CN115059952A - Ice source heat pump system and device utilizing phase change density difference for heat exchange - Google Patents
Ice source heat pump system and device utilizing phase change density difference for heat exchange Download PDFInfo
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- CN115059952A CN115059952A CN202210586222.0A CN202210586222A CN115059952A CN 115059952 A CN115059952 A CN 115059952A CN 202210586222 A CN202210586222 A CN 202210586222A CN 115059952 A CN115059952 A CN 115059952A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
- F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/12—Heat pump
- F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/04—Sensors
- F24D2220/042—Temperature sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/04—Sensors
- F24D2220/048—Level sensors, e.g. water level sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ice source heat pump system and device for heat exchange by utilizing phase change density difference. The phase-change density difference heat exchange unit comprises a heat exchange water tank provided with a plurality of liquid level sensors and temperature sensors, a plurality of composite phase-change working media are arranged inside the heat exchange water tank, the upper portion of the heat exchange water tank is connected with an ice source heat pump unit through a pipeline, the ice source heat pump unit is connected with a control and transportation unit, the control and transportation unit drives the composite phase-change working media to enter the heat exchange water tank, a heat power network water return unit is provided with a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet to form a loop with the heat exchange water tank, and the problem that the performance of the heat pump unit is reduced when the heat pump unit operates in a working environment lower than the freezing point of the working media is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ice source heat pump system and device for exchanging heat by utilizing phase change density difference, and belongs to the technical field of heat pump systems.
Background
The heat pump unit is used as a mature technology and is widely applied to an air conditioning system, the existing heat pump unit generally utilizes a gas-liquid phase change process, the heat collection coefficient is more than 0.9, the water supply temperature of a heat supply system is 110-120 ℃, and the water return temperature is 60-70 ℃; the optimal water supply temperature is increased from 120 ℃ to 150 ℃ along with the reduction of the thermalization coefficient; when the high-pressure and low-pressure steam extraction units are adopted to heat the water of the heating power network in two stages, the water supply temperature of the heating power network is the best 150 ℃. The high return water temperature causes heat waste, and the temperature difference of the supply water and the return water is enlarged to improve the utilization rate of heat resources.
However, when the conventional heat pump unit is operated in a working environment below the freezing point of the working medium, the performance of the conventional heat pump unit can be seriously reduced or even damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides an ice source heat pump system and device for heat exchange by utilizing phase change density difference, and solves the problem of performance reduction when a heat pump unit operates in a working environment lower than the freezing point of a working medium.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an ice source heat pump system utilizing phase change density difference for heat exchange, which comprises a heating power network backwater unit, a phase change density difference heat exchange unit, an ice source heat pump unit and a control and transportation unit.
The phase change density difference heat exchange unit comprises a heat exchange water tank 6 provided with a plurality of liquid level sensors and temperature sensors, a plurality of composite phase change working media 1006 are arranged in the heat exchange water tank 6, the upper part of the heat exchange water tank is connected with the inlet end of a pipeline 9, and a thrust device 7 parallel to the inlet end of the pipeline 9 is further arranged in the heat exchange water tank 6;
the heat power network backwater unit is provided with a loop consisting of a heat source inlet, a heat source outlet and a heat exchange water tank 6;
the ice source heat pump unit is provided with a phase change heat exchanger, the outlet end of the pipeline 9 is connected with the phase change heat exchanger, a coil pipe is arranged in the phase change heat exchanger, and the outlet of the phase change heat exchanger is provided with a slide rail 11 and is connected with the control and transportation unit;
the control and transportation unit is provided with a reciprocating transportation device 13 which is elastically connected at the outlet of the phase change heat exchanger, and a runner groove matched with the volume of the composite phase change working medium 1006 is arranged in the direction of one end of the reciprocating transportation device 13 away from the slide rail 11 to drive the composite phase change working medium 1006 to enter the heat exchange water tank 6; the control and transportation unit is also provided with a control area 16 for controlling the start and stop of each part of the system by monitoring the changes of a liquid level sensor and a temperature sensor in the ice source heat pump system.
Further, the ice source heat pump system further comprises an ice source heat pump heat supplementing unit connected with the heat exchange water tank 6 and used for assisting the heat exchange water tank to supplement heat, and the ice source heat pump heat supplementing unit extracts solidification heat by using tap water or a natural water source.
