CN115060187B - Distributed optical fiber strain sensing performance detection system and method - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber strain sensing performance detection system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115060187B CN115060187B CN202210990552.6A CN202210990552A CN115060187B CN 115060187 B CN115060187 B CN 115060187B CN 202210990552 A CN202210990552 A CN 202210990552A CN 115060187 B CN115060187 B CN 115060187B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
- G01B21/047—Accessories, e.g. for positioning, for tool-setting, for measuring probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
- G01B21/042—Calibration or calibration artifacts
Abstract
The invention relates to a distributed optical fiber strain sensing performance detection system and a method, wherein a fixed base and a nanoscale measuring device are placed on an optical shock insulation platform, a first clamp and a second clamp are used for fixing a sensed optical fiber to be detected on the tops of the fixed base and the nanoscale measuring device, a nanoscale measurement control device is used for being connected with the nanoscale measuring device through a first HD sub-D line and a second HD sub-D line, the nanoscale measuring device is controlled to work, parameters of the nanoscale measuring device are read, and finally calculation is carried out in a data processing and analyzing unit. The invention explores the relation between the pre-stretching elongation and the strain measurement precision and reasonably selects the pre-stretching elongation. The strain measurement calibration and precision verification method is researched. Meanwhile, the invention realizes the effective detection of the sensing spatial resolution, the distributed strain measurement range and the distributed measurement length index of the optical fiber distributed strain sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a distributed optical fiber strain sensing performance detection system and method.
Background
The distributed optical fiber measurement and sensing technology integrates sensing and transmission, a single optical fiber is used as a sensing medium and a transmission medium of optical signals, the test distance can reach dozens of kilometers or even hundreds of kilometers, and various external parameters along the optical fiber can be continuously measured. The distributed sensing technology has the advantages of an optical fiber sensor, and has unique advantages of high capacity, high resolution, long distance, convenience in forming an intelligent network and the like, so that the distributed sensing technology can be widely applied to various fields of civil life, national defense safety and the like, such as optical fiber communication networks, aerospace, perimeter safety, electric power lines, structural health of large-scale infrastructure (bridges, pipelines, tunnels and the like), and the distributed optical fiber measuring and sensing technology has irreplaceable advantages of multiple parameters, intellectualization, high capacity, multiple channels, high sensitivity and the like.
Light transmitted in an optical fiber interacts with a transmission medium, the optical fiber, in which there are three types of scattering, commonly rayleigh scattering, brillouin scattering and raman scattering. The distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on rayleigh scattering can be mainly distinguished as an optical time domain reflection technology and an optical frequency domain reflection technology based on rayleigh scattering, including the most common optical time domain reflection technology based on rayleigh scattering, namely, a conventional optical time domain reflection technology (OTDR), coherent (or phase-sensitive) optical time domain reflection technology based on rayleigh scattering (Coherent-optical time domain reflection technology, C-OTDR or phased optical time domain reflection technology, phi-OTDR), a Polarization-optical time domain reflection technology based on rayleigh scattering (Polarization-optical time domain reflection threshold-OTDR), and an optical frequency domain reflection technology based on rayleigh scattering (optical time domain reflection technology, OFDR). In addition to rayleigh scattering, raman scattering results from inelastic collisions of incident light with photoacoustic molecules in the fiber, with wavelengths greater than the incident light being stokes light and wavelengths less than the incident light being anti-stokes light. The Raman scattered anti-Stokes light is subjected to temperature modulation of a scattering point of the optical fiber, and can be used as a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor (R-OTDR) based on Raman scattering according to a mechanism. Brillouin scattering is caused by inelastic collisions of photons with phonons generated in the fiber due to self-heating motion, which generates new frequency components in the fiber. The scattering frequency shift component is generated by a moving grating generated by sound wave, the grating propagates in the optical fiber at sound velocity, and the sound velocity is related to the temperature and the stress in the optical fiber, so that two Brillouin frequency shift components both carry the local temperature and stress information of the optical fiber, and the distributed stress or temperature sensor based on Brillouin scattering, such as B-OTDR or B-OTDA, can be used as a distributed stress or temperature sensor based on Brillouin scattering according to the mechanism. Compared with other strain sensors, distributed optical fiber strain sensing has some unique key indexes, such as sensing spatial resolution, distributed strain measurement range, distributed measurement length and the like, and currently, an effective detection means is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a system and a method for detecting the strain sensing performance of a distributed optical fiber, and can effectively detect the sensing spatial resolution, the distributed strain measurement range and the distributed measurement length index of an optical fiber distributed strain sensor.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a distributed optical fiber strain sensing performance detection system comprises a fixed base, a nanoscale measuring device, an optical shock isolation platform, a first clamp, a second clamp, a first HDsub-D line, a second HDsub-D line, a nanoscale measurement control device and a data processing and analyzing unit, wherein the fixed base is arranged above the optical shock isolation platform, the nanoscale measuring device is placed above the optical shock isolation platform, the fixed base and the nanoscale measuring device are coaxially arranged at intervals, and an interval region is used as a measurement sensitive region; the top of the fixed base is provided with a first clamp used for fixing one end of the sensing optical fiber to be detected; the second clamp is arranged at the top of the nanoscale measuring device and used for fixing the other end of the sensing optical fiber to be measured and controlling the strain applied to the sensing optical fiber to be measured; the nanoscale measurement device is connected with the nanoscale measurement control device through a first HDsub-D line and a second HDsub-D line and is used for transmitting information of a motor and a displacement sensor in the nanoscale measurement device and receiving an instruction of the nanoscale measurement control device to perform closed-loop feedback control; the nanoscale measurement control device is connected with a data processing and analyzing unit through a USB or RS-232, and the data processing and analyzing unit is used for reading and controlling data.
