CN115060797B

CN115060797B - Method, system and device for measuring absorption coefficient

Info

Publication number: CN115060797B
Application number: CN202210982886.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张祺
Original assignee: Beijing Startest Tec Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Startest Tec Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-08-16
Filing date: 2022-08-16
Publication date: 2022-10-25
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-16
Also published as: CN115060797A

Abstract

The application discloses method, system and device for measuring absorption coefficient, belongs to the field of signal characteristic measurement, and is used for improving the measurement accuracy of the absorption coefficient, and the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of converting a first electric signal into a first acoustic signal, obtaining a second acoustic signal generated after the first acoustic signal is transmitted for a preset distance in a medium, converting the second acoustic signal into a second electric signal, outputting an analog level representing an amplitude, performing phase coding operation on the first electric signal and the second electric signal to obtain a third electric signal and a fourth electric signal, operating a sample value sequence corresponding to the third electric signal and the fourth electric signal to obtain a time point corresponding to a peak value in an operation result, determining a value corresponding to the time point in the sample value sequence corresponding to the analog level as a target amplitude, and determining an absorption coefficient of the preset medium according to the target amplitude, the amplitude of the first electric signal, the conversion efficiency of the first electric signal into the first acoustic signal and the conversion efficiency of the second electric signal into the second electric signal.

Description

Method, system and device for measuring absorption coefficient

Technical Field

The application belongs to the field of signal characteristic measurement, and particularly relates to a method, a system and a device for measuring an absorption coefficient.

Background

The seawater absorption coefficient is an extremely important and basic parameter in the fields of ocean optics, biological optics and the like, in the process of ocean far-field transmission of signals, no matter the signals are acoustic signals or optical signals, the amplitude of the signals can be attenuated under the influence of medium (seawater) characteristics and transmission distance, according to a signal transmission loss mechanism, the seawater transmission loss is composed of two parts, namely spherical expansion loss and absorption loss, wherein the spherical expansion loss can be accurately characterized after the distance is given, but the seawater absorption coefficient in the absorption loss can be changed along with the characteristics and the state of seawater, and the measurement difficulty is high.

The existing scheme for measuring the seawater absorption coefficient or the seawater propagation loss is indirect measurement and direct measurement, wherein the indirect measurement usually utilizes marine measurement equipment such as a ship-borne jettison thermodepth meter, a ship-borne jettison thermodepth meter and the like to calculate the seawater absorption coefficient by obtaining the seawater temperature, the conductivity, the depth, the pH value and the like, and then the seawater absorption coefficient corresponding to the specified frequency can be calculated, and the seawater propagation loss can be calculated through the absorption coefficient. The method comprises the steps of directly measuring a signal with a certain frequency generated by a signal source and transmitting the signal for a certain distance, measuring a received amplitude after the amplitude of the signal is attenuated to calculate the seawater transmission loss, and further calculate the seawater absorption coefficient, wherein the measurement of the seawater absorption coefficient or the seawater transmission loss in an optical frequency band is simple, if the seawater absorption coefficient or the seawater transmission loss is measured in an acoustic frequency band, a hydrophone is required to be adopted to receive an explosion sound source signal in data, and the receiving amplitude and the signal-to-noise ratio are improved by improving the transmitting amplitude so as to achieve the purpose of measurement.

However, in the existing measurement scheme for the sea water absorption coefficient, under the condition that the sea water absorption coefficient is small, long-distance measurement is needed to be adopted for accurately measuring the received amplitude value, the requirement for measuring the spatial scale is increased, and the measurement is not easy to realize, and when the sea water absorption coefficient is measured by adopting an acoustic frequency range, energy is not concentrated because the opening angle of an acoustic beam is far greater than that of an optical beam, the maximum received amplitude value requires short-distance measurement, and the influence of ocean reverberation, ocean noise, multipath effect and the like cannot be avoided, so that the sea water absorption coefficient cannot be accurately measured.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a method, a system and a device for measuring an absorption coefficient, which can solve the problem that the absorption coefficient of seawater cannot be accurately measured.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring an absorption coefficient, where the method includes: converting a preset first electric signal into a first sound signal, acquiring a second sound signal generated after the first sound signal is transmitted for a preset distance in a preset medium, and converting the second sound signal into a second electric signal; processing the first electric signal and the second electric signal through a preset phase-locked amplifier, and outputting an analog level for representing an amplitude; carrying out binary phase coding operation on the first electric signal to obtain a third electric signal, and carrying out binary phase coding operation on the second electric signal to obtain a fourth electric signal; performing preset operation on a first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and a second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal to obtain a time point corresponding to a peak value in an operation result, and determining a value corresponding to the time point in the third sample value sequence corresponding to the analog level as a first target amplitude value; and determining a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first target amplitude, the first conversion efficiency of converting the first electric signal into the first acoustic signal, the second conversion efficiency of converting the second acoustic signal into the second electric signal and the amplitude corresponding to the first electric signal.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a system for measuring an absorption coefficient, where the system includes: operation module, signal transmission module, display control module: the signal output interface of the operation module is electrically connected with the signal sending end of the signal transmission module, the signal input interface of the operation module is electrically connected with the signal receiving end of the signal transmission module, and the data output interface of the operation module is electrically connected with the data input interface of the display control module; the operation module is used for generating a first electric signal and sending the first electric signal to a signal sending end of the signal transmission module; the signal transmission module is used for converting the first electric signal into a first acoustic signal through the signal sending end and sending the first acoustic signal into a preset medium through the signal sending end for transmission; the transmission module is further configured to receive, through the signal receiving terminal, a second acoustic signal generated after the first acoustic signal is transmitted for a preset distance in a preset medium, and convert the second acoustic signal into a second electrical signal; the operation module is further configured to determine a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first electrical signal, the second electrical signal, a first conversion efficiency of the first electrical signal into a first acoustic signal, and a second conversion efficiency of the second electrical signal into a second electrical signal; the display control module is used for storing and displaying the preset absorption coefficient of the medium.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an absorption coefficient measuring apparatus, including: the transmission module is used for converting a preset first electric signal into a first sound signal, acquiring a second sound signal generated after the first sound signal is transmitted for a preset distance in a preset medium, and converting the second sound signal into a second electric signal; the processing module is used for processing the first electric signal and the second electric signal through a preset phase-locked amplifier and outputting an analog level for representing an amplitude; the encoding module is used for carrying out binary phase encoding operation on the first electric signal to obtain a third electric signal and carrying out binary phase encoding operation on the second electric signal to obtain a fourth electric signal; a first determining module, configured to perform preset operation on a first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and a second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal, obtain a time point corresponding to a peak in an operation result, and determine a value, corresponding to the time point, in the third sample value sequence corresponding to the analog level as a first target amplitude; and the second determining module is used for determining a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first target amplitude, the first conversion efficiency of converting the first electric signal into the first acoustic signal, the second conversion efficiency of converting the second acoustic signal into the second electric signal and the amplitude corresponding to the first electric signal.