Further, the composite phase change working medium 1006 comprises a foamed metal support material 3 with a cavity, and a phase change heat storage body which has a low melting point, is melted into a liquid state after absorbing heat and has a density lower than that of water is arranged in the cavity. The composite phase change working medium 1006 is sent to the bottom of the heat exchange water tank 6 by the control and transport unit to exchange heat with hot water, the integral density of the composite phase change working medium 1006 gradually decreases along with the increase of internal energy until the density is lower than that of water and then floats to the liquid level of the heat exchange water tank 6, buoyancy generated by density difference acts, and traditional pumping work is not needed.
Furthermore, the freezing point of the low-density phase change material is higher than the temperature of liquid in the phase change heat exchanger, and the low-density phase change material 4 is paraffin or alkane with the melting point lower than the average water temperature of the heat exchange water tank 6 by at least 10 ℃.
Furthermore, the heating power network backwater unit is provided with a primary side backwater and a secondary side backwater, and is connected with one group or respectively connected with two groups of phase change density difference heat exchange units.
Further, a liquid baffle plate 8 is arranged at the joint of the heat exchange water tank 6 and the pipeline 9, the control area 16 is connected with the liquid baffle plate 8, and the included angle between the liquid baffle plate 8 and the liquid level is not less than 165 degrees.
Furthermore, a baffle 5 is arranged at the joint of the runner groove and the heat exchange water tank 6, and the control area 16 is connected with the baffle 5 to control the entering amount of the composite phase change working medium 1006.
Further, the reciprocating transport device 13 is connected to the outlet of the phase change heat exchanger through an elastic material, a chute 14 is arranged above the reciprocating transport device, and the chute 14 is connected to the slide rail 11. The composite phase change working medium 1006 slides into the chute under the action of gravity on the slide rail 11, and enters the control and transportation unit through the reciprocating transportation device 13 below the chute 14.
Further, air pressure is arranged in the control and transportation unit, the liquid level in the phase change heat exchanger is lower than the bottom of the heat exchange water tank 6, and liquid is prevented from communicating among the units.
The invention also provides an ice source heat pump device for exchanging heat by utilizing the phase change density difference, which comprises any one of the ice source heat pump devices for exchanging heat by utilizing the phase change density difference.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the ice source heat pump system utilizing the phase change density difference for heat exchange is provided with the heat distribution network backwater unit, and the basic mode or the optimal mode is determined according to the temperature of the primary side secondary side backwater and the melting point of the low-density phase change material, so that the defects that the temperature difference of the conventional heat distribution network backwater is small, and the heat cannot be effectively utilized are overcome;
the composite phase-change working medium replaces the traditional fluid working medium to circulate, and the whole circulation process of the composite phase-change working medium only depends on gravity, buoyancy and partial thrust for overcoming the gravity to do work without additional pumping work;
the composite phase change working medium has different densities in different phase states, utilizes the excellent heat conducting property of foam metal and the high phase change latent heat of paraffin, adopts a solid-liquid phase change process, has large liquid-solid phase change latent heat, has a melting point suitable for the return water temperature of a heating power network, has stable heating performance, and solves the problem that the conventional heat pump unit evaporator is frosted or even damaged under the low-temperature working condition; meanwhile, the solidification heat of the composite phase change working medium and the water close to the freezing point is utilized, high-energy-consumption electric heating is not needed, the stable operation can be realized in a subzero working environment, and the application range is wide;
according to the ice source heat pump device utilizing the phase change density difference for heat exchange, the composite phase change working medium is insoluble in water, and the backwater quality of a backwater unit of a heating power network is not influenced;
