CN115058553A - Shaft furnace reactor suitable for hydrogen direct reduction iron reaction and application thereof - Google Patents
Shaft furnace reactor suitable for hydrogen direct reduction iron reaction and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115058553A CN115058553A CN202210697010.XA CN202210697010A CN115058553A CN 115058553 A CN115058553 A CN 115058553A CN 202210697010 A CN202210697010 A CN 202210697010A CN 115058553 A CN115058553 A CN 115058553A
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 244
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 36
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims description 25
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 title 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/26—Arrangements of controlling devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to a shaft furnace reactor suitable for hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction and application thereof, shaft furnace reactor includes shaft furnace body, feeding device, discharge apparatus, furnace top gas processing apparatus and reducing gas heating distributor, wherein the shaft furnace body is transversal circular shape cavity cylinder form of personally submitting, and its inner chamber evenly divides into n independent reaction zones each other through vertical partition wall, makes n reaction zones center on the center pin of furnace body inner chamber is fan-shaped distribution, and wherein n is more than or equal to 4's integer, feeding device, discharge apparatus, furnace top gas processing apparatus and reducing gas heating distributor and each the reaction zone communicates respectively. The shaft furnace reactor allows the number and the position of reaction areas participating in the reaction of hydrogen direct reduced iron to be adjusted according to the supply amount of fresh hydrogen, so that the production load of the shaft furnace reactor can adapt to the load change of renewable energy hydrogen production in the green hydrogen direct reduced iron process.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of hydrogen direct reduced iron, in particular to a shaft furnace reactor suitable for hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction and application thereof.
Background
In order to control the atmospheric greenhouse effect, reduce carbon emission and popularize short-flow steelmaking processes, developed countries and all large steel and iron macros are developing hydrogen direct reduction iron technology.
A typical hydrogen direct reduction iron process is shown in fig. 1, in which iron-containing raw material (e.g., iron nuggets or pellets) is fed into a shaft furnace via a charging device, a shaft furnace charging device; the heated reducing gas (such as hydrogen) enters a hearth through a pipeline, and in a reduction zone of the shaft furnace, the high-temperature hydrogen and the falling iron-containing raw material are in full countercurrent contact to generate reduction reaction to generate direct reduced iron. The gaseous material (components of water vapor and H) after reduction reaction 2 ) And the gas is discharged from the top of the shaft furnace as top gas, is dedusted by a scrubber, is pressurized by a circulating gas compressor, is mixed with supplemented hydrogen to form reducing gas, is heated by a heater and then enters the shaft furnace. The hot direct reduced iron is discharged from the lower cone of the shaft furnace, or directly sent to an EAF electric furnace for steel making, or manufactured into pillow-shaped iron blocks (HBI) with the length of about 110 mm, the width of about 50 mm and the thickness of about 30 mm by a hot briquetting device.
The hydrogen produced by the process of directly reducing iron by hydrogen can be produced by water electrolysis, the required electric energy can be provided by renewable energy sources (such as wind/photoelectricity), and the hydrogen produced by water electrolysis by adopting the renewable energy sources is also called as green hydrogen. Since the load of renewable energy (such as wind/photovoltaic) varies with natural conditions, an energy storage device needs to be configured, and in consideration of investment economy and technical feasibility, the energy storage capacity of renewable energy is usually 10% of the normal power generation capacity, that is, the load of renewable energy fluctuates within a range of 10-100% with the variation of natural conditions. The operational flexibility of the water electrolysis hydrogen production is 10-100%, which is consistent with the load variation range of renewable energy sources, but the operational flexibility of the hydrogen direct reduced iron shaft furnace is only 60-100%.
In order to reduce the influence of the fluctuation of the green hydrogen supply amount caused by the load fluctuation of the renewable energy sources on the working temperature and the efficiency of the shaft furnace, the shaft furnace reactor which is suitable for directly reducing iron by using green hydrogen and can be matched with the load fluctuation of the renewable energy sources needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The aim of the application is to provide a novel shaft furnace reactor suitable for hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction and application thereof, wherein the shaft furnace reactor can adopt green hydrogen as a hydrogen source, and the operation elasticity of the shaft furnace reactor can be matched with the load fluctuation of renewable energy sources used for preparing the green hydrogen.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect, the present application provides a shaft furnace reactor suitable for a hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction, comprising a shaft furnace body, a feeding device, a discharging device, a top gas processing device and a reducing gas heating and distributing device, wherein the shaft furnace body is in the form of a hollow cylinder with a circular cross section, an inner cavity of the shaft furnace body is uniformly divided into n reaction zones independent of each other by a vertical partition wall, so that the n reaction zones are distributed in a fan shape around a central axis of the inner cavity of the shaft furnace body, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 4, and the feeding device, the discharging device, the top gas processing device and the reducing gas heating and distributing device are respectively communicated with each reaction zone.
In another aspect, there is provided the use of a shaft reactor according to the present application for a hydrogen direct reduction iron reaction.
In yet another aspect, the present application provides a method for direct reduction of iron using hydrogen, comprising the step of performing a reaction for direct reduction of iron using hydrogen using a shaft furnace reactor according to the present application.
