CN115061277A - All-optical simulation operation system based on medium super-surface and operation method - Google Patents
All-optical simulation operation system based on medium super-surface and operation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The optical system consists of an input signal source, a Fourier lens, a computation super surface, an inverse Fourier lens and an output signal detection surface, all optical elements are vertically aligned, a substrate of the computation super surface is silicon dioxide, a dielectric unit is a titanium dioxide cuboid, and the amplitude of polarization and optical field polarization components is linked by utilizing the principle of optical field vector modulation of the super surface to serve as a means for modulating the amplitude of each polarization component of an optical field. Therefore, a plurality of novel optical analog operation systems with operation functions of one-dimensional first order differential, one-dimensional second order differential, specific direction differential, Laplace operator and the like are designed. The invention realizes various optical analog operation functions while having higher integration level, and has more accurate and diversified operation capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical computation, and particularly relates to a medium super-surface-based all-optical analog operation system and an operation method.
Background
In today's age, various types of information are growing at an alarming rate, and the transmission, processing, and storage of vast amounts of data is a worldwide problem. Many scientific and technological industries need to process data such as images in real time, so that people have higher and higher requirements on the speed of various mathematical operations such as image recognition, data encryption and decryption, logic operation and the like. By means of rapid development and development of semiconductor technology, digital computing means for nearly one hundred years are continuously improved, mature electronic digital computing becomes a main application method in the computing field nowadays, and therefore the current image processing method is mostly carried out by adopting an integrated electronic circuit and a program algorithm. Although the digital computing is mature, it still has many inevitable defects, such as high ohmic loss, low coding response speed, large size of computing system, and low integration level. Through the development of decades, the improvement space of the speed, power consumption and other performances of standard electronic components is smaller and smaller, the characteristic size of an electronic chip is close to the quantum limit, and the manufacture of the electronic chip with higher performance and higher transistor density is finally subjected to a non-negligible bottleneck.
Therefore, the research of brand new non-electronic devices becomes the key for solving the problems, the response speed of the optical analog operation is higher than that of an electronic device by several orders of magnitude, the power consumption is very low and can even approach to zero, the analog-to-digital conversion link of the traditional digital calculation is avoided, the intrinsic parallel operation attribute of the optical analog operation is avoided, and a high-speed and low-power-consumption solution idea is provided for certain calculation tasks.
In recent modern optical computing research, a spatial domain analog optical computing device is mostly based on a 4F system, but since the spatial domain analog optical computing device is composed of a plurality of medium-sized and large-sized optical elements, the designed computing system is large and heavy, and the application requirements of modern information processing systems on integration and miniaturization are difficult to meet. In recent years, with the vigorous development of the optical fields such as micro-nano optics, nano photonics and the like, micro-nano optical devices with numerous novel optical characteristics are developed, new development ideas are provided for the fields of optical structures, optical materials and the like, especially optical super-surfaces which are developed rapidly recently, important and practical technical means are provided for realizing high-precision and multi-attribute control of light, the inherent difficult problem of complexity and bulkiness of a traditional optical system is expected to be solved, and optical simulation operation is integrated and widely applied.