the ice source heat pump heat supplementing unit extracts the solidification heat by using tap water or a natural water source, does not add any substance, can be directly discharged into rivers, lakes and seas after the solidification heat is extracted, and does not generate pollutants in the whole process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ice source heat pump system using phase change density difference heat exchange according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite phase change working medium provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a basic mode of a return water unit of a thermal power grid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an optimal mode of a return water unit of a thermal power grid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase change density difference heat exchange unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an ice source heat pump unit provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a control and transport unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an ice source heat pump heat supplementing unit provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of an ice source heat pump system using phase change density difference heat exchange according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-shell, 2-motor, 201-frequency converter, 202-speed reducer, 3-foam metal supporting material, 4-low density phase change material, 5-baffle, 6-heat exchange water tank, 7-thrust device, 8-liquid baffle, 9-pipeline, 10-immersion type phase change heat exchanger, 1005-serpentine coil, 1006-composite phase change working medium, 11-slide rail, 12-spring, 13-reciprocating transportation device, 14-slide groove, 15-GKY liquid level sensor, 1501-upper limit sensor, 1502-lower limit sensor, 16-control area, 17-filter, 18-condenser, 19-electronic expansion valve, 20-compressor, 21-direct evaporation type plate heat exchanger, 2101-subcooler, 2102-ultrasonic supercooling release device, 22-solid-liquid separation device, 23-antifouling block valve, 24-damping throat, 25-first water supplementing pump, 26-first circulating water pump, 27-second circulating water pump, 28-second water supplementing pump, 29-third water supplementing pump, 3001-first electronic temperature sensor, 3002-second electronic temperature sensor, 3003-third electronic temperature sensor, 3004-fourth electronic temperature sensor, 3005-fifth electronic temperature sensor, 31-angle valve, 3101-first valve, 3102-second valve, 3103-third valve, 3104-fourth valve, 3105-fifth valve, 3106-sixth valve, 3107-seventh valve, 3108-eighth valve and 3109-ninth valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the composite phase change working medium provided in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the low-density phase change material 4 is used as an inner core of the composite phase change working medium 1006, and the foam metal supporting material 3 completely wraps the low-density phase change material 4 to form a stable and easily movable sphere, so as to enhance the heat conductivity and density thereof. Meanwhile, the groove of the rotating wheel driven by the motor conforms to the volume size of the composite phase change working medium 1006.
The paraffin is a mixture of solid higher alkanes, and has a main component of formula C n H 2n+2 Wherein n =17 ~ 35. The main components are straight-chain alkane, and a small amount of alkane with individual branched chains and monocyclic cycloalkane with long side chains; paraffin wax is less chemically active, neutral, chemically stable, does not react with acids (other than nitric acid) and alkaline solutions under normal conditions, but has poor thermal conductivity.
The low-density phase-change material 4 can be selected from paraffin, any alkane with the melting point lower than that of a heat source by at least 10 ℃ heat exchange temperature difference or other phase-change heat storage bodies which are insoluble in water and have the density lower than that of water.
In the embodiment, the low-density phase-change material 4 is eicosane in paraffin with a melting point of 36.6 ℃ and a solid relative density of 788.6 kg/m at 25 DEG C 3 At 70 ℃, the liquid state has a relative density of 755 kg/m 3 A thermal conductivity of 15.1W/m.K, andthe composite heat exchanger has strong hydrophobicity, and can simultaneously utilize primary side return water and secondary side return water by adopting two sets of heat exchange water tanks because the melting point of the eicosane is lower than the secondary side return water temperature and at least has 10 ℃ heat exchange temperature difference.
The foam metal is a novel multifunctional material with a large number of communicated or non-communicated holes uniformly distributed in a metal matrix, and the foam metal supporting material 3 selects metal with good heat conductivity and high density, such as foam copper or foam nickel and the like. The densities of copper and nickel were 8978, 8902 kg/m, respectively 3 The thermal conductivity coefficients are 350 and 93.04W/m.K respectively. In the embodiment, the foam metal supporting material 3 is foam copper with the porosity of 95-98 percent and the density of 8978 kg/m 3 The thermal conductivity coefficient is 350W/m.K, the defect of poor thermal conductivity of the eicosane is overcome, a large number of communicated or non-communicated holes are uniformly distributed in the copper matrix to accommodate the phase change inner core eicosane, the eicosane is supported to wrap the eicosane when the eicosane is molten and has the function of adjusting the density, so that the density of the composite phase change working medium 1006 is smaller than that of water floating when the eicosane is molten, and the density of the composite phase change working medium 1006 is larger than that of water sinking when the eicosane is solidified.
Two inequalities can be obtained through the known density calculation of materials, and the requirement interval is met by taking eicosane x g and foamy copper y g as follows:
the preferred weight ratio of the eicosane to the copper foam is 3: and 1, obtaining values in the interval through checking calculation to meet the density requirement.