The shaft furnace reactor allows the number and the position of the reaction areas participating in the hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction to be adjusted according to the air supply quantity of fresh hydrogen, so that the production load of the shaft furnace reactor adapts to the load change of hydrogen production by renewable energy sources, the operation efficiency and the stability of the reactor are improved, the investment and the operation cost are reduced, and the green hydrogen direct reduced iron process is perfected.
Additional features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a conventional green hydrogen direct reduction iron process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a cross section of a shaft furnace body of a shaft furnace reactor according to a preferred embodiment of the present application; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a shaft furnace reactor according to a preferred embodiment of the present application.
Description of the reference numerals
| Reference numerals | Device name | Reference numerals | Device name |
| 10-CV-01 | Feeding device | 30-BN-01 | Unloading buffer bin |
| 10-TB-01 | Furnace roof bin | 40-CR-01 | Top gas scrubber |
| 10-BN-01/10 | Reaction zone feeding bin | 50-CP-01 | Circulating gas compressor |
| 10-LI-01/10 | Material level meter for feeding bin | 50-CV-01 | Compressor bypass flow regulating valve |
| 10-TV-01/10 | Feeding control valve of feeding bin | 50-FI-01 | Compressor bypass flowmeter |
| 10-BV-01/10 | Discharge control valve of feeding bin | 60-HV-01 | Hydrogen regulating valve |
| 20-RE-01/10 | Reaction zone | 60-FI-01 | Hydrogen flowmeter |
| 20-LI-01/10 | Reaction zone level indicator | 70-FI-01 | Compressed gas flowmeter |
| 20-TV-01/10 | Furnace top air control valve | 70-HT-01 | Reducing gas heater |
| 20-RV-01/10 | Reducing gas control valve | 70-FV-01 | Heater burnerMaterial regulating valve |
| 30-RF-01/10 | Rotary discharger | 70-AV-01 | Combustion-supporting gas regulating valve of heater |
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present application will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present application, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, and are not intended to limit the present application.
Any specific value disclosed herein (including endpoints of ranges of values) is not to be limited to the precise value of that value, but rather should be construed to also encompass values close to the precise value, for example, all possible values within 5% of the precise value. Also, for the disclosed ranges of values, any combination between the endpoints of the ranges, between the endpoints and specific points within the ranges, and between specific points within the ranges can result in one or more new ranges of values, which should also be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
Unless otherwise defined, terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, and if a term is defined herein and its definition is different from that commonly understood in the art, the definition herein controls.
In the present application, the interval represented by the expression "(… ]" is a half-open and half-closed interval including the upper limit value and not including the lower limit value, and for example, the interval (0-1/n) represents a numerical interval of more than 0 to 1/n or less.
In the present application, anything or things that are not mentioned are directly applicable to those known in the art without any change except what is explicitly stated. Moreover, any embodiment described herein may be freely combined with one or more other embodiments described herein, and the technical solutions or ideas thus formed are considered part of the original disclosure or original description of the present invention, and should not be considered as new matters not disclosed or contemplated herein, unless a person skilled in the art would consider such combination to be clearly unreasonable.
All patent and non-patent documents referred to herein, including but not limited to textbooks and journal articles and the like, are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
As described above, in a first aspect, the present application provides a shaft furnace reactor suitable for a hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction, comprising a shaft furnace body, a charging device, a discharging device, a top gas processing device and a reducing gas heating and distributing device, wherein the shaft furnace body is in the form of a hollow cylinder with a circular cross section, an inner cavity of the shaft furnace body is uniformly divided into n reaction zones independent of each other by a vertical partition wall, so that the n reaction zones are distributed in a fan shape around a central axis of the inner cavity of the shaft furnace body, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 4, preferably an integer greater than or equal to 6, and more preferably an integer between 6 and 10, and the charging device, the discharging device, the top gas processing device and the reducing gas heating and distributing device are respectively communicated with each reaction zone.
In a preferred embodiment, the feeding device comprises a feeding device, furnace top bins, reaction zone feeding bins and reaction zone level meters, wherein the reaction zone feeding bins and the reaction zone level meters are in the same number and are paired with the reaction zones, each reaction zone feeding bin is provided with a feeding control valve, a discharging control valve and a feeding bin level meter, the feeding device is used for conveying iron-containing raw materials into the furnace top bins, each reaction zone feeding bin is communicated with the furnace top bins through the corresponding feeding control valve to receive the iron-containing raw materials from the furnace top bins and is communicated with the tops of the corresponding reaction zones through the corresponding discharging control valves to feed the iron-containing raw materials into the reaction zones, each reaction zone level meter is used for monitoring the level condition in the corresponding reaction zone and controlling the opening of the feeding control valve and the closing of the discharging control valve of the corresponding reaction zone feeding bin according to the measured level condition, and simultaneously, each feeding bin level meter is used for monitoring the material level condition in the corresponding reaction area feeding bin and controlling the closing of a feeding control valve and the opening of a discharging control valve of the corresponding reaction area feeding bin according to the measured material level condition.