A detection method of a distributed optical fiber strain sensing performance detection system comprises a maximum strain value measurement method, a minimum strain value measurement method, a measurement length test method, a first spatial resolution test method and a second spatial resolution test method.
Furthermore, the maximum strain value measurement comprises the steps of:
step 1.1, according to a distributed parameter measurement principle, fixing a sensing optical fiber in a distributed measurement system on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing to serve as a measurement reference initial position;
step 1.2, starting from the initial position of the measurement reference datum, selecting a certain lengthLThe sensing optical fiber is used as a measurement sensitive area, and the other end of the sensing optical fiber is fixed on the nano-scale measurement control device through a second clamp or glue;
step 1.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measurement control device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting 120% of the maximum stretching amount in the nanoscale measurement control device, and performing 5 stretching cycles on the nanoscale measurement device; ensuring that the slipping position of the sensing optical fiber in the first clamp and the second clamp appears in the stretching cycle through the stretching cycle;
step 1.4, fine-tuning the fixed installation position of the nanoscale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area has pre-strain and is in a tension state, and simultaneously ensuring that a measuring reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area and the nanoscale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane;
step 1.5, setting the maximum strain capacity through a nanoscale measuring device, repeatedly measuring for many times, converting data of the nanoscale measuring device into strain values, and obtaining the strain values with Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and strain calibration coefficients measured by a distributed measuring system; and comparing the two groups of strain values in repeated measurement for many times to obtain the maximum strain value of the instrument to be detected.
Moreover, the minimum strain value measurement comprises the steps of:
2.1, fixing a sensing optical fiber in the distributed measurement system on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing according to a distributed parameter measurement principle to be used as a measurement reference initial position;
step 2.2, starting from the initial position of the measurement reference datum, selecting a certain lengthLThe other end of the sensing optical fiber with the selected length is fixed on the nano-scale measuring device through a second clamp or glue；
Step 2.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measuring device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting 120% of the maximum stretching amount in the nanoscale measurement control device, and performing 5 stretching cycles on the nanoscale measurement device; ensuring that the slipping position of the sensing optical fiber in the first clamp or the second clamp occurs in the stretching cycle through the stretching cycle;
step 2.4, fine-tuning the fixed installation position of the nanoscale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area has pre-strain and is in a tension state, and simultaneously ensuring that the measuring reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area and the nanoscale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane;
step 2.5, setting the minimum strain through the nanoscale measuring device, repeatedly measuring for many times, converting data of the nanoscale measuring device into strain values, and obtaining the strain values with Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and strain calibration coefficients measured by the distributed measuring system; and comparing the two groups of strain values in repeated measurement for many times to obtain the minimum strain value of the instrument to be detected.