In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a program or instructions stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method according to the first aspect.

In a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a readable storage medium, on which a program or instructions are stored, which when executed by a processor implement the steps of the method according to the first aspect.

In the embodiment of the application, a second acoustic signal generated after a preset distance is transmitted in a preset medium by the first acoustic signal is acquired by converting a preset first electric signal into the first acoustic signal, and the second acoustic signal is converted into a second electric signal; processing the first electric signal and the second electric signal through a preset phase-locked amplifier, and outputting an analog level for representing the amplitude; carrying out binary phase coding operation on the first electric signal to obtain a third electric signal, and carrying out binary phase coding operation on the second electric signal to obtain a fourth electric signal; performing preset operation on a first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and a second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal to obtain a time point corresponding to a peak value in an operation result, and determining a value corresponding to the time point in the third sample value sequence corresponding to the analog level as a first target amplitude value; the method comprises the steps of determining an absorption coefficient of a preset medium according to a first target amplitude, a first conversion efficiency of converting a first electric signal into a first acoustic signal, a second conversion efficiency of converting a second electric signal into a second electric signal and an amplitude corresponding to the first electric signal, reducing a spatial scale required by measurement in a close-range measurement mode, accurately determining an arrival time point of the first target amplitude in a binary phase coding mode, obtaining the first target amplitude, effectively avoiding the influence of received signal distortion on measurement, improving the signal-to-noise ratio in the signals, separating the first target amplitude from ocean background noise, effectively avoiding the influence of the ocean background noise, improving the accuracy of measuring the absorption coefficient, and solving the problem that the seawater absorption coefficient cannot be accurately measured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for measuring an absorption coefficient according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an absorption coefficient measurement system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a computing module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an absorption coefficient measuring apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to another embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It will be appreciated that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein, and that the terms "first," "second," etc. are generally used in a generic sense and do not limit the number of terms, e.g., a first term can be one or more than one. In addition, "and/or" in the specification and claims means at least one of connected objects, a character "/" generally means that a preceding and succeeding related objects are in an "or" relationship.

The following describes the method, system, and apparatus for measuring absorption coefficient provided in the embodiments of the present application in detail through specific embodiments and application scenarios thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 illustrates a method for measuring an absorption coefficient according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may be performed by an electronic device, where the electronic device may include: and a terminal device, wherein the terminal device can be an absorption coefficient measuring terminal or the like. In other words, the method may be performed by software or hardware installed in the electronic device, the method comprising the steps of:

step 102: the method comprises the steps of converting a preset first electric signal into a first sound signal, obtaining a second sound signal generated after the first sound signal is transmitted for a preset distance in a preset medium, and converting the second sound signal into a second electric signal.

According to the signal transmission loss mechanism, the seawater propagation loss PL consists of two parts of spherical expansion loss and absorption loss, and the mathematical model is shown in formula 1.

Wherein PL represents seawater propagation loss; r represents a signal transmission distance; alpha represents the sea water absorption coefficient, and f represents the signal frequency;

the spherical expansion loss can be accurately characterized after the distance r is given, but the seawater absorption coefficient alpha in the absorption loss is time-varying along with the characteristics and the state of the seawater, so that the measurement difficulty is high. According to the existing theory, the seawater absorption mechanism is derived from the relaxation effect of boric acid and magnesium sulfate plasmas with uncertain components in seawater under the signal frequency f and the ideal pure water absorption effect, and the seawater absorption coefficient alpha can represent an absorption equation taking the frequency f as a variable.

The following equation 2 is a commonly used empirical equation for estimating the seawater absorption coefficient α.

(formula 2);

wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,

(ii) a PH is the pH value of the seawater; t is the temperature of the seawater; s is the conductivity of the seawater; d is the current depth of the seawater;

when the above formula is applied, appropriate parameters are usually selected, the seawater absorption coefficient α (f) is calculated by using the formula 2 according to the working frequency f, and after the parameters are grasped, the seawater propagation loss PL at any distance r can be calculated to adjust the power, compensate and correct the distance and the like.

Specifically, in the embodiment provided by the present application, the first electrical signal S (1) is generated through a preset signal frequency, the amplitude a (1) corresponding to the first electrical signal can be determined according to the first electrical signal, after the first electrical signal is obtained, the first electrical signal can be converted into a first acoustic signal through the transmitting acoustic transducer, the first acoustic signal is transmitted to a preset medium through the transmitting acoustic transducer for a preset distance, the transmitting acoustic transducer may be accompanied by a signal loss when converting the first electrical signal into the first acoustic signal, that is, when the transmitting acoustic transducer converts the first point signal into the first acoustic signal, there is conversion efficiency

Then, at this time, the first acoustic signal obtained after the conversion is the

The amplitude of the first acoustic signal is likewise

。

The preset medium can be seawater, fresh water and the like, the medium can be preset according to the requirement of a measuring object, the preset distance can also be preset according to the requirement, and in order to realize convenient measurement by adopting a short-distance operation scheme, the preset distance can generally adopt 1 meter.

The first acoustic signal is transmitted in a preset medium for a preset distance and then generates a second acoustic signal, and at the moment, the second acoustic signal can be received by the receiving acoustic transducer, the first acoustic signal is attenuated when being transmitted in the medium, and therefore, the obtained second acoustic signal

Where λ represents the attenuation coefficient of the medium.