In a preferred embodiment, the discharge apparatus comprises rotary dischargers in the same number and in pairs with the reaction zones and discharge surge bins, each rotary discharger communicating with the bottom of a respective reaction zone for discharging solid and liquid material from the bottom of the reaction zone into the discharge surge bins.
In a preferred embodiment, the top gas treatment device comprises top gas control valves, a top gas main pipe, a top gas scrubber and a circulating gas compressor, wherein the top gas control valves are in the same number and are paired with the reaction zones, each top gas control valve is communicated with the top of the corresponding reaction zone to discharge gaseous materials at the top of the reaction zone into the top gas main pipe, the top gas main pipe is communicated with the top gas scrubber to convey the gaseous materials into the top gas scrubber for scrubbing, temperature reduction and dust removal, and the scrubbed gaseous materials are recycled after being compressed in the circulating gas compressor, for example, mixed with fresh hydrogen feed to obtain reducing gas.
In a preferred embodiment, the reducing gas heating and distributing device comprises a reducing gas heater, a reducing gas main pipe and a reaction area reducing gas control valve, wherein the reaction area reducing gas control valve is the same in number and paired with one of the reaction areas, and the reducing gas containing hydrogen enters the reducing gas main pipe after being heated by the reducing gas heater and then enters the middle lower part of the corresponding reaction area for reducing the iron-containing raw material through the reaction area reducing gas control valve.
In a preferred embodiment, the shaft furnace reactor further comprises an automatic load control device, wherein the automatic load control device controls the number and the positions of the reaction zones participating in the reaction of the hydrogen direct reduced iron in the n reaction zones according to the feeding amount of the fresh hydrogen, and the reaction zone charging bin feeding control valve, the reaction zone charging bin discharging control valve, the rotary discharger, the furnace top air control valve and the reaction zone reduction air control valve corresponding to the corresponding reaction zones are opened and closed. Preferably, the load automatic control device may include a DCS automatic control system.
In a further preferred embodiment, the automatic load control device controls the shaft furnace reactor in the following manner:
I) calculating the ratio x of the fresh hydrogen feeding amount to the fresh hydrogen amount required by the shaft furnace reactor in full load operation, and judging which interval of (0-1/n ], (1/n-2/n ], …, ((n-2)/n- (n-1)/n ], ((n-1)/n-1) the value of x falls;
II) when the numerical value of x falls within an interval ((m-1)/n-m/n), wherein m is an integer from 1 to n, the automatic load control device controls m reaction zones to participate in the hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction, and opens a rotary discharger, a furnace top air control valve and a reaction zone reduction air control valve corresponding to the m reaction zones, and simultaneously allows reaction zone level meters and feeding bin level meters corresponding to the m reaction zones to monitor the level conditions of the corresponding reaction zones and reaction zone feeding bins, and controls the opening and closing of the corresponding feeding control valves and discharging control valves according to the measured level conditions; and
III) the automatic load control device closes the feeding control valve of the reaction zone feeding bin, the discharging control valve of the reaction zone feeding bin, the rotary discharger, the furnace top air control valve and the reaction zone reducing air control valve corresponding to the rest n-m reaction zones which do not participate in the reaction.
In a further preferred embodiment, the automatic load control device controls the m reaction zones participating in the reaction and the n-m reaction zones not participating in the reaction to be arranged in an alternating manner around the central axis of the inner cavity of the furnace body.
In a further preferred embodiment, the shaft furnace reactor further comprises a recycle gas compressor bypass and a compressor bypass flow control valve arranged on the bypass, wherein the automatic load control device is capable of controlling the opening of the compressor bypass flow control valve and thus the flow of the gaseous material flowing through the recycle gas compressor bypass as a function of the feed quantity of fresh hydrogen.
In addition to the above described structures and arrangements, other structures and arrangements of the shaft furnace reactor of the present application, such as other structures and arrangements of the inner cavity of the shaft furnace body, may be the same as the shaft furnace of the prior art, such as the shaft furnace disclosed in CN 108220520A, CN 112143846 a, etc., and will not be described herein again.
The shaft furnace reactor allows the number and the position of the reaction areas participating in the hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction to be adjusted according to the gas supply quantity of fresh hydrogen, so that the production load of the shaft furnace reactor adapts to the load change of hydrogen production by renewable energy sources, the operation efficiency and the stability of the reactor are improved, the investment and the operation cost are reduced, and the green hydrogen direct reduced iron process is perfected.
In a preferred embodiment, the shaft furnace reactor of the application can achieve the effect of dynamically adjusting the production load of the shaft furnace by dividing the inner cavity of the shaft furnace body into a plurality of mutually independent reaction zones and independently controlling the opening and closing of each reaction zone by adopting the automatic load control device.
In a preferred embodiment, the operational flexibility (i.e. the adjustment range of the production load) of the shaft furnace reactor of the present application can be extended to 10-100%, so that the fluctuations of the renewable energy source (e.g. wind/photovoltaic) for producing green hydrogen can be sufficiently matched, enabling the shaft furnace reactor to operate stably for a long period of time.
