CN115060861B - Water quality safety early warning device and method based on fish biology evasion strengthening effect - Google Patents
Water quality safety early warning device and method based on fish biology evasion strengthening effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water quality safety early warning device and a water quality safety early warning method based on fish biology evasion strengthening effect, wherein the device comprises a water tank (1), a water tank (2), a reference water source container (3), a camera and an upper computer; the method comprises the following steps: 1) extracting a detected water sample of the water tank (2) into the diffusion pipe (103) by utilizing a water pump, and starting a camera at the same time; 2) Part of the detected water sample in the diffusion pipe (103) diffuses into the fish school activity area (101), and the other part of the detected water sample is discharged through the water outlet I; the camera shoots a fish moving image and transmits the fish moving image to the upper computer; 3) And the upper computer processes the fish moving image to obtain the water quality state of the detected water sample. The invention can effectively monitor the water quality safety, has great help to improve the water quality environment and the water quality of people, can effectively monitor various malignant events such as the poison throwing of drinking water, and effectively protect the life and property safety of people.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water quality monitoring, in particular to a water quality safety early warning device and method based on fish biology evasion strengthening effect.
Background
The traditional water quality monitoring method has the defects of low monitoring frequency, large sampling error, high cost and the like, and cannot realize timely early warning on sudden events. Therefore, a key technology for breaking through the bottleneck of traditional water quality monitoring is to develop a biological water quality monitoring system capable of monitoring the quality of a tested water area in real time by utilizing the close relation between the behaviors of aquatic organisms (such as fish) and the water environment. The biological water quality detection can measure the influence and change of the polluted environment in the field on the premise of not influencing the original ecological system, the method can not cause obvious influence on the original environment where the organism is located, and the change of the water body environment can be measured, and the influence of the water body environment on the organism can be reflected. Aquatic animal behavior is closely related to environmental stimuli. Among the various changes that aquatic organisms are subjected to the environment, their locomotor activity is directly related to the health of the aquatic organisms. Observing their movement behavior can reflect the water quality. The aquatic organisms are not easy to detect due to the influence of the environment, so that the behavior of the aquatic organisms can be monitored in the biological water quality monitoring and early warning system to be used as an important index for reflecting the water quality condition. Among aquatic organisms, the stress response of fish is remarkable. The response of fish to stress includes motor changes and changes in the system, as stress affects nerve endings such as the neuroendocrine and sympathetic nervous systems and the autonomic nervous system, which results in increased biological vigilance and increased energy mobilization of the stress. The external presentation mode of the fish stress response is a series of fish behaviors including a fish swimming mode, such as dangerous avoidance behavior, feeding behavior, attack behavior and the like. In particular, avoidance behavior may be defined as the instinctive biological behavior of fish gathering in a toxicant gradient concentration field away from a toxicant diffusion source toward a low concentration zone (i.e., the "avoidance zone"); the avoidance ratio is defined as the number or number of fish that the poison stimulus has avoided to the avoidance area over a period of time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water quality safety early warning device based on fish biology evasion strengthening effect, which comprises a water tank, a reference water source container, a camera and an upper computer.
The water tank is used for rearing fishes in clusters.
The water vat comprises a fish school activity area, a plurality of avoidance areas and a diffusion pipe.
The fish school activity area is provided with a water inlet I and a water outlet I.
Each evasion area is communicated with the shoal of fish activity area.
Each evasion region is provided with a water inlet II and a water outlet II.
One end of the diffusion pipe is connected with the water inlet I, and the other end of the diffusion pipe is closed.
The diffusion pipe is provided with a plurality of holes, and the detected water sample in the diffusion pipe is diffused into the fish school movable area through the holes.
The water tank stores a detection water sample and is communicated with an external detection water source.
The water sample to be detected in the water tank is continuously pumped into the water tank through the water pump, namely flows into the diffusion pipe from the water inlet I and is discharged out of the water tank through the water outlet I.
