CN115064679A - Vanadium oxide micron rod cluster and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Vanadium oxide micron rod cluster and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115064679A CN115064679A CN202210779786.6A CN202210779786A CN115064679A CN 115064679 A CN115064679 A CN 115064679A CN 202210779786 A CN202210779786 A CN 202210779786A CN 115064679 A CN115064679 A CN 115064679A
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- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical group [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011540 sensing material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QUEDYRXQWSDKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M [O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[OH-] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[OH-] QUEDYRXQWSDKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G31/00—Compounds of vanadium
- C01G31/02—Oxides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
- G01N27/125—Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer
- G01N27/127—Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer comprising nanoparticles
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a vanadium oxide micron rod cluster, a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster comprises the following steps: (1) putting vanadium pentoxide powdery substance into a metal boat; (2) electrifying the metal boat in an air environment at room temperature, heating vanadium pentoxide powdery substances in the metal boat to 1000-1300 ℃, and melting the vanadium pentoxide powdery substances into liquid vanadium oxide; (3) cutting off the power supply, and cooling and solidifying the liquid vanadium oxide into vanadium oxide micron rod clusters as claimed in claim 1 or 2 under the natural heat diffusion condition. The preparation method of the invention is beneficial to large-scale industrial production. When the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster is applied to lithium/sodium ion batteries and gas sensors, the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster is expected to show excellent electrochemical performance and very sensitive gas sensing performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic raw materials, in particular to a vanadium oxide micron rod cluster and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, research and application of lithium/sodium ion batteries are more and more intensive, and in order to improve the performance of the lithium/sodium ion batteries, selection of a proper electrode material so as to improve the specific capacity of the lithium/sodium ion batteries is a hot spot of scientific research and battery application. The specific capacity of the electrode material of the lithium ion battery such as lithium cobaltate which is commercially used at present is only about 140 mAh/g; the specific capacity of the lithium manganate is also lower, about 148mAh/g, and the cycling stability is poorer; although the specific capacity of the lithium nickelate can reach 150mAh/g, the lithium is easy to be lost in the synthesis process of the lithium nickelate; the theoretical specific capacity of the lithium iron phosphate is high and can reach 170mAh/g, but the lithium iron phosphate has poor conductivity and low energy density. The above factors have long restricted the performance improvement of lithium/sodium ion batteries, and therefore, the application demand of lithium/sodium ion batteries is urgent to research and develop novel high-performance electrode materials.
Vanadium oxide has a unique layered structure, into which lithium/sodium ions are easily intercalated. Wang et al prepared vanadium oxide hollow microspheres, and the specific capacity of the vanadium oxide hollow microspheres when measured as an electrode material of a lithium ion battery can reach 447.9mAh/g at most, and the vanadium oxide hollow microspheres have good cycling stability (J.Wang, et al, Multi-shelled metals preformed vision-and-adsorption media for lithium-ion batteries, Nature Energy 2016,1, 16050). The value is much higher than the specific capacity of the electrode material of the lithium/sodium ion battery which is commercially used at present, so that vanadium oxide is a potential electrode material of the lithium/sodium ion battery. However, the wet reaction process for preparing the vanadium oxide hollow microspheres is very complicated, which takes more than 40 hours, and waste liquid is generated and needs to be post-treated. There is a need to develop a convenient, green, non-polluting, low-value vanadium oxide production process for applying vanadium oxide to lithium/sodium ion batteries.
Vanadium oxide pairThe Yang and the like prepare vanadium oxide micro-flowers which can be used as sensing materials for detecting a plurality of gases such as ethanol, acetone, methanol, formaldehyde and the like (X.H. Yang, et al, Synthesis of pharmaceutical scientific non-absorbed V) 2 O 5 microflowers with high sensing properties towards amines, RSC Advances 2016,6,87649), confirmed that vanadium oxide has excellent gas sensing properties. However, the vanadium oxide micro-flowers are prepared by a complex hydrothermal method, which takes about 30 hours, and generates waste liquid which needs to be post-treated. There is a need to develop a convenient, green, non-polluting, low-value vanadium oxide production method for applying vanadium oxide to gas sensors.
