CN115069094A - Nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing and preparation method - Google Patents
Nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
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- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/38—Polyalkenylalcohols; Polyalkenylesters; Polyalkenylethers; Polyalkenylaldehydes; Polyalkenylketones; Polyalkenylacetals; Polyalkenylketals
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/40—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
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- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0092—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the electrical field, e.g. combined with a magnetic fields, using biased or alternating fields
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/36—Matrix structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/12—Specific ratios of components used
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2323/39—Electrospinning
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of desiccant preparation. The solid desiccant disclosed by the invention has the advantages of strong moisture absorption capacity, high moisture absorption rate, low desorption temperature, no liquid generation, no corrosiveness, reproducibility and light weight, and the comfort level of protective clothing can be greatly improved by applying the solid desiccant to the protective clothing for dehumidification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing and a preparation method thereof; belongs to the technical field of desiccant preparation.
Background
With the rapid development of science and technology, the properties of protective clothing, such as protection, physical and mechanical properties, are greatly improved, but the comfort of the protective clothing needs to be improved.
At present, protective clothing is poor in air permeability and moisture permeability, and is not beneficial to perspiration and heat dissipation after being worn for a long time, and particularly important is to find a drying agent which can be applied to the protective clothing.
At present, the commonly used drying agents are mainly divided into two types, one type is a non-deliquescent drying agent such as silica gel, a molecular sieve, active carbon and the like, and the non-deliquescent drying agent has a huge specific surface area due to a large amount of pores and can adsorb moisture through capillary adsorption, but the common defects of the dehumidifying agents are weak moisture absorption capacity, slow speed, small capacity, high resolving temperature and the like, and the dehumidifying effect is not obvious when the dehumidifying agent is applied to protective clothing; the other is deliquescent desiccant such as calcium chloride, lithium bromide and the like, which has strong moisture absorption capacity, high speed, large capacity and low desorption temperature, but is often accompanied by liquid generation, and some inorganic salts have strong corrosiveness, so that the deliquescent desiccant is not suitable for being applied to protective clothing.
Therefore, the novel nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for the protective clothing and the preparation method are provided, the novel nanofiber membrane solid desiccant is strong in moisture absorption capacity, high in moisture absorption rate, low in resolution temperature, free of liquid generation, non-corrosive, renewable and light in weight, and can be applied to the protective clothing for dehumidification, the comfort level of the protective clothing can be greatly improved, and the technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the technical field is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing, which overcomes the defect that the existing desiccant cannot be applied to the protective clothing, has strong moisture absorption capacity, high moisture absorption rate, low desorption temperature, no liquid generation, no corrosiveness, reproducibility and light weight, is applied to the protective clothing for dehumidification, and can greatly improve the comfort level of the protective clothing.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing comprises one or more polymer nanofiber membranes; the polymer nanofiber membrane is a single-component polymer nanofiber membrane or a multi-component polymer nanofiber membrane, or a single-component polymer nanofiber membrane doped with one inorganic salt or a plurality of inorganic salts, or a multi-component polymer nanofiber membrane doped with one inorganic salt or a plurality of inorganic salts.
Preferably, the polymer in the single-component polymer nanofiber membrane is polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid or sodium alginate.
Preferably, the multi-component polymer nanofiber membrane is a mixture of one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid and sodium alginate and one or more of polyacrylonitrile and polyamide 6 in any proportion.
Preferably, the inorganic salt is one or a mixture of several of lithium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium bromide, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, aluminum chloride, potassium carbonate, sodium sulfate and potassium acetate in any proportion.
Preferably, the doping amount of the inorganic salt is 0.1 wt% to 20 wt%.
Preferably, the nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for the protective clothing is a PVP/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane, or a PVP/PAN/LiCl/CaCl composite nanofiber membrane 2 Composite nanofiber membrane or PVP/PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for the protective clothing.
A preparation method of a nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving a polymer in a solvent, and stirring by using a magnetic stirrer to prepare 5-30 wt% of spinning solution A, spinning solution B and/or spinning solution C;
(2) and adding the prepared spinning solution A, the prepared spinning solution B and/or the prepared spinning solution C into a spray nozzle, setting spinning parameters, and performing electrostatic spinning to obtain the nanofiber membrane.
Preferably, after step (2), adding step (3): and (3) drying the prepared nanofiber membrane in a vacuum drying oven.
Preferably, the polymer in the step (1) is one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid and sodium alginate; or a mixture of one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid and sodium alginate and one or more of polyacrylonitrile and polyamide 6 in any proportion.