The rapid development of the super surface of the optical medium provides a new opportunity for solving the problem of huge and complex structure of the traditional optical computing system. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and informatization, an all-optical analog optical operation system with multiple advantages of parallel high bandwidth and the like can be used as an artificial neural network to solve specific information processing problems, so that the application prospect of the artificial intelligence is further expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects and limitations of the traditional optical computing system and the existing micro-nano optical structure in the aspects of space volume, structural complexity, computing function and the like, and provides a medium super-surface-based all-optical analog computing system and an operation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the all-optical analog operation system comprises an input signal source, a Fourier lens, a calculating super surface, an inverse Fourier lens and an output signal detection device, wherein all optical elements are vertically aligned, a central point is positioned on the same horizontal straight line, the input signal source outputs plane linearly polarized light, the polarization direction is the x direction, the wavelength is 532nm, and the focal length of the Fourier lens is f which is 5 mu m. (the input signal source 1 is laser + polarizer + image template, the input signal generally uses the laser to illuminate the image template in the experiment, and then the polarizer makes the signal become the linear polarization of the x direction, transmits the image information, the output signal detecting device is analyzer + photoelectric sensor, the sensor detects the x direction polarization component of the output signal, the analyzer + CCD camera is used in the experiment more)
Further, the calculation super surface 3 substrate is silicon dioxide (SiO) with the thickness of 400nm 2 ) The dielectric units are cuboids, are prepared on a silicon dioxide substrate and are vertically placed, and the materials are titanium dioxide (TiO) 2 ) The phase value of the dielectric unit after linearly polarized light in the y direction is 0.660687 after incidence is verified, and the dielectric unit has 98.44% of transmittance; the phase value after the incidence of linearly polarized light in the x direction is-2.485340, the transmittance is 92.6749%, the absolute value of the phase difference is 3.146027, and the error from pi is 0.14%.
Further, the computing super surface (3) in the system is composed of titanium dioxide medium units with the same characteristic size, and the rotation angles theta of the titanium dioxide medium units in different spatial positions relative to the spatial x-axis are different.
Further, the change of the computing function in the system is realized by replacing the computing super surface with different structures, and for computing the Green function F (x, y), the rotating angle theta of the super surface medium unit satisfies
Compared with the traditional optical 4F computing system (spatial scale 10) based on a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) -1 m) the spatial dimension of the optical system provided by the invention is 10 -5 m, a reduction of about 4 orders of magnitude; the system provided by the invention has a dielectric unit period of 450nm for calculating the super surface, and is relative to the unit (-10) of the spatial light modulator -5 m), an improvement of about 20 times in modulation accuracy. At present, the optical computing system based on the reflective dielectric array has smaller spatial scale, but the optical analog computing system provided by the invention has the advantages of high transmission efficiency and cascade connection. In the current research field, the accuracy of a photonic crystal-based Laplace simulation operation system is high, but the operation function is only limited to isotropic Laplace operation, and the optical simulation operation system provided by the invention can realize various optical simulation operation functions by replacing different calculation super surfaces.
An operation method of the all-optical analog operation system based on the medium super surface includes: an input signal is emitted by an input signal source 1, is linearly polarized in the y direction and carries image intensity information, and after f is transmitted, the input signal is transmitted to the plane of the computing super surface 3 through a Fourier lens 2 and is transmitted to the plane of the computing super surface 3 again, so that two-dimensional Fourier transform is realized; multiplying the 2f plane by the super-surface complex amplitude transmission function to complete spatial frequency filtering; and transmitting the signal to an output signal detection device 5 through a transmission f and an inverse Fourier lens 4, converting the signal into linearly polarized light in the x direction through an analyzer, and acquiring intensity information of the output signal through CCD detection to obtain a calculation result of the optical system.
The invention designs various filtering super surfaces from the modulation of the super surfaces on the properties of polarization, phase and the like of a light field, and the filtering super surfaces are used as a filtering module of a Fourier frequency domain in a signal processing system to realize the function of multi-term spatial domain analog optical operation. Selecting 532nm plane light source as signal source, and selecting titanium dioxide (TiO) with high refractive index in visible light band 2 ) As a structural unit of the dielectric super surface, the substrate adopts silicon dioxide (SiO) 2 ) The method comprises the steps of verifying system functions by using numerical simulation, calculating structural modeling and transmission electromagnetic field calculation of the super surface by using a time domain finite difference method, realizing a filter system and processing data by using a simulation calculation method, and specifically realizing the method that discrete Fourier transform is used for input two-dimensional intensity information of y polarization, a transform result is multiplied by a complex amplitude transmission function of the super surface to an x polarization component, and the complex amplitude of an electric field of the polarization in an x direction of an output plane is obtained through inverse discrete Fourier transform, so that the functions in the calculation system of fig. 3 are realized. The optical simulation operation system consists of two Fourier lenses and a computation super surface, space frequency modulation is carried out by utilizing a compact and small 4f system, and the super surface is placed on a Fourier frequency domain surface and used for frequency domain filtering.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention expands the application range of light field polarization vector modulation, explains the principle of accurately modulating the amplitude of light field components in a spatial domain by using polarization vectors, innovatively provides a novel system for carrying out optical simulation operation through a polarization vector light field, models a super-surface medium unit and verifies the modulation capability of the selected medium unit on the polarization vectors of the incident light field through simulation calculation.