Disclosure of Invention
The vanadium oxide micron rod cluster is a quadrangular and discrete and vertical spatial structure, and is expected to show excellent electrochemical performance and very sensitive gas sensing performance when applied to lithium/sodium ion batteries and gas sensors. The preparation method of the invention is beneficial to large-scale industrial production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a vanadium oxide micron rod cluster consisting of a plurality of discrete vanadium oxide micron rods, the vanadium oxide micron rods having a length of 50-90 microns;
the vanadium oxide micron rod is in a quadrangular prism shape, and the side length of the cross section of the vanadium oxide micron rod is 0.8-2 microns.
Further, the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster is prepared from vanadium pentoxide.
A preparation method of a vanadium oxide micron rod cluster comprises the following steps:
(1) putting vanadium pentoxide powdery substance into a metal boat;
(2) electrifying the metal boat in an air environment at room temperature, heating vanadium pentoxide powdery substances in the metal boat to 1000-1300 ℃, and melting the vanadium pentoxide powdery substances into liquid vanadium oxide;
(3) and cutting off a power supply, and cooling and solidifying the liquid vanadium oxide into the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster under the natural thermal diffusion condition.
Further, in the step (2), the temperature is kept at 1000 ℃ and 1300 ℃ for 2-10 seconds.
Further, the vanadium pentoxide powder substance is heated to 1000-1300 ℃ within 5-10 seconds.
Further, in the step (1), the metal boat is a tungsten boat or a molybdenum boat.
Further, in the step (2), the liquid vanadium oxide can be spread on the bottom surface of the metal boat.
The application of the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster is characterized in that the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster is used as an induction material for preparing a gas sensor;
the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster is used as an electrode material to be applied to the preparation of a lithium/sodium ion battery.
The technical scheme provided by the invention can have the following beneficial effects:
the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster is a quadrangular and discrete and vertical space structure, and is expected to show excellent electrochemical performance and very sensitive gas sensing performance when applied to lithium/sodium ion batteries and gas sensors.
The invention adopts a current rapid heating method, uses a metal boat as a heating unit to heat vanadium pentoxide, and generates a large amount of unique quadrangular prism-shaped discrete and upright vanadium oxide micron rod clusters in the cooling process. No waste material is generated in the preparation process, the adopted equipment is simple, the operation is convenient, the reaction condition is mild, the consumed time is short, the control is easy, and the large-scale industrial production is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a low-power scanning electron microscope image of a vanadium oxide micron rod cluster according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a high scanning electron microscope image of a vanadium oxide micron rod cluster in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a vanadium oxide micron rod cluster in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention provides a vanadium oxide micron rod cluster which is composed of a plurality of discrete vanadium oxide micron rods, wherein the length of each vanadium oxide micron rod is 50-90 microns; the vanadium oxide micron rod is in a quadrangular prism shape, and the side length of the cross section of the vanadium oxide micron rod is 0.8-2 microns.
The vanadium oxide micron rod cluster can be used as an induction material for preparing a gas sensor and can also be used as an electrode material for preparing a lithium/sodium ion battery. The vanadium oxide micron rod cluster has a unique quadrangular prism-shaped discrete and vertical space structure, and can ensure that gas to be detected is fully contacted with vanadium oxide when being used as an induction material in a gas sensor, so that the reaction area of the gas to be detected and the vanadium oxide is enlarged, and the sensitivity of the gas sensor is improved; when the electrolyte is used as an electrode material of a lithium/sodium ion battery, the electrolyte can be ensured to be fully contacted with vanadium oxide, so that the electrochemical reaction resistance is reduced, and the performance of the battery is further improved.
It is worth to be noted that the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster is prepared from vanadium pentoxide, and the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster can be obtained by only adopting one raw material, so that the preparation steps are simple.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a preparation method of the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster, which comprises the following steps:
(1) putting vanadium pentoxide powdery substance into a metal boat;
(2) electrifying the metal boat in an air environment at room temperature, heating vanadium pentoxide powdery substances in the metal boat to 1000-1300 ℃, and melting the vanadium pentoxide powdery substances into liquid vanadium oxide;
(3) and cutting off a power supply, and cooling and solidifying the liquid vanadium oxide into the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster under the natural thermal diffusion condition.
