CN115058250A - Method for improving soil matrix of riparian zone - Google Patents
Method for improving soil matrix of riparian zone Download PDFInfo
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/06—Calcium compounds, e.g. lime
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving a soil matrix of a riparian zone, and relates to the technical field of soil matrix improvement. The invention adds gravel, ceramsite and biochar into the riparian zone soil according to a certain proportion to obtain the improved matrix. The results show that the denitrification effect in winter in reed areas of riparian zones can be improved through matrix improvement, the content of all carbon, all nitrogen and all phosphorus in soil is increased, certain correlation exists in the soil-plant stoichiometric characteristics obtained through further analysis, the relation between the soil and the stoichiometric characteristics of stems and roots is larger, and the fact that the denitrification effect in winter in the matrix improvement riparian zones is more easily influenced by the stoichiometric characteristics of the soil compared with plants is indicated. The research result of the invention can provide scientific reference for the protection and restoration of the reed area of the riparian zone and the prevention and control of non-point source pollution, and is helpful for better understanding the biogeochemical cycle of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of the riparian zone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil matrix improvement, in particular to a method for improving a soil matrix of a riparian zone.
Background
The riparian zone is a transition area between a land ecosystem and an aquatic ecosystem, can effectively intercept the pollutants in the land area from entering a water body, and is an important barrier of a land-water interface. In recent years, excessive active nitrogen enters a catchment water body through runoff and leakage processes due to excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer, so that water body eutrophication is caused. The riparian zone can control the migration of nitrogen to water through the comprehensive action of soil, plant and microorganism, and plays a key role in controlling nitrogen non-point source pollution.
The reed (Phragmitis australis) is one of the main plants of the wetland ecosystem, has strong adaptability and wide ecological domain, and is widely distributed in the global bank. The denitrification efficiency of the reed wetland is high, and the denitrification efficiency can be obviously reduced in winter; researches show that more runoff total nitrogen loss exists in winter wheat seasons than in rice seasons, so that nitrogen non-point source pollution generated in winter cannot be ignored. The soil matrix is an important component of the riparian zone and is a carrier for plant growth, nitrogen can be intercepted through the effects of adsorption, precipitation, ion exchange and the like, the soil matrix is improved by adding different matrixes, the pollutant removal effect of the matrix can be increased, the matrix environmental conditions required by plant growth can be optimized, and the winter denitrification effect of a reed area of the riparian zone can be improved. In addition, soil-plants as a major component of the riparian zone may have their ecological stoichiometric characteristics (C, N, P content and C/N, N/P, C/P ratio) affected by nitrogen source pollution, resulting in changes in the relationships and ratios of the elements among the components, and also affecting the efficiency of denitrification and nutrient circulation in the riparian zone. Previous studies on substrate improvement are mostly from the viewpoint of pollutant removal effect, and the nutrient distribution of the whole system and the difference and interaction of soil-plant stoichiometric characteristics are not fully considered. Therefore, the influence of the matrix improvement on the denitrification effect of reed areas in the riparian zone in winter and the change of the stoichiometric characteristics of the soil-plant CNP are discussed, so that the biological geochemical cycle of the riparian zone CNP can be better understood, and a scientific reference is provided for repairing and protecting the riparian zone.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving a riparian zone soil matrix, which is characterized in that efficient, easily-obtained and safe gravel, ceramsite and biochar matrix are added into riparian zone soil, so that the advantages of complementary effect between matrix combinations and synergistic effect between plants and microorganisms are effectively exerted, the riparian zone soil matrix environment is improved, and the denitrification effect of the riparian zone in winter can be effectively improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for improving a soil matrix of a riparian zone, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing soil of the riparian zone into gravels and/or ceramsite according to the volume ratio of 1: 0.5-2, and uniformly mixing 30-40% by volume of biochar into a soil layer of 20-30 cm.
In the invention, the vegetation community of the riverbank zone is reed.
In the invention, the biochar comprises one or more of corn stalk carbon, peanut shell carbon, corncob carbon and coconut shell carbon.