Further, in the present embodiment, the metal foam used for the metal foam support material 3 is subjected to a pretreatment for exhausting air.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3 to 8, an ice source heat pump system using phase change density difference for heat exchange according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a heat power network water return unit, a phase change density difference heat exchange unit, an ice source heat pump unit, a control and transportation unit, and an ice source heat pump heat compensation unit.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, which are a basic mode flowchart and an optimal mode flowchart of a thermal power grid water return unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the thermal power grid water return unit has two modes: the basic mode and the optimal mode determine the use mode according to the return water temperature of the primary side/the secondary side and the melting point of the low-density phase-change material, the basic mode starts a group of phase-change density difference heat exchange units, only the return water of the primary side is utilized, the optimal mode starts two groups of phase-change density difference heat exchange units, and the return water of the primary side and the return water of the secondary side are utilized, so that the defects that the return water supply temperature difference of a conventional heating pipe network is small, and the heat cannot be effectively utilized can be overcome.
The heating power network backwater unit includes an urban heating network (thermal power plant, heat exchange station, user side), a filter 17, a first valve 3101, a second valve 3102, a third valve 3103, and a fourth valve 3104. A backwater outlet and a user side backwater outlet of a heat exchange station of the urban heat supply network are respectively connected with a heat source inlet of the phase change density difference heat exchange unit through a second valve 3102 and a first valve 3101; a return water inlet of a thermal power plant and a return water inlet of a heat exchange station of the urban heat supply network are respectively connected with an outlet of the filter 17 through a third valve 3103 and a fourth valve 3104; an inlet of the filter 17 is connected with a heat source outlet of the phase change density difference heat exchange unit; and a third electronic temperature sensor 3003, a fourth electronic temperature sensor 3004 and a fifth electronic temperature sensor 3005 are respectively arranged at the return water outlet of the heat exchange station, the return water outlet of the user side and the heat source inlet.
The heat power network backwater unit supplies primary side backwater and secondary side backwater as heat sources to the phase change density difference heat exchange unit, the mode of the heat power network backwater unit is selected according to the melting point of the composite phase change working medium 1006 and the temperature of the primary side/secondary side backwater, when the temperature of the secondary side backwater is higher than the melting point of the composite phase change working medium 1006 and has at least 10 ℃ of heat exchange temperature difference, the heat power network backwater unit adopts the best mode, as shown in fig. 4, a first valve 3101, a second valve 3102, a third valve 3103 and a fourth valve 3104 are opened, and the primary side backwater and the secondary side backwater are used as heat sources. Under the optimal mode of the heating power network backwater unit, backwater at the user side and backwater at the heat exchange station respectively enter a heat source inlet of the phase change density difference heat exchange unit through a first valve 3101 and a second valve 3102, backwater enters a filter 17 from a heat source outlet of the phase change density difference heat exchange unit after heat exchange is finished, and backwater after impurities are removed respectively returns to the urban heating network through a fourth valve 3104 and a third valve 3103.
In other cases, the heating power grid water return unit adopts a basic mode, as shown in fig. 3, in which the first valve 3101 and the fourth valve 3104 are opened, the second valve 3102 and the third valve 3103 are closed, and primary-side return water is used as a heat source.
In specific implementation, according to the regulation of chapter 4.2.2 of the design code of urban heating power network, the temperature of primary side supply return water is taken as 130 ℃/70 ℃, and according to the regulation of chapter 5.3.1 of the design code of civil building heating, ventilation and air conditioning, the temperature of secondary side supply return water is taken as 75 ℃/50 ℃.
A group of phase change density difference heat exchange units is started, only the primary side backwater meets the water temperature requirement, namely, the water temperature and the melting point of the working medium have 10 ℃ heat exchange temperature difference, and the secondary side backwater does not meet the requirement. The starting of two groups of phase change density difference heat exchange units is a more optimized optimal mode, primary side return water and secondary side return water respectively enter two different heat exchange water tanks to participate in heat exchange, the primary side return water and the secondary side return water are not influenced mutually, the anti-interference capability is strong, the heat exchange capability is strong, and the whole system can normally run as long as one of the primary side return water and the secondary side return water meets the water temperature requirement (the water temperature and the working medium melting point have a 10 ℃ heat exchange temperature difference).
As shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic structural diagram of a phase change density difference heat exchange unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the phase change density difference heat exchange unit includes a baffle 5, a heat exchange water tank 6, a thrust device 7, a liquid baffle 8, a liquid level sensor GKY 15, a second water replenishing pump 28, and a seventh valve 3107. The heat exchange water tank 6 is provided with three inlets: a heat source inlet, a composite phase change working medium inlet and a water replenishing port. The heat exchange water tank 6 is provided with two outlets: a heat source outlet and a composite phase change working medium outlet.
The top of the heat exchange water tank 6 is provided with a heat source inlet which is connected with a city heat supply network water return port of a heat supply network water return unit, a heat source outlet at the lower left is connected with a filter 17 inlet of the heat supply network water return unit, a composite phase change working medium inlet at the lower right is provided with a baffle 5, an outlet of the connection control and transportation unit is provided with a liquid baffle 8, the composite phase change working medium outlet at the upper left is connected with an ice source heat pump unit inlet through a pipeline 9, and a water replenishing port at the bottom is connected with a second water replenishing pump 28 through a seventh valve 3107. The liquid level and the bottom in the heat exchange water tank 6 are respectively provided with a second electronic temperature sensor 3002 and a first electronic temperature sensor 3001. GKY the liquid level sensor 15 and the right side of the heat exchange water tank 6 are connected with the heat exchange water tank 6 through two groups of angle valves 31, namely a fifth valve 3105 and a sixth valve 3106, the GKY liquid level sensor 15 is provided with an upper limit sensor 1501 and a lower limit sensor 1502, and when the GKY liquid level sensor 15 detects that the liquid level in the heat exchange water tank 6 is too low, the seventh valve 3107 and the second water replenishing pump 28 are opened to replenish liquid.
The heat source provided by the heat power network backwater unit enters the phase change density difference heat exchange unit from the heat source inlet, the heat is directly transferred to the composite phase change working medium 1006 at the bottom of the heat exchange water tank 6, the inner core is melted into liquid state density after the composite phase change working medium 1006 absorbs heat, the composite phase change working medium 1006 floats upwards to the liquid level of the heat exchange water tank 6 under the action of buoyancy, the thrust device 7 provides leftward thrust for the composite phase change working medium 1006, the composite phase change working medium 1006 passes through the liquid baffle plate 8 under the action of inertia to enter a pipeline, slides into the ice source heat pump unit under the action of gravity, and no additional work is needed.
In the embodiment, the liquid baffle plate 8 is preferably positioned at the composite phase change working medium outlet of the heat exchange water tank 6 and forms an included angle of 165 degrees with the liquid level, and the liquid baffle plate 8 prevents the backwater of the heating power network from entering the ice source heat pump unit of the paraffin working medium, so that the backwater loss is avoided.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an ice source heat pump unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the ice source heat pump unit includes an immersion type phase change heat exchanger 10, a serpentine coil 1005, a slide rail 11, an eighth valve 3108, and a third water replenishing pump 29. The submerged phase change heat exchanger 10 is provided with three inlets: ice source heat pump unit entry, load side return water mouth, moisturizing mouth to and two exports: an outlet of the ice source heat pump unit and a water supply port on the load side.
The composite phase change working medium outlet of the heat exchange unit with the phase change density difference is connected with the inlet of the ice source heat pump at the upper left of the immersive phase change heat exchanger 10 through a pipeline 9, the outlet of the ice source heat pump unit at the lower right is provided with a slide rail 11 connection control and transportation unit inlet, the water replenishing port at the bottom is connected with a third water replenishing pump 29 through an eighth valve 3108, a snake-shaped coil 1005 is coiled in the immersive phase change heat exchanger 10, one end of the snake-shaped coil is connected with the water returning port at the upper right load side, the other end of the snake-shaped coil is connected with the water supplying port at the lower left load side, and the load side can be ground heating, domestic hot water, heat storage of an energy vehicle and the like. When the water in the submerged phase change heat exchanger 10 cannot completely submerge the serpentine coil 1005, the eighth valve 3108 and the third make-up water pump 29 are opened to make up the fluid.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a control and transport unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the control and transport unit includes: the device comprises a shell 1, a motor 2, a reciprocating conveying device 13, a chute 14 and a control area 16. The inlet of the control and transportation unit is provided with a reciprocating transportation device 13 and a chute 14 which are connected with the outlet of the ice source heat pump unit, and the reciprocating transportation device 13 positioned below the chute 14 moves in the horizontal direction by virtue of a spring 12. The motor 2 is provided with a frequency converter 201 and a speed reducer 202 therein, and is wrapped in a casing 1 with a protective function.