2. The invention obtains various processing results of the input signal through the computing system, verifies that the designed computing system has the operation functions of first order differential, second order differential, Laplace operator, specific direction differential and the like, and overcomes the problems of single function and large design difficulty of the optical computing system.
3. The spatial dimension of the designed dielectric super surface in the longitudinal direction is only 1 mu m, wherein the thickness of a silicon dioxide substrate is 400nm, the height of a titanium dioxide dielectric column is 600nm, the transverse dimension is 2.4-12 mu m, the longitudinal dimension of the whole system can reach 20 mu m after a Fourier lens with the focal length of 5 mu m is added, and the spatial dimension of an optical computing system is greatly reduced.
4. The super-surface designed by the invention has the transmittance of 92.6749-98.4400%, the phase modulation error is about 0.14%, the period of the medium unit is 450nm, the length is 200nm, the width is 100nm, and the super-surface has extremely low loss and sub-wavelength level adjustment accuracy in a visible light wave band with the wavelength of 532 nm.
5. The principle of light field vector modulation by a super surface is utilized, the amplitude of polarization components of a polarization and a light field is linked to be used as a means for modulating the amplitude of each polarization component of a light field, and therefore a plurality of novel optical simulation operation systems with operation functions of one-dimensional first-order differentiation, one-dimensional second-order differentiation, specific-direction differentiation, Laplace operators and the like are designed. The invention realizes various optical analog operation functions while having higher integration level, and has more accurate and diversified operation capability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a super surface unit provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an oblique view of a super-surface unit provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a medium super-surface optical simulation operation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a computational super-surface in a one-dimensional first-order differential operation system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of transmittance distribution function of a one-dimensional first-order differential super-surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of an additional phase distribution function of a one-dimensional first order differential super-surface provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an input two-dimensional signal of a one-dimensional first-order differential optical analog operation system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a two-dimensional operation result diagram of the one-dimensional first-order differential optical simulation operation system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of an input signal of a one-dimensional first-order differential optical analog operation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the operation result of the one-dimensional first-order differential optical simulation operation system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a top view of a computational super-surface in a one-dimensional second-order differential arithmetic system provided in the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph of transmittance distribution function of a one-dimensional second order differential super-surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a graph of an additional phase distribution function of a one-dimensional second order differential metasurface provided by the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a diagram of the input two-dimensional signals of the one-dimensional second order differential and Laplace operator optical analog arithmetic system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the operation result of the one-dimensional second order differential super-surface optical simulation operation system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a top view of a computational super-surface in a 45 differential arithmetic system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a diagram of an input two-dimensional signal of a 45-degree differential optical analog operating system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the operation result of the 45-degree direction differential super-surface optical simulation operation system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a top view of a computational hypersurface in the Laplace operator computing system provided by the present invention;
fig. 20 is a diagram of an operation result of the laplacian super-surface optical simulation operation system provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
and (3) program running environment: windows10, MATLAB (R2020a), Lumerical FDTDsolutions 2020;
referring to fig. 1, the optical system includes an input signal source 1, a fourier lens 2, a super-surface 3, an inverse fourier lens 4, and an output signal detection device 5, all optical elements are vertically aligned, the central points are on the same horizontal straight line, and the focal length of the fourier lens is f. Spatial frequency modulation is performed by using a compact 4f system, and a super surface is placed on a Fourier frequency domain surface and is used for frequency domain filtering.