Furthermore, the measurement length test comprises the steps of:
3.1, fixing a sensing optical fiber in the distributed measurement system on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing according to a distributed parameter measurement principle to be used as a measurement reference initial position;
step 3.2, starting from the initial position of the measurement reference datum, selecting a certain lengthLThe sensing optical fiber is used as a measurement sensitive area, and the other end of the sensing optical fiber with the selected length is fixed on the nano-scale measuring device through a second clamp or glue;
step 3.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measuring device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting 120% of the maximum stretching amount in the nanoscale measurement control device, and performing 5 stretching cycles on the nanoscale measurement device; ensuring that the slipping position of the sensing optical fiber in the first clamp or the second clamp occurs in the stretching cycle through the stretching cycle;
3.4, finely adjusting the fixed installation position of the nanoscale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber area with the longest measuring distance has pre-strain and is in a tension state, and simultaneously ensuring that the measuring reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area and the nanoscale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane;
3.5, setting a plurality of groups of stretching amounts through the nanoscale measuring device, repeatedly measuring for many times, converting data of the nanoscale measuring device into strain values, and obtaining the strain values together with Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and strain calibration coefficients measured by the distributed measuring system; comparing two groups of strain values in repeated measurement;
and 3.6, repeating the steps 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6 to obtain the test performances of different positions on the sensing optical fiber, wherein the test distances of the sensing optical fiber selected from the initial position of the measurement reference datum are 5%,25%,50% and 75% of the longest test distance of the sensing optical fiber.
Furthermore, the first spatial resolution test comprises the steps of:
step 4.1, according to the distributed parameter measurement principle, fixing a sensing optical fiber in the distributed measurement system on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing to serve as a measurement reference initial position;
step 4.2, starting from the initial position of the measurement reference datum, selecting a sensing optical fiber with the length of z times of the required spatial resolution as a measurement sensitive areaHAnd the other end of the sensing optical fiber with the selected length is fixed on the nano-scale measuring device through a second clamp or glue;
step 4.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measuring device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting 120% of the maximum stretching amount in the nanoscale measurement control device, and performing 5 stretching cycles on the nanoscale measurement device; ensuring that the slipping position of the sensing optical fiber in the first clamp or the second clamp occurs in the stretching cycle through the stretching cycle;
step 4.4, fine-tuning the fixed installation position of the nanoscale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber area with the longest testing distance has pre-strain and is in a tension state, and simultaneously ensuring that the measurement reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measurement sensitive area and the nanoscale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane;
4.5, setting a plurality of groups of stretching quantities through the nanoscale measuring device, repeatedly measuring for many times, converting data of the nanoscale measuring device into strain values, and obtaining the strain values with Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and strain calibration coefficients measured by the distributed measuring system; comparing two groups of strain values in repeated measurement; and observing the strain change point positions of the distributed strain curve of the distributed measurement system on the strain curve changing along with the distance, wherein the length of the strain change point positions is equal to the length which is originally set to be several times of the spatial resolution.
Moreover, the second spatial resolution test comprises the steps of:
step 5.1, according to the distributed parameter measurement principle, fixing a sensing optical fiber in a distributed measurement system on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing to serve as a measurement reference initial position;
step 5.2, starting from the initial position of the measurement reference datum, selecting the lengthLThe sensing optical fiber with the length 1 time of the required spatial resolution z is used as a measurement sensitive area, the other end of the sensing optical fiber with the selected length is fixed on the nanoscale measuring device through a second clamp or glue, the length of the relaxed optical fiber is x, then the sensing optical fiber is folded back in a U shape and fixed on the base, and the sensing optical fiber is well fastened with the fixed base and the nanoscale measuring device through the second clamp or glue;
step 5.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measuring device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting 120% of the maximum stretching amount in the nanoscale measurement control device, and performing 5 stretching cycles on the nanoscale measurement device; ensuring that the slipping position of the sensing optical fiber in the first clamp or the second clamp occurs in the stretching cycle through the stretching cycle;
step 5.4, fine-tuning the fixed installation position of the nano-scale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber area with the longest testing distance has pre-strain and is in a tension state, and simultaneously ensuring that the measurement reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measurement sensitive area and the nano-scale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane;
step 5.5, setting a plurality of groups of stretching amounts through the nanoscale measuring device, repeatedly measuring for many times, converting data of the nanoscale measuring device into strain values, and obtaining the strain values with Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and strain calibration coefficients measured by the distributed measuring system; comparing two groups of strain values in repeated measurement; observing the distributed strain curve of the distributed measurement system, and distinguishing the strain changes of two points on the strain curve changing along with the distance.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
according to the invention, a fixed base and a nanoscale measuring device are placed on an optical shock insulation platform, a measured sensing optical fiber is fixed at the tops of the fixed base and the nanoscale measuring device through a first clamp and a second clamp, the nanoscale measuring control device is connected with the nanoscale measuring device through a first HDsub-D line and a second HDsub-D line, the nanoscale measuring device is controlled to work, parameters of the nanoscale measuring device are read, and finally calculation is carried out in a data processing and analyzing unit. The invention explores the relation between the pre-stretching elongation and the strain measurement precision and reasonably selects the pre-stretching elongation. Strain measurement calibration and precision verification methods are studied. Meanwhile, the invention realizes the effective detection of the sensing spatial resolution, the distributed strain measurement range and the distributed measurement length index of the optical fiber distributed strain sensor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system connection of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second spatial resolution test connection for distributed fiber strain measurements in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the measurement of the optical frequency distribution at a position of 200m under a strain of 5 to 25 in two adjacent test areas according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the non-measured optical frequency domain shift as a function of strain change in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for measuring a length of a measurement according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a maximum strain test method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a minimum strain test method of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a first method for testing spatial resolution according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a second spatial resolution testing method according to the present invention.