Preferably, the solvent in step (1) is one or a mixture of several of N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-dimethylformamide, formic acid or water in any proportion.
Preferably, the concentration of the spinning solution A, the spinning solution B and/or the spinning solution C in the step (1) is 5-30 wt%.
Preferably, the magnetic stirring time in the step (1) is 0.5-24 h.
Preferably, the showerhead in the step (2) is an island type showerhead.
Preferably, the parameters of the electrostatic spinning in the step (2) are as follows: the voltage is 15kV to 50kV, the aperture of the spray head is 0.2mm to 3mm, the flow rate of the spinning solution A, the spinning solution B and/or the spinning solution C is 0.1 mL/h to 2mL/h, the distance from the needle head to the receiving roller is 10cm to 30cm, preferably 15cm to 20cm, the temperature of the spinning environment is 20 ℃ to 50 ℃, and the relative humidity of the spinning environment is 30 percent to 80 percent.
Preferably, the spinning solution A and the spinning solution B in the step (2) are PVP spinning solution, PVA/LiCl spinning solution or PAA spinning solution.
Preferably, the dope C in the step (2) is PA6/LiCl dope or PAN dope.
Preferably, the main component of the nanofiber membrane obtained in step (2) is polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyamide 6, polyvinylpyrrolidone/sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid/polyacrylonitrile, or polyacrylic acid/sodium alginate.
Has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the existing drying agent, the nanofiber membrane solid drying agent for protective clothing has the advantages of strong moisture absorption capacity, high moisture absorption rate, low resolution temperature, no liquid generation, no corrosiveness, reproducibility and light weight, is applied to the protective clothing for dehumidification, and can greatly improve the comfort level of the protective clothing; the island-type sprayer adopting the electrostatic spinning technology for spinning has the advantages of simple preparation, high preparation efficiency, various spinning types and the like, and shows great application prospect.
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and detailed description of the invention, which are not meant to limit the scope of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an island-shaped spray head used for spinning in the preparation of a nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a local scanning electron microscope image of PVP/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane obtained in example 2 of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the moisture absorption effect of the nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, the starting materials are all conventional starting materials available on the market, the equipment is all conventional in the art, and the methods are all common in the art.
In order to more clearly illustrate the advantages of the present invention, the embodiments and effects of the present invention are further illustrated by specific examples; it is to be understood that not all embodiments described herein are provided. All other embodiments that can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the invention belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing according to the present invention; the preparation process of the nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing comprises the following steps: dissolving PVP/PAN/LiCl in a solvent, and uniformly stirring by using a magnetic stirrer to obtain a PVP/PAN/LiCl spinning solution; then, adding the prepared PVP/PAN/LiCl spinning solution into an island-type sprayer (shown in figure 2), and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain a PVP/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane; FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an island-shaped spray head used for spinning in the preparation of the nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing according to the present invention; as shown in fig. 3, a local scanning electron microscope image of the PVP/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane obtained in example 2 of the present invention is shown, the model of the scanning electron microscope used is JSM-7500F, and the magnification is 5000 times; FIG. 4 is a graph showing the moisture absorption effect of the nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
moisture absorption performance test: putting the nanofiber membrane prepared by the method into a vacuum drying oven with the temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 2 hours, weighing and recording as M1; then, putting the material into a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, weighing the material once every 4h for the first 12h and once every 12h for the second 36h with a period of 48h, weighing the material 6 times in total, and calculating the moisture absorption rate by taking the weight as M2, wherein the calculation formula of the moisture absorption rate is as follows:
η1＝(M2-M1)/M1×100％。
example 1
(1) Weighing 1.1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and 0.4g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), dissolving in 10mL of N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) to prepare a solution with the concentration of 13.8 wt%; stirring for 6 hours at room temperature by using a magnetic stirrer to fully dissolve the PVP/PAN spinning solution, standing for defoaming to obtain the uniformly mixed PVP/PAN spinning solution for later use;
(2) adding the prepared PVP/PAN spinning solution into an island-type sprayer, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain the PVP/PAN composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 20kV, the aperture of the nozzle is 2mm, the flow rate of the spinning stock solution is 0.5ml/h, the distance from the spinning nozzle to the receiving roller is 15cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 60r/min, the temperature of the spinning environment is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity of the surrounding environment is 30%;
(3) putting the prepared PVP/PAN composite nanofiber membrane into a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 2h, weighing, recording as M1, then putting into a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, weighing every 4h for the first 12h and every 12h for the second 36h with a period of 48h, weighing for 6 times in total, recording the weight as M2, calculating the moisture absorption rate, representing the moisture absorption performance of the PVP/PAN composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the moisture absorption rate of the PVP/PAN composite nanofiber membrane is 79% -111%.