After receiving the second sound signal, the second sound signal needs to be converted into a second electric signal by the receiving acoustic transducer for processing, and naturally, when the second sound signal is converted into the second electric signal, the signal loss is also accompanied, and therefore, the obtained second electric signal

Wherein, in the step (A),

which represents the conversion efficiency when the second acoustic signal is converted into the second electrical signal.

Step 104: and processing the first electric signal and the second electric signal through a preset phase-locked amplifier, and outputting an analog level for representing the amplitude.

Specifically, after the second electrical signal is acquired, the second electrical signal and the first electrical signal may be input to a preset lock-in amplifier, and the lock-in amplifier (also referred to as a phase detector) may separate a specific carrier frequency signal from an environment with very high interference (the signal-to-noise ratio may be as low as-60 dB, or even lower), and the lock-in amplifier operates according to the orthogonality principle of a sine function. Therefore, the first electric signal and the second electric signal can be input into the lock-in amplifier for operation, and the first electric signal and the second electric signal are operated through the lock-in amplifier, so as to output an analog level for representing the amplitude.

Step 106: and carrying out binary phase coding operation on the first electric signal to obtain a third electric signal, and carrying out binary phase coding operation on the second electric signal to obtain a fourth electric signal.

Specifically, the first signal may be an amplitude normalized cosine signal of a rectangular envelope with a time width T, and the initial phase may be Φ, then

. <xnotran> T N (N ∈ ) cos (2 π ft + φ), , N =13 , T 13 , 13 , Barker [1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1 </xnotran>]When Barker [ i]When =1, then phi =180 °, when Barker [ i =]Phi =0 ° when = 0.

Similarly, the second electrical signal has the same phase encoding as the first electrical signal, and therefore, the first electrical signal may be subjected to binary phase encoding to generate a third electrical signal, or the second electrical signal may be subjected to phase encoding to generate a fourth electrical signal.

The second electric signal is coded in a binary phase coding mode, so that the signal-to-noise ratio in the second electric signal can be effectively improved, and the effective amplitude value can be conveniently extracted from noise.

Step 108: and performing preset operation on a first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and a second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal, acquiring a time point corresponding to a peak value in an operation result, and determining a value corresponding to the time point in the third sample value sequence corresponding to the analog level as a first target amplitude value.

Specifically, after the third electrical signal and the fourth electrical signal are obtained, a first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and a second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal may be obtained, and a correlation operation may be performed on the first sample value sequence and the second sample value sequence, where the correlation operation may be a convolution operation, and then the obtained operation result is traversed, a peak value in the operation result is searched, and a time point corresponding to the peak value is obtained.

Therefore, the time point when the first target amplitude reaches can be accurately determined by carrying out the preset operation on the first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electric signal and the second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electric signal through the binary phase coding, the signal-to-noise ratio in the second electric signal is effectively improved, the first target amplitude can be conveniently extracted from noise, and the influence of signal distortion on the absorption coefficient of a measuring medium is avoided.

Step 110: and determining a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first target amplitude, the first conversion efficiency of converting the first electric signal into the first acoustic signal, the second conversion efficiency of converting the second acoustic signal into the second electric signal and the amplitude corresponding to the first electric signal.

Specifically, the first target amplitude is obtained by converting the amplitude of the first electric signal through the first sound transducer, attenuating the first electric signal in a preset medium, transferring the first electric signal in the second sound transducer, and removing the background noise of the seawater, that is, the first target amplitude

Therefore, after the first target amplitude is obtained, the first conversion efficiency of the first electrical signal into the first acoustic signal and the second conversion efficiency of the second acoustic signal into the second electrical signal can be obtained, and the precise medium attenuation coefficient can be calculated

Due to the fact that

Therefore, the medium propagation loss PL can be calculated, and when the medium propagation loss PL is determined, the absorption coefficient (α) of the medium can be accurately calculated according to the above formula 1, and since r in the formula 1 is a preset distance (known).

In addition, after the medium propagation loss and the medium absorption coefficient generated by single transmission are calculated, the uncertainty and instability of measurement can be reduced by adopting a mode of averaging multiple times of measurement, and the measurement accuracy is improved.

According to the method for measuring the absorption coefficient provided by the embodiment of the invention, a preset first electric signal is converted into a first acoustic signal, a second acoustic signal generated after the first acoustic signal is transmitted for a preset distance in a preset medium is obtained, and the second acoustic signal is converted into a second electric signal; processing the first electric signal and the second electric signal through a preset phase-locked amplifier, and outputting an analog level for representing the amplitude; carrying out binary phase coding operation on the first electric signal to obtain a third electric signal, and carrying out binary phase coding operation on the second electric signal to obtain a fourth electric signal; performing preset operation on a first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and a second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal to obtain a time point corresponding to a peak value in an operation result, and determining a value corresponding to the time point in the third sample value sequence corresponding to the analog level as a first target amplitude value; the method comprises the steps of determining an absorption coefficient of a preset medium according to a first target amplitude, a first conversion efficiency of converting a first electric signal into a first acoustic signal, a second conversion efficiency of converting a second electric signal into a second electric signal and an amplitude corresponding to the first electric signal, reducing a spatial scale required by measurement in a close-range measurement mode, accurately determining an arrival time point of the first target amplitude in a binary phase coding mode, obtaining the first target amplitude, effectively avoiding the influence of received signal distortion on measurement, improving the signal-to-noise ratio in the signals, separating the first target amplitude from ocean background noise, effectively avoiding the influence of the ocean background noise, improving the accuracy of measuring the absorption coefficient, and solving the problem that the seawater absorption coefficient cannot be accurately measured.

In one implementation, the determining a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first target amplitude, a first conversion efficiency of converting the first electrical signal into a first acoustic signal, a second conversion efficiency of converting the second acoustic signal into a second electrical signal, and a corresponding amplitude of the first electrical signal includes:

determining a preset attenuation coefficient of the medium according to the first target amplitude, the amplitude corresponding to the first electric signal and the product of the first conversion efficiency and the second conversion efficiency;

determining a first propagation loss generated by a first acoustic signal transmitted for a preset distance in a preset medium according to a preset attenuation coefficient of the medium;

specifically, the first target amplitude is obtained by converting the amplitude of the first electric signal through the first acoustic transducer, attenuating the first electric signal in a preset medium, transferring the first electric signal in the second acoustic transducer, and removing the background noise of the seawater, that is, the first target amplitude is obtained by converting the first electric signal into the first target amplitude

Therefore, after the first target amplitude is obtained, the product of the first conversion efficiency and the second conversion efficiency needs to be obtained, and the medium attenuation coefficient can be accurately calculated according to the amplitude corresponding to the first target amplitude and the first electric signal and the product

Due to the fact that

The first propagation loss of the first acoustic signal occurring over a predetermined distance of transmission in the medium can thus be determined by the attenuation coefficient of the medium, the first propagation loss of the medium being determined in accordance with the aboveEquation 1, and since r in equation 1 is a preset distance (known), the absorption coefficient (α) of the medium can be accurately calculated.