The reference water source container stores a reference water sample.
The reference water sample enters the avoidance area through the water inlet II and is discharged through the water outlet II.
The camera shoots the fish moving image and transmits the fish moving image to the upper computer.
And the upper computer processes the fish moving image to obtain the water quality state of the detected water sample.
Further, the water flow direction from the water inlet II to the water outlet II is opposite to the direction of the liquid in the diffusion pipe to diffuse towards the evasion area.
Further, a valve for controlling the flow of water is included.
Further, a temperature regulator and a constant temperature controller are also included.
The constant temperature controller monitors the water temperature of the water tank and controls the start and stop of the temperature regulator. The temperature regulator regulates the water temperature of the water tank to keep the water temperature stable.
Further, the automatic water valve for controlling the input reference water source container is also included; the reference water source in the reference water source container is from an external safe water source or is taken from the same external detection water source as the water tank by an automatic water valve; a constant temperature regulator and a constant temperature controller are arranged in the reference water source container; the automatic water valve is opened at regular time to replenish the water in the reference water source container.
Further, when the reference water in the reference water source container comes from an external detection water source, the water amount in the reference water source container can be used for 5-240 minutes for the avoidance area (102) during the closing period of the automatic water valve.
Further, the avoidance ratio is the number of fish times the shoal enters the avoidance area in the period T.
The step of calculating the evasion rate includes:
1) Initializing the evasion rate i=0, and time t=0. And carrying out coordinate division on the avoidance areas to obtain the coordinate range of each avoidance area.
2) Judging whether the barycenter coordinates of each fish are in the coordinate range of the avoidance area, if so, making i=i+1, and entering the step 3), otherwise, directly entering the step 3).
3) Judging whether T is more than or equal to T, if so, outputting an avoidance rate i, otherwise, enabling t=t+1, and returning to the step 2).
Further, the step of processing the fish moving image by the upper computer to obtain the fish barycenter coordinates and detect the water quality state of the water sample comprises the following steps:
1) And carrying out binarization processing on the fish moving image to obtain a binarized fish moving image.
2) Extracting and identifying a foreground target in the binarized fish moving image by using a background difference method; the foreground object includes a fish school.
3) And acquiring the mass center of the foreground object, and processing the mass center of the foreground object to obtain the motion trail of the fish shoal.
4) Extracting characteristics of the fish swarm motion trail to obtain fish swarm motion parameter characteristics; the fish school movement characteristic is the evasion rate.
5) And determining the water quality state of the detected water sample according to the fish shoal movement characteristics.
Further, detecting the water quality state of the water sample comprises a normal state, an abnormal state and a dangerous state.
The standard for judging whether the water quality state of the detected water sample is a normal state comprises the following steps: and when the evasion rate in one period T, particularly in a plurality of periods T, is not 0 and is smaller than the corresponding abnormal threshold value, detecting that the water quality state of the water sample is a normal state.
The judging whether the water quality state of the detected water sample is an abnormal state standard comprises the following steps: judging whether the following conditions are met, if yes, detecting that the water quality state of the water sample is abnormal.
Condition 1): the avoidance rate lies between the avoidance rate anomaly threshold and the hazard threshold for one, in particular a plurality of periods T.
The criteria for determining whether the water quality status of the detected water sample is a dangerous status include: judging whether the following conditions are met, if yes, detecting the water quality state of the water sample as a dangerous state.
Condition 2): when the avoidance rate is greater than the avoidance rate risk threshold for one, and in particular more, periods T.
Condition 3): when the avoidance rate does not change during one, in particular a plurality of periods T.
The application method of the water quality safety early warning device based on the fish biology evasion strengthening effect comprises the following steps:
1) A water quality safety early warning device based on the fish biology evasion strengthening effect is built, wherein fish are raised in a water tank.
2) The water pump is used for continuously pumping the detected water sample of the water tank into the diffusion tube, and meanwhile, the camera is started.