Example 2
(1) Weighing 1.1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 0.4g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 0.6g of lithium chloride (LiCl), dissolving in 10mL of N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) to prepare a solution with the concentration of 18.3 wt%, stirring for 6 hours at room temperature by using a magnetic stirrer to fully dissolve the solution, standing for defoaming, and obtaining uniformly mixed PVP/PAN/LiCl spinning solution for later use;
(2) adding the prepared PVP/PAN/LiCl spinning solution into an island-type sprayer, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain the PVP/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 20kV, the aperture of the nozzle is 2mm, the flow rate of the spinning stock solution is 0.5ml/h, the distance from the spinning nozzle to the receiving roller is 15cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 60r/min, the temperature of the spinning environment is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity of the surrounding environment is 30%;
(3) putting the prepared PVP/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane into a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 2h, weighing, and recording as M1, then putting the PVP/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane into a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, weighing once every 4h for the first 12h and once every 12h for the second 36h with the period of 48h, weighing 6 times in total, and recording as M2; calculating the moisture absorption rate of the PVP/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane, and representing the moisture absorption performance of the PVP/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the moisture absorption rate is 100% -123%.
Example 3
(1) 1.1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 0.4g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 0.6g of calcium chloride (CaCl) were weighed out 2 ) Dissolving in 10mL of N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) to prepare a solution with the concentration of 18.3 wt%, stirring for 6 hours at room temperature by using a magnetic stirrer to fully dissolve the solution, standing for defoaming, and obtaining PVP/PAN/CaCl which is uniformly mixed 2 Spinning solution for later use;
(2) the prepared PVP/PAN/CaCl 2 Adding the spinning solution into an island-shaped spray head, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain PVP/PAN/CaCl 2 The composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 20kV, the aperture of the nozzle is 2mm, the flow rate of the spinning stock solution is 0.5ml/h, the distance from the spinning nozzle to the receiving roller is 15cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 60r/min, the temperature of the spinning environment is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity of the surrounding environment is 40%;
(3) the prepared PVP/PAN/CaCl 2 Putting the composite nanofiber membrane into a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 2h, weighing, recording as M1, then putting the composite nanofiber membrane into a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, weighing every 4h for the first 12h, weighing every 12h for the last 36h, weighing for 6 times in total, recording the weight as M2, calculating the moisture absorption rate, and characterizing the moisture absorption performance of the composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the weight of the composite nanofiber membrane is PVP/PAN/CaCl 2 The moisture absorption rate of the composite nanofiber membrane is 54% -80%.
Example 4
(1) 1.1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 0.4g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), 0.5g of lithium chloride (LiCl) and 0.1g of calcium chloride (CaCl) were weighed out 2 ) Dissolving in 10mL of N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) to prepare a solution with the concentration of 18.3 wt%, stirring for 6 hours at room temperature by using a magnetic stirrer to fully dissolve the solution, standing for defoaming, and obtaining PVP/PAN/LiCl/CaCl which are uniformly mixed 2 Spinning solution for later use;
(2) the prepared PVP/PAN/LiCl/CaCl 2 Adding the spinning solution into an island-type nozzle, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain PVP/PAN/LiCl/CaCl 2 The composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: voltage 20kV, orifice diameter 2mm, original spinningThe liquid flow rate is 0.5ml/h, the distance from a spinning nozzle to a receiving roller is 15cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 60r/min, the spinning environment temperature is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity of the surrounding environment is 30 percent;
(3) the prepared PVP/PAN/LiCl/CaCl 2 Putting the composite nanofiber membrane into a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 2h, weighing, recording as M1, then putting into a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, taking 48h as a period, weighing every 4h for the first 12h, weighing every 12h for the second 36h, weighing for 6 times in total, recording the weight as M2, calculating the moisture absorption rate, representing the moisture absorption performance of the composite nanofiber membrane, and using PVP/PAN/LiCl/CaCl 2 The moisture absorption rate of the composite nanofiber membrane is 105-160%.