Therefore, under the condition that the accurate first target amplitude is obtained, the attenuation coefficient of the medium and the attenuation coefficient of the medium can be obtained through calculation, the first propagation loss generated by the first sound signal in the preset medium in a transmission mode for the preset distance is further determined, and the absorption coefficient of the medium is accurately obtained through calculation according to the first propagation loss and the preset distance.

In one implementation, before the determining the preset attenuation coefficient of the medium according to the first target amplitude, the corresponding amplitude of the first electrical signal, and the product of the first conversion efficiency and the second conversion efficiency, the method further includes:

acquiring a third acoustic signal generated after the first acoustic signal is transmitted for a preset distance in pure water at a preset temperature and a preset depth, and converting the third acoustic signal into a fifth electric signal;

acquiring a second target amplitude corresponding to the fifth electric signal;

determining a second propagation loss generated by the first acoustic signal transmitted in the pure water by the preset distance according to the signal frequency of the first acoustic signal;

determining the attenuation coefficient of the pure water according to the second propagation loss;

and determining the product of the first conversion efficiency and the second conversion efficiency according to the attenuation coefficient of the pure water and the second target amplitude.

Specifically, if the first conversion efficiency and the second conversion efficiency are not predetermined, a product of the first conversion efficiency and the second conversion efficiency may be determined before calculating an absorption coefficient of a medium, and an embodiment of the present application provides a calibration scheme for acoustic energy conversion efficiency, in which pure water at a preset temperature and a preset depth may be preset, where for convenience of calculation, the preset temperature may be 27 degrees celsius and the preset depth may be 0 meter, the first acoustic signal is transmitted in the pure water, a distance for transmitting the first acoustic signal may be set to 1 meter, a third acoustic signal obtained after the first signal is transmitted in the pure water by 1 meter is received, and the third acoustic signal is converted into a fifth electrical signal, and then a second target amplitude is obtained according to the fifth electrical signal, and a step for obtaining the second target amplitude according to the fifth electrical signal is the same as the step for obtaining the first target amplitude, which is not repeated herein.

Since the absorption coefficient of pure water is expressed as in the above formula 2

When the transmission depth of the signal in pure water is 0m and the temperature of the pure water is 27 ℃,

knowing the signal frequency f of the first signal, the frequency can be calculated

When the distance of the first acoustic signal transmission is 1m, the pure water propagation loss can be calculated according to the formula 1, and further the pure water attenuation coefficient can be calculated.

Since the second target amplitude is a product of the amplitude of the first electrical signal, the first conversion efficiency, the second conversion efficiency, and the attenuation coefficient of pure water, after the second target amplitude and the attenuation coefficient of pure water are determined, the product of the first conversion efficiency and the second conversion efficiency can be accurately calculated.

In addition, the product of the first conversion efficiency and the second conversion efficiency may also be affected by the signal frequency of the first electrical signal, in which case, the calculation may be performed in combination with the signal frequency of the first electrical signal, and since the signal frequency of the first electrical signal is a known value, the calculation of the product of the first conversion efficiency and the second conversion efficiency in combination with the signal frequency of the first electrical signal will not be described herein again.

In one implementation, before performing the preset operation on the first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and the second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal, the method further includes:

and sampling the third electrical signal, the fourth electrical signal and the analog level according to a preset sampling frequency to obtain the first sample value sequence, the second sample value sequence and the third sample value sequence.

Specifically, after the third electrical signal, the fourth electrical signal and the analog level are obtained, the third electrical signal, the fourth electrical signal and the analog level can be sampled according to a preset sampling frequency, a first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal, a second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal and a third sample value corresponding to the analog level are obtained through sampling, and therefore, only sample values of time points corresponding to the sampling frequency in a preset bandwidth are adopted for calculation through a sampling mode, a large amount of noise in the electrical signal with a preset time width can be removed, and the accuracy of calculation and measurement is improved.

In one implementation, the first electrical signal is scaled down by a preset transmit signal attenuator according to a preset first requirement; and/or

And amplifying the first electric signal according to a preset second requirement through a preset sending signal gain device.

Specifically, in the process of processing the first electrical signal, the first electrical signal may be reduced by a preset transmission signal attenuator according to a preset first requirement, for example, if the reduction coefficient of the transmission signal booster is determined to be γ according to the first requirement, the reduced first electrical signal is the reduced first electrical signal

The first electrical signal may also be amplified by a preset sending signal booster according to a preset second requirement, for example, if the amplification factor of the sending signal booster is determined to be β according to the second requirement, the amplified first electrical signal is the amplified first electrical signal

In this way, the first electrical signal can be adjusted as desired.

In one implementation, after converting the second acoustic signal to a second electrical signal, the method further comprises:

amplifying the noise in the second electrical signal according to a preset third requirement by using a preset high-impedance low-noise amplifier; and/or

And amplifying the second electric signal according to a preset fourth requirement through a preset receiving signal gain device.

Specifically, in the process of processing the second electrical signal, the noise of the second electrical signal may be impedance-matched and amplified by the high-impedance low-noise amplifier, which is helpful for extracting the first target amplitude from the noise by combining with the lock-in amplifier, and the second electrical signal may be amplified by the received signal booster according to a preset fourth requirement, so as to adjust the second electrical signal, for example, it is determined according to the fourth requirement that the amplification coefficient of the transmitted signal booster is β, and the amplified first electrical signal is the amplified first electrical signal

Which helps to extract the first target amplitude from the noise.

Fig. 2 shows an absorption coefficient measurement system according to an embodiment of the present application, which includes an operation module 210, a signal transmission module 220, and a display control module 230.