The device comprises a fixed base 1, a 2-nanoscale measuring device, a 3-measured sensing optical fiber, a 4-optical shock isolation platform, a 5-first clamp, a 6-second clamp, a 7-first HDsub-D line, an 8-second HDsub-D line, a 9-nanoscale measurement control device and a 10-data processing and analyzing unit.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A distributed optical fiber strain sensing performance detection system is shown in figure 1 and comprises a fixed base, a nanoscale measuring device, an optical shock insulation platform, a first clamp, a second clamp, a first HDsub-D line, a second HDsub-D line, a nanoscale measurement control device and a data processing and analyzing unit, wherein the fixed base is arranged above the optical shock insulation platform, the nanoscale measuring device is placed above the optical shock insulation platform, the fixed base and the nanoscale measuring device are coaxially arranged at intervals, and the interval area is used as a measurement sensitive area; the top of the fixed base is provided with a first clamp used for fixing one end of the sensing optical fiber to be detected; the second clamp is arranged at the top of the nanoscale measuring device and used for fixing the other end of the sensing optical fiber to be measured and controlling the strain applied to the sensing optical fiber to be measured; the nanoscale measurement device is connected with the nanoscale measurement control device through a first HDsub-D line and a second HDsub-D line and is used for transmitting information of a motor and a displacement sensor in the nanoscale measurement device and receiving an instruction of the nanoscale measurement control device to perform closed-loop feedback control; the nanoscale measurement control device is connected with the data processing and analyzing unit through a USB or RS-232, and the data processing and analyzing unit is used for reading and controlling data.
A detection method of a distributed optical fiber strain sensing performance detection system comprises a maximum strain value measurement method, a minimum strain value measurement method, a measurement length test method, a first spatial resolution test method and a second spatial resolution test method.
As shown in fig. 6, the maximum strain value measurement includes the following steps:
step 1.1, according to the distributed parameter measurement principle, a sensing optical fiber in the distributed measurement system is fixed on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing to serve as a measurement reference initial position.
Step 1.2, starting from the initial position of the measurement reference datum, selecting a certain lengthLThe sensing optical fiber is used as a measurement sensitive area, and the other end of the sensing optical fiber is fixed on the nanometer measurement control device through a second clamp or glue.
Step 1.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measurement control device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting 120% of the maximum stretching amount in the nanoscale measurement control device, and performing 5 stretching cycles on the nanoscale measurement device; the stretching cycle ensures that the slipping position of the sensing fiber in the first clamp and the second clamp occurs in the stretching cycle, but not in the subsequent strain calibration measurement.
And step 1.4, fine-tuning the fixed installation position of the nanoscale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area has pre-strain and is in a tension state, and simultaneously ensuring that the measuring reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area and the nanoscale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane. The prestrain value is 100
Such pre-strain stretching may reduce the effect of fiber gravity on the measurement of micro-strain.
Step 1.5, setting the maximum strain capacity through a nanoscale measuring device, repeatedly measuring for many times, converting data of the nanoscale measuring device into strain values, and obtaining the strain values with Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and strain calibration coefficients measured by a distributed measuring system; and comparing the two groups of strain values in repeated measurement for multiple times to obtain the maximum strain value of the tested device.
As shown in fig. 7, the minimum strain value measurement includes the following steps:
and 2.1, fixing the sensing optical fiber in the distributed measurement system on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing according to a distributed parameter measurement principle to be used as a measurement reference initial position.
Step 2.2, starting from the initial position of the measurement reference datum, selecting a certain lengthLThe sensing optical fiber is used as a measurement sensitive area, and the other end of the sensing optical fiber with the selected length is fixed on the nanoscale measuring device through a second clamp or glue.