Example 5
(1) Weighing 1.5g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), dissolving in 10mL of N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) to prepare a solution with the concentration of 13.8 wt%, stirring for 6 hours at room temperature by using a magnetic stirrer to fully dissolve the PVP, and standing for defoaming to obtain uniformly mixed PVP spinning solution for later use; weighing 1.6g of nylon 6(PA6) and 0.73g of lithium chloride (LiCl), dissolving in 10mL of formic acid to prepare a solution with the concentration of 16 wt%, stirring for 6h by using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature to fully dissolve the solution, standing for defoaming, and obtaining a PA6/LiCl spinning solution which is uniformly mixed for later use;
(2) adding the prepared PVP spinning solution into island-type nozzles A and B according to the same volume, adding the prepared PA6/LiCl spinning solution into an island-type nozzle C, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain the PVP/PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 23kV, the aperture of the nozzle is 2mm, the flow rate of the spinning stock solution is 0.5ml/h, the distance from the spinning nozzle to the receiving roller is 15cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 60r/min, the temperature of the spinning environment is 30 ℃, and the relative humidity of the surrounding environment is 35%;
(3) the prepared PVP/PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane is placed in a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, dried for 2 hours and weighed, and recorded as M1, then placed in a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, the high-low temperature test box is used for weighing every 4 hours for the first 12 hours and weighing every 12 hours for the second 36 hours, the total weighing is 6 times, the weight is recorded as M2, the moisture absorption rate is calculated, the moisture absorption performance is represented, and the moisture absorption rate of the PVP/PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane is 101% -136%.
Example 6
(1) Weighing 1.37g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), dissolving in 10mL of deionized water at the temperature of 95 ℃, reacting for 3h to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the concentration of 12 wt%, stirring for 6h by using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature to fully dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol solution, standing for defoaming, and obtaining uniformly mixed PVA spinning solution for later use;
(2) adding the prepared PVA spinning solution into an island-type sprayer, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain the PVA nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: voltage 25kV, nozzle aperture 2mm, spinning stock solution flow rate 0.5ml/h, distance from spinning nozzle to receiving roller 17cm, roller rotation speed 100r/min, spinning environment temperature 30 ℃, and surrounding environment relative humidity 30%;
(3) putting the prepared PVA nanofiber membrane into a vacuum drying oven with the temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 2h, weighing and recording as M1, then putting the PVA nanofiber membrane into a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, weighing every 4h for the first 12h, weighing every 12h for the second 36h, weighing for 6 times in total, recording the weight as M2, calculating the moisture absorption rate of the PVA nanofiber membrane, and representing the moisture absorption performance of the PVA nanofiber membrane, wherein the moisture absorption rate of the PVA nanofiber membrane is 52% -70%.
Example 7
(1) Weighing 1.0g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), dissolving in 10mL of deionized water with the temperature of 95 ℃, reacting for 3h to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution, adding 0.2g of lithium chloride (LiCl) to prepare a solution with the concentration of 10.7 wt%, stirring for 6h by using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature to fully dissolve the solution, standing for defoaming, and obtaining uniformly mixed PVA/LiCl spinning solution for later use;
(2) adding the prepared PVA/LiCl spinning solution into an island-type sprayer, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain the PVA/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: voltage 25kV, nozzle aperture 2mm, spinning stock solution flow rate 0.5ml/h, distance from spinning nozzle to receiving roller 17cm, roller rotation speed 100r/min, spinning environment temperature 25 ℃, and ambient environment relative humidity 30%;
(3) putting the prepared PVA/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane into a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 2h, weighing, recording as M1, then putting the membrane into a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, weighing every 4h for the first 12h and every 12h for the second 36h with a period of 48h, weighing for 6 times in total, recording the weight as M2, calculating the moisture absorption rate, representing the moisture absorption performance, and recording the moisture absorption rate of the PVA/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane as 65% -90%.
Example 8
(1) Weighing 1.0g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), dissolving in 10mL of deionized water with the temperature of 95 ℃, reacting for 3h to obtain polyvinyl alcohol solution, and adding 0.2g of calcium chloride (CaCl) 2 ) Preparing 10.7 wt% solution, stirring with magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 6 hr to dissolve, standing for defoaming, and mixing uniformly to obtain PVA/CaCl 2 Spinning solution for later use;
(2) mixing the prepared PVA/CaCl 2 Adding the spinning solution into an island-type sprayer, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain PVP/CaCl 2 The composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: voltage 25kV, nozzle aperture 2mm, spinning stock solution flow rate 0.5ml/h, distance from spinning nozzle to receiving roller 17cm, roller rotation speed 100r/min, spinning environment temperature 25 ℃, and ambient environment relative humidity 30%;
(3) the prepared PVA/CaCl 2 Putting the composite nanofiber membrane into a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 2h, weighing, recording as M1, then putting the composite nanofiber membrane into a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, weighing every 4h for the first 12h, weighing every 12h for the last 36h, weighing for 6 times in total, recording the weight as M2, calculating the moisture absorption rate, and characterizing the moisture absorption performance of the composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the weight of PVA/CaCl is recorded as M1 2 The moisture absorption rate of the composite nanofiber membrane is 55-81%.