3) Part of the detected water samples in the diffusion pipe are diffused into the fish school movable area, and the rest of the detected water samples are discharged through the water outlet. The camera shoots the fish moving image and transmits the fish moving image to the upper computer.
4) The automatic water valve is opened periodically to send the external safe water source or the external detection water source which is the same as the water tank into the reference water source container so as to supplement the water quantity in the reference water source container.
5) And the upper computer processes the fish moving image to obtain the water quality state of the detected water sample.
The method has the technical effects that the method is undoubtedly based on the external presentation mode of the fish stress reaction, the safe avoidance area through which the reference water flows is constructed in a targeted manner, the biological avoidance effect of fish is enhanced, the behavior parameters of the fish shoal are obtained through constructing corresponding software and hardware platforms and corresponding algorithms, and the behavior parameters of the fish shoal are displayed through a human-computer interface. In addition, by setting corresponding alarm threshold values and alarm mechanisms, the system gives out alarm prompts when the behavior parameters of the shoal exceed the corresponding threshold values, and timely reminds of dangers. The user can realize on-line monitoring and off-line analysis through simple button operation. Therefore, the invention can effectively monitor the water quality safety, has great help to improve the water quality environment and the water quality for people, and can effectively monitor various malignant events such as the poison of drinking water and effectively protect the life and property safety of people.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a biological avoidance enhancement effect device;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an avoidance enhancement effect avoidance rate algorithm;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a system alarm algorithm;
in the figure: a water tank 1, a water tank 2, a reference water source container 3, a fish school activity area 101, a plurality of avoidance areas 102, a diffusion pipe 103, a water pump 4, a valve 5, a temperature regulator 6 and a constant temperature controller 7.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations are made according to the ordinary skill and familiar means of the art without departing from the technical spirit of the invention, and all such substitutions and alterations are intended to be included in the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 3, the water quality safety early warning device based on the fish biology evasion strengthening effect comprises a water tank 1, a water tank 2, a reference water source container 3, a camera and an upper computer.
The water tank is used for rearing fishes in clusters.
The water tank comprises a shoal of fish activity area 101, a number of evasion areas 102 and a diffuser 103.
The fish school activity area 101 is provided with a water inlet I and a water outlet I.
Each avoidance area 102 communicates with a shoal activity area 101.
Each evasion region 102 is provided with a water inlet II and a water outlet II.
One end of the diffusion pipe 103 is connected with the water inlet I, and the other end is closed.
The diffusion tube 103 is provided with a plurality of holes, and the detected water sample in the diffusion tube 103 is diffused into the fish school activity area 101 through the holes.
The water tank 2 stores a detection water sample and is communicated with an external detection water source.
The detected water sample in the water tank 2 is continuously pumped into the water tank 1 through the water pump, namely flows into the diffusion pipe 103 from the water inlet I, and is discharged out of the water tank through the water outlet I.
The reference water source container 3 stores a reference water sample.
The reference water sample enters the avoidance area 102 through the water inlet II and is discharged through the water outlet II.
The camera shoots the fish moving image and transmits the fish moving image to the upper computer.
And the upper computer processes the fish moving image to obtain the water quality state of the detected water sample.
The water flow direction from the water inlet II to the water outlet II is opposite to the direction of the liquid in the diffusion pipe 103 diffusing to the avoidance area 102 so as to prevent the water in the diffusion pipe from entering the avoidance area 102 and construct a safe biological avoidance area.
A valve 5 for controlling the flow of water is also included.
Also comprises a temperature regulator 6 and a constant temperature controller 7.
The constant temperature controller 7 monitors the water temperature of the water tank 1 and controls the start and stop of the temperature regulator 6. The temperature regulator 6 regulates the water temperature of the water tank 1 to keep the water temperature stable.