The preparation method can finish the preparation of the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster only by the metal boat and the power supply equipment, the equipment is simple and convenient to operate, and no waste is generated in the preparation process. Heating vanadium pentoxide powdery substance to 1000-1300 ℃ can ensure complete melting, and cooling and solidifying under the natural thermal diffusion condition in the heating temperature range to obtain the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster. This is because the particular morphology of the vanadium oxide micron rod clusters of the present invention is related to the rate of temperature reduction. If the heating temperature is too low, the cooling rate is not high enough, and vanadium oxide micron rod clusters are difficult to obtain, and if the heating temperature is too high, vanadium oxide volatilization is serious.
In order to ensure that the vanadium oxide is fully melted, in the step (2), the temperature is kept at 1000 ℃ and 1300 ℃ for 2-10 seconds. It has been verified that the temperature retention time is actually long, vanadium oxide is highly volatilized, and the form of the present invention cannot be produced if the retention time is short, because the molten vanadium oxide produces trivanadium heptaoxide in an air environment at room temperature, and the production amount of trivanadium heptaoxide is small if the retention time is short, and it is difficult to obtain vanadium oxide micron clusters.
Furthermore, the vanadium pentoxide powder is heated to 1000 ℃ and 1300 ℃ within 5-10 seconds, and the rapid heating is beneficial to improving the preparation efficiency.
Furthermore, in the step (1), the metal boat is a tungsten boat or a molybdenum boat, which are commonly used, so that the equipment cost of the preparation method of the invention is further reduced.
Based on the fact that the bottom surface of the metal boat is a plane, in the step (2), the liquid vanadium oxide can be fully paved on the bottom surface of the metal boat to form a liquid vanadium oxide thin layer, and the liquid vanadium oxide has a large contact area with air, so that the large-scale generation of vanadium oxide micron rod clusters is facilitated.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of vanadium oxide micron rod clusters comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 100g of industrial vanadium pentoxide powdery substance with the grain diameter of about 45 micrometers by using a balance, and uniformly and flatly paving the powdery substance in a tungsten boat with the width of 10mm and the length of 100 mm;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) using a direct current power supply, electrifying two ends of a tungsten boat in an air environment at room temperature by direct current, wherein the electrifying process comprises the step of gradually increasing the current intensity to 19 amperes, and generating Joule heat in the tungsten boat, so that vanadium pentoxide powder is heated to 1150 ℃ (higher than the melting point 678 ℃ of the vanadium pentoxide) within 5-10 seconds, the vanadium pentoxide is melted into liquid vanadium oxide, and the temperature is kept for 5 seconds;
(3) and (3) cutting off the power supply, and rapidly cooling and solidifying the liquid vanadium oxide due to natural thermal diffusion to form a large number of discrete and vertical quadrangular prism-shaped vanadium oxide micron rod clusters within 2-3 seconds.
The vanadium oxide micron rod cluster product obtained in the example was tested: the image of the low power scanning electron microscope is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen that the product is a large number of discrete and vertically arranged pillars; the image of the high power scanning electron microscope is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen that the cylinder is quadrangular, the cylinder width is 0.8-2 microns, and the cylinder length is 50-90 microns; the phases of the prepared product are tested by an X-ray diffractometer, and the result is shown in figure 3, the lowest graph is the standard X-ray diffraction graph of vanadium pentoxide (JCPDS No.89-0611), the graph positioned in the middle is the standard X-ray diffraction graph of vanadium trioxide (JCPDS No.71-1591), and the topmost graph is the X-ray diffraction graph of the obtained product.