Example 9
(1) Weighing 1.0g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), dissolving in 10mL of deionized water with the temperature of 95 ℃, reacting for 3h to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution, and then adding 0.1g of lithium chloride (LiCl) and0.1g of calcium chloride (CaCl) 2 ) Preparing 10.7 wt% solution, stirring with magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 6 hr to dissolve, standing for defoaming, and mixing uniformly to obtain PVA/LiCl/CaCl 2 Spinning solution for later use;
(2) mixing PVA/LiCl/CaCl 2 Adding the spinning solution into an island-shaped nozzle, setting spinning parameters, and performing electrostatic spinning to obtain PVA/LiCl/CaCl 2 The composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: voltage 25kV, nozzle aperture 2mm, spinning stock solution flow rate 0.5ml/h, distance from spinning nozzle to receiving roller 17cm, roller rotation speed 100r/min, spinning environment temperature 30 ℃, and ambient environment relative humidity 40%;
(3) the prepared PVA/LiCl/CaCl 2 Putting the composite nanofiber membrane into a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 2h, weighing, recording as M1, then putting into a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, taking 48h as a period, weighing every 4h for the first 12h, weighing every 12h for the second 36h, weighing for 6 times in total, recording the weight as M2, calculating the moisture absorption rate, representing the moisture absorption performance, and PVA/LiCl/CaCl 2 The moisture absorption rate of the composite nanofiber membrane is 71% -98%.
Example 10
(1) Weighing 1.0g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), dissolving in 10mL of deionized water with the temperature of 95 ℃, reacting for 3h to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution, adding 0.2g of lithium chloride (LiCl) to prepare a solution with the concentration of 10.7 wt%, stirring for 6h by using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature to fully dissolve the solution, standing for defoaming, and obtaining uniformly mixed PVA/LiCl spinning solution for later use; weighing 1.29g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), dissolving in 10mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), preparing a solution with the concentration of 12 wt%, standing, and after completely dissolving, magnetically stirring for 6 hours to obtain PAN spinning solution for later use;
(2) adding the prepared PVA/LiCl spinning solution into island-type nozzles A and B according to the same volume, adding the prepared PAN spinning solution into an island-type nozzle C, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain the PVA/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 23kV, the aperture of the nozzle is 2mm, the flow rate of the spinning stock solution is 0.5ml/h, the distance from the spinning nozzle to the receiving roller is 15cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 60r/min, the temperature of the spinning environment is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity of the surrounding environment is 30 percent;
(3) putting the prepared PVA/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane into a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 2h, weighing, and recording as M1, then putting the membrane into a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, taking 48h as a cycle, weighing every 4h for the first 12h, weighing every 12h for the second 36h, weighing for 6 times in total, recording the weight as M2, calculating the moisture absorption rate, and characterizing the moisture absorption performance, wherein the moisture absorption rate of the PVA/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane is 78% -103%.
Example 11
(1) Weighing 1.0g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), dissolving in 10mL of deionized water with the temperature of 95 ℃, reacting for 3h to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution, adding 0.2g of lithium chloride (LiCl) to prepare a solution with the concentration of 10.7 wt%, stirring for 6h by using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature to fully dissolve the solution, standing for defoaming, and obtaining uniformly mixed PVA/LiCl spinning solution for later use; weighing 1.6g of nylon 6(PA6) and 0.73g of lithium chloride (LiCl) and dissolving in 10mL of formic acid to prepare a solution with the concentration of 16 wt%, stirring for 6h by using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature to fully dissolve the solution, standing and defoaming to obtain a uniformly mixed PA6/LiCl spinning solution for later use;
(2) adding the prepared PVA/LiCl spinning solution into island-type nozzles A and B according to the same volume, adding the prepared PA6/LiCl spinning solution into an island-type nozzle C, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain the PVA/PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 23kV, the aperture of the nozzle is 2mm, the flow rate of the spinning stock solution is 0.5ml/h, the distance from the spinning nozzle to the receiving roller is 15cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 60r/min, the temperature of the spinning environment is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity of the surrounding environment is 30%;
(3) the prepared PVA/PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane is placed in a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, dried for 2 hours and weighed, and recorded as M1, then placed in a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, the PVA/PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane is weighed once every 4 hours for the first 12 hours and once every 12 hours for the second 36 hours, the weighing is carried out for 6 times in total, the weight is recorded as M2, the moisture absorption rate is calculated, the moisture absorption performance is represented, and the moisture absorption rate of the PVA/PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane is 74% -120%.
