized grains. On the other hand, since the formability of the magnesium alloy commonly used in industry is poor, smooth forming is generally difficult when low-temperature extrusion is performed at 200 ℃ or lower, resulting in low yield, and industrial application cannot be realized.
According to the invention, through low alloy content and solution treatment, the content of the second phase is reduced, the flow stress of the second phase is reduced, the low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy is suitable for extrusion at a lower temperature, and the smooth forming of the low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy under the low-temperature extrusion is ensured. Meanwhile, the growth of recrystallized grains is greatly inhibited by the lower extrusion temperature, so that a bimodal structure of superfine recrystallized grains and coarse deformed grains is obtained, the low-alloy-content magnesium alloy with excellent strength and good plasticity is prepared, a simple and effective preparation method is provided for high strengthening and toughening of the low-alloy-content magnesium alloy, and the application potential of the low-alloy-content magnesium alloy in the fields of lightweight structural materials and biomedicine can be expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the metallographic structure (150 ℃ C. extrusion) at low magnification in example 1.
FIG. 2 shows the metallographic structure at high magnification (150 ℃ C. extrusion) in example 1.
FIG. 3 shows the metallographic structure (200 ℃ C. extrusion) of example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high-strength-toughness low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy comprises the following steps:
step 1, according to the mass percentage of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy components: zn: 1.2 wt%, Ca: 0.1 wt% and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements, sequentially adding raw materials such as pure Mg, pure Zn, Mg-Ca intermediate alloy and the like under the protection of inert atmosphere, smelting at the temperature of 700-.
And 2, carrying out solid solution treatment on the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy ingot at 375 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain an ingot with a second phase fully solid-dissolved.
And 3, carrying out low-temperature extrusion treatment on the solid solution alloy, wherein the extrusion mainly comprises the following steps: the ingot was processed into a cylindrical charge having a diameter of 50mm and a height of 40 mm. Before extrusion, the billet is kept at the extrusion temperature for 30 min. The extrusion temperature is 150 ℃, the extrusion rate is 2mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 17.4:1, and finally the extruded Mg-Zn-Ca alloy is obtained. And immediately cooling the extrusion rod by water after the extrusion is finished.
The invention also provides the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with high strength, toughness and low alloy content, which is prepared by the method.
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure of the 150 ℃ extruded magnesium alloy at a low magnification viewed perpendicularly to the extrusion direction, and it can be seen that the extruded rod has a typical bimodal structure of fine recrystallized grains + coarse deformed grains, and the recrystallization fraction was found to be 67.2. + -. 1.7%.
FIG. 2 shows a metallographic structure of 150 ℃ extruded magnesium alloy at high magnification, as viewed perpendicular to the extrusion direction. The average recrystallized grain size was-0.8 μm as measured by the line intercept method.
The room temperature stretching result shows that the tensile strength of the 150 ℃ extruded magnesium alloy is 374.4 +/-8.2 MPa, the yield strength is 374.0 +/-8.2 MPa, and the elongation is 14.2 +/-1.9%.
Example 2
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in step 3.
And (3) extruding: the ingot was processed into a cylindrical charge having a diameter of 50mm and a height of 40 mm. Before extrusion, the billet is kept at the extrusion temperature for 30 min. The extrusion temperature is 200 ℃, the extrusion rate is 2mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 17.4:1, and finally the extruded Mg-Zn-Ca alloy is obtained. And immediately cooling the extrusion rod by water after the extrusion is finished.
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure of a 200 ℃ extruded sample observed perpendicularly to the machine direction, and the microstructure thereof was a completely recrystallized structure and the average recrystallized grain size was 3.3. mu.m.
The room temperature tensile result shows that the tensile strength of the magnesium alloy extruded at 200 ℃ is 234.8 +/-2.9 MPa, the yield strength is 159.0 +/-4.5 MPa, and the elongation is 35.2 +/-1.4%.
Table 1 is a summary of the average recrystallized grain size and mechanical properties of examples 1 and 2.