The signal output interface 211 of the operation module 210 is electrically connected to the signal transmitting end 221 of the signal transmission module 220, the signal output interface 212 of the operation module 210 is electrically connected to the signal receiving end 222 of the signal transmission module 220, and the data output interface of the operation module 210 is electrically connected to the data input interface 231 of the display control module 230;

the operation module 210 is configured to generate a first electrical signal, and send the first electrical signal to the signal sending end 221 of the signal transmission module 220;

the signal transmission module 220 is configured to convert the first electrical signal into a first acoustic signal through the signal transmitting terminal 221, and send the first acoustic signal to a preset medium through the signal transmitting terminal 221 for transmission;

the signal transmission module 220 is further configured to receive, through the signal receiving end 222, a second acoustic signal generated after the first acoustic signal is transmitted for a preset distance in a preset medium, and convert the second acoustic signal into a second electrical signal;

the operation module 210 is further configured to determine a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first electrical signal, the second electrical signal, a first conversion efficiency of the first electrical signal into a first acoustic signal, and a second conversion efficiency of the second acoustic signal into a second electrical signal;

the display control module 230 is used for storing and displaying the preset absorption coefficient of the medium.

Specifically, the signal output interface 211 of the operation module 210 is electrically connected to the signal transmitting terminal 221 of the signal transmission module 220, the signal output interface 212 of the operation module 210 is electrically connected to the signal receiving terminal 222 of the signal transmission module 220, the data output interface of the operation module 210 is electrically connected to the data input interface 231 of the display control module 230, the operation module 210 can generate a first electrical signal, and transmits the first electrical signal to the signal transmitting end 221 of the signal transmission module 220, the signal transmission module 220 may convert the first electrical signal into a first acoustic signal through the signal transmitting end 221, and sends the first acoustic signal to a preset medium for transmission through the signal sending end 221, after the first acoustic signal is transmitted in the preset medium for a preset distance, the signal transmission module 220 may receive a second acoustic signal generated after the first acoustic signal is transmitted a preset distance in a preset medium through the signal receiving terminal 222, and converts the second acoustic signal into a second electrical signal, the signal transmission module 220 may transmit the second electrical signal to the operation module 210, the operation module 210 may determine a predetermined absorption coefficient of a medium according to the first electrical signal, the second electrical signal, a first conversion efficiency of the first electrical signal into the first acoustic signal, and a second conversion efficiency of the second acoustic signal into the second electrical signal, and the display and control module 230 may store and display the predetermined absorption coefficient of the medium, such that, the transmission of the first acoustic signal within the preset distance can be realized through the operation module 210 and the signal transmission module 220, and realizing the absorption coefficient of the technical medium according to the obtained first electric signal, the second electric signal, the first conversion efficiency of converting the first electric signal into the first sound signal and the second conversion efficiency of converting the second sound signal into the second electric signal.

In one implementation, the operation module includes:

a transmission signal attenuator 213 for attenuating the first electric signal;

a transmit signal booster 214 for amplifying the first electrical signal;

a high impedance low noise amplifier 215 for amplifying noise in the second electrical signal;

a receive signal booster 216 for amplifying the second electrical signal;

a lock-in amplifier 217 for outputting an analog level representative of an amplitude value based on the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal;

a sampling converter 218, configured to perform a binary phase encoding operation on the first electrical signal to obtain a third electrical signal, and perform the binary phase encoding operation on the second electrical signal to obtain a fourth electrical signal; performing preset operation on a first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and a second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal to obtain a time point corresponding to a peak value in an operation result, and determining a value corresponding to the time point in the third sample value sequence corresponding to the analog level as a first target amplitude value;

a central controller 219 for determining a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the amplitude of the first electrical signal, the target amplitude, a first conversion efficiency of the first electrical signal into a first acoustic signal, and a second conversion efficiency of the second electrical signal into a second electrical signal

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a composition of an operation module 210 according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 3:

the first electrical signal may be scaled down as desired by the transmit signal attenuator 213;

the first electrical signal may be amplified as desired by a transmit signal booster 214;

the noise in the second electrical signal can be amplified by the high impedance low noise amplifier 215, helping to extract the first target amplitude from the noise.

The second electrical signal may be amplified as desired by the receive signal booster 216;

an analog level indicative of the amplitude may be output from the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal by a lock-in amplifier 217;

the sampling converter 218 may perform a binary phase encoding operation on the first electrical signal to obtain a third electrical signal, and perform a binary phase encoding operation on the second electrical signal to obtain a fourth electrical signal; performing preset operation on a first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and a second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal to obtain a time point corresponding to a peak value in an operation result, and determining a value corresponding to the time point in the third sample value sequence corresponding to the analog level as a first target amplitude value;

the first signal may be an amplitude normalized cosine signal of a rectangular envelope with a time width T, and its initial phase may be phi, then

. <xnotran> T N (N ∈ ) cos (2 π ft + φ), , N =13 , T 13 , 13 , Barker [1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1 </xnotran>]When Barker [ i]When =1, then phi =180 °, when Barker [ i =]When =0, Φ =0 °.

And the second electrical signal is coded by adopting a binary phase coding mode, so that the signal-to-noise ratio in the second electrical signal can be effectively improved, and further, the effective amplitude value can be conveniently extracted from the noise.

The absorption coefficient of the preset medium is determined by the central controller 219 based on the amplitude of the first electric signal, the target amplitude, a first conversion efficiency of the first electric signal into the first acoustic signal, and a second conversion efficiency of the second electric signal into the second electric signal

In addition, the operation module 210 may further include a variable frequency generator 2101, and the variable frequency generator 2101 may generate the first signal according to a preset signal frequency.

The computing module 210210 may further comprise a driver 2102, wherein the driver 2102 is configured to drive the signal transmission module 220 to transmit and receive signals.

In one implementation, the signal transmission module 220 includes:

a movement locking part 223 for adjusting a distance between the signal transmitting terminal 221 and the signal receiving terminal 222 and for keeping the geometric centers of the signal transmitting terminal 221 and the signal receiving terminal 222 coaxial;

a first acoustic transducer 224, the first acoustic transducer 224 being located at the signal transmitting end 221, the first acoustic transducer 224 being configured to convert the first electrical signal into the first acoustic signal and transmit the first acoustic signal into the preset medium;

a second sound transducer 225, the second sound transducer 225 being located at the signal receiving end 222, the second sound transducer 225 being configured to receive the second sound signal and convert the second sound signal into a second electrical signal.