A constant temperature regulator and a constant temperature controller are arranged in the reference water source container 3; the reference water source in the reference water source container 3 is from an external safe water source or is taken from the same external detection water source as the water tank 2 by an automatic water valve; the automatic water valve is opened at regular time, namely, the water quantity is replenished when the water quantity in the reference water source container 3 is over, and the flow of the automatic water valve is large enough to ensure that the time for replenishing the water quantity for the reference water source container 3 is short enough.
When the reference water source in the reference water source container 3 comes from the same external detection water source as the water tank 2, the volume of the reference water source can provide the reference water consumption time of the evasion region for 5-240 minutes, preferably 20-60 minutes during the closing of the automatic water valve. The dosage time provides a lead time that leads when a toxic test water sample enters the water tank, and no special configuration of an external safe water source is needed.
The avoidance ratio is the number of times a fish school enters the avoidance area 102 during period T.
The step of calculating the evasion rate includes:
1) Initializing the evasion rate i=0, and time t=0. And carrying out coordinate division on the avoidance areas 102 to obtain a coordinate range of each avoidance area 102.
2) Judging whether the barycenter coordinates of each fish are in the coordinate range of the avoidance region 102, if so, making i=i+1, and entering the step 3, otherwise, directly entering the step 3.
3) Judging whether T is more than or equal to T, if yes, outputting an avoidance rate i, otherwise, enabling T to be equal to t+1, and returning to the step 2.
The upper computer processes the fish moving image to obtain the fish barycenter coordinates and detect the water quality state of the water sample, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) And carrying out binarization processing on the fish moving image to obtain a binarized fish moving image.
2) And extracting and identifying a foreground target in the binarized fish moving image by using a background difference method. The foreground object includes a fish school.
3) And acquiring the mass center of the foreground object, and processing the mass center of the foreground object to obtain the motion trail of the fish shoal. The method for processing the centroid of the foreground object comprises a Kalman filtering method and a Hungary matching method.
4) And extracting characteristics of the fish swarm motion trail to obtain fish swarm motion parameter characteristics. The fish school movement characteristic is the evasion rate.
5) And determining the water quality state of the detected water sample according to the fish shoal movement characteristics.
Detecting the water quality state of the water sample, wherein the water quality state comprises a normal state, an abnormal state and a dangerous state.
The standard for judging whether the water quality state of the detected water sample is a normal state comprises the following steps: when the evasion rate parameter is not 0 in one period T, particularly in a plurality of periods T, and the evasion rate is smaller than the corresponding abnormal threshold value, detecting that the water quality state of the water sample is a normal state.
The judging whether the water quality state of the detected water sample is an abnormal state standard comprises the following steps: judging whether the following conditions are met, if yes, detecting that the water quality state of the water sample is abnormal.
Condition 1: the avoidance rate lies between the avoidance rate anomaly threshold and the hazard threshold for one, in particular a plurality of periods T.
The criteria for determining whether the water quality status of the detected water sample is a dangerous status include: judging whether one of the following conditions is met, if yes, detecting the water quality state of the water sample as a dangerous state.
Condition 2: when the avoidance rate is greater than the avoidance rate risk threshold for one, and in particular more, periods T.
Condition 3: when the avoidance rate does not change during one, in particular a plurality of periods T.
The application method of the water quality safety early warning device based on the fish biology evasion strengthening effect comprises the following steps:
1) A water quality safety early warning device based on the fish biology evasion strengthening effect is built, wherein fish is raised in a water tank 1.
2) The detected water sample of the water tank 2 is continuously pumped into the diffusion tube 103 by the water pump, and at the same time, the camera is turned on.
3) Part of the detected water sample in the diffusion pipe 103 diffuses into the fish school activity zone 101, and the rest of the detected water sample is discharged through the water outlet. The camera shoots the fish moving image and transmits the fish moving image to the upper computer.
4) The automatic water valve is periodically opened to feed the external safety water source or the external detection water source identical to the water tank 2 into the reference water source container 3 to supplement the amount of water in the reference water source container 3.
