CN115059452A - Radial drilling fracturing simulation experiment device and using method thereof - Google Patents
Radial drilling fracturing simulation experiment device and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115059452A CN115059452A CN202210734957.3A CN202210734957A CN115059452A CN 115059452 A CN115059452 A CN 115059452A CN 202210734957 A CN202210734957 A CN 202210734957A CN 115059452 A CN115059452 A CN 115059452A
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a radial drilling fracturing simulation experiment device and a using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of indoor physical simulation of oil and gas exploitation, the device comprises a displacement system and a sand filling model, wherein the sand filling model comprises a sand filling box and a vertical simulation well, sand filling is arranged in the sand filling box to simulate the stratum condition, one end of the vertical simulation well is vertically inserted into the sand filling, the displacement system is connected with the other end of the vertical simulation well and is used for injecting fracturing fluid into the vertical simulation well, the sand filling box is formed by splicing a plurality of plates, and gaps among the plates are not sealed so as to judge whether the sand filling penetrates through seepage; one end of the vertical simulation well, which is positioned in the sand filling, is connected with a hole model, the hole model comprises a screen layer positioned on the outermost layer of the hole model, and fracturing fluid enters the sand filling through the screen layer. The experimental device can simulate the fracturing conditions of the radial drill hole, and meanwhile, the invention also provides a method for obtaining the optimal fracturing parameters of the radial drill hole by utilizing the experimental device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of indoor physical simulation of oil and gas exploitation, and particularly relates to a radial drilling fracturing simulation experiment device and a using method thereof.
Background
The thin layer sensitive heavy oil reservoir has the advantages of thin reservoir layer, high steam injection pressure, low single well productivity and poor development benefit. Therefore, people begin to adopt the radial water drilling fracturing technology to improve the steam absorption area and the crude oil seepage and leveling area to the maximum extent, so as to realize the effective utilization of the oil reservoirs. The radial drilling is to use the hydraulic rock breaking function of high pressure jet, to open a window at the oil layer, and to use a series of underground tools such as ground high pressure jet generator to collect and arrange the reflected data by computer, and to implement hydraulic jet drilling at fixed position and fixed direction. And drilling a plurality of holes with the diameter of 20-50 mm and the longest length of 100m at different positions and directions of the oil layer.
However, current research on radial borehole fracturing is relatively lacking, and it is well known that conventional fracturing does not have holes and fracture propagation is primarily geostressed (σ) v ，σ H ，σ h ) Conditional influence, with preliminary consensus on the rules of expansion, e.g. σ v The direction of maximum fracture surface extension being perpendicular to the minimum horizontal principal stress sigma h . However, when fracturing is performed after the radial holes are preset, the fracture propagation direction is changed due to the influence of the holes, and a related prediction model is lacked, so that it is necessary to research the fracture propagation rule during fracturing of the radial drilling holes through a simulation experiment so as to obtain the optimal fracturing parameters.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a radial drilling fracture simulation experiment apparatus, which is used for simulating a radial drilling fracture condition, and the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a radial drilling fracturing simulation experiment device comprises a displacement system and a sand filling model, wherein the sand filling model comprises a sand filling box and a vertical simulation well, the sand filling box is filled with sand to simulate the stratum condition, one end of the vertical simulation well is vertically inserted into the filled sand, and the displacement system is connected with the other end of the vertical simulation well and is used for injecting fracturing fluid into the vertical simulation well; one end of the vertical simulation well, which is positioned in the sand filling process, is connected with a hole model, the hole model comprises a screen layer positioned on the outermost layer of the hole model, and fracturing fluid enters the sand filling process through the screen layer.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the hole pattern is formed by rolling a screen into a cylindrical shape, that is, rolling the whole hole pattern by the screen. Of course, a plurality of iron wires can be used for wrapping the screen, or the outer wall of the steel pipe with the through holes comprises the screen.
From the manufacturing point of view, the hole model is made into the equal-diameter model most simply, however, the hole formed by the real hydraulic jet flow is usually in a reducing shape, and the diameter far away from the jet flow end is reduced, so that in order to better simulate the real situation of the stratum, in a specific implementation mode of the invention, the hole model is in a circular truncated cone shape, the bottom surface of the circular truncated cone is larger than the top surface, and the bottom surface of the hole model is communicated with the vertical simulation well. Of course, there are various ways of rolling the screen into a circular truncated cone shape, for example, a conical or circular truncated cone-shaped object is arranged in the screen roll, and then the screen is wrapped on the outer wall of the object.