In the invention, the particle size of the gravel and/or the ceramsite is 1-2 cm.
In the invention, the particle size of the biochar is 2-4 mm.
In the invention, the ceramsite comprises modified ceramsite.
In the invention, the modified ceramsite comprises TiO 2 、SiO 2 、CaO、Al 2 O 3 One or more of them.
In the invention, the improvement comprises the improvement of the removal rate of the total nitrogen content, the removal rate of ammonium nitrogen and the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen in the water body of the riparian zone; the total carbon content, the total nitrogen content and the total phosphorus content of the wetland soil are improved, and the carbon-phosphorus ratio and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio are reduced; the carbon content of the roots and the nitrogen content of the leaves of the vegetation in the riverside zones are improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) compared with the contrast, the matrix improvement treatment can effectively improve the winter denitrification effect of the reed area of the riparian zone, wherein the average removal rate of the total nitrogen content in the water body of the riparian zone is improved by 0.8-9.0 percent, and NH is added 4 + The average removal rate of-N is improved by 6.1 percent～9.0％，NO 3 - The average removal rate of-N is improved by 10.5 to 13.0 percent.
(2) Compared with the control, the matrix improvement treatment increases the total carbon content and the total phosphorus content of the soil, and the treatment differences of the gravel, the gravel and the biochar and the improved ceramsite and the biochar are obvious (P is less than 0.05), which indicates that the matrix improvement can increase the total carbon content and the total phosphorus content of the soil. The total nitrogen content of the soil is increased through the matrix improvement treatment, the treatment difference of the added gravel and the biochar is obvious (P is less than 0.05), the effective accumulation of nitrogen is increased, and the matrix improvement can increase the effective adsorption of the soil and improve the buffering capacity of the soil.
(3) The soil C/P ratio is an important index for representing the P effectiveness, and the lower the C/P ratio is, the higher the P effectiveness is; the soil N/P ratio is a prediction factor of nutrient limitation and is also an important index for judging N saturation. Compared with the soil matrix, the C/P and N/P ratios of the soil subjected to the matrix improvement treatment are both reduced, and the treatment by adding the gravels is obvious in difference (P <0.05), which shows that the P effectiveness in the soil subjected to the matrix improvement treatment is relatively high, still shows N limitation, and can be subjected to higher nitrogen concentration in the water body of the nano riparian zone.
(4) The ceramsite and the biochar are added into the matrix, the modified ceramsite and the biochar have the effect of promoting the growth of plants, and the absorption amount of C and N is relatively large.
(5) According to the invention, the soil-plant ecological stoichiometric characteristics of the improved substrate are analyzed, and the result shows that certain correlation exists among the soil-plant stoichiometric characteristics, and the relationship among the soil, the stems and the roots is larger; compared with plants, the substrate improvement ensures that the denitrification effect of the reed area in the riparian zone in winter is more easily influenced by the soil stoichiometric characteristics. The research result can provide scientific reference for the protection and restoration of reed areas in riparian zones and the prevention and control of non-point source pollution, and is favorable for better understanding of biogeochemical cycle of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in riparian zones.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental device for simulating a reed wetland in a riparian zone;
FIG. 2 shows TN and NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N water in and out concentration profiles;
FIG. 3 shows TN and NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N removal rate map;
FIG. 4 is a graph of TC, TN and TP contents of soil;
FIG. 5 is a graph of soil CNP stoichiometry;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the content of individual organs C, N, P of a plant;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the stoichiometry of various plant organs C, N, P;