Step 2.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measuring device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting 120% of the maximum stretching amount in the nanoscale measurement control device, and performing 5 stretching cycles on the nanoscale measurement device; by means of the drawing cycle it is ensured that the position of the sensor fiber slipping out in the first clamp or the second clamp occurs in the drawing cycle, and not in subsequent strain calibration measurements.
And 2.4, finely adjusting the fixed installation position of the nanoscale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area has pre-strain and is in a tension state, and simultaneously ensuring that the measuring reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area and the nanoscale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane. The prestrain value is 100
Such pre-strain stretching may reduce the effect of fiber gravity on the measurement of micro-strain.
Step 2.5, setting the minimum strain through the nanoscale measuring device, repeatedly measuring for many times, converting data of the nanoscale measuring device into strain values, and obtaining the strain values with Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and strain calibration coefficients measured by the distributed measuring system; and comparing the two groups of strain values in repeated measurement for many times to obtain the minimum strain value of the tested device.
As shown in fig. 5, the measure length test comprises the following steps:
and 3.1, fixing the sensing optical fiber in the distributed measurement system on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing according to the distributed parameter measurement principle to be used as a measurement reference initial position.
Step 3.2, starting from the initial position of the measurement reference datum, selecting the initial position as the longest length to be tested, and selecting a certain lengthLThe sensing optical fiber of (2) is used as a measurement sensitive area, and the other end of the sensing optical fiber with the selected length is fixed on the nanoscale measuring device through a second clamp or glue.
Step 3.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measuring device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting 120% of the maximum stretching amount in the nanoscale measurement control device, and performing 5 stretching cycles on the nanoscale measurement device; by means of the drawing cycle it is ensured that the position of the sensor fiber slipping out in the first clamp or the second clamp occurs in the drawing cycle, and not in subsequent strain calibration measurements.
And 3.4, finely adjusting the fixed installation position of the nanoscale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber area with the longest measuring distance has pre-strain and is in a tension state, and simultaneously ensuring that the measuring reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area and the nanoscale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane. The prestrain value is 100
Such pre-strain stretching may reduce the effect of fiber gravity on the measurement of micro-strain.
3.5, setting a plurality of groups of stretching amounts through the nanoscale measuring device, repeatedly measuring for many times, converting data of the nanoscale measuring device into strain values, and obtaining the strain values together with Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and strain calibration coefficients measured by the distributed measuring system; and comparing the two groups of strain values in multiple repeated measurements.
And 3.6, repeating the steps 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6 to obtain the test performances of different positions on the sensing optical fiber, wherein the test distances of the sensing optical fiber selected from the initial position of the measurement reference datum are 5%,25%,50% and 75% of the longest test distance of the sensing optical fiber.
As shown in fig. 8, the first spatial resolution test includes the following steps:
and 4.1, fixing the sensing optical fiber in the distributed measurement system on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing according to the distributed parameter measurement principle to be used as a measurement reference initial position.
Step 4.2, starting from the initial position of the measurement reference datum, selecting a sensing optical fiber with the length of z times of the required spatial resolution as a measurement sensitive areaHAnd the other end of the sensing optical fiber with the selected length is fixed on the nanometer-scale measuring device through a second clamp or glue.
Step 4.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measuring device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting 120% of the maximum stretching amount in the nanoscale measurement control device, and performing 5 stretching cycles on the nanoscale measurement device; by means of the drawing cycle it is ensured that the position of the sensor fiber slipping out in the first clamp or the second clamp occurs in the drawing cycle, and not in subsequent strain calibration measurements.
And 4.4, finely adjusting the fixed installation position of the nanoscale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber area with the longest measuring distance has pre-strain and is in a tension state, and simultaneously ensuring that the measuring reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area and the nanoscale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane. The prestrain value is 100
Such pre-strain stretching may reduce the effect of fiber gravity on the measurement of micro-strain.
4.5, setting a plurality of groups of stretching amounts through the nanoscale measuring device, repeatedly measuring for many times, converting data of the nanoscale measuring device into strain values, and obtaining the strain values together with Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and strain calibration coefficients measured by the distributed measuring system; comparing two groups of strain values in repeated measurement; and observing the strain change point positions of the distributed strain curve of the distributed measurement system on the strain curve changing along with the distance, wherein the length of the strain change point positions is equal to the length which is originally set to be several times of the spatial resolution.
As shown in fig. 9, the second spatial resolution test comprises the following steps:
and 5.1, fixing the sensing optical fiber in the distributed measurement system on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing according to a distributed parameter measurement principle to be used as a measurement reference initial position.