In a second aspect, there is provided the use of a shaft reactor according to the present application for a hydrogen direct reduction iron reaction.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen direct iron reduction reaction uses green hydrogen as the hydrogen source.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a method for direct reduction of iron with hydrogen comprising the step of performing a hydrogen direct reduction iron reaction using a shaft furnace reactor according to the present application.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen direct iron reduction reaction uses green hydrogen as the hydrogen source.
In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises controlling the number and the positions of the reaction zones participating in the reaction of the hydrogen direct reduced iron in the n reaction zones by the automatic load control device according to the supply amount of the fresh hydrogen, and opening and closing a reaction zone charging bin feeding control valve, a reaction zone charging bin discharging control valve, a rotary discharger, a furnace top air control valve and a reaction zone reducing air control valve corresponding to the respective reaction zones.
In a further preferred embodiment, the step of controlling with the automatic load control device includes:
I) calculating the ratio x of the fresh hydrogen feeding amount to the fresh hydrogen amount required by the full-load operation of the shaft furnace reactor (hereinafter referred to as 'rated hydrogen amount') and judging which interval of (0-1/n ], (1/n-2/n ], …, ((n-2)/n- (n-1)/n ], ((n-1)/n-1) the value of x falls;
II) when the numerical value of x falls in an interval ((m-1)/n-m/n), wherein m is an integer from 1 to n, controlling m reaction zones to participate in the hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction by the automatic load control device, opening rotary dischargers, furnace top air control valves and reaction zone reduction air control valves corresponding to the m reaction zones, allowing reaction zone level meters and charging bin level meters corresponding to the m reaction zones to monitor the level conditions of the corresponding reaction zones and reaction zone charging bins, and controlling the opening and closing of the corresponding feeding control valves and discharging control valves according to the measured level conditions; and
and III) closing the reaction zone feeding bin feeding control valves, the reaction zone feeding bin discharging control valves, the rotary discharger, the furnace top air control valve and the reaction zone reducing air control valve corresponding to the remaining n-m reaction zones which do not participate in the reaction through the automatic load control device.
In a further preferred embodiment, in step II), the m reaction zones participating in the reaction and the n-m reaction zones not participating in the reaction are controlled by the automatic load control device to be arranged in an alternating manner around the central axis of the furnace body inner cavity. By alternating the reaction zones participating in the reaction with the reaction zones not participating in the reaction, the heat in the thermally stopped reaction zone (i.e., the reaction zone stopped due to the decrease in the hydrogen supply) can be maintained to the maximum extent, thereby facilitating the reaction zone to start participating again.
In some embodiments, the reaction zones in the shaft furnace body may be numbered sequentially according to the principle that the adjacent numbered reaction zones are not adjacent to each other clockwise or counterclockwise, for example, when 10 reaction zones are included, the reaction zones may be numbered sequentially as 1, 6, 2, 7, 3, 8, 4, 9, 5 and 10 clockwise or counterclockwise (as shown in fig. 2). At this time, when it is determined that m reaction zones are required to participate in the reaction based on the supply amount of fresh hydrogen, the reaction zones numbered 1 to m may be controlled to participate in the reaction by the automatic load control device, or the reaction zones numbered 1 to (n-m) may be controlled to stop the reaction by the automatic load control device.
In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises controlling the opening of the compressor bypass flow control valve by the load automatic control device according to the feeding amount of the fresh hydrogen, and further controlling the flow of the gaseous material circulated through the bypass of the recycle gas compressor, so that the flow of the gaseous material flowing through the recycle gas compressor matches the number of reaction zones participating in the hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction.
In certain embodiments, when the value of the ratio x of the fresh hydrogen supply to the fresh hydrogen amount required at full operation of the shaft furnace reactor (i.e. the rated hydrogen amount) falls within the interval ((m-1)/n-m/n), the opening of the compressor bypass flow regulating valve is controlled by the automatic load control device such that the ratio of the flow rate of the gaseous material flowing through the recycle gas compressor to the flow rate of the gaseous material flowing through the recycle gas compressor at full operation of the shaft furnace reactor (hereinafter simply referred to as "rated flow rate") is m/n.
Preferred embodiments of the shaft reactor of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited thereto.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the shaft furnace body of the shaft furnace reactor has a circular cross-section, and its interior is divided uniformly by vertical partition walls into 10 reaction zones which are independent of each other, so that the 10 reaction zones are distributed in a fan-like manner around the central axis of the interior of the furnace body. For convenience of description, the 10 reaction zones are numbered as No. 1 reaction zone 20-RE-01, No. 6 reaction zone 20-RE-06, No. 2 reaction zone 20-RE-02, No. 7 reaction zone 20-RE-07, No. 3 reaction zone 20-RE-03, No. 8 reaction zone 20-RE-08, No. 4 reaction zone 20-RE-04, No. 9 reaction zone 20-RE-09, No. 5 reaction zone 20-RE-05 and No. 10 reaction zone 20-RE-10 in turn according to the principle that the adjacent reaction zones are not adjacent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 3, the shaft furnace reactor comprises a shaft furnace body in the form of a hollow cylinder having a circular cross section, as shown in fig. 2, whose inner cavity is uniformly divided by vertical partition walls into 10 reaction zones 20-RE-01 to 20-RE-10 (hereinafter, abbreviated as 20-RE-01/10) independent of each other, a charging device, a discharging device, a top gas treatment device and a reducing gas heating and distributing device, which are respectively communicated with each of the reaction zones. In addition, the shaft furnace reactor also comprises an automatic load control device (not shown in the figure), a compressor bypass flow regulating valve 50-CV-01, a compressor bypass flow meter 50-FI-01, a compressed gas flow meter 70-FI-01, a hydrogen regulating valve 60-HV-01 and a hydrogen flow meter 60-FI-01, wherein the automatic load control device comprises a DCS automatic control system.
