CN115057782A - Method for preparing parachloroaniline by hydrogenating parachloronitrobenzene - Google Patents

Method for preparing parachloroaniline by hydrogenating parachloronitrobenzene Download PDF

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CN115057782A
CN115057782A CN202210584788.XA CN202210584788A CN115057782A CN 115057782 A CN115057782 A CN 115057782A CN 202210584788 A CN202210584788 A CN 202210584788A CN 115057782 A CN115057782 A CN 115057782A
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CN115057782B (en
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杨晓瑞
李乐易
金爽
孙姚瑶
黎晓彤
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Nanjing Tech University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C209/30—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds
    • C07C209/32—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups
    • C07C209/36—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst
    • C07C209/365—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst by reduction with preservation of halogen-atoms in compounds containing nitro groups and halogen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
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    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/1691—Coordination polymers, e.g. metal-organic frameworks [MOF]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/22—Organic complexes
    • B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
    • B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
    • B01J31/2213—At least two complexing oxygen atoms present in an at least bidentate or bridging ligand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
    • B01J2231/64—Reductions in general of organic substrates, e.g. hydride reductions or hydrogenations
    • B01J2231/641—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
    • B01J2531/821—Ruthenium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
    • B01J2531/822—Rhodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
    • B01J2531/824—Palladium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
    • B01J2531/828—Platinum
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing parachloroaniline by hydrogenating parachloronitrobenzene, which adopts a modified polymer complex noble metal catalyst to carry out hydrogenation reaction on the parachloronitrobenzene and hydrogen to obtain the parachloroaniline; the modified polymer complex noble metal catalyst is prepared by the following method: adding divinylbenzene and benzoyl peroxide into a solution of a styrene monomer and a maleic anhydride monomer, uniformly mixing to obtain a polymerization solution, and then soaking a carrier in the polymerization solution; and taking out the carrier, controlling the temperature to enable the polymer to be polymerized on the surface of the carrier, then aminolysis and neutralization to obtain the polymer carrier, placing the polymer carrier in a solution of noble metal salt, carrying out a matching reaction, and then carrying out a reduction reaction in hydrogen to obtain the polymer carrier. The selectivity of p-chloroaniline reaches 100% by adopting the method of the invention.

Description

Method for preparing parachloroaniline by hydrogenating parachloronitrobenzene
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of catalytic hydrogenation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing parachloroaniline by catalyzing parachloronitrobenzene to hydrogenate by adopting a modified polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex noble metal catalyst.
Background
Parachloroaniline is an important chemical intermediate and is widely applied to the industries of pesticides, dyes, medicines and the like. The main preparation methods at present comprise iron powder reduction, sodium sulfide reduction, hydrazine hydrate reduction, catalytic hydrogenation reduction and the like. The traditional iron powder reduction method has the problems of large iron powder consumption, difficult treatment of byproduct iron mud, difficult product separation, environmental pollution and the like. The sodium sulfide reduction method has the problems of high catalyst price, low product yield, environmental pollution caused by waste water and the like. The hydrazine hydrate reduction method has the problems of high price, high toxicity, flammability, explosiveness and the like of hydrazine hydrate. The catalytic hydrogenation reduction method overcomes the defects of the traditional method, and has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, less waste gas and waste water discharge, good product purity, easy product separation, recyclable catalyst and the like.
The catalyst commonly used in the catalytic reduction method includes a nickel-based catalyst, an amorphous alloy catalyst, a noble metal catalyst, and the like. The preparation process of the amorphous alloy catalyst is complex, the nickel-based catalyst is easy to deactivate, and the activity of the noble metal catalyst is high. Dechlorination generally occurs in the hydrogenation reduction process, and in order to prevent dechlorination and improve the selectivity of a product, the performance of the catalyst needs to be modified. CN102199094A discloses a production method of p-chloroaniline catalyzed by a nickel-aluminum alloy, wherein the yield of the obtained p-chloroaniline is 97.76%. Patent CN102091622A discloses a method for catalyzing hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene by amorphous alloy NiB, the conversion rate of chloronitrobenzene is above 99%, and the dechlorination rate is below 4%. CN102351714A discloses a method for preparing p-chloroaniline by catalyzing p-chloronitrobenzene with a modified skeleton nickel catalyst, wherein the obtained reaction conversion rate is 99.9%, and the selectivity is more than or equal to 98%. Patent CN 101745382A discloses a preparation method of an attapulgite loaded Pt catalyst and a process for synthesizing p-chloroaniline by catalyzing p-chloronitrobenzene through hydrogenation, and successfully realizes that the selectivity of the p-chloroaniline is 100%.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a modified polystyrene maleic anhydride complex noble metal catalyst, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in p-chloronitrobenzene hydrogenation reaction, wherein the p-chloronitrobenzene can be efficiently hydrogenated under the action of the catalyst, the conversion rate of the p-chloronitrobenzene reaches 99.9%, and the selectivity reaches 100%.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for preparing parachloroaniline by hydrogenating parachloronitrobenzene adopts a modified polymer complex noble metal catalyst to carry out hydrogenation reaction on the parachloronitrobenzene and hydrogen to obtain the parachloroaniline;
the modified polymer complex noble metal catalyst is prepared by the following method:
(1) adding divinylbenzene and benzoyl peroxide into a solution of a styrene monomer and a maleic anhydride monomer, uniformly mixing to obtain a polymerization solution, and then soaking a carrier in the polymerization solution;
(2) taking out the soaked carrier, controlling the temperature to enable the polymer to be polymerized on the surface of the carrier, and then aminolysis neutralizing to obtain the polymer carrier;
(3) and (3) placing the polymer carrier in a solution of noble metal salt, carrying out a complex reaction, and then carrying out a reduction reaction in hydrogen to obtain the polymer carrier.