The invention further aims to provide a using method of the radial drilling fracturing simulation experiment device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, filling the hole model into the sand filling, recording the inclination angle of the hole model, and then connecting the device;
s2, starting a displacement system to inject fracturing fluid into the sand filling model at a constant speed, stopping injecting when the fracturing fluid appears on the outer wall of the sand filling box, and recording experimental data, wherein the experimental data comprises the seepage plane data of the outer wall of the sand filling box obtained by disassembling the sand filling box;
s3, changing the displacement rate according to the hole model inclination angle set in the step S1, carrying out the displacement experiment again, and recording experiment data under different displacement rates;
s4, repeating the steps S2-S3 to carry out displacement experiments, and determining the experimental data of the hole model under different inclination angles;
s5, selecting radial drilling fracturing parameters according to the experimental data; the index for selecting the fracturing parameters of the radial drill hole comprises a seepage flow flat surface width and height value; the radial borehole fracture parameters include displacement rate and hole model dip angle.
S51, performing horizontal mesh generation on the seepage plane;
s52, obtaining the average width W of each horizontal grid ij Sum area S ij ；
S53, calculating the equivalent width of the seepage plane, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, W i The equivalent width of the seepage plane in the ith displacement experiment is shown; n is the number of horizontal mesh divisions;
s54, repeating the steps S51-S53 to vertically mesh the seepage plane and calculate the equivalent height H i ；
S55, passing through equivalent width W i And equivalent height H i The aspect ratio of the percolation plane;
s56, repeating the steps S51-S55 to calculate the aspect ratio of the seepage plane in each displacement experiment and ranking the seepage plane from large to small.
Has the advantages that: the experimental device can simulate the fracturing conditions of the radial drill hole, and meanwhile, the invention also provides a method for obtaining the optimal fracturing parameters of the radial drill hole by utilizing the experimental device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the experimental apparatus of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hole model according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a screen according to this embodiment;
in the formula, the system comprises a constant flow pump 1, a piston container 2, fracturing fluid 3, a pressure-resistant hose 4, a vertical simulation well 5, a hole model 6, sand filling 7 and a sand filling box 8.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The use of "including" or "comprising" and the like in this disclosure is intended to mean that the elements or items listed before that word, and equivalents thereof, are included without exclusion of other elements or items.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, fig. 1 is a schematic view of an overall structure of an experimental apparatus of the present embodiment, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of a hole model of the present embodiment, and fig. 3 is a schematic view of a screen and a cross section of the present embodiment.
The radial drilling fracturing simulation experiment device comprises a displacement system and a sand filling model which are sequentially connected, wherein the displacement system is used for injecting fracturing fluid into the sand filling system to simulate the fracturing situation.
The displacement system comprises a constant flow pump 1 and a piston container 2 which are sequentially connected, wherein water is filled at one end of the piston container 2 communicated with the constant flow pump 1, fracturing fluid 3 is filled at one end of the piston container 2 communicated with the sand filling model, and the constant flow pump 1 pushes the fracturing fluid 3 to enter the sand filling model by injecting water into the piston container 2.
The sand filling model comprises a sand filling box 8 and a vertical simulation well 5, wherein the sand filling box 8 is internally provided with sand filling 7 to simulate the stratum condition, one end of the vertical simulation well 5 is vertically inserted into the sand filling 7, and the other end of the vertical simulation well 5 is connected with the piston container 2 through a pressure hose 4 and is used for injecting fracturing fluid into the vertical simulation well 5. The sand filling box 5 is formed by splicing a plurality of steel plates, and gaps among the steel plates are not sealed so as to be convenient for judging whether the sand filling 7 is penetrated by seepage of the fracturing fluid 3 in the experimental process; one end of the vertical simulation well 5, which is positioned in the sand filling 7, is also connected with a hole model 6, the hole model 6 is integrally in a circular truncated cone shape and is rolled by a screen, in order to facilitate manufacturing, the screen can be polished to gradually change the wall thickness and then wound, the cross section of the polished screen is shown in figure 3, and fracturing fluid 3 enters the sand filling 7 through the screen.
A use method of a radial drilling fracturing simulation experiment device comprises the following steps:
s1, filling the hole model into the sand filling, recording the inclination angle of the hole model, and connecting the hole model with a device;
s2, starting a displacement system to inject fracturing fluid into the sand filling model at a constant speed (constant flow), stopping injecting when the fracturing fluid appears on the outer wall of the sand filling box, and recording experimental data, wherein the experimental data comprises seepage pressure which is very high in the data of a seepage plane of the outer wall of the sand filling box obtained by disassembling the sand filling box;
s3, changing the displacement rate according to the hole model inclination angle set in the step S1, carrying out the displacement experiment again, and recording experiment data under different displacement rates;
s4, repeating the steps S2-S3 to carry out displacement experiments, and determining the experimental data of the hole model under different inclination angles; the inclination angle represents an included angle between the hole model in the vertical plane and the horizontal plane, for example, the included angle is 0 degree in the horizontal direction and 90 degrees in the vertical direction, and the inclination angle is mainly used for describing the position of the hole model in sand filling.