Step 5.2, starting from the initial position of the measurement reference datum, selecting the lengthLAnd the sensing optical fiber with the length 1 time of the required spatial resolution z is used as a measurement sensitive area, the other end of the sensing optical fiber with the selected length is fixed on the nanoscale measuring device through a second clamp or glue, the relaxed optical fiber with the length of x and U-shaped is folded back and fixed on the base, and the sensing optical fiber is well fastened with the fixed base and the nanoscale measuring device through the second clamp or glue.
Step 5.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measuring device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting 120% of the maximum stretching amount in the nanoscale measurement control device, and performing 5 stretching cycles on the nanoscale measurement device; by means of the drawing cycle it is ensured that the position of the sensor fiber slipping out in the first clamp or the second clamp occurs in the drawing cycle, and not in subsequent strain calibration measurements.
And 5.4, finely adjusting the fixed installation position of the nanoscale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber area with the longest test distance has pre-strain and is in a tension state, and simultaneously ensuring that the measurement reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measurement sensitive area and the nanoscale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane.
Step 5.5, a plurality of groups of stretching amounts are set through the nanoscale measuring device, repeated measurement is carried out for a plurality of times, data of the nanoscale measuring device are converted into strain values, and the strain values are obtained through Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and strain calibration coefficients measured by the distributed measuring system; comparing two groups of strain values in repeated measurement; observing the distributed strain curve of the distributed measurement system, and distinguishing the strain changes of two points on the strain curve changing along with the distance.
According to the system and the method for detecting the strain sensing performance of the distributed optical fiber, feasibility verification is carried out on the strain sensing performance detection of the Optical Frequency Domain Reflection (OFDR) distributed optical fiber:
this embodiment adopts sensing fiber to be continuous grating fiber, long distance fiber grating is for length to be 200m, comprises 20000 sections, and every section is long 10mm, and wherein grating length is 9mm, central wavelength 1550nm. The OFDR distributed optical fiber strain sensing instrument has a spatial resolution of 20cm and a minimum measurement strain of 5 under the condition of determining measurement parameters
Maximum measured strain magnitude of 25
And the system theoretically has a good linear relation between optical frequency domain movement and measurement strain.
As shown in FIG. 2, one end of the sensing fiber of 100cm is fixed on the fixed base through the clamp, the other end of the sensing fiber of 40cm is adhered to the nanoscale measuring device at a distance of 20cm, and the rest 40cm of optical fiber is fixed on the tension displacement table. Applying one or more than 15 to the tensile displacement stage
For reference, the peak to peak value was 27.5
Sinusoidal strain of (2). 120% of the maximum stretching amount was set in the nanoscale measurement control apparatus, and the nanoscale measurement apparatus was subjected to 5 stretching cycles. The stretching cycle ensures that the slipping position of the sensing optical fiber in the fixing clamp is generated in the stretching cycle, and is not generated in the subsequent strain calibration measurement. And the fixed installation position of the nano-scale measuring device is finely adjusted, so that the selected sensing optical fiber longest test distance area has certain pre-strain and is in a tension state, and meanwhile, the measurement reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measurement sensitive area and the nano-scale measuring device clamping area are ensured to be on the same datum line in the same plane. The prestrain value is 100
Such pre-strain stretching may reduce the effect of fiber gravity on the measurement of micro-strain.
After the overstressing of the nanoscale measuring device, 5 is applied
To 25
Interval is increased by 5
And a plurality of measurements were made, and the obtained strain measurement results are shown in fig. 3. From fig. 3 it can be seen that the maximum strain measurement 25
And minimum measured strain 5
Is successfully verified and identified. Four sensing points are arranged at two strain positions, two sensing points are arranged at two strain interval positions, and the two sensing points respectively correspond to two strain stretching areas of 40cm and two strain stretching intervals of 20 cm. A spatial resolution of 10cm was verified. Because the strain test is carried out on two different positions of the sensing optical fiber and the sensing performance is excellent, the length test is also successfully completed.
To verify the linear relationship of the system measurements, the system was first calibrated. The relationship is shown in FIG. 4: it can be seen that, through fitting, the linearity degree of the system is high, the R value reaches 0.9918, and the relationship between the optical frequency domain movement and the stress also has a fixed coefficient.
In summary, the present invention provides a distributed optical fiber strain sensing performance detection method, which includes maximum strain value measurement, minimum strain value measurement, measurement length test and spatial resolution test. And the feasibility of the methods and systems was successfully verified using the examples.