Example 12
(1) Weighing 1.36g of nylon 6(PA6) and 0.272g of lithium chloride (LiCl), dissolving in 10mL of formic acid to prepare a solution with the concentration of 11.8 wt%, stirring for 6h by using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature to fully dissolve the solution, standing for defoaming, and obtaining a PA6/LiCl spinning solution which is uniformly mixed for later use;
(2) adding the prepared PA6/LiCl spinning solution into an island-type sprayer, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain a PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 27kV, the aperture of the nozzle is 2mm, the flow rate of the spinning stock solution is 0.5ml/h, the distance from the spinning nozzle to the receiving roller is 15cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 60r/min, the temperature of the spinning environment is 50 ℃, and the relative humidity of the surrounding environment is 40%;
(3) the prepared PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane is placed in a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, dried for 2 hours and weighed, and recorded as M1, then placed in a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, the high-low temperature test box is used for weighing every 4 hours for the first 12 hours and weighing every 12 hours for the second 36 hours in a cycle of 48 hours, the weighing is carried out for 6 times in total, the weight is recorded as M2, the moisture absorption rate is calculated to represent the moisture absorption performance, and the moisture absorption rate of the PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane is 60% -110%.
Example 13
(1) 2.334g of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and 1.51g of lithium bromide (LiBr) are weighed and dissolved in 25mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) to prepare a solution with the concentration of 14 wt%, a magnetic stirrer is used for stirring for 6 hours at room temperature to fully dissolve the solution, and defoaming is carried out statically to obtain a uniformly mixed PAA/LiBr spinning solution for later use;
(2) adding the prepared PAA/LiBr spinning solution into an island-type sprayer, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain the PAA/LiBr composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 20kV, the aperture of the nozzle is 2mm, the flow rate of the spinning stock solution is 0.5ml/h, the distance from the spinning nozzle to the receiving roller is 15cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 60r/min, the temperature of the spinning environment is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity of the surrounding environment is 40%;
(3) putting the prepared PAA/LiBr composite nanofiber membrane into a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 2h, weighing, recording as M1, then putting into a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, weighing once every 4h for the first 12h and once every 12h for the second 36h with the period of 48h, weighing for 6 times in total, recording the weight as M2, calculating the moisture absorption rate, representing the moisture absorption performance, and recording the moisture absorption rate of the PAA/LiBr composite nanofiber membrane as 68% -90%.
Example 14
(1) 2.334g of polyacrylic acid (PAA), 0.5g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 1.51g of lithium chloride (LiCl) are weighed and dissolved in 25mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) to prepare a solution with the concentration of 15.5 wt%, a magnetic stirrer is used for stirring for 6 hours at room temperature to fully dissolve the solution, and defoaming is carried out statically to obtain a uniformly mixed PAA/PAN/LiCl spinning solution for later use;
(2) adding the prepared PAA/PAN/LiCl spinning solution into an island-type sprayer, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain the PAA/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 20kV, the aperture of the nozzle is 2mm, the flow rate of the spinning stock solution is 0.5ml/h, the distance from the spinning nozzle to the receiving roller is 15cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 60r/min, the temperature of the spinning environment is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity of the surrounding environment is 40%;
(3) putting the prepared PAA/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane into a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 2h, weighing, and recording as M1, then putting the membrane into a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, weighing every 4h for the first 12h and every 12h for the second 36h with the period of 48h, weighing for 6 times in total, recording the weight as M2, calculating the moisture absorption rate, and characterizing the moisture absorption performance, wherein the moisture absorption rate of the PAA/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane is 70-105%.