The feeding device comprises a feeding device 10-CV-01, a furnace top bin 10-TB-01, 10 reaction zone feeding bins 10-BN-01 to 10-BN-10 (hereinafter abbreviated as 10-BN-01/10) and 10 reaction zone level meters 20-LI-01 to 20-LI-10 (hereinafter abbreviated as 20-LI-01/10), wherein the 10 reaction zone feeding bins are respectively provided with 10 feeding control valves 10-TV-01 to 10-TV-10 (hereinafter abbreviated as 10-TV-01/10), 10 discharging control valves 10-BV-01 to 10-BV-10 (hereinafter abbreviated as 10-BV-01/10) and 10 feeding bin level meters 10-LI-01 to 10-LI-10 (hereinafter abbreviated as 10-LI-01/10). The charging device 10-CV-01 is used to transport iron-containing raw materials (e.g., iron nuggets or pellets) to a top bin 10-TB-01, and each reaction zone charging bin 10-BN-01/10 communicates with the top bin 10-TB-01 through a corresponding feed control valve 10-TV-01/10 to receive iron-containing raw materials from the top bin 10-TB-01 and communicates with the top of a corresponding reaction zone 20-RE-01/10 through a corresponding discharge control valve 10-BV-01/10 to feed iron-containing raw materials to the reaction zone. Each reaction zone level indicator 20-LI-01/10 is used for monitoring the level condition in the corresponding reaction zone 20-RE-01/10 and controlling the opening of the corresponding feed control valve 10-TV-01/10 and the closing of the discharge control valve 10-BV-01/10 according to the measured level condition; meanwhile, each feed bin level gauge 10-LI-01/10 is used to monitor the level in the corresponding reaction zone feed bin 10-BN-01/10 and control the closing of the corresponding feed control valve 10-TV-01/10 and the opening of the discharge control valve 10-BV-01/10 based on the measured level. For example, when a certain reaction zone level gauge indicates a low level, the discharge control valve of the corresponding reaction zone feed bin is closed, and then the feed control valve of the reaction zone feed bin is opened, so that the iron-containing raw material in the top bin 10-TB-01 flows into the reaction zone feed bin; when the charging bin level meter of the reaction zone charging bin displays a high material level, the charging control valve of the reaction zone charging bin is closed, charging is stopped, then the discharging control valve of the reaction zone charging bin is opened, and the iron-containing raw materials in the reaction zone charging bin are fed into the corresponding reaction zone.
The discharging device includes 10 rotary dischargers 30-RF-01 to 30-RF-10 (hereinafter, abbreviated as 30-RF-01/10) and a discharge buffer bin 30-BN-01. When the rotary discharger operates normally, the rotary discharger 30-RF-01/10 feeds the direct reduced iron in the reaction zone into the discharging buffer bin 30-BN-01 according to the output of the corresponding reaction zone 20-RE-01/10 and at a certain rotating speed, and then the direct reduced iron is distributed to EAF electric steelmaking or hot briquetting HBI by the discharging buffer bin 30-BN-01.
The top gas treatment apparatus includes 10 top gas control valves 20-TV-01 to 20-TV-10 (hereinafter abbreviated as 20-TV-01/10), a top gas main pipe, a top gas scrubber 40-CR-01, and a circulating gas compressor 50-C-P01. Gaseous materials (i.e. furnace top gas) discharged from the furnace top of the reaction zone 20-RE-01/10 flow into the furnace top gas main pipe through the corresponding furnace top gas control valve 20-TV-01/10 in a parallel flow manner, are washed by the furnace top gas washer 40-CR-01 to be cooled and dedusted, enter the circulating gas compressor 50-CP-01 to be compressed, and are mixed with fresh hydrogen from, for example, electrolytic hydrogen production to form reducing gas. The hydrogen pipeline is provided with a hydrogen regulating valve 60-HV-01 and a hydrogen flowmeter 60-FI-01 for detecting and adjusting the amount of fresh hydrogen input.
The reducing gas heating and distributing device comprises a reducing gas heater 70-HT-01, a reducing gas main pipeline and 10 reducing gas control valves 20-RV-01 to 20-RV-10 (hereinafter, abbreviated as 20-RV-01/10), wherein the reducing gas heater 70-HT-01 is further provided with a heater fuel regulating valve 70-FV-01 and a heater combustion-supporting gas regulating valve 70-AV-01. The reducing gas containing hydrogen is heated by a reducing gas heater 70-HT-01 and then enters a main reducing gas pipeline, and then enters a corresponding reaction zone 20-RE-01/10 through a reaction zone reducing gas control valve 20-RV-01/10 for reducing the iron-containing raw material. The heater fuel regulating valve 70-FV-01 and the heater combustion-supporting gas regulating valve 70-AV-01 of the reducing gas heater 70-HT-01 can be regulated according to the flow of the reducing gas flowing into the reducing gas heater 70-HT-01, and the flow of the reducing gas can be detected by a compressed gas flow meter 70-FI-01 and a hydrogen flow meter 60-FI-01.