In order to further reduce the dechlorination rate of the reaction, the preparation method of the modified polymer complex noble metal catalyst further comprises the following steps:
(4) reacting the catalyst obtained in the step (3) in a morpholine solution; preferably, the reaction condition is that the mixture is kept stand for 1-16 h at 45-78 ℃.
Preferably, in the method for preparing p-chloroaniline, the concentration of p-chloronitrobenzene is 1 g/L-500 g/L, preferably 10 g/L-50 g/L, and most preferably 15 g/L-30 g/L.
Preferably, the temperature of the hydrogenation reaction is 30-100 ℃, the pressure of hydrogen of the hydrogenation reaction is 0.1-6.0 Mpa, and the reaction time is 0.5-8 h. Wherein, the optimal reaction temperature is 80 ℃, the optimal reaction pressure is 2.0 Mpa, and the optimal reaction time is 3 h.
Preferably, the hydrogenation reaction is carried out under stirring, and the preferred stirring speed is 100-1200 r/min. Wherein the optimal reaction stirring speed is 600 r/min.
Preferably, the carrier in step (1) is one or more of activated carbon, alumina, magnesia, zinc oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, silicon oxide or zirconium oxide.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the styrene monomer to the maleic anhydride monomer in the step (1) is 1: 1-1: 4.
Preferably, the solvent of the solution of styrene monomer and maleic anhydride monomer in step (1) is benzene.
Preferably, in the solution of the styrene monomer and the maleic anhydride monomer in the step (1), the mass ratio of the maleic anhydride monomer to the solvent is 1: 1-1: 4.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the divinylbenzene to the maleic anhydride monomer in the step (1) is 0.1-0.5: 1.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the benzoyl peroxide to the maleic anhydride monomer in the step (1) is 0.001: 1.
Preferably, the soaking time in the step (1) is 0.5-6 h.
Preferably, the polymerization temperature in the step (2) is 60-120 ℃, and the time is 1-12 h.
Preferably, the temperature of the ammonolysis in the step (2) is 45-60 ℃, and the time is 0.5-5 h.
Preferably, the solvent of the solution of the noble metal salt in step (3) is ethanol.
Preferably, the noble metal salt in step (3) is one or more of ruthenium chloride, rhodium chloride, palladium chloride or platinum chloride, and more preferably a mixture of palladium chloride and platinum chloride.
Preferably, the amount of the noble metal salt in the step (3) is 0.1% -10% of the mass of the polymer carrier.
Preferably, the temperature of the coordination reaction in the step (3) is 78 ℃ and the time is 2-16 h.
Preferably, the temperature of the reduction reaction in the step (3) is 200-450 ℃, the hydrogen pressure is 0.1-4 MPa, and the time is 0-8 h.
Preferably, the solvent of the morpholine solution in the step (4) is ethanol, and the mass concentration of the morpholine is 0.1% -15%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the modified polymer complex metal catalyst is used for hydrogenation to prepare parachloroaniline, and has the advantages of high catalytic activity, difficult loss of active components, difficult inactivation and cyclic utilization for many times. The process does not produce three wastes, and is an environment-friendly process. Can fully inhibit the dechlorination phenomenon in the p-chloronitrobenzene hydrogenation process, and the obtained product has high quality and good quality.
Detailed Description
The present description will be explained in more detail below by way of examples, which do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Firstly, 10g of styrene monomer and 10g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 15g of solvent benzene is added, then 1g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the alumina carrier is soaked in the polymerization solution for 4 hours, and then the polymerization solution is put into an oven to be subjected to temperature programming, wherein the temperature of the drying solution is 80 ℃ and is kept for 2 hours, the temperature of the drying solution is 90 ℃ and is kept for 2 hours, the temperature of the drying solution is 110 ℃ and is kept for 2 hours, and the temperature of the drying solution is 120 ℃ and is kept for 2 hours, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the carrier loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, carrying out ammonolysis for 2h at 55 ℃, neutralizing, placing the polymer carrier obtained after ammonolysis in a palladium chloride and platinum chloride ethanol solution, wherein the total amount of the palladium chloride and the platinum chloride is 0.5 percent of the carrier mass, refluxing for 12h at 78 ℃, reducing for 4 h at 250 ℃ and under the hydrogen pressure of 4 MPa to obtain a polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex palladium-platinum catalyst with reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in a morpholine ethanol solution at 78 ℃ and the morphine concentration of 10 percent, and standing for 10 h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer complex palladium-platinum catalyst.