Example 15
(1) Weighing 3.844g of polyacrylic acid (PAA), dissolving in 25mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), preparing a solution with the concentration of 14 wt%, stirring for 6 hours by using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature to fully dissolve the solution, standing for defoaming, and obtaining a uniformly mixed PAA spinning solution for later use; weighing 1.6g of nylon 6(PA6) and 0.73g of lithium chloride (LiCl), dissolving in 10mL of formic acid to prepare a solution with the concentration of 16 wt%, stirring for 6h by using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature to fully dissolve the solution, standing for defoaming, and obtaining a PA6/LiCl spinning solution which is uniformly mixed for later use;
(2) adding the prepared PAA spinning solution into island-type nozzles A and B according to the same volume, adding the prepared PA6/LiCl spinning solution into an island-type nozzle C, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain the PAA/PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 23kV, the aperture of the nozzle is 2mm, the flow rate of the spinning stock solution is 0.5ml/h, the distance from the spinning nozzle to the receiving roller is 15cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 60r/min, the temperature of the spinning environment is 30 ℃, and the relative humidity of the surrounding environment is 40%;
(3) the prepared PAA/PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane is placed in a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, dried for 2 hours and weighed, and recorded as M1, then placed in a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, the high-low temperature test box is used for weighing once every 4 hours for the first 12 hours and weighing once every 12 hours for the second 36 hours, the weighing times are 6 times in total, the weight is recorded as M2, the moisture absorption rate is calculated to represent the moisture absorption performance, and the moisture absorption rate of the PAA/PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane is 74% -112%.
Example 16
(1) Weighing 3.844g of polyacrylic acid (PAA), dissolving in 25mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), preparing a solution with the concentration of 14 wt%, stirring for 6 hours by using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature to fully dissolve the solution, standing for defoaming, and obtaining a uniformly mixed PAA spinning solution for later use;
(2) adding the prepared PAA spinning solution into an island-type sprayer, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain the PAA nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 23kV, the aperture of the nozzle is 2mm, the flow rate of the spinning stock solution is 0.5ml/h, the distance from the spinning nozzle to the receiving roller is 15cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 60r/min, the temperature of the spinning environment is 30 ℃, and the relative humidity of the surrounding environment is 40%;
(3) putting the prepared PAA composite nanofiber membrane into a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 2h, weighing and recording as M1, then putting the PAA composite nanofiber membrane into a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, weighing every 4h for the first 12h, weighing every 12h for the second 36h, weighing for 6 times in total, recording the weight as M2, calculating the moisture absorption rate of the PAA composite nanofiber membrane, and representing the moisture absorption performance of the PAA composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the moisture absorption rate of the PAA composite nanofiber membrane is 56-86%.
Example 17
(1) Weighing 1.74g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), dissolving in 20mL of deionized water with the temperature of 95 ℃, and reacting for 3h to obtain a PVA solution for later use; weighing 0.41g of Sodium Alginate (SA), dissolving in 20mL of deionized water to prepare a solution with the concentration of 2 wt%, stirring for 3 hours by using a magnetic stirrer at the temperature of 80 ℃ to fully dissolve the solution, standing for defoaming, and obtaining the uniformly mixed SA solution for later use; mixing the prepared PVA solution and Sodium Alginate (SA) solution according to a volume ratio of 6: 4 to prepare PVA/SA spinning solution for later use;
(2) adding the prepared PVA/SA spinning solution into an island-type sprayer, setting spinning parameters, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain the PVA/SA composite nanofiber membrane, wherein the electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 20kV, the aperture of the nozzle is 2mm, the flow rate of the spinning stock solution is 2ml/h, the distance from the spinning nozzle to the receiving roller is 15cm, the rotating speed of the roller is 100r/min, the temperature of the spinning environment is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity of the surrounding environment is 30%;
(3) putting the prepared PVA/SA composite nanofiber membrane into a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 2h, weighing, recording as M1, then putting the membrane into a high-low temperature test box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, weighing every 4h for the first 12h, weighing every 12h for the second 36h, weighing for 6 times in total, recording the weight as M2, calculating the moisture absorption rate, representing the moisture absorption performance, wherein the moisture absorption rate of the PVA/SA composite nanofiber membrane is 73-104%.
The moisture absorption rate of the conventional solid desiccant such as silica gel, molecular sieve and activated carbon is not more than 50% in the environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%, so that compared with the conventional solid desiccant, the nanofiber membrane prepared in the specific embodiment has higher moisture absorption rate in the same environment, and can be used as the solid desiccantFor dehumidification in protective garments, in particular the PVP/PAN/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane prepared in example 2, the PVP/PAN/LiCl/CaCl prepared in example 4 2 The lowest moisture absorption rate of the composite nanofiber membrane and the PVP/PA6/LiCl composite nanofiber membrane prepared in example 5 is 100%, the composite nanofiber membrane has strong moisture absorption capacity, and the dehumidification effect is more obvious when the composite nanofiber membrane is applied to protective clothing.