The automatic load control device can control the number and the positions of reaction areas participating in the reaction of the hydrogen direct reduced iron in the 10 reaction areas 20-RE-01/10 according to the feeding amount of fresh hydrogen, and the opening and the closing of a reaction area feeding bin feeding control valve 10-TV-01/10, a reaction area feeding bin discharging control valve 10-BV-01/10, a rotary discharger 30-RF-01/10, a furnace top air control valve 20-TV-01/10 and a reaction area reducing air control valve 20-RV-01/10 corresponding to the corresponding reaction areas.
Examples
The present application is further illustrated with reference to the following examples, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Taking the shaft reactor shown in FIG. 3 as an example, how the shaft reactor of the present application controls the operation of the reactor according to the feed amount of fresh hydrogen.
The reactor is initially operated at full capacity at the nominal hydrogen level and when the feed of fresh hydrogen gas is reduced by 10% from the nominal hydrogen level, the reactor 20-RE-01 # 1 is stopped. At this time, the following operations are performed under the control of the load automatic control device:
1. closing:
feeding bin feeding control valve 10-TV-01
Charging bin discharge control valve 10-BV-01
Furnace roof air control valve 20-TV-01
Reducing gas control valve 20-RV-01
Rotary discharger 30-RF-01
2. Adjusting:
the opening degree of a bypass flow regulating valve 50-CV-01 of the compressor is adjusted to regulate the flow of the gaseous material flowing through the bypass of the compressor, so that the flow of the gaseous material passing through the circulating gas compressor is 90% of the rated flow;
the flow of the hydrogen regulating valve 60-HV-01 is regulated to be 10 percent of the rated quantity (namely the quantity in full load work);
reducing the flow of the heater fuel regulating valve 70-FV-01 by 10% of the rated amount;
adjusting the flow of the heater combustion-supporting gas regulating valve 70-AV-01 to be 10 percent of the rated amount;
3. and (3) detection:
compressor bypass flow meter 50-FI-01
Hydrogen flowmeter 60-FI-01
Compressed gas flowmeter 70-FI-01
And timely adjusting according to the monitoring data displayed by the flowmeter.
When the fresh hydrogen feed rate was further reduced by 10% from the nominal hydrogen rate (i.e., by a total of 20%), reactor No. 2, 20-RE-02, was further stopped. At this time, the following operations are performed under the control of the load automatic control device:
1. closing:
feeding bin feeding control valve 10-TV-02
Charging bin discharging control valve 10-BV-02
Furnace roof air control valve 20-TV-02
Reducing gas control valve 20-RV-02
Rotary discharger 30-RF-02
2. Adjusting:
the opening degree of a bypass flow regulating valve 50-CV-01 of the compressor is adjusted to regulate the flow of the gaseous material flowing through the bypass of the compressor, so that the flow of the gaseous material passing through the circulating gas compressor is 80% of the rated flow;
the flow of the hydrogen regulating valve 60-HV-01 is adjusted to be 10 percent of the rated amount (namely, the total flow is adjusted to be 20 percent smaller);
the heater fuel regulating valve 70-FV-01 is turned down by 10% of the rated amount (i.e., 20% in total);
the flow of the heater combustion-supporting gas regulating valve 70-AV-01 is adjusted to be 10 percent of the rated amount (namely, the total flow is adjusted to be 20 percent smaller);
3. and (3) detection:
compressor bypass flow meter 50-FI-01
Hydrogen flowmeter 60-FI-01
Compressed gas flowmeter 70-FI-01
And timely adjusting according to the monitoring data displayed by the flowmeter.
And analogizing in turn, shutting down each corresponding reaction zone and relevant devices according to the reduction amplitude of the fresh hydrogen supply quantity, simultaneously keeping the flow of the reducing gas through the compressor bypass device, keeping the heat in the shaft furnace to the maximum extent, and quickly putting the shut-down reaction zones into operation when the fresh hydrogen supply quantity is recovered.
Specifically, when the fresh hydrogen supply is recovered, the reaction zones are put into operation according to the principle of first stopping and first feeding, and the reaction zones in thermal stop are sequentially recovered.