In this embodiment, the sliding rail 11 is preferably connected to the sliding groove 14 at an angle of 165 °.
The control area 16 is connected with other units and sensor circuits, monitors sensor parameters and controls the start and stop of each part of the system. When the temperature difference monitored by the first electronic temperature sensor 3001 and the second electronic temperature sensor 3002 of the phase change density difference heat exchange unit is too large, the control area 16 automatically starts the ice source heat pump heat supplementing unit, commands the phase change density difference heat exchange unit to lift the baffle 5 arranged at the outlet of the control and transportation unit, and blocks the input of the composite phase change working medium 1006.
Fig. 9 is a flowchart of an ice source heat pump system using phase change density difference for heat exchange according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the phase change density difference heat exchange unit, the ice source heat pump unit, and the control and transportation unit participate in the circulation process of the composite phase change working medium 1006 together as follows:
the composite phase change working medium 1006 enters the bottom of the heat exchange water tank 6 from a composite phase change working medium inlet at the right lower part of the heat exchange water tank 6 of the phase change density difference heat exchange unit, at the moment, the low-density phase change material 4 in the composite phase change working medium 1006 is in a solid state because the temperature is lower than the melting point, the composite phase change working medium 1006 formed by compounding with the external foam metal support material 3 has the integral density larger than that of water, and the buoyancy is smaller than the gravity and sinks at the bottom of the heat exchange water tank 6 to absorb the heat of the water;
when the temperature of the composite phase change working medium 1006 exceeds the melting point of the internal low-density phase change material 4, the internal low-density phase change material 4 absorbs heat and melts, the overall density is gradually reduced, and the buoyancy is greater than the gravity and floats to the liquid level of the heat exchange water tank 6;
the composite phase change working medium 1006 floating on the liquid surface is pushed into a composite phase change working medium outlet on the upper left of the heat exchange water tank by the pushing device 7 and enters the immersion type phase change heat exchanger 10 from the upper left inlet of the ice source heat pump unit through a pipeline 9; the temperature of the water in the immersion type phase-change heat exchanger 10 is low, and the heat of the composite phase-change working medium 1006 is absorbed to supply heat to the load side;
when the temperature of the composite phase change working medium 1006 is lower than the melting point of the internal low-density phase change material 4, the internal low-density phase change material 4 releases heat and solidifies, the overall density is increased, the buoyancy is smaller than the gravity to sink, the composite phase change working medium 1006 slides into a chute 14 of an outlet of the ice source heat pump unit through a slide rail 11 with an inclination at the bottom under the action of the gravity, and enters an inlet of the control and transportation unit under the pushing of a reciprocating transportation device 13;
after entering the control and transportation unit, the motor 2 rotates anticlockwise to send the composite phase change working medium 1006 from the outlet of the control and transportation unit to the lower right of the heat exchange water tank 6 to complete circulation.
As shown in fig. 8, for a schematic structural diagram of an ice source heat pump heat supplementing unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the ice source heat pump heat supplementing unit includes: the system comprises a condenser 18, an electronic expansion valve 19, a compressor 20, a direct evaporation type plate heat exchanger 21, a subcooler 2101, an ultrasonic subcooling release device 2102, a solid-liquid separation device 22, a first water replenishing pump 25, a first circulating water pump 26 and a second circulating water pump 27.
The ice source heat pump heat supplementing unit can be divided into three cycles from left to right according to different flowing working media, wherein the three cycles are respectively water cycle, refrigerant cycle and heat exchange water tank cycle; the water cycle transfers heat to the refrigerant cycle through the direct evaporative plate heat exchanger 21 and the water cycle transfers heat to the heat exchange tank cycle 6 through the condenser 18.
The water circulation consists of a direct evaporation type plate heat exchanger 21, a solid-liquid separation device 22 and a first circulating water pump 26 which are connected end to end, the refrigerant circulation consists of an end-to-end condenser 18, an electronic expansion valve 19, a compressor 20 and the direct evaporation type plate heat exchanger 21, and the heat exchange water tank circulation consists of an end-to-end condenser 18, a heat exchange water tank 6 and a second circulating water pump 27.