The optical filtering function of the system depends on the design of the coherent transfer function, i.e. the Green' function. For the airspace analog optical differential operation, the complex amplitude transfer function of the super-surface filtering module needs to be designed to meet the calculation function.
(1) Realization of one-dimensional first-order differential
By theoretical analysis, for a one-dimensional first-order differentiator along the X-axis direction, the distance between the farthest medium units along the X-direction of the super surface is assumed to be 2X 0 In order to meet the actual requirement, the required complex amplitude is obtained after normalization through a function, and the rotation angle theta of the super-surface medium unit needs to meet the following requirements:
the arrangement period is 450nm, the arrangement units are 21 rows and 21 columns, the top view of the super surface is shown in fig. 4, the detection y is the amplitude and the phase of the y-direction component of the transmitted light field near 0, the area beyond the super surface in the detection amplitude is subjected to toe-off, the ignored area is the area beyond the numerical aperture of the computing system, and the elimination of the area is beneficial to the inspection of the application reliability of the computing system. The amplitude and phase distributions of the x-direction components of the ideal transmitted field and the post-apodized transmitted light field are shown in fig. 5-6. It is clear that the amplitude of the x-polarized component in the transmitted light field is very high in accordance with the theoretical expectation of design, which fully shows the superiority of the computing system in terms of computational accuracy.
In order to verify the operation function, a sine intensity signal is used as an input signal, an optical 4F system is simulated for signal filtering, a designed super-surface transfer function is used as a frequency domain filtering function, an input original signal and an output signal filtered by a computing system are shown in figures 7-8, the electric field intensity near y is 0, and curves of the input signal and the computing result are shown in figures 9-10. The comparison shows that the computing system can well realize the one-dimensional first-order differential function of the image and has high conformity with theory.
(2) Realization of one-dimensional second order differential
According to theoretical analysis, for a one-dimensional second-order differentiator along the direction of an x axis, the required complex amplitude is obtained after normalization through a function, and the rotating angle theta of the super-surface medium unit needs to meet the following requirements:
the arrangement period is 450nm, the arrangement units are 21 rows and 21 columns, the super-surface structure top view is shown in fig. 11, and the amplitude and the phase of the y-direction component of the transmitted light field are shown in fig. 12-13 when y is 0.
As can be seen from the amplitude and phase distribution of the x-direction component of the transmitted light field, the amplitude distribution of the x-direction component of the transmitted light field approximates to a quadratic function of the x-coordinate, and the phase distribution remains substantially stable except for fluctuations that occur when the field intensity is too small near the zero point. Therefore, it can be preliminarily determined that the super-surface of the medium can realize an optical analog one-dimensional second-order operation function, in order to verify the operation function, a digital pattern mask pattern is used as an input signal, a 4F system is simulated for signal filtering, a designed super-surface transfer function is used as a frequency domain filtering function, and an input original image and an output image filtered by a computing system are shown in fig. 14-15. As can be seen from comparison, the computing system can well realize the one-dimensional edge enhancement function of the image and highlight the edge information required by image processing.
(3) Implementation of direction-specific differential-removal of image streaks
In image processing, the elimination of periodic image stripes has important application significance, and the differential operation on a specific direction can eliminate periodic image destruction caused by environmental or background noise while retaining basic image information.
By theoretical analysis, taking a specific two-dimensional differential operator in the 45-degree direction as an example, the required complex amplitude transmission function is normalized, and the rotation angle theta of the super-surface medium unit needs to satisfy the following conditions:
the arrangement period is 450nm, the arrangement units are 20 rows and 20 columns, and a specific two-dimensional differential calculation super-surface top view in the 45-degree direction is shown in FIG. 16.
In order to verify the operation function, a digital pattern mask pattern is still used as an input signal, a 4F system is simulated for signal filtering, a designed 45-degree direction differential is used for calculating a super-surface complex amplitude transmission function as a frequency domain filtering function, an input original image and an output image filtered by a calculation system are shown in FIGS. 17-18, and the output image is subjected to conjugation processing to keep the consistency with the spatial orientation of the input image. By contrast, the computing system can well realize the function of eliminating image stripes in the 45-degree direction of the image, and highlight the edge information of the pattern required by image processing, so that the image does not contain periodic invalid stripe information any more. It is emphasized that the differential direction is arbitrarily adjustable, and possesses a high degree of freedom in image processing.