fig. 8 is a graph of the correlation of the stoichiometric characteristics of soil-plant C, N, P, where S-TC: the total carbon content of soil, S-TN: total nitrogen content of soil, S-TP: the total phosphorus content of the soil, S-C/N: soil carbon nitrogen ratio, S-C/P: soil carbon-phosphorus ratio, S-N/P: soil nitrogen-phosphorus ratio, L-C: leaf carbon content, L-N: leaf nitrogen content, L-P: phosphorus content of leaves, L-C/N: blade carbon-nitrogen ratio, L-C/P: blade carbon-phosphorus ratio, L-N/P: leaf nitrogen-phosphorus ratio, St-C: stem carbon content, St-N: stem nitrogen content, St-P: stem phosphorus content, St-C/N: stem carbon to nitrogen ratio, St-C/P: stem carbon-to-phosphorus ratio, St-N/P: stem nitrogen-phosphorus ratio, R-C: root carbon content, R-N: root nitrogen content, R-P: root phosphorus content, R-C/N: root carbon to nitrogen ratio, R-C/P: root carbon-phosphorus ratio, R-N/P: root nitrogen to phosphorus ratio;
FIG. 9 is an RDA analysis chart of water quality factor and soil-plant stoichiometric characteristics with wetland denitrification effect, wherein r (TN): wet land TN removal rate, r (NH) 4 + -N): wetland NH 4 + -N removal rate, r (NO) 3 - -N): wetland NO 3 - -N removal rate.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving a soil matrix of a riparian zone, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing soil of the riparian zone into gravels and/or ceramsite according to the volume ratio of 1: 0.5-2, and uniformly mixing 30-40% by volume of biochar into a soil layer of 20-30 cm. Preferably, the riparian zone soil is uniformly mixed with gravel and/or ceramsite according to the volume ratio of 1: 0.8-1; preferably, the biochar with the volume of 32-38% is uniformly mixed in the soil layer with the thickness of 22-26 cm. The soil matrix is used as an important component of the riparian zone wetland, and can cooperate with the interaction of plants, microorganisms and the like to jointly generate important influence on the migration and transformation of nitrogen in the riparian zone, but only a single matrix is used, so that the removal requirement of pollutants at the present stage can not be met. In the invention, the sources of the gravel, the ceramsite and the biochar are not particularly limited, and the gravels, the ceramsite and the biochar are all commercially available products.
In the invention, the vegetation community of the riverbank zone is reed. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the basic physicochemical property of the riparian zone soil is organic carbon 7.3 g.kg -1 Total nitrogen 0.4 g.kg -1 0.6 g/kg of total phosphorus -1 ，pH 7.0。
In the invention, the biochar comprises one or more of corn stalk carbon, peanut shell carbon, corncob carbon and coconut shell carbon. According to the invention, the uniform mixing of the biochar in the soil layer of 20-30 cm can further improve the denitrification efficiency of the wetland, and the biochar can be used for treating NH 4 + The adsorption effect of the-N is good, and a carbon source is provided for microbial denitrification. Meanwhile, the treatment of adding the biochar is beneficial to the fixation of plant roots C and the absorption of plant N.
In the invention, the particle size of the gravel and/or the ceramsite is 1-2 cm. In the invention, the gravel and/or ceramsite matrix is added to increase the permeability of the matrix, so that the water transfer process in the matrix and the microenvironment for plant root system-microorganism growth are influenced, and the denitrification effect of the riparian zone is indirectly influenced; in addition, the irregular geometric shape of the gravel and/or the ceramsite increases the complex structure of the microenvironment, and the plant root-microorganism function is more effectively exerted.
In the invention, the particle size of the biochar is 2-4 mm.
In the invention, the ceramsite comprises modified ceramsite. In the invention, the modified ceramsite is added to promote the growth of plants. The source of the modified ceramsite is not particularly limited, but in a specific embodiment of the invention, the modified ceramsite is purchased from some scientific and technological company in the west, and the modified ceramsite is composed of a silicon-titanium super material and a silicon-titanium super material composite material.
In the invention, the modified ceramsite comprises TiO 2 、SiO 2 、CaO、Al 2 O 3 One or more of them.