As can be seen from Table 1, the 150 ℃ extrusion sample has an excellent yield strength of 374MPa, which is much higher than the 200 ℃ extrusion sample (159.0 MPa). At the same time, it can be seen that the 150 ℃ extruded sample still maintains good room temperature plasticity (14.2%).
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with low alloy content, which has low alloy content and effectively avoids galvanic corrosion effect caused by a second phase. In addition, the low content of the alloying elements avoids the deterioration of the room-temperature plasticity and the forming capability of the magnesium alloy caused by the second phase and the solid solution atoms.
(2) The selected alloy elements are Zn and Ca with low cost, so that the alloy cost is reduced. Meanwhile, Zn and Ca have excellent biocompatibility, so that the application in the field of biological materials can be met.
(3) The invention provides an effective way for realizing high strength and toughness of the magnesium alloy with low alloy content. By the technical route of low alloy content, solid solution treatment and low-temperature extrusion, a bimodal structure of superfine recrystallized grains (about 0.8 mu m) and coarse deformed grains is obtained, the tensile yield strength reaches 374MPa, the elongation is 14.2%, and the alloy has excellent yield strength and good room-temperature plasticity, so that the application potential of the alloy in the field of lightweight structural materials is expanded.
(4) The toughening preparation method selected by the invention is extrusion, can be used for production of parts and preparation of large block materials, is an efficient material preparation technology, and is simple and convenient to popularize and use.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of high-strength-toughness low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step 1, carrying out smelting casting on Mg-Zn-Ca alloy to obtain an Mg-Zn-Ca alloy ingot, wherein the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8 to 1.5 weight percent of Zn, 0.08 to 0.14 weight percent of Ca and the balance of Mg;
step 2, carrying out solid solution treatment on the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy ingot to obtain an ingot with a second phase fully solid-dissolved;
and 3, carrying out low-temperature extrusion on the solid-solution-state cast ingot to obtain an extruded Mg-Zn-Ca alloy.
2. The method for preparing the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with high strength, toughness and low alloy content according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the implementation mode of the step 1 is that according to the mass percentage of the alloy components, pure Mg, pure Zn and Mg-Ca intermediate alloy are sequentially added, smelting is carried out under the protection of inert atmosphere, the smelting temperature is 700-.
3. The method for preparing the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with high strength, toughness and low alloy content according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 1, the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.2 wt% of Zn, 0.1 wt% of Ca, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities.
4. The method for preparing the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with high strength, toughness and low alloy content according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the parameters of the solution treatment in the step 2 are that the solution temperature is 370-400 ℃, and the solution time is 12-24 h.
5. The method for preparing the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with high strength, toughness and low alloy content according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the parameters of the solid solution treatment in the step 2 are that the solid solution temperature is 375 ℃, and the solid solution time is 24 h.
6. The method for preparing the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with high strength, toughness and low alloy content according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the implementation mode of the step 3 is as follows: before extrusion, the blank is kept at the extrusion temperature of 150-.
7. The method for preparing the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with high strength, toughness and low alloy content according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the implementation mode of the step 3 is as follows: before extrusion, the blank is kept at the extrusion temperature of 150 ℃ for 30 min.
8. A high-strength-toughness low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy is characterized in that: the high-strength high-toughness low-alloy-content Mg-Zn-Ca alloy is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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Citations (4)
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CN105568102A (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2016-05-11 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Magnesium alloy, preparation method of magnesium alloy and preparation method of magnesium alloy member |
CN106148784A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2016-11-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of low cost room temperature high-ductility wrought magnesium alloy material and preparation technology thereof |
CN109266935A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-01-25 | 东北大学 | A kind of wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof with nano-structure |
US20200056270A1 (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2020-02-20 | Posco | Highly molded magnesium alloy sheet and method for manufacturing same |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105568102A (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2016-05-11 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Magnesium alloy, preparation method of magnesium alloy and preparation method of magnesium alloy member |
CN106148784A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2016-11-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of low cost room temperature high-ductility wrought magnesium alloy material and preparation technology thereof |
US20200056270A1 (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2020-02-20 | Posco | Highly molded magnesium alloy sheet and method for manufacturing same |
CN109266935A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-01-25 | 东北大学 | A kind of wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof with nano-structure |
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