5) And the upper computer processes the fish moving image to obtain the water quality state of the detected water sample.
Example 2:
the water quality safety early warning device based on the fish biology evasion strengthening effect comprises a water tank 1, a water tank 2, a reference water source container 3, a camera and an upper computer;
the water tank is used for rearing fishes in clusters;
the water tank comprises a fish school activity area 101, a plurality of avoidance areas 102 and a diffusion pipe 103;
the fish school activity area 101 is provided with a water inlet I and a water outlet I;
each avoidance area 102 is in communication with a shoal of fish activity area 101;
each avoidance area 102 is provided with a water inlet II and a water outlet II;
one end of the diffusion pipe 103 is connected with the water inlet I, and the other end of the diffusion pipe is closed;
the diffusion pipe 103 is provided with a plurality of holes, and the detected water sample in the diffusion pipe 103 is diffused into the fish school activity area 101 through the holes;
the water tank 2 stores a detection water sample;
the detected water sample in the water tank 2 flows into the diffusion pipe 103 from the water inlet I and is discharged through the water outlet I;
the reference water source container 3 stores a reference water sample; the reference water sample enters the avoidance area 102 through the water inlet II and is discharged through the water outlet II;
the camera shoots a fish moving image and transmits the fish moving image to the upper computer;
and the upper computer processes the fish moving image to obtain the water quality state of the detected water sample.
The water flow direction from the water inlet I to the water outlet I is opposite to the liquid diffusion direction in the diffusion pipe 103.
The apparatus further comprises a water pump 4 for feeding the test water sample in the water tank 2 into the diffuser 103.
The device further comprises a valve 5 for controlling the flow of water.
The device also comprises a temperature regulator 6 and a constant temperature controller 7;
the constant temperature controller 7 monitors the water temperature of the water tank 1 and controls the start and stop of the temperature regulator 6; the temperature regulator 6 regulates the water temperature of the water tank 1 to keep the water temperature stable.
The upper computer processes the fish moving image to obtain the water quality state of the detected water sample, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) Performing binarization processing on the fish moving image to obtain a binarized fish moving image;
2) Extracting and identifying a foreground target in the binarized fish moving image by using a background difference method; the foreground object comprises a fish school;
3) Acquiring the centroid of a foreground object, and processing the centroid of the foreground object by using a Kalman filtering method and a Hungary matching method to obtain a movement track of a fish shoal;
4) Extracting characteristics of the fish swarm motion trail to obtain fish swarm motion characteristics;
the fish school movement characteristics are evasion times;
the avoiding times are times when the shoal of fish enters the avoiding area 102 in the period T;
the step of calculating the evasion times includes:
4.1 Initializing the evasion times i=0, and the time t=0; carrying out coordinate division on the avoidance areas 102 to obtain a coordinate range of each avoidance area 102;
4.2 Judging whether the barycenter coordinates of each fish are in the coordinate range of the avoidance area 102, if so, enabling i=i+1, and entering the step 3, otherwise, directly entering the step 3;
4.3 Judging whether T is equal to or greater than T, if so, outputting the avoidance times i, otherwise, enabling t=t+1, and returning to the step 4.2).
5) And determining the water quality state of the detected water sample according to the fish shoal movement characteristics.
Detecting the water quality state of the water sample, wherein the water quality state comprises a normal state, an abnormal state, a dangerous state and an extremely dangerous state;
the standard for judging whether the water quality state of the detected water sample is a normal state comprises the following steps: when the avoidance times in one period T, especially in a plurality of periods T, are not 0 and are smaller than the corresponding abnormal threshold values, detecting the water quality state of the water sample to be a normal state;
the judging whether the water quality state of the detected water sample is an abnormal state standard comprises the following steps: judging whether the following conditions are met, if yes, detecting that the water quality state of the water sample is abnormal;
conditions): when the avoidance times in one, especially a plurality of periods T, are between the avoidance times abnormal threshold value and the danger threshold value;
the criteria for determining whether the water quality status of the detected water sample is a dangerous status include: judging whether one of the following conditions is met, if yes, detecting the water quality state of the water sample as a dangerous state;
conditions): when the avoiding times in one period T, particularly a plurality of periods T, are larger than the dangerous threshold value of the avoiding times;
conditions): when the rate of evasion is unchanged for one, in particular for a plurality of periods T.