And S5, selecting a displacement rate and a hole model inclination angle as radial drilling fracturing parameters according to the experimental data by taking the seepage plane aspect ratio as a standard.
S51, performing horizontal mesh generation on the seepage plane;
s52, obtaining the average width W of each horizontal grid ij Sum area S ij ；
S53, calculating the equivalent width of the seepage plane, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, W i The equivalent width of the seepage plane in the ith displacement experiment is shown; n is the number of horizontal mesh divisions;
s54, repeating the steps S51-S53 to vertically mesh the seepage plane and calculate the equivalent height H i ；
S55, passing through equivalent width W i And equivalent height H i The aspect ratio of the percolation plane;
s56, repeating the steps S51-S55 to calculate the aspect ratio of the seepage plane in each displacement experiment and ranking the seepage plane from large to small. The parameter with a large value is preferably used as a fracturing option, and of course, the parameter can be further screened in combination with other factors (such as economic factors), including displacement pressure, and since the simulated well model of the experimental device is small, the fracturing pressure (the highest pressure in the displacement process) is not obviously changed (generally not exceeding 1Mpa), so that the fracturing pressure is not included in the main selection index in the embodiment.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A radial drilling fracturing simulation experiment device comprises a displacement system and a sand filling model, wherein the sand filling model comprises a sand filling box and a vertical simulation well, the sand filling box is internally provided with sand filling, one end of the vertical simulation well is vertically inserted into the sand filling, the displacement system is connected with the other end of the vertical simulation well and is used for injecting fracturing fluid into the vertical simulation well,
the sand filling box is formed by splicing a plurality of plates, and gaps among the plates are not sealed;
one end of the vertical simulation well, which is positioned in the sand filling process, is connected with a hole model, the hole model comprises a screen layer positioned on the outermost layer of the hole model, and fracturing fluid enters the sand filling process through the screen layer.
2. The radial drilling fracturing simulation experiment device of claim 1, wherein the hole model is truncated cone-shaped.
3. The radial drilling fracturing simulation experiment device of claim 2, wherein the hole pattern is rolled by a screen.
4. The radial borehole fracture simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the displacement system comprises a constant flow pump and a piston container, one end of the piston container is communicated with the vertical simulation well, the other end of the piston container is connected with an outlet of the constant flow pump, and the fracture liquid is located in one end of the piston container communicated with the vertical simulation well.
5. The use method of the radial drilling fracturing simulation experiment device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, filling the hole model into the sand filling, recording the inclination angle of the hole model, and connecting the hole model with a device;
s2, starting a displacement system to inject fracturing fluid into the sand filling model at a constant speed, stopping injecting when the fracturing fluid appears on the outer wall of the sand filling box, and recording experimental data, wherein the experimental data comprises the seepage plane data of the outer wall of the sand filling box obtained by disassembling the sand filling box;
s3, changing the displacement rate according to the hole model inclination angle set in the step S1, carrying out the displacement experiment again, and recording experiment data under different displacement rates;
s4, repeating the steps S2-S3 to perform a displacement experiment, and determining experimental data of the hole model under different inclination angles;
s5, selecting radial drilling fracturing parameters according to the experimental data; the reference index for selecting the radial drilling fracturing parameters comprises a seepage flow flat surface width and height value; the radial borehole fracture parameters include displacement rate and hole model dip angle.
6. The use method of the radial drilling fracture simulation experiment device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step S5 comprises the following steps:
s51, performing horizontal mesh generation on the seepage plane;
s52, obtaining the average width W of each horizontal grid ij Sum area S ij ；
S53, calculating the equivalent width of the seepage plane, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, W i The equivalent width of the seepage plane in the ith displacement experiment is shown; n is the number of horizontal mesh divisions;
s54, repeating the steps S51-S53 to vertically mesh the seepage plane and calculate the equivalent height H i ；
S55, passing through equivalent width W i And equivalent height H i The aspect ratio of the percolation plane;
s56, repeating the steps S51-S55 to calculate the aspect ratio of the seepage plane in each displacement experiment and ranking the seepage plane from large to small.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210734957.3A CN115059452A (en) | 2022-06-27 | 2022-06-27 | Radial drilling fracturing simulation experiment device and using method thereof |
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| CN202210734957.3A CN115059452A (en) | 2022-06-27 | 2022-06-27 | Radial drilling fracturing simulation experiment device and using method thereof |
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