Example 2
A preparation method of a vanadium oxide micron rod cluster comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 100g of industrial vanadium pentoxide powdery substance with the grain diameter of about 45 micrometers by using a balance, and uniformly and flatly paving the powdery substance in a tungsten boat with the width of 10mm and the length of 100 mm;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) using a direct current power supply, electrifying two ends of a tungsten boat in an air environment at room temperature by direct current, wherein the electrifying process comprises the steps of gradually increasing the current intensity to 22 amperes, generating Joule heat in the tungsten boat, heating vanadium pentoxide powder to about 1300 ℃ within 5-10 seconds, melting the vanadium pentoxide into liquid vanadium oxide, and keeping the temperature for 2 seconds;
(3) and (3) cutting off the power supply, and rapidly cooling and solidifying the liquid vanadium oxide due to natural thermal diffusion to form a large number of discrete and vertical quadrangular prism-shaped vanadium oxide micron rod clusters within 2-3 seconds.
Example 3
A preparation method of a vanadium oxide micron rod cluster comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 100g of industrial vanadium pentoxide powdery substance with the grain diameter of about 45 micrometers by using a balance, and uniformly and flatly paving the powdery substance in a tungsten boat with the width of 10mm and the length of 100 mm;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) electrifying two ends of a tungsten boat by using a direct current power supply in an air environment at room temperature by using direct current, wherein the electrifying process comprises the steps of gradually increasing the current intensity to 18 amperes, generating Joule heat in the tungsten boat, heating vanadium pentoxide powder to about 1100 ℃ within 5-10 seconds, melting the vanadium pentoxide into liquid vanadium oxide, and keeping the temperature for 10 seconds;
(3) and (3) cutting off the power supply, and rapidly cooling and solidifying the liquid vanadium oxide due to natural thermal diffusion to form a large number of discrete and vertical quadrangular prism-shaped vanadium oxide micron rod clusters within 2-3 seconds.
It should be noted that the low power electron micrograph and the high power electron micrograph of the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster obtained in example 2 and example 3 are similar to those of example 1. The tetragon of the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster obtained in example 2 and example 3 has a length of 50-90 microns and a cross-sectional side length of 0.8-2 microns.
The vanadium oxide micron rod clusters prepared in the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 can be used for preparing sensing materials for preparing gas sensors, and can also be used as electrode materials for preparing lithium/sodium ion batteries.
Other configurations, etc. and operations of a vanadium oxide micro rod cluster, its preparation method and application according to embodiments of the present invention are known to those of ordinary skill in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
In the description herein, references to the description of the terms "embodiment," "example," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A vanadium oxide micron rod cluster, which is characterized in that the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster consists of a plurality of discrete vanadium oxide micron rods, and the length of each vanadium oxide micron rod is 50-90 microns;
the vanadium oxide micron rod is in a quadrangular prism shape, and the side length of the cross section of the vanadium oxide micron rod is 0.8-2 microns.
2. The vanadium oxide micron rod cluster according to claim 1, wherein the vanadium oxide micron rod cluster is prepared from vanadium pentoxide.
3. A preparation method of a vanadium oxide micron rod cluster is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) putting vanadium pentoxide powdery substance into a metal boat;
(2) electrifying the metal boat in an air environment at room temperature, heating vanadium pentoxide powdery substances in the metal boat to 1000-1300 ℃, and melting the vanadium pentoxide powdery substances into liquid vanadium oxide;
(3) cutting off the power supply, and cooling and solidifying the liquid vanadium oxide into vanadium oxide micron rod clusters as claimed in claim 1 or 2 under the natural heat diffusion condition.
4. The method for preparing vanadium oxide micron cluster rods according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the temperature is kept at 1000 ℃ and 1300 ℃ for 2-10 seconds.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the vanadium pentoxide powder substance is heated to 1000-1300 ℃ within 5-10 seconds.
6. The method for preparing vanadium oxide micron rod cluster according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the metal boat is a tungsten boat or a molybdenum boat.
7. The method for preparing vanadium oxide micron rod cluster according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), liquid vanadium oxide can be paved on the bottom surface of the metal boat.
8. Use of a vanadium oxide micron rod cluster according to claim 1 or 2 as sensing material in the preparation of a gas sensor;
or the use of vanadium oxide micro-rod clusters as claimed in claim 1 or 2 as electrode material in the preparation of lithium/sodium ion batteries.
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