The application method of the water quality safety early warning device based on the fish biology evasion strengthening effect comprises the following steps:
1) A water quality safety early warning device based on the fish biology evasion strengthening effect is built, wherein fish are raised in a water tank 1;
2) The water sample detected by the water tank 2 is pumped into the diffusion pipe 103 by the water pump, and meanwhile, the camera is started;
3) Part of the detected water sample in the diffusion pipe 103 diffuses into the fish school activity zone 101, and the other part of the detected water sample is discharged through the water outlet I; the camera shoots a fish moving image and transmits the fish moving image to the upper computer;
4) And the upper computer processes the fish moving image to obtain the water quality state of the detected water sample.
Example 3:
a water quality safety early warning device based on fish biology evasion strengthening effect. According to the method, biological avoidance strengthening effect is provided by analyzing biological avoidance behaviors and on the basis of low accuracy of analysis of the avoidance behaviors of the small-volume fish tank, corresponding special fish tanks are designed according to the biological avoidance strengthening effect, corresponding special areas such as avoidance areas, diffusion pipes and the like are added into the fish tanks, and then the biological fish swarm behavior parameters are obtained through independent coding through corresponding computer vision analysis, so that fish swarm behavior parameter curve visualization is finally realized. According to the invention, by designing the corresponding water quality safety alarm scheme, corresponding alarm voice is sent when the behavior parameters of the shoal of fish are abnormal, so that users are timely reminded of abnormal water quality, and water quality safety accidents are avoided.
The biological avoidance behavior refers to the biological instinctive behavior that fish avoid from a poison diffusion source to a low concentration region in a poison gradient concentration field. Therefore, by means of a computer vision correlation principle, the number of fish in the evading area and the duration time of the fish are counted, and the normal state and the abnormal behavior state of the fish shoal are distinguished, so that whether the water quality is abnormal or not is judged. The principle diagram of the fish biology evasion strengthening effect system is shown in fig. 1, the system forms a water inlet and outlet detection system through the fish tank and the water tank, and in addition, in order to avoid the influence of temperature on biology, an electric heater is specially added to keep the water tank water in a constant temperature state. In addition, a avoidance region is specially added in the upper left region and the lower right region in the fish tank, and a diffusion pipe is added in the middle of the fish tank, so that water is introduced. Thus, when the water is injected with the poison, the poison will diffuse from the center of the diffusion tube to both sides and eventually reach the evasion zone. However, in small-volume fish tanks, the poison diffusion rate is very high, so that the diffusion process is very short, which is unfavorable for detection. Based on this, it is proposed to avoid the strengthening effect, as shown in fig. 1, by inputting reference water into the avoidance area, so that the non-toxic/low-toxic reference water body is kept for a long time in the avoidance area. Therefore, after the poison enters the fish tank, the poison diffusion is almost not generated in the avoidance area, so that the defect of too high poison diffusion speed caused by smaller fish tank can be avoided, the accuracy of avoidance behavior is greatly improved, and the false alarm rate is reduced. When reference water is input into the avoidance area, a water inlet and a water outlet are required to be arranged, and the water flow direction from the water inlet to the water outlet A is opposite to the poison diffusion direction in the fish tank, so that the poison is prevented from diffusing to the avoidance area as much as possible. In addition, in order to prevent poison from diffusing to the avoidance area, the water inlet is required to be equal to the water outlet flow or the water inlet flow is required to be appropriately larger than the water outlet flow.