It is practicable that a damping throat 24 is provided at an inlet of the first water replenishing pump 25 to compensate for thermal expansion and contraction caused by temperature change, and an antifouling block valve 23 is provided between the first water replenishing pump 25 and the damping throat 24.
Tap water or water in rivers, lakes and seas sequentially passes through the damping throat 24, the ninth valve 3109, the antifouling block valve 23, the first water replenishing pump 25 and the solid-liquid separation device 22 to enter water circulation.
When the ice source heat pump heat compensation unit is started, tap water or water in rivers, lakes and seas sequentially passes through the opened damping throat 24, the ninth valve 3109, the antifouling block valve 23 and the first water compensation pump 25 to provide power to enter the solid-liquid separation device 22, then the first circulating water pump 26 provides power, the water enters the subcooler 2101 in the left inner part of the direct evaporation type plate heat exchanger 21, the water is cooled to be below the solidification temperature of corresponding pressure to form subcooled water, the subcooled water is condensed by the subcooling relief device 2102 to release solidification heat, an ice-water mixture is formed to enter the solid-liquid separation device 22, solid phase is discharged into a reservoir or rivers, lakes and seas to complete water circulation, and latent heat of the tap water or the rivers, lakes and seas is extracted and transferred to refrigerant circulation by the circulation. The solid phase of the ice-water mixture at 0 ℃ does not pollute the environment, so the solid phase can be directly discharged into a water storage tank or rivers, lakes and seas, and the liquid phase with the extracted solidification heat loss is supplied by tap water or rivers, lakes and seas through the damping throat 24, the antifouling isolating valve 23 and the first water replenishing pump 25.
The refrigerant is evaporated by the electronic expansion valve 19 under the action of isenthalpic throttling, enters the right side of the absorption direct evaporation type plate heat exchanger 21 to absorb the solidification heat of water on the left side, is pressurized by the compressor 20 after being evaporated and absorbed heat, enters the left side of the condenser 18 to release heat, finally enters the electronic expansion valve 19 to complete the refrigerant circulation, and the solidification heat of the water circulation is transferred to the heat exchange water tank for circulation. The water in the heat exchange water tank 6 is powered by the second circulating water pump 27 to enter the right side of the condenser 18, and absorbs the heat released from the left side.
The ice source heat pump system for exchanging heat by utilizing the phase change density difference is provided with the heat distribution network backwater unit, so that the temperature difference of the water supply and the backwater of the pipe network is enlarged, and the heat utilization rate of the heat distribution network is improved; the composite phase change working medium is an excellent energy storage medium, a solid-liquid phase change process is adopted, the liquid-solid phase change latent heat is large, the melting point is suitable for the return water temperature of a heating power network, the heating performance is stable, and the damage of frosting and even damage of the conventional heat pump unit evaporator under the low-temperature working condition is solved; meanwhile, the solidification heat of the composite phase-change working medium and the water close to the freezing point is utilized, high-energy-consumption electric heating is not needed, the device can stably operate in a subzero working environment, and the application range is wide.