Reactor No. 1, 20-RE-01, was started when the fresh hydrogen feed was restored to 10% (relative to the nominal hydrogen amount). At this time, the following operations are performed under the control of the load automatic control device:
1. opening:
furnace roof air control valve 20-TV-01
Reducing gas control valve 20-RV-01
2. Operation:
feeding bin feeding control valve 10-TV-01
Charging bin discharge control valve 10-BV-01
Rotary discharger 30-RF-01
Reactor 20-RE-01 Normal feed and discharge
3. Adjusting:
the opening degree of the compressor bypass flow regulating valve 50-CV-01 is adjusted to regulate the flow rate of the gaseous material flowing through the compressor bypass, so that the flow rate of the gaseous material passing through the circulating gas compressor is increased by 10 percent (relative to the rated flow rate);
adjusting the flow of the hydrogen adjusting valve 60-HV-01 by 10 percent of the rated quantity;
the flow of the heater fuel regulating valve 70-FV-01 is increased by 10 percent of the rated quantity;
the flow of the heater combustion-supporting gas regulating valve 70-AV-01 is regulated by 10 percent of the rated quantity;
4. and (3) detection:
compressor bypass flow meter 50-FI-01
Hydrogen flowmeter 60-FI-01
Compressed gas flowmeter 70-FI-01
And timely adjusting according to the monitoring data displayed by the flowmeter.
And analogizing in turn, starting corresponding reaction zones and related devices according to the recovery amplitude of the fresh hydrogen supply quantity, wherein the compressor bypass device keeps the flow of the reducing gas, and meanwhile, the heat loss in the thermal stop reaction zone is less, and the thermal stop reaction zone can be quickly recovered to operate when the fresh hydrogen supply quantity is recovered.
Comparative example 1
The shaft furnace system adopts 10 small shaft furnaces with parallel capacity of 10 percent of the original designed capacity, each small shaft furnace is an independent unit, and the small shaft furnaces with corresponding quantity are respectively shut down and started according to the change of green hydrogen load (namely fresh hydrogen feeding quantity) caused by the fluctuation of renewable energy sources, so that the operation flexibility of the shaft furnace system reaches 10-100 percent.
The shaft furnace system of comparative example 1 has the following disadvantages compared to the shaft furnace reactor of the examples of the present application:
1. large heat loss
The surface area of the vertical furnaces with 10 small energy capacity connected in parallel is four times of the surface area of the reactor of the invention which is contacted with the outside, and meanwhile, the heat transfer among the 10 reaction zones in the vertical furnace of the invention is beneficial to maintaining the heat of the thermal stop reaction zone, so the heat loss of the vertical furnaces with 10 small energy capacity connected in parallel is larger and is about four times of the vertical furnace of the invention.
2. Slow response
Generally, the hydrogen utilization rate of the shaft furnace reactor is below 25 percent, that is, the quantity of the reducing gas of the reactor is more than 4 times of the quantity of the supplemented fresh hydrogen, the shaft furnace after the operation is stopped recovers normal production, and the hydrogen is supplemented to ensure that the reducing gas reaches the rated flow, so that more than 4 hours are needed. That is, a small shaft furnace after shutdown takes 4 more hours to recover.
The shaft furnace reactor is provided with the compressor bypass device, so that the reducing gas of the thermal shutdown reactor is left in the system in a compressed gas bypass mode, and the reducing gas can quickly reach the rated flow when the fresh hydrogen supply quantity is recovered, so that the production load of the reactor is quickly recovered.
3. Large floor area and large investment
The 10 small-capacity shaft furnaces connected in parallel have 10 sets of iron-containing raw material feeding devices, 10 sets of top gas washing devices, 10 sets of circulating gas compression devices, 10 sets of reducing gas heating devices, 10 sets of briquetting devices and 10 sets of product processing devices besides 10 sets of shaft furnaces.
One shaft furnace reactor of the present invention comprises 10 reaction zones sharing a feeding device, a top gas scrubber, a recycle gas compressor, a reducing gas heater, a briquetting device and a product treatment device.
Thus, the shaft furnace system of comparative example 1 has at least a doubling of the floor space and an increase of at least 30% in investment compared to the shaft furnace reactor of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described in detail above, but the present application is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present application within the technical idea of the present application, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiments, various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described in the present application.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present application is also possible, and the same should be considered as the content of the invention of the present application as long as it does not depart from the idea of the present application.
Claims (13)
1. A shaft furnace reactor suitable for hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction comprises a shaft furnace body, a feeding device, a discharging device, a furnace top gas treatment device and a reduced gas heating and distributing device, wherein the shaft furnace body is in a hollow cylinder form with a circular cross section, an inner cavity of the shaft furnace body is uniformly divided into n independent reaction areas through a vertical partition wall, the n reaction areas are distributed in a fan shape around a central shaft of the inner cavity of the shaft furnace body, n is an integer which is more than or equal to 4, preferably an integer which is more than or equal to 6, and more preferably an integer which is 6-10, and the feeding device, the discharging device, the furnace top gas treatment device and the reduced gas heating and distributing device are respectively communicated with each reaction area.