The invention designs the evasion rate parameter (the times of entering the evasion region by the shoal of fish in a certain time range). For the avoidance times, the invention designs a corresponding algorithm to acquire corresponding parameters.
The evasion rate algorithm is based on evasion strengthening effect, and needs to be matched with hardware, and the algorithm flow chart is shown in fig. 2. Firstly, coordinate division is required to be carried out on an avoidance area in a fish tank, firstly, a fish tank image acquired by a camera is intercepted, and then the position of the avoidance area in the fish tank image is manually or automatically framed so as to determine the coordinate range of the avoidance area. And then judging whether the barycenter coordinates of each fish are in the coordinate range of the avoidance area, if so, adding one to the avoidance times, and if not, judging the next moment again, and counting the avoidance times in the corresponding time to determine the magnitude of the avoidance rate.
The invention designs a novel early warning scheme and strategy. The scheme is mainly as follows: and determining the behavior parameters of the fish shoal with the evasion rate, judging the water quality condition by calculating the evasion rate, and determining whether to alarm or not. The alarm condition is divided into three types, namely a normal state, an abnormal state and a dangerous state, and an abnormal state threshold value and a dangerous state threshold value are set up. When the avoidance rate reaches, especially reaches, the abnormal state threshold for a long time, the system gives an abnormal alarm to remind that the water quality is abnormal; when the avoidance rate reaches, especially reaches, the dangerous state threshold for a long time, the system gives out a dangerous alarm to remind the water quality of danger; when the avoidance rate is in the normal range, the system is normal, no alarm information is sent out, the flow is restarted, and the behavior state of the fish school at the next moment is judged. A specific alarm algorithm flow chart is shown in fig. 3.
Claims (8)
1. Water quality safety early warning device based on fish biology avoids strengthening effect, its characterized in that: comprises a water tank (1), a water tank (2), a reference water source container (3), a camera and an upper computer;
the water tank is used for rearing fishes in clusters;
the water tank comprises a fish school activity area (101), a plurality of avoidance areas (102) and a diffusion pipe (103);
the fish school activity area (101) is provided with a water inlet I and a water outlet I;
each avoidance area (102) is communicated with the shoal of fish activity area (101);
each avoidance area (102) is provided with a water inlet II and a water outlet II;
one end of the diffusion pipe (103) is connected with the water inlet I, and the other end of the diffusion pipe is closed;
the diffusion pipe (103) is provided with a plurality of holes, and a detected water sample in the diffusion pipe (103) is diffused into the fish school movable area (101) through the holes;
the water tank (2) stores a detection water sample and is communicated with an external detection water source;
the water sample to be detected in the water tank (2) is continuously pumped into the water tank (1) through the water pump, namely, flows into the diffusion pipe (103) from the water inlet I and is discharged out of the water tank through the water outlet I;
the reference water source container (3) stores a reference water sample;
the reference water sample enters the avoidance area (102) through the water inlet II and is discharged through the water outlet II;
the camera shoots a fish moving image and transmits the fish moving image to the upper computer;
the upper computer processes the fish moving image to obtain the water quality state of the detected water sample;
the upper computer processes the fish moving image to obtain the fish barycenter coordinates and detect the water quality state of the water sample, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) Performing binarization processing on the fish moving image to obtain a binarized fish moving image;
2) Extracting and identifying a foreground target in the binarized fish moving image by using a background difference method; the foreground object comprises a fish school;
3) Acquiring the mass center of a foreground object, and processing the mass center of the foreground object to obtain the motion trail of the fish shoal;
4) Extracting characteristics of the fish swarm motion trail to obtain fish swarm motion characteristics; the fish school movement characteristic is an evasion rate;
5) Determining the water quality state of the detected water sample according to the fish swarm movement characteristics;
the avoidance rate is the number of fish times the shoal enters the avoidance area (102) in the period T;
the step of calculating the evasion rate includes:
a) Initializing an avoidance ratio i=0, and at the moment t=0; carrying out coordinate division on the avoidance areas (102) to obtain a coordinate range of each avoidance area (102);
b) Judging whether the barycenter coordinates of each fish are in the coordinate range of the avoidance area (102), if yes, enabling i=i+1, and entering the step c), otherwise, directly entering the step c);
c) Judging whether T is more than or equal to T, if so, outputting an avoidance rate i, otherwise, enabling T to be equal to t+1, and returning to the step b).