In the invention, the improvement comprises improving the removal rate of the total nitrogen content, the removal rate of ammonium nitrogen and the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen in the water of the riparian zone; the total carbon content, the total nitrogen content and the total phosphorus content of the wetland soil are improved, and the carbon-phosphorus ratio and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio are reduced; the carbon content of the roots and the nitrogen content of the leaves of the vegetation in the riverside zones are improved. In the invention, the average removal rate of the total nitrogen content of the water in the riparian zone is improved by 0.8-9.0%, the average removal rate of ammonium nitrogen is improved by 6.1-9.0%, and the average removal rate of nitrate nitrogen is improved by 10.5-13.0%, which shows that the improvement of the matrix can effectively improve the denitrification effect in winter in the reed zone of the riparian zone.
The content of C, N, P in soil and the stoichiometric ratio thereof are important indexes for representing the soil quality and nutrient balance, and have important significance on the carbon nitrogen phosphorus cycle. In the invention, the substrate improvement treatment increases the total carbon content and the total phosphorus content of the soil, which shows that the substrate improvement can increase the accumulation of the total carbon content and the total phosphorus content of the soil; the matrix improvement treatment also increases the total nitrogen content of the soil and increases the effective accumulation of nitrogen, which shows that the matrix improvement can increase the effective adsorption of the soil and improve the buffer capacity of the soil.
The soil C/P ratio is an important index for representing the P effectiveness, and the lower the C/P ratio is, the higher the P effectiveness is; the N/P ratio of the soil is a prediction factor of nutrient limitation and is also an important index for judging N saturation. In the invention, the C/P and N/P ratios of the soil subjected to matrix improvement treatment are both in a decreasing trend, which shows that the P effectiveness in the soil subjected to matrix improvement treatment is relatively high, and the N limitation still exists, so that the soil can be subjected to higher nitrogen concentration in the inlet water of the wetland.
C, N, P is an important nutrient element for the growth and development of plants, wherein C is an essential element for the dry matter composition of the plants, and N and P are one of important indexes reflecting the growth conditions of the plants; the plant CNP ratio reflects the adaptive mechanism and characteristics of the plant CNP to the environment, and the stoichiometric ratio of different organs can also reflect the distribution and the mutual relationship of the internal stability of the organs and elements in different organs, thereby playing an important role in predicting the change of an ecosystem. In the invention, the C, N, P content in the plant leaves and roots is changed by improving the matrix, the carbon content of the roots is mainly increased, which shows that the carbon fixation of the roots is more facilitated by adding the biochar in the matrix; in addition, the gravel + biochar treatment significantly increased leaf nitrogen content.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Experiments are carried out in a manner of simulating a reed wetland in a riparian zone in a subtropical area, 20 pot culture devices with the same structure are constructed, the pot culture devices are in a cylinder shape with the diameter of 30cm and the height of 50cm, and a water outlet is arranged at a position 45cm from the bottom to the top of the pot and used for keeping a fixed water level. In order to facilitate the determination of the in-situ water quality index in the system and the pumping of water, a perforated pipe with the inner diameter of 5cm is vertically arranged at the center of the device.
The riparian zone soil was mixed evenly with gravel in a volume ratio of 1:1, and biochar in a volume of 33.3% was mixed evenly in a 20cm soil layer, and 4 repetitions were set. Planting plants while filling the matrix, namely selecting reed seedlings with similar growth vigor in 6 months in 2019, transplanting the reed seedlings into the device, wherein the initial planting density is 2 plants per pot -1 The reed is cultured in the device, and each pot of plants grow stably when the experiment is started.
The simulated wetland is established and operated in a comprehensive test base (30 degrees 53 'N and 121 degrees 23' E) of a village and a village of agricultural science colleges in Shanghai city, and after the system is stable for at least 4 months, the experiment is formally started, the time is from the end of 10 months in 2019 to the end of 3 months in 2020, and the whole winter is covered. The system is used for feeding water once a week, the water feeding is finished at about 10 am, the water quality index inside the system is measured in situ in the perforated pipe before water feeding is finished each time, water in the device is pumped out, a water sample is taken, and then the next water feeding is carried out. After the operation is finished, destructive sampling is carried out on the device, and simultaneously, the plants (leaves, stems and roots) and soil samples in the matrix are collected to measure the content of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is: the riparian zone soil is evenly mixed into the ceramsite according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and the rest steps are the same as those in the example 1.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is: the riparian zone soil is evenly mixed into the modified ceramsite according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and the rest steps are the same as those in the example 1.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is: the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the riparian zone soil was uniformly mixed with the gravel at a volume ratio of 1:0.5 and a 30% by volume of biochar was uniformly mixed into a soil layer of 20 cm.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is: the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the riparian zone soil was uniformly mixed with the gravel at a volume ratio of 1:2 and 40% by volume of the biochar was uniformly mixed in the soil layer of 20 cm.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is: the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the riparian zone soil was mixed uniformly with the gravel at a volume ratio of 1:1 and biochar at a volume of 33.3% was mixed uniformly in a 25cm soil layer.