(4) Implementation of Laplace operator
According to theoretical analysis, for a Laplace operator, namely a two-dimensional second-order optical analog differentiator, the required complex amplitude is obtained after normalization through a function, and the rotation angle theta of the super surface medium unit needs to meet the following requirements:
the arrangement period is 450nm, the arrangement units are 20 rows and 20 columns, and the Laplace computation super-surface top view is shown in FIG. 19.
From the amplitude and phase distribution of the x-direction component of the transmitted light field, the amplitude distribution of the x-direction component of the transmitted light field is approximated to a quadratic function of the distance from the center of the coordinate point, and the phase distribution is substantially stable except for fluctuations that occur when the field intensity is too small near the zero point. Therefore, it can be preliminarily determined that the medium super-surface can implement an optical analog two-dimensional second-order operation, i.e. a laplacian operator function, in order to verify the operation function, a digital pattern mask pattern is still adopted as an input signal, a 4F system is simulated for signal filtering, a designed laplacian super-surface transfer function is adopted as a frequency domain filter function, an input original image is as shown in fig. 14, and an output image after being filtered by a computing system is as shown in fig. 20. Compared with the prior art, the computing system can well realize the two-dimensional edge enhancement function of the image, highlight the omnibearing edge information of the pattern required by image processing, and better help to complete the two-dimensional image processing task.
Compared with the traditional Fourier optical device, the optical analog operation system designed by the invention is more compact, has higher calculation precision and is beneficial to the construction of a novel integrated calculation system. The innovative optical analog operation system based on the medium super surface can deeply research and simulate the function of realizing multiple airspace analog optical operations, and is an innovative scheme for realizing optical calculation application.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The all-optical analog operation system based on the medium super surface is characterized in that: the all-optical analog operation system comprises an input signal source (1), a Fourier lens (2), a calculating super surface (3), an inverse Fourier lens (4) and an output signal detection device (5), all optical elements are vertically aligned and placed, a central point is located on the same horizontal straight line, the input signal source (1) outputs plane linearly polarized light, the polarization direction is the x direction, the wavelength is 532nm, and the focal length of the Fourier lens is f which is 5 mu m.
2. The all-optical analog operation system based on the medium super surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the computing super-surface (3) substrate is made of silicon dioxide with the thickness of 400nm, the dielectric unit is a cuboid, the computing super-surface is prepared on the silicon dioxide substrate and is vertically placed, the materials of the computing super-surface are all titanium dioxide, the structural cycle is 450nm, the length is 200nm, the width is 100nm, and the height is 600 nm.
3. The all-optical analog operation system based on the medium super surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the computing super surface (3) in the system is composed of titanium dioxide medium units with the same characteristic size, and the rotation angles theta of the titanium dioxide medium units in different spatial positions relative to the spatial x-axis are different.
4. The all-optical analog operation system based on the medium super surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the change of the computing function in the system is realized by replacing the computing super surface with different structures, and for computing the Green function F (x, y), the rotating angle theta of the super surface medium unit satisfies the requirement
5. An operation method of the all-optical analog operation system based on the medium super surface according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: an input signal is emitted by an input signal source (1), is linearly polarized in the y direction and carries image intensity information, and after f is transmitted, the input signal is transmitted to the plane of the computing super surface (3) through a Fourier lens (2) again to realize two-dimensional Fourier transform; multiplying the 2f plane by the super-surface complex amplitude transmission function to complete spatial frequency filtering; and the signal is transmitted to an output signal detection device (5) through the transmission f and an inverse Fourier lens (4), the signal is converted into linearly polarized light in the x direction through an analyzer, and the intensity information of the output signal is acquired through CCD detection to obtain the calculation result of the optical system.
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