As shown in fig. 2, the signal transmission module 220 includes a movable locking portion 223, and the movable locking portion 223 can adjust a distance between the signal transmitting end 221 and the signal receiving end 222 and is used for keeping the geometric centers of the signal transmitting end 221 and the signal receiving end 222 coaxial, so that a preset distance required for signal transmission can be flexibly adjusted according to requirements.

The signal transmission module 220 further includes a first acoustic transducer 224, where the first acoustic transducer 224 is located at the signal transmitting end 221 and is capable of converting a first electrical signal into a first acoustic signal and transmitting the first acoustic signal into a preset medium;

the signal transmission module 220 further includes a second sound transducer 225, the second sound transducer 225 is located at the signal receiving end 222, and is capable of receiving a second sound signal generated after the first sound signal is transmitted for a preset distance in a preset medium and converting the second sound signal into a second electric signal, so that not only the first electric signal is converted into the first sound signal, but also the first sound signal is transmitted to the preset medium.

The system for measuring the absorption coefficient provided by the embodiment supports the seawater absorption coefficient measurement on the surface of seawater deployed on carriers such as buoys or shipborne fixed points, and also supports the shipborne lifting and sinking to a certain depth under water to obtain profile information of the ocean vertical seawater absorption coefficient; the signal can be transmitted along a stable and unique seawater path, and the influence of reverberation and multipath effect is eliminated; the measuring system is simple in structure and beneficial to realizing miniaturization, the measuring system supports the replacement of different frequency signal sources and adjustable signal paths according to the measurement requirement, namely the distance r can avoid a series of problems of large measurement overhead, high cost, wide beam, poor long-distance measurement precision and the like caused by the fact that a high-power acoustic array is used for receiving and transmitting.

It should be noted that, in the method for measuring an absorption coefficient provided in the embodiment of the present application, the implementation subject may be a device for measuring an absorption coefficient, or a controller for implementing the method for measuring an absorption coefficient in the device for measuring an absorption coefficient. In the embodiment of the present application, a method for measuring an absorption coefficient by using an absorption coefficient measuring apparatus is taken as an example, and the absorption coefficient measuring apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application is described.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an absorption coefficient measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the absorption coefficient measuring apparatus 400 includes: a transmission module 410, a processing module 420, an encoding module 430, a first determination module 440, and a second determination module 450.

A transmission module 410, configured to convert a preset first electrical signal into a first acoustic signal, obtain a second acoustic signal generated after the first acoustic signal is transmitted in a preset medium for a preset distance, and convert the second acoustic signal into a second electrical signal; the processing module 420 is configured to process the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal through a preset lock-in amplifier, and output an analog level for representing an amplitude; the encoding module 430 is configured to perform a binary phase encoding operation on the first electrical signal to obtain a third electrical signal, and perform the binary phase encoding operation on the second electrical signal to obtain a fourth electrical signal; a first determining module 440, configured to perform a preset operation on a first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and a second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal, obtain a time point corresponding to a peak in an operation result, and determine a value corresponding to the time point in the third sample value sequence corresponding to the analog level as a first target amplitude; a second determining module 450, configured to determine a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first target amplitude, a first conversion efficiency of the first electrical signal into a first acoustic signal, a second conversion efficiency of the second electrical signal into a second electrical signal, and an amplitude corresponding to the first electrical signal.

In one implementation, the second determining module 450 is configured to: determining a preset attenuation coefficient of the medium according to the first target amplitude, the amplitude corresponding to the first electric signal and the product of the first conversion efficiency and the second conversion efficiency; determining a first propagation loss generated by a first acoustic signal transmitted for a preset distance in a preset medium according to a preset attenuation coefficient of the medium; and determining a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first propagation loss and the preset distance.

In one implementation, the measurement apparatus 400 further includes a calibration module 460 for: acquiring a third acoustic signal generated after the first acoustic signal is transmitted for a preset distance in pure water at a preset temperature and a preset depth, and converting the third acoustic signal into a fifth electric signal; acquiring a second target amplitude corresponding to the fifth electric signal; determining a second propagation loss generated by the first acoustic signal transmitting a preset distance in the pure water according to the signal frequency of the first acoustic signal; determining the attenuation coefficient of the pure water according to the second propagation loss; and determining the product of the first conversion efficiency and the second conversion efficiency according to the attenuation coefficient of the pure water and the second target amplitude.

In one implementation, the measurement apparatus 400 further includes a sampling module 470 for: and sampling the third electrical signal, the fourth electrical signal and the analog level according to a preset sampling frequency to obtain the first sample value sequence, the second sample value sequence and the third sample value sequence.

In one implementation, the measurement apparatus 400 further includes a first adjusting module 480 for: reducing the first electrical signal according to a first preset requirement through a preset sending signal attenuator; and/or amplifying the first electrical signal according to a preset second requirement through a preset sending signal booster.

In one implementation, the measurement apparatus 400 further includes a second adjusting module 490 configured to: amplifying the noise in the second electrical signal according to a preset third requirement by using a preset high-impedance low-noise amplifier; and/or amplifying the second electric signal according to a preset fourth requirement through a preset receiving signal booster.

Measurement of absorption coefficient in the examples of the present applicationDevice for measuring the position of a moving objectMay be a device or may be a component, integrated circuit, or chip in a terminal. The device can be mobile electronic equipment or non-mobile electronic equipment. By way of example, the mobile electronic device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palm top computer, a vehicle-mounted electronic device, a wearable device, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook or a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), and the like, and the non-mobile electronic device may be a server, a Network Attached Storage (NAS), a Personal Computer (PC), a Television (TV), a teller machine or a self-service machine, and the like, and the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited.