Example 7
The difference from example 1 is: the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the riparian zone soil was uniformly mixed with the gravel at a volume ratio of 1:1 and biochar at a volume of 33.3% was uniformly mixed in a 30cm soil layer.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is: the riparian zone soil was not mixed with any substrate, and the remaining procedure was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is: uniformly mixing the riparian zone soil into gravel according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding no biochar into a soil layer of 20-30 cm, and carrying out the same steps as in example 1.
Example 8
The measuring index and method are as follows:
measuring basic water quality indexes including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, total dissolved solids and conductivity in the system on site by using a portable multi-parameter water quality tester (HI9829, HANNA, Italy); the Total Nitrogen (TN) concentration of the water body is measured by adopting a potassium persulfate oxidation method; NH (NH) 4 + -N and NO 3 - The N concentration was determined using a flow analyser (AA3, Seal, Germany).
The total carbon and nitrogen contents of the soil were measured using an elemental analyzer (Vario EL cube, Elementar, germany); the total phosphorus content is determined by a perchloric acid-sulfuric acid method.
Deactivating enzymes of plant leaves, stems and roots in an oven, drying to constant weight, and weighing plant biomass; the carbon and nitrogen contents were measured using an elemental analyzer (Vario EL cube, Elementar, germany); the phosphorus content is determined by molybdenum-antimony colorimetry.
Data statistics and analysis software:
the data was processed using IBM SPSS 22.0 software, single factor analysis of variance (one way anova) and significance of difference test (Duncan, P < 0.05); drawing by adopting SigmaPlot 12.5 software, wherein the data in the graph is the mean value plus or minus standard deviation; mapping a Pearson correlation heat map using R4.1.1; redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed using the canoco5.0 software.
And (3) carrying out the results and analysis of the denitrification effect in winter in the reed area of the riparian zone:
as can be seen from FIG. 2, the total nitrogen concentration of the inlet water of the system during the experiment is 5.8-20.7 mg.L -1 ，NH 4 + -N concentration 0.3-14.4 mg.L -1 ，NO 3 -N concentration of 0.1 to 1.2 mg.L -1 The fluctuation of the water inlet concentration is relatively large, the water outlet concentration is obviously reduced, and the water outlet concentration is kept at a lower level and is relatively stable.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, TN and NH were measured during the experiment 4 + The N removal rate is different between treatments (P)<0.05), and NO 3 - the-N removal rate difference is not significant (P)>0.05). From the viewpoint of TN average removal rate, example 1 (shown by the abscissa DS 3) was 97.2% at the highest and was relatively most stable; next, example 2 (cross)Coordinate DS 4) is 94.2%; comparative example 1 (shown on the abscissa DS 1) was relatively low and unstable at 88.3%, which differed significantly from example 1 (P)<0.05). From NH 4 + From the average removal of-N, example 1 was relatively high and stable at 97.9%; secondly 95.3% for example 2 and 95.1% for example 3 (shown on the abscissa DS 5); comparative example 1 was 89.0% relatively lowest and unstable, with a significant difference from example 1 (P)<0.05). From NO 3 - From the N mean removal rate, although the inter-treatment differences were not significant (P)>0.05), but examples 1-3 all had higher removal rates and were relatively stable than comparative example 1.