The preparation of the nanofiber membrane solid drying agent for protective clothing skillfully adopts an island-shaped spray head of an electrostatic spinning technology, has the advantages of high spinning efficiency, various spinning types and the like, and has great development potential.
The nanofiber membrane with the moisture absorption performance prepared by using the island-shaped spray head of the electrostatic spinning technology has high moisture absorption rate without soaking in a salt solution, has the advantages of small fiber diameter, large specific surface area, high porosity, light weight, no corrosion, no liquid generation, renewability and the like, and can be used as a solid drying agent to be applied to protective clothing.
The nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing has the advantages of strong moisture absorption capacity, high moisture absorption rate, low desorption temperature, no liquid generation, no corrosion, reproducibility and light weight, is applied to the protective clothing for dehumidification, and can greatly improve the comfort level of the protective clothing. The island-type sprayer adopting the electrostatic spinning technology for spinning has the advantages of simple preparation, high preparation efficiency, various spinning types and the like, and shows great application prospect.
Claims (10)
1. A nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing is characterized in that: the solid desiccant comprises one or more polymer nanofiber membranes, wherein the polymer nanofiber membranes are single-component polymer nanofiber membranes or multi-component polymer nanofiber membranes, or single-component polymer nanofiber membranes doped with one or more inorganic salts, or multi-component polymer nanofiber membranes doped with one or more inorganic salts.
2. The nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing according to claim 1, wherein: the polymer in the single-component polymer nanofiber membrane is polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid or sodium alginate.
3. The nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing according to claim 2, wherein: the multi-component polymer nanofiber membrane is a mixture of one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid and sodium alginate and one or more of polyacrylonitrile and polyamide 6 in any proportion.
4. The nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing according to claim 3, wherein: the inorganic salt is one or a mixture of more of lithium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium bromide, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, aluminum chloride, potassium carbonate, sodium sulfate and potassium acetate in any proportion.
5. The nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing according to claim 4, wherein: the doping amount of the inorganic salt is 0.1 wt% -20 wt%.
6. A preparation method of a nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving a polymer in a solvent, and stirring by using a magnetic stirrer to prepare 5-30 wt% of spinning solution A, spinning solution B and/or spinning solution C;
(2) and adding the prepared spinning solution A, the prepared spinning solution B and/or the prepared spinning solution C into a spray nozzle, setting spinning parameters, and performing electrostatic spinning to obtain the nanofiber membrane.
7. The method for preparing the nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the polymer in the step (1) is one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid and sodium alginate; or a mixture of one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid and sodium alginate and one or more of polyacrylonitrile and polyamide 6 in any proportion.
8. The method for preparing the nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing as claimed in claim 7, wherein the nanofiber membrane solid desiccant comprises: in the step (1), the solvent is one or a mixture of several of N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-dimethylformamide, formic acid or water in any proportion.
9. The method for preparing the nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing as claimed in claim 8, wherein the nanofiber membrane solid desiccant comprises: the concentration of the spinning solution A, the spinning solution B and/or the spinning solution C in the step (1) is 5-30 wt%; the spinning solution A and the spinning solution B in the step (2) are PVP spinning solution, PVA/LiCl spinning solution or PAA spinning solution; in the step (2), the spinning solution C is PA6/LiCl spinning solution or PAN spinning solution.
10. The method for preparing the nanofiber membrane solid desiccant for protective clothing as claimed in claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the magnetic stirring time in the step (1) is 0.5-24 hours; in the step (2), the spray head is an island-type spray head; the electrostatic spinning parameters in the step (2) are as follows: the voltage is 15kV to 50kV, the aperture of the spray head is 0.2mm to 3mm, the flow rate of the spinning solution A, the spinning solution B and/or the spinning solution C is 0.1 mL/h to 2mL/h, the distance from the needle head to the receiving roller is 10cm to 30cm, preferably 15cm to 20cm, the temperature of the spinning environment is 20 ℃ to 50 ℃, and the relative humidity of the spinning environment is 30 percent to 80 percent; the main components of the nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (2) are polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyamide 6, polyvinylpyrrolidone/sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid/polyacrylonitrile, or polyacrylic acid/sodium alginate.
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