The ice source heat pump device for heat exchange by utilizing the phase change density difference has no pollutant generated in the whole process, the composite phase change working medium is insoluble in water, the heat source outlet is arranged at the bottom of the heat exchange water tank, any phase state density of the low-density phase change material is smaller than that of water floating on the water surface, the primary side and secondary side backwater quality cannot be influenced from the bottom outlet even if the low-density phase change material leaks, the ice source heat supplementing unit utilizes tap water or rivers, lakes and seas near the freezing point, is not added with any substance, and can be directly discharged into the rivers, lakes and seas or stored after extracting the solidification heat
The invention is different from the prior art of the traditional heat pump unit in which the working medium is circulated without opening the pump work, the composite phase change working medium utilizes the excellent heat-conducting property of foam metal and the high phase change latent heat of paraffin to make up the defects of each other, replaces the traditional fluid working medium to circulate, the composite phase change working medium has different phase state densities, the density of the composite phase change working medium is smaller than that of the water floating surface when the phase change core is molten, the density of the composite phase change working medium is larger than that of the water sinking when the phase change core is solidified, and the thrust of acting by gravity is only depended on gravity, buoyancy and partial overcome the gravity in the whole circulation process of the composite phase change working medium.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ice source heat pump system utilizing phase change density difference for heat exchange is characterized by comprising a heating power network backwater unit, a phase change density difference heat exchange unit, an ice source heat pump unit and a control and transportation unit,
the phase change density difference heat exchange unit comprises a heat exchange water tank (6) provided with a plurality of liquid level sensors and temperature sensors, a plurality of composite phase change working media (1006) are arranged in the heat exchange water tank (6), the upper part of the heat exchange water tank is connected with the inlet end of a pipeline (9), and a thrust device (7) parallel to the inlet end of the pipeline (9) is also arranged in the heat exchange water tank (6);
the heat power network backwater unit is provided with a heat source inlet, a heat source outlet and a heat exchange water tank (6) which form a loop;
the ice source heat pump unit is provided with a phase change heat exchanger, the outlet end of the pipeline (9) is connected with the phase change heat exchanger, a coil is arranged in the phase change heat exchanger, and the outlet of the phase change heat exchanger is provided with a slide rail (11) and is connected with the control and transportation unit;
the control and transportation unit is provided with a reciprocating transportation device (13) which is elastically connected to the outlet of the phase change heat exchanger, and a runner groove matched with the volume of the composite phase change working medium (1006) is arranged in the direction of one end of the reciprocating transportation device (13) far away from the slide rail (11) to drive the composite phase change working medium (1006) to enter the heat exchange water tank (6); the control and transportation unit is also provided with a control area (16) for controlling the start and stop of each part of the system by monitoring the changes of a liquid level sensor and a temperature sensor in the ice source heat pump system.
2. The ice source heat pump system using the phase change density difference for heat exchange according to claim 1, further comprising an ice source heat pump heat supplementing unit connected to the heat exchange water tank (6) for assisting the heat exchange water tank in supplementing heat, wherein the ice source heat pump heat supplementing unit extracts the solidification heat by using tap water or a natural water source.
3. The ice source heat pump system using the phase change density difference for heat exchange according to claim 1, wherein the composite phase change working medium (1006) comprises a foamed metal support material (3) with a cavity, and a phase change heat storage body which has a low melting point, melts into a liquid state after absorbing heat and has a density lower than that of water is arranged in the cavity.
4. The ice source heat pump system utilizing the phase change density difference for heat exchange according to claim 3, characterized in that the freezing point of the low-density phase change material is higher than the liquid temperature in the phase change heat exchanger, and the low-density phase change material (4) is selected from paraffin or alkane with the melting point lower than the average water temperature of the heat exchange water tank (6) by at least 10 ℃.
5. The ice source heat pump system using phase change density difference for heat exchange according to claim 1, wherein the heat power network backwater unit is provided with a primary side backwater and a secondary side backwater, and is connected with one or two groups of phase change density difference heat exchange units respectively.
6. The ice source heat pump system for exchanging heat by utilizing the phase change density difference as claimed in claim 1, wherein a liquid baffle plate (8) is arranged at the joint of the heat exchange water tank (6) and the pipeline (9), the control area (16) is connected with the liquid baffle plate (8), and the included angle between the liquid baffle plate (8) and the liquid level is not less than 165 degrees.
7. The ice source heat pump system utilizing the phase change density difference for heat exchange according to claim 1, wherein a baffle (5) is arranged at the joint of the runner groove and the heat exchange water tank (6), and the control area (16) is linked with the baffle (5) to control the entering amount of the composite phase change working medium (1006).
8. The ice source heat pump system utilizing the phase change density difference for heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that a chute (14) is arranged above the reciprocating transportation device (13), and the chute (14) is connected with the sliding rail (11).
9. The ice source heat pump system for exchanging heat by utilizing the phase change density difference as claimed in claim 1, wherein air pressure is arranged in the control and transportation unit, and the liquid level in the phase change heat exchanger is lower than the bottom of the heat exchange water tank (6).
10. An ice source heat pump device using phase change density difference for heat exchange, characterized by comprising an ice source heat pump system using phase change density difference for heat exchange according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118607416A (en) * | 2024-08-05 | 2024-09-06 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Design method and medium for anti-icing heat flow density of electric heating anti-icing dry surface |
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| CN118607416B (en) * | 2024-08-05 | 2024-09-27 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Design method and medium for anti-icing heat flow density of electric heating anti-icing dry surface |
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| CN115059952B (en) | 2023-06-27 |
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