Compared with comparative example 1, the TN average removal rates of comparative example 2 (shown by the abscissa DS 2), example 1, example 2 and example 3 were respectively 5.5%, 8.9%, 5.9%, 0.8%, and NH 4 + The average removal rates of-N and NO are respectively 8.3%, 8.9%, 6.4% and 6.1% 3 - The average removal rate of-N is respectively higher than 13.0%, 12.5%, 11.4% and 10.5%.
As can be seen from Table 1, the T and DO levels of the water within the various treatment systems are not very different, while the pH, ORP, EC and TDS are all inter-treatment differences. The pH of comparative example 2 and examples 1-3 were significantly higher than comparative example 1(P <0.05), with the difference between examples 1 and 3 and comparative example 2 and 2 also being significant (P < 0.05). Compared to comparative example 1, the ORP of examples 1-3 was significantly reduced (P <0.05), while both EC and TDS were significantly increased (P <0.05), with the same inter-process trends.
TABLE 1 internal in-situ Water quality index
And (3) analyzing a soil stoichiometric characteristic result:
as can be seen from the soil nutrient (TC, TN, TP) contents in fig. 4, the soil TC contents of comparative example 2 (shown by the abscissa DS 2) and examples 1 to 3 (shown by the abscissas DS3 to DS 5) both have an increasing tendency as compared with comparative example 1 (shown by the abscissa DS 1), the increase of example 3 is relatively largest (P <0.05), and example 1 has a significant difference (P < 0.05); the TN content of the soil tends to increase in the comparative example 2 and the examples 1 to 3, the difference between the example 1 and the comparative example 1 is remarkable (P <0.05), and the change of the example 3 is not large; the TP content of the soil tends to increase in comparative example 2 and examples 1 to 3, the increase in example 3 is relatively maximal (P <0.05), and the difference in example 1 is significant (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from the soil CNP stoichiometric ratio in FIG. 5, the soil C/N ratio of example 3 (shown by the abscissa DS 5) is significantly increased (P <0.05) compared to that of comparative example 1 (shown by the abscissa DS 1), and examples 1-2 (shown by the abscissas DS 3-DS 4) are not changed much; the soil C/P and N/P ratios of the examples 1-3 both tend to decrease, and the soil N/P ratio of the example 3 is remarkably different from DS 1(P < 0.05).
And (3) analyzing a plant chemometric characteristic result:
as can be seen from figure 6, the nutrient (C, N, P) content of each organ of reed, the stem C, N, P content was not significantly different between treatments (P >0.05) compared to leaves and roots. The root C content varied relatively more between treatments than the leaves and stems, and examples 1 to 3 (shown by abscissas DS3 to DS 5) all increased the root C content significantly (P <0.05) compared to comparative example 1 (shown by abscissas DS 1), while the leaf C content of example 1 decreased significantly (P < 0.05); the leaf N content was higher than that of the stem and root, and the leaf N content of example 1 was significantly increased (P <0.05), and the root N content of examples 2 and 3 was significantly increased (P <0.05) compared to the comparative example; in addition to the significant decrease in leaf P content (P <0.05) of comparative example 2 (shown on abscissa DS 2), the P content trended as leaf > root > stem in each organ.
As can be seen from the CNP stoichiometric ratio of each organ of reed in FIG. 7, the C/N, C/P and N/P ratios of stem and root were not significantly different between treatments (P > 0.05). The leaf C/N ratio (14.8) of example 1 was significantly reduced (P <0.05) compared to the leaf of comparative example 1 (C/N21.3, C/P361.7, N/P16.9), while the leaf C/P ratio (660.8) and N/P ratio (28.6) of comparative example 2 were significantly increased (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from Table 2, the nutrient distribution of the plants in the system was calculated from the biomass and the content of C, N, P in each plant organ, and each index showed a higher amount of underground parts than above ground parts or was substantially equivalent. From the average value of the total biomass, compared with the comparative example 1, the example 1 is in a decreasing trend, the examples 2 to 3 are in an increasing trend, and the difference of the example 1 is obvious (P <0.05), mainly the influence of the obvious reduction of the stem biomass. The inter-treatment trend of the total amount of plant C in the system was consistent with the biomass trend, but the difference was not significant (P >0.05) compared to comparative example 1. The inter-treatment trend of the total amount of plant N in the system was also consistent with the biomass trend, and the difference between examples 2 and 3 was at a significant level (P <0.05), and the leaf, stem, and root C amount of example 2 was increased (P <0.05), while the leaf and root C amount of example 3 was significantly increased, but the stem C amount was significantly decreased (P <0.05) compared to comparative example 1. The total amount of plant P in examples 1-3 and comparative example 2 was reduced compared to comparative example 1, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05).