It should be emphasized that the embodiments described herein are illustrative rather than restrictive, and thus the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the detailed description, but also includes other embodiments that can be derived from the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A detection method of a distributed optical fiber strain sensing performance detection system is characterized in that: the system comprises a fixed base, a nanoscale measuring device, an optical shock insulation platform, a first clamp, a second clamp, a first HDsub-D line, a second HDsub-D line, a nanoscale measuring control device and a data processing and analyzing unit, wherein the fixed base is arranged above the optical shock insulation platform, the nanoscale measuring device is placed above the optical shock insulation platform, the fixed base and the nanoscale measuring device are coaxially arranged at intervals, and the interval area is used as a measuring sensitive area; the top of the fixed base is provided with a first clamp used for fixing one end of the sensing optical fiber to be detected; the second clamp is arranged at the top of the nanoscale measuring device and used for fixing the other end of the sensing optical fiber to be measured and controlling the strain applied to the sensing optical fiber to be measured; the nanoscale measurement device is connected with the nanoscale measurement control device through a first HDsub-D line and a second HDsub-D line and is used for transmitting information of a motor and a displacement sensor in the nanoscale measurement device and receiving an instruction of the nanoscale measurement control device to perform closed-loop feedback control; the nanoscale measurement control device is connected with the data processing and analyzing unit through a USB or RS-232, and the data processing and analyzing unit is used for reading and controlling data;
the detection method comprises a maximum strain value measurement method, a minimum strain value measurement method, a measurement length test method, a first spatial resolution test method and a second spatial resolution test method;
the maximum strain value measurement comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, according to a distributed parameter measurement principle, fixing a sensing optical fiber in a distributed measurement system on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing to serve as a measurement reference initial position;
and (1).2. Selecting a certain length from the initial position of the measurement reference datumLThe sensing optical fiber is used as a measurement sensitive area, and the other end of the sensing optical fiber is fixed on the nano-scale measurement control device through a second clamp or glue;
step 1.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measurement control device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting 120% of the maximum stretching amount in the nanoscale measurement control device, and performing 5 stretching cycles on the nanoscale measurement device; ensuring that the slipping position of the sensing optical fiber in the first clamp and the second clamp appears in the stretching cycle through the stretching cycle;
step 1.4, fine-tuning the fixed installation position of the nanoscale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area has pre-strain and is in a tensioning state, and simultaneously ensuring that a measuring reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area and the nanoscale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane;
step 1.5, setting the maximum strain capacity through a nanoscale measuring device, carrying out repeated measurement for many times, converting data of the nanoscale measuring device into strain values, and obtaining the strain values through Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and strain calibration coefficients measured by a distributed measuring system; and comparing the two groups of strain values in repeated measurement for many times to obtain the maximum strain value of the instrument to be detected.
2. The detection method of the distributed optical fiber strain sensing performance detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the minimum strain value measurement comprises the steps of:
2.1, fixing a sensing optical fiber in the distributed measurement system on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing according to a distributed parameter measurement principle to be used as a measurement reference initial position;
step 2.2, starting from the initial position of the measurement reference datum, selecting a certain lengthLThe sensing optical fiber is used as a measurement sensitive area, and the other end of the sensing optical fiber with the selected length is fixed on the nano-scale measuring device through a second clamp or glue;
step 2.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measuring device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting 120% of the maximum stretching amount in the nanoscale measurement control device, and performing 5 stretching cycles on the nanoscale measurement device; ensuring that the slipping position of the sensing optical fiber in the first clamp or the second clamp occurs in the stretching cycle through the stretching cycle;
step 2.4, fine-tuning the fixed installation position of the nanoscale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area has pre-strain and is in a tensioning state, and simultaneously ensuring that the measuring reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measuring sensitive area and the nanoscale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane;
step 2.5, setting the minimum dependent variable through the nanoscale measuring device, repeatedly measuring for many times, converting data of the nanoscale measuring device into a dependent variable, and obtaining the dependent variable through Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and a dependent variable calibration coefficient measured by the distributed measuring system; and comparing the two groups of strain values in repeated measurement for many times to obtain the minimum strain value of the instrument to be detected.