2. The water quality safety precaution device based on fish biology evasion strengthening effect of claim 1, characterized in that: the water flow direction from the water inlet II to the water outlet II is opposite to the direction of the liquid in the diffusion pipe (103) to diffuse towards the evasion area (102).
3. The water quality safety precaution device based on fish biology evasion strengthening effect of claim 1, characterized in that: also comprises a valve (5) for controlling the water flow.
4. The water quality safety precaution device based on fish biology evasion strengthening effect of claim 1, characterized in that: also comprises a temperature regulator (6) and a constant temperature controller (7);
the constant temperature controller (7) monitors the water temperature of the water tank (1) and controls the start and stop of the temperature regulator (6); the temperature regulator (6) regulates the water temperature of the water tank (1) so as to keep the water temperature stable.
5. The water quality safety precaution device based on fish biology evasion strengthening effect of claim 1, characterized in that: the automatic water valve is used for controlling the input reference water source container (3); the reference water source in the reference water source container (3) is from an external safe water source or is taken from the same external detection water source as the water tank (2) by an automatic water valve; a constant temperature regulator and a constant temperature controller are arranged in the reference water source container (3); the automatic water valve is opened at regular time to supplement the water quantity in the reference water source container (3).
6. The water quality safety precaution device based on fish biology evasion strengthening effect according to claim 5, characterized in that: when the reference water in the reference water source container (3) comes from an external detection water source, the water quantity in the reference water source container (3) can be used for 5-240 minutes for avoiding the region (102) during the closing period of the automatic water valve.
7. The water quality safety precaution device based on fish biology evasion strengthening effect according to claim 1, wherein the water quality state of the detected water sample comprises a normal state, an abnormal state and a dangerous state;
the standard for judging whether the water quality state of the detected water sample is a normal state comprises the following steps: when the evasion rate in one or more periods T is not 0 and is smaller than the corresponding abnormal threshold value, detecting that the water quality state of the water sample is a normal state;
the judging whether the water quality state of the detected water sample is an abnormal state standard comprises the following steps: judging whether the following conditions are met, if yes, detecting that the water quality state of the water sample is abnormal;
conditions): when the evasion rate is between the evasion rate abnormality threshold and the danger threshold in one or more periods T;
the criteria for determining whether the water quality status of the detected water sample is a dangerous status include: judging whether one of the following conditions is met, if yes, detecting the water quality state of the water sample as a dangerous state;
conditions): when the evasion rate is greater than the evasion rate danger threshold in one or more periods T;
conditions): when the avoidance rate is unchanged for one or more periods T.
8. The method for using the water quality safety precaution device based on the fish biological avoidance strengthening effect as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Building a water quality safety early warning device based on a fish biology evasion strengthening effect, wherein fish are raised in a water tank (1);
2) Continuously pumping a detected water sample of the water tank (2) into the diffusion pipe (103) by using the water pump, and starting a camera at the same time;
3) Part of the detected water samples in the diffusion pipe (103) are diffused into the fish school movable area (101), and the rest of the detected water samples are discharged through the water outlet; the camera shoots a fish moving image and transmits the fish moving image to the upper computer;
4) The automatic water valve is opened periodically to send the external safe water source or the external detection water source which is the same as the water tank (2) into the reference water source container (3) so as to supplement the water quantity in the reference water source container (3);
5) And the upper computer processes the fish moving image to obtain the water quality state of the detected water sample.
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