TABLE 2 nutrient distribution of plants in the System (unit: g.pot) -1 )
Soil-plant chemometric signature correlation analysis:
CNP chemometric features can be used as an effective tool to analyze coupling relationships and differences between elements in soil-plant systems. The correlation between the nutrient content and the stoichiometric ratio of each component of the soil, leaves, stems and roots is greater according to the Pearson correlation analysis between the stoichiometric characteristics of the soil and each organ of the plant in FIG. 8. Between soil and plants, soil TC content is only related to root C content (R ═ 0.54, P < 0.05); the soil TN content is positively correlated with the N content of the stems and roots, and is negatively correlated with the C/N ratio of the stems and roots (P < 0.05); the correlation between the TP content and the C/P ratio of the soil and the stoichiometric characteristics of each organ of the plant is small (P is more than 0.05); the soil C/N ratio is mainly related to the stoichiometric characteristics of the stems, is in negative correlation with the N and P contents of the stems, and is in positive correlation with the C/N and C/P ratios (P < 0.05); the soil N/P ratio is also mainly related to stems, is positively related to N content, and is negatively related to C/N ratio (P < 0.05).
The plant organs only have the correlation between the stoichiometric characteristics of roots and leaves, the content of C in the roots is positively correlated with the content of P in the leaves (P <0.05), and is negatively correlated with the C/P and N/P ratio of the leaves (P < 0.01); the root C/P ratio is inversely related to the leaf N/P ratio (P < 0.05).
According to RDA analysis in figure 9, the temperature and pH in the water quality factor have influence on the change of the denitrification efficiency of the wetland during the experiment, the temperature is in negative correlation, and the pH is in positive correlation; generally, the higher the temperature is, the better the wetland denitrification effect in winter is, in the invention, the temperature difference between the treatments of the embodiments is not large, which indicates that the substrate improvement is not to improve the wetland denitrification effect in winter by influencing the temperature; the pH of the system subjected to matrix improvement treatment is obviously increased, and the research of the invention shows that the higher the pH in a certain range at low temperature is, the better the denitrification effect is; under the condition of pH partial alkali, if enough NH exists 4 + N and good aeration conditions, NH 4 + N can be rapidly converted to NO by nitration 3 - N, which indicates that the increase of the pH can be an important factor for improving the denitrification effect of the wetland by improving the substrate.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for improving the soil matrix of the riparian zone is characterized in that the soil of the riparian zone is uniformly mixed into gravels and/or ceramsite according to the volume ratio of 1: 0.5-2, and 30-40% by volume of biochar is uniformly mixed into a soil layer of 20-30 cm in thickness.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the population of vegetation in the riverside is reed.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the biochar comprises one or more of corn stover carbon, peanut shell carbon, corn cob carbon, and coconut shell carbon.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gravel and/or ceramsite has a particle size of 1-2 cm.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the biochar has a particle size of 2 to 4 mm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the ceramsite comprises a modified ceramsite.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the modified ceramsite comprises TiO 2 、SiO 2 、CaO、Al 2 O 3 One or more of them.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the improvement comprises increasing the removal of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen from the water in the riparian zone; the total carbon content, the total nitrogen content and the total phosphorus content of the wetland soil are improved, and the carbon-phosphorus ratio and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio are reduced; the carbon content of the roots and the nitrogen content of the leaves of the vegetation in the riverside zones are improved.
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