2. The shaft furnace reactor according to claim 1, wherein said charging means comprises a charging device, a top bin, reaction zone charging bins and reaction zone level meters, wherein said reaction zone charging bins and reaction zone level meters are in the same number and paired with said reaction zones, each reaction zone charging bin being equipped with a charging control valve, a discharging control valve and a charging bin level meter, said charging device being adapted to transport ferrous material into said top bin, each reaction zone charging bin being in communication with said top bin through a respective charging control valve to receive ferrous material from said top bin and in communication with the top of a respective reaction zone through a respective discharging control valve to feed ferrous material into the reaction zone, each reaction zone level meter being adapted to monitor the level conditions within the respective reaction zone and to control the opening of the charging control valve and the closing of the discharging control valve of the respective reaction zone charging bin according to the measured level conditions, and simultaneously, each feeding bin level meter is used for monitoring the material level condition in the corresponding reaction area feeding bin and controlling the closing of a feeding control valve and the opening of a discharging control valve of the corresponding reaction area feeding bin according to the measured material level condition.
3. The shaft furnace reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said discharge means comprises rotary dischargers in the same number and in pairs with said reaction zones and discharge surge bins, each rotary discharger communicating with the bottom of a respective reaction zone for discharging solid and liquid material from the bottom of the reaction zone into said discharge surge bins.
4. The shaft furnace reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said top gas treatment device comprises the same number of top gas control valves as said reaction zones and in one pair therewith, a top gas main pipe, a top gas scrubber and a recycle gas compressor, each top gas control valve communicating with the top of the corresponding reaction zone for discharging gaseous material at the top of the reaction zone into the top gas main pipe, said top gas main pipe communicating with said top gas scrubber for conveying said gaseous material into the top gas scrubber for scrubbing, temperature reduction and dust removal, the scrubbed gaseous material being recycled after compression in the recycle gas compressor, for example mixed with a fresh hydrogen feed to obtain a reducing gas.
5. The shaft furnace reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said reducing gas heating distribution device comprises a reducing gas heater, a main reducing gas conduit and a reaction zone reducing gas control valve, wherein said reaction zone reducing gas control valve is in the same number and paired with one of said reaction zones, and wherein a reducing gas containing hydrogen is heated by the reducing gas heater and then enters the main reducing gas conduit, and then enters the middle and lower portion of the corresponding reaction zone through the reaction zone reducing gas control valve for reduction of iron-containing raw material.
6. The shaft furnace reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising an automatic load control device, wherein said automatic load control device controls the number and position of reaction zones participating in the reaction with hydrogen direct reduced iron in said n reaction zones according to the feed amount of fresh hydrogen, and the opening and closing of a reaction zone charging bin feed control valve, a reaction zone charging bin discharge control valve, a rotary discharger, a furnace top air control valve and a reaction zone reduction air control valve corresponding to the respective reaction zones.
7. The shaft furnace reactor according to claim 6, further comprising a recycle gas compressor bypass and a compressor bypass flow regulating valve disposed on the bypass, wherein said automatic load control device is capable of controlling the opening of said compressor bypass flow regulating valve and thus the flow of gaseous material circulating through the recycle gas compressor bypass in response to the supply of fresh hydrogen.
8. Use of the shaft reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for the direct reduction of iron with hydrogen.
9. A method for direct reduction of iron with hydrogen comprising the step of performing a hydrogen direct reduction iron reaction using the shaft furnace reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the shaft furnace reactor according to claim 6 or 7 is used for performing a hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction, and the method further comprises controlling the number and positions of reaction zones participating in the hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction in the n reaction zones, and the opening and closing of reaction zone charging bin feeding control valves, reaction zone charging bin discharging control valves, rotary dischargers, furnace top control valves, and reaction zone reduction control valves corresponding to the respective reaction zones, by the automatic load control device according to the supply amount of fresh hydrogen.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of controlling with the load automation control device comprises:
I) calculating the ratio x of the fresh hydrogen feeding quantity to the fresh hydrogen quantity required by the shaft furnace reactor in full load operation, and judging which interval of (0-1/n ], (1/n-2/n ], …, ((n-2)/n- (n-1)/n ], ((n-1)/n-1) the numerical value of x falls;
II) when the numerical value of x falls in an interval ((m-1)/n-m/n), wherein m is an integer from 1 to n, controlling m reaction zones to participate in the hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction by the automatic load control device, opening rotary dischargers, furnace top air control valves and reaction zone reduction air control valves corresponding to the m reaction zones, allowing reaction zone level meters and charging bin level meters corresponding to the m reaction zones to monitor the level conditions of the corresponding reaction zones and reaction zone charging bins, and controlling the opening and closing of the corresponding feeding control valves and discharging control valves according to the measured level conditions; and
and III) closing the reaction zone feeding bin feeding control valve, the reaction zone feeding bin discharging control valve, the rotary discharger, the furnace top air control valve and the reaction zone reducing air control valve which correspond to the remaining n-m reaction zones which do not participate in the reaction through the automatic load control device.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein in step II), the m reaction zones participating in the reaction and the n-m reaction zones not participating in the reaction are controlled by the load automatic control device to be arranged in an alternating manner around the central axis of the furnace body inner cavity.
13. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the shaft furnace reactor according to claim 7 is used for hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction, the method further comprising controlling the opening of the compressor bypass flow regulating valve by the automatic load control device according to the feed of fresh hydrogen, and thereby controlling the flow of gaseous material circulating through the recycle gas compressor bypass, such that the flow of gaseous material flowing through the recycle gas compressor matches the number of reaction zones participating in the hydrogen direct reduced iron reaction.
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