The device for measuring the absorption coefficient in the embodiment of the present application may be a device electronic apparatus, or may be a component in a terminal electronic apparatus, such as an integrated circuit or a chip. The electronic device may be a terminal, or may be a device other than a terminal. The apparatus may be a mobile electronic device or a non-mobile electronic device. By way of example, the Mobile electronic Device may be a Mobile phone, a tablet Computer, a notebook Computer, a palm Computer, a vehicle-mounted electronic Device, a Mobile Internet Device (MID), an Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR) Device, a robot, a wearable Device, an Ultra-Mobile Personal Computer (UMPC), a netbook or a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), and the like, and the non-Mobile electronic Device may also be a server, a Network Attached Storage (NAS), a Personal Computer (NAS), a Television (TV), a teller machine, a self-service machine, and the like, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited in particular.

The device for measuring the absorption coefficient in the embodiment of the present application may be a device having an operating system. The operating system may be an Android (Android) operating system, an ios operating system, or other possible operating systems, and embodiments of the present application are not limited specifically.

The device for measuring the absorption coefficient provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement each process implemented in the method embodiment of fig. 1, and is not described here again to avoid repetition.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 5, an electronic device 500 according to an embodiment of the present application is further provided, and includes a processor 501 and a memory 502, where the memory 502 stores a program or an instruction that is executable on the processor 501, and when the program or the instruction is executed by the processor 501, the program or the instruction implements: converting a preset first electric signal into a first sound signal, acquiring a second sound signal generated after the first sound signal is transmitted for a preset distance in a preset medium, and converting the second sound signal into a second electric signal; processing the first electric signal and the second electric signal through a preset phase-locked amplifier, and outputting an analog level for representing an amplitude; carrying out binary phase coding operation on the first electric signal to obtain a third electric signal, and carrying out binary phase coding operation on the second electric signal to obtain a fourth electric signal; performing preset operation on a first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and a second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal to obtain a time point corresponding to a peak value in an operation result, and determining a value corresponding to the time point in the third sample value sequence corresponding to the analog level as a first target amplitude value; and determining a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first target amplitude, the first conversion efficiency of converting the first electric signal into the first acoustic signal, the second conversion efficiency of converting the second acoustic signal into the second electric signal and the amplitude corresponding to the first electric signal.

In one implementation, a preset attenuation coefficient of the medium is determined according to the first target amplitude, the amplitude corresponding to the first electric signal, and the product of the first conversion efficiency and the second conversion efficiency; determining a first propagation loss generated by a first acoustic signal transmitted for a preset distance in a preset medium according to a preset attenuation coefficient of the medium; and determining a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first propagation loss and the preset distance.

In one implementation, before the determining the preset attenuation coefficient of the medium according to the first target amplitude, the corresponding amplitude of the first electrical signal, and the product of the first conversion efficiency and the second conversion efficiency, the method further includes: acquiring a third acoustic signal generated after the first acoustic signal is transmitted for a preset distance in pure water at a preset temperature and a preset depth, and converting the third acoustic signal into a fifth electric signal; acquiring a second target amplitude corresponding to the fifth electric signal; determining a second propagation loss generated by the first acoustic signal transmitting a preset distance in the pure water according to the signal frequency of the first acoustic signal; determining the attenuation coefficient of the pure water according to the second propagation loss; and determining the product of the first conversion efficiency and the second conversion efficiency according to the attenuation coefficient of the pure water and the second target amplitude.

In one implementation, before performing the preset operation on the first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and the second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal, the method further includes: and sampling the third electrical signal, the fourth electrical signal and the analog level according to a preset sampling frequency to obtain the first sample value sequence, the second sample value sequence and the third sample value sequence.

In one implementation, before converting the preset first electrical signal into the first acoustic signal, the method further includes: reducing the first electrical signal according to a first preset requirement through a preset sending signal attenuator; and/or amplifying the first electrical signal according to a preset second requirement through a preset sending signal booster.

In one implementation, after converting the second acoustic signal to a second electrical signal, the method further comprises: amplifying the noise in the second electrical signal according to a preset third requirement by using a preset high-impedance low-noise amplifier; and/or amplifying the second electrical signal according to a preset fourth requirement through a preset receiving signal booster.

For specific execution steps, reference may be made to each step of the above-described absorption coefficient measurement method embodiment, and the same technical effect can be achieved, and for avoiding repetition, details are not described here again.

It should be noted that the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application includes: a server, a terminal, or other device besides a terminal.

The above electronic device structure does not constitute a limitation of the electronic device, the electronic device may include more or less components than those shown in the drawings, or some components may be combined, or different component arrangements, for example, the input Unit may include a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and a microphone, and the display Unit may configure the display panel in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode, or the like. The user input unit includes at least one of a touch panel and other input devices. The touch panel is also referred to as a touch screen. Other input devices may include, but are not limited to, a physical keyboard, function keys (e.g., volume control keys, switch keys, etc.), a trackball, a mouse, and a joystick, which are not described in detail herein.

The memory may be used to store software programs as well as various data. The memory may mainly include a first storage area storing programs or instructions and a second storage area storing data, wherein the first storage area may store an operating system, application programs or instructions required for at least one function (such as a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.), and the like. Further, the memory may include volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or the memory may include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. The non-volatile Memory may be a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable ROM (PROM), an Erasable PROM (EPROM), an Electrically Erasable PROM (EEPROM), or a flash Memory. The volatile Memory may be a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Static Random Access Memory (Static RAM, SRAM), a Dynamic Random Access Memory (Dynamic RAM, DRAM), a Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (Synchronous DRAM, SDRAM), a Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (Double Data Rate SDRAM, ddr SDRAM), an Enhanced Synchronous SDRAM (ESDRAM), a Synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), and a Direct bus RAM (DRRAM).

A processor may include one or more processing units; optionally, the processor integrates an application processor, which mainly handles operations related to the operating system, user interface, application programs, etc., and a modem processor, which mainly handles wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It will be appreciated that the modem processor described above may not be integrated into the processor.

The embodiment of the present application further provides a readable storage medium, where a program or an instruction is stored on the readable storage medium, and when the program or the instruction is executed by a processor, the program or the instruction implements each process of the above-mentioned embodiment of the absorption coefficient measurement method, and can achieve the same technical effect, and in order to avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.

The processor is the processor in the electronic device described in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes a computer readable storage medium, such as a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic or optical disk, and the like.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one of 8230, and" comprising 8230does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element. Further, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing the functions in the order illustrated or discussed, but may include performing the functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in a reverse order based on the functions recited, e.g., the described methods may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

Through the description of the foregoing embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the method of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly may also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application may be embodied in the form of a computer software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes instructions for enabling a terminal (such as a mobile phone, a computer, a server, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present application.