3. The detection method of the distributed optical fiber strain sensing performance detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the measurement length test comprises the following steps:
3.1, fixing a sensing optical fiber in the distributed measurement system on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing according to a distributed parameter measurement principle to be used as a measurement reference initial position;
step 3.2, starting from the initial position of the measurement reference datum, selecting a certain lengthLThe sensing optical fiber is used as a measurement sensitive area, and the other end of the sensing optical fiber with the selected length is fixed on the nano-scale measuring device through a second clamp or glue;
step 3.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measuring device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting 120% of the maximum stretching amount in the nanoscale measurement control device, and performing 5 stretching cycles on the nanoscale measurement device; by pullingThe stretching cycle ensures that the slipping position of the sensing optical fiber in the first clamp or the second clamp occurs in the stretching cycle;
3.4, finely adjusting the fixed installation position of the nanoscale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber area with the longest testing distance has prestrain and is in a tensioning state, and simultaneously ensuring that the measurement reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measurement sensitive area and the nanoscale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane;
3.5, setting a plurality of groups of stretching quantities through the nanoscale measuring device, repeatedly measuring for many times, converting data of the nanoscale measuring device into strain values, and obtaining the strain values through Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and strain calibration coefficients measured by the distributed measuring system; comparing two groups of strain values in repeated measurement;
and 3.6, repeating the steps 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6 to obtain the test performances of different positions on the sensing optical fiber, wherein the test distances of the sensing optical fiber selected from the initial position of the measurement reference datum are 5%,25%,50% and 75% of the longest test distance of the sensing optical fiber.
4. The detection method of the distributed optical fiber strain sensing performance detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the first spatial resolution test comprises the steps of:
step 4.1, according to the distributed parameter measurement principle, fixing a sensing optical fiber in the distributed measurement system on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing to serve as a measurement reference initial position;
step 4.2, starting from the initial position of the measurement reference datum, selecting a sensing optical fiber with the length being the multiple of z of the required spatial resolution as a measurement sensitive areaHAnd the other end of the sensing optical fiber with the selected length is fixed on the nano-scale measuring device through a second clamp or glue;
step 4.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measuring device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting 120% of the maximum stretching amount in the nanoscale measurement control device, and performing 5 stretching cycles on the nanoscale measurement device; by a drawing cycleEnsuring that the slipping position of the sensing optical fiber in the first clamp or the second clamp occurs in a stretching cycle;
step 4.4, fine-tuning the fixed installation position of the nano-scale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber area with the longest testing distance has pre-strain and is in a tensioning state, and simultaneously ensuring that the measurement reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measurement sensitive area and the nano-scale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane;
4.5, setting a plurality of groups of stretching amounts through the nanoscale measuring device, repeatedly measuring for many times, converting data of the nanoscale measuring device into strain values, and obtaining the strain values through Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and strain calibration coefficients measured by the distributed measuring system; comparing two groups of strain values in repeated measurement; and observing the strain change point positions of the distributed strain curve of the distributed measurement system on the strain curve changing along with the distance, wherein the length of the strain change point positions is equal to the length which is originally set to be several times of the spatial resolution.
5. The detection method of the distributed optical fiber strain sensing performance detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the second spatial resolution test comprises the steps of:
step 5.1, according to the distributed parameter measurement principle, fixing a sensing optical fiber in the distributed measurement system on a fixed base through a first clamp or gluing to serve as a measurement reference initial position;
step 5.2, starting from the initial position of the measurement reference datum, selecting the lengthLThe sensing optical fiber with the length 1 time of the required spatial resolution z is used as a measurement sensitive area, the other end of the sensing optical fiber with the selected length is fixed on the nanoscale measuring device through a second clamp or glue, the length of the relaxed optical fiber is x, then the sensing optical fiber is folded back in a U shape and fixed on the base, and the sensing optical fiber is well fastened with the fixed base and the nanoscale measuring device through the second clamp or glue;
step 5.3, obtaining the maximum stretching amount of the nanoscale measuring device according to the maximum strain measurement requirementL max Setting the maximum stretching amount in the nanometer-level measuring and controlling device120% of the total amount of the solution, 5 cycles of stretching are performed on the nanoscale measurement device; ensuring that the slipping position of the sensing optical fiber in the first clamp or the second clamp occurs in the stretching cycle through the stretching cycle;
step 5.4, fine-tuning the fixed installation position of the nano-scale measuring device, ensuring that the selected sensing optical fiber area with the longest testing distance has pre-strain and is in a tensioning state, and simultaneously ensuring that the measurement reference initial position clamping area, the sensing optical fiber measurement sensitive area and the nano-scale measuring device clamping area are on the same datum line in the same plane;
step 5.5, setting a plurality of groups of stretching amounts through the nanoscale measuring device, repeatedly measuring for many times, converting data of the nanoscale measuring device into strain values, and obtaining the strain values through Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift data and strain calibration coefficients measured by the distributed measuring system; comparing two groups of strain values in repeated measurement; observing the distributed strain curve of the distributed measurement system, and distinguishing the strain changes of two points on the strain curve changing along with the distance.
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