While the present embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise embodiments described above, which are meant to be illustrative and not restrictive, and that various changes may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for measuring an absorption coefficient, comprising:

converting a preset first electric signal into a first sound signal, acquiring a second sound signal generated after the first sound signal is transmitted for a preset distance in a preset medium, and converting the second sound signal into a second electric signal;

processing the first electric signal and the second electric signal through a preset phase-locked amplifier, and outputting an analog level for representing an amplitude;

carrying out binary phase coding operation on the first electric signal to obtain a third electric signal, and carrying out binary phase coding operation on the second electric signal to obtain a fourth electric signal;

performing preset operation on a first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and a second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal to obtain a time point corresponding to a peak value in an operation result, and determining a value corresponding to the time point in the third sample value sequence corresponding to the analog level as a first target amplitude value;

and determining a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first target amplitude, the first conversion efficiency of converting the first electric signal into the first acoustic signal, the second conversion efficiency of converting the second acoustic signal into the second electric signal and the amplitude corresponding to the first electric signal.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first target amplitude, a first conversion efficiency of the first electrical signal into a first acoustic signal, a second conversion efficiency of the second electrical signal into a second electrical signal, and a corresponding amplitude of the first electrical signal comprises:

and determining a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first propagation loss and the preset distance.

3. The method of measurement according to claim 2, further comprising, before said determining a predetermined attenuation coefficient of said medium based on a product of said first target amplitude, a corresponding amplitude of said first electrical signal, said first conversion efficiency and said second conversion efficiency:

acquiring a second target amplitude corresponding to the fifth electric signal;

determining an attenuation coefficient of the pure water according to the second propagation loss;

4. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein before the performing the preset operation on the first sequence of sample values corresponding to the third electrical signal and the second sequence of sample values corresponding to the fourth electrical signal, the method further comprises:

5. The method of measuring of claim 1, wherein prior to converting the predetermined first electrical signal to the first acoustic signal, the method further comprises:

reducing the first electrical signal according to a first preset requirement through a preset sending signal attenuator; and/or

6. The measurement method of claim 1, wherein after converting the second acoustic signal to a second electrical signal, the method further comprises:

7. An absorption coefficient measuring system, characterized in that the measuring system is operated to execute the measuring method of any one of claims 1-6, and the measuring system comprises an operation module, a signal transmission module, and a display control module:

the signal output interface of the operation module is electrically connected with the signal sending end of the signal transmission module, the signal input interface of the operation module is electrically connected with the signal receiving end of the signal transmission module, and the data output interface of the operation module is electrically connected with the data input interface of the display control module;

the operation module is used for generating a first electric signal and sending the first electric signal to a signal sending end of the signal transmission module;

the signal transmission module is used for converting the first electric signal into a first acoustic signal through the signal sending end and sending the first acoustic signal into a preset medium through the signal sending end for transmission;

the signal transmission module is further configured to receive, through the signal receiving terminal, a second acoustic signal generated after the first acoustic signal is transmitted for a preset distance in a preset medium, and convert the second acoustic signal into a second electrical signal;

the operation module is further configured to determine a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first electrical signal, the second electrical signal, a first conversion efficiency of the first electrical signal into a first acoustic signal, and a second conversion efficiency of the second electrical signal into a second electrical signal;

the display control module is used for storing and displaying the preset absorption coefficient of the medium.

8. The measurement system of claim 7, wherein the computing module comprises:

a transmit signal attenuator for reducing said first electrical signal;

a transmission signal booster for amplifying the first electrical signal;

a high impedance low noise amplifier for amplifying noise in the second electrical signal;

a receive signal booster for amplifying the second electrical signal;

the phase-locked amplifier is used for outputting an analog level representing the amplitude according to the first electric signal and the second electric signal;

the sampling converter is used for carrying out binary phase coding operation on the first electric signal to obtain a third electric signal and carrying out binary phase coding operation on the second electric signal to obtain a fourth electric signal; performing preset operation on a first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and a second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal to obtain a time point corresponding to a peak value in an operation result, and determining a value corresponding to the time point in the third sample value sequence corresponding to the analog level as a first target amplitude value;

and the central controller is used for determining a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the amplitude of the first electric signal, the target amplitude, the first conversion efficiency of converting the first electric signal into a first sound signal and the second conversion efficiency of converting the second sound signal into a second electric signal.

9. The measurement system of claim 7, wherein the signal transmission module comprises:

the mobile locking part is used for adjusting the distance between the signal transmitting end and the signal receiving end and keeping the geometric centers of the signal transmitting end and the signal receiving end coaxial;

a first acoustic transducer located at the signal transmitting end, the first acoustic transducer being configured to convert the first electrical signal into the first acoustic signal and transmit the first acoustic signal into the preset medium;

a second sound transducer located at the signal receiving end, the second sound transducer being configured to receive the second sound signal and convert the second sound signal into a second electrical signal.

10. An absorption coefficient measuring apparatus, comprising:

the transmission module is used for converting a preset first electric signal into a first sound signal, acquiring a second sound signal generated after the first sound signal is transmitted for a preset distance in a preset medium, and converting the second sound signal into a second electric signal;

the processing module is used for processing the first electric signal and the second electric signal through a preset phase-locked amplifier and outputting an analog level for representing an amplitude;

the encoding module is used for carrying out binary phase encoding operation on the first electric signal to obtain a third electric signal and carrying out binary phase encoding operation on the second electric signal to obtain a fourth electric signal;

a first determining module, configured to perform preset operation on a first sample value sequence corresponding to the third electrical signal and a second sample value sequence corresponding to the fourth electrical signal, obtain a time point corresponding to a peak in an operation result, and determine a value, corresponding to the time point, in the third sample value sequence corresponding to the analog level as a first target amplitude;

and the second determining module is used for determining a preset absorption coefficient of the medium according to the first target amplitude, the first conversion efficiency of converting the first electric signal into the first acoustic signal, the second conversion efficiency of converting the second acoustic signal into the second electric signal and the amplitude corresponding to the first electric signal.