Evaluation of catalyst Performance: the dosage of the modified polymer complex palladium catalyst is 1g, the concentration of the modified polymer complex palladium catalyst is 20 g/L, the concentration of the modified polymer complex palladium catalyst is 50mL, the reaction temperature is 80 ℃, the reaction pressure is 2 MPa, the stirring revolution is 600 rpm, and the reaction time is 3 h. After the reaction is finished, sampling, measuring and analyzing to obtain that the conversion rate of the p-chloronitrobenzene is 99.9 percent and the selectivity of the p-chloroaniline is 100 percent. After the catalyst is recycled for 20 times, the conversion rate of p-chloronitrobenzene is 99.7 percent, the selectivity of p-chloroaniline is 100 percent, and the activity of the catalyst is not obviously reduced.
Example 2
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 20g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 30g of solvent benzene is added, then 2g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the magnesium oxide carrier is soaked in the polymerization liquid for 1 hour, and the mixture is put into an oven to be subjected to temperature programming, wherein the temperature is 70 ℃ and is kept for 2 hours, the temperature is 80 ℃ and is kept for 2 hours, and the temperature is 120 ℃ and is kept for 2 hours, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the carrier loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, carrying out ammonolysis for 1h at 50 ℃, neutralizing, placing the polymer carrier obtained after ammonolysis in a platinum chloride ethanol solution, wherein the amount of platinum chloride is 0.5 percent of the mass of the carrier, refluxing for 4 h at 78 ℃, reducing for 3 h at 300 ℃ and under 1 MPa of hydrogen pressure to obtain the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex platinum catalyst with reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in a morpholine ethanol solution at 60 ℃ with the mass concentration of morphine forest of 5 percent, and standing for 5 h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer complex platinum catalyst. Evaluation of catalyst Performance As in example 1, the conversion of p-chloronitrobenzene was 58.1% and the selectivity to chloroaniline was 100%.
Example 3
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 30g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 40g of solvent benzene is added, then 3g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, a zinc oxide carrier is soaked in the polymerization liquid for 1 hour, the zinc oxide carrier is placed in an oven for temperature programming, the temperature is 80 ℃ and is kept for 2 hours, the temperature is 90 ℃ and is kept for 2 hours, and the temperature is 110 ℃ and is kept for 2 hours, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the carrier loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, carrying out ammonolysis for 2h at 55 ℃, neutralizing, placing the polymer carrier obtained after ammonolysis in a ruthenium chloride ethanol solution, wherein the amount of ruthenium chloride is 2.5% of the mass of the carrier, refluxing for 5 h at 78 ℃, reducing for 4 h at 250 ℃ and under the hydrogen pressure of 2 MPa to obtain the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex ruthenium catalyst with reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in a morpholine ethanol solution at 60 ℃ and the mass concentration of morphine forest is 7%, and standing for 6h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer complex ruthenium catalyst. The catalyst performance was evaluated in the same manner as in example 1, and the conversion of p-chloronitrobenzene was 90.9% and the selectivity of p-chloroaniline was 98%.
Example 4
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 10g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 10g of solvent benzene is added, then 1g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, an alumina carrier is soaked in the polymerization solution for 0.5 h, and the polymerization solution is placed in an oven to be heated to 60 ℃ and kept for 2h, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the alumina. And then soaking the polymer-loaded alumina in ammonia water, aminolysis is carried out for 0.5 h at the temperature of 45 ℃, after neutralization, the polymer carrier obtained after aminolysis is placed in a palladium chloride ethanol solution, the amount of palladium chloride is 0.1 percent of the mass of the carrier, reflux is carried out for 2h at the temperature of 78 ℃ to obtain the unreduced polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex palladium catalyst, finally the prepared catalyst is placed in a morpholine ethanol solution at the temperature of 45 ℃, the mass concentration of morphine is 0.1 percent, and modification treatment is carried out after standing for 1h to obtain the modified polymer complex palladium catalyst. Evaluation of catalyst Performance As in example 1, the conversion of p-chloronitrobenzene was 31.2% and the selectivity to chloroaniline was 100%.
Example 5
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 40g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 40g of solvent benzene is added, then 5g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the titanium oxide carrier is soaked in the polymerization liquid for 6 hours, and the titanium oxide carrier is placed in an oven to be heated to 120 ℃ and kept for 12 hours, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the carrier loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, carrying out ammonolysis for 5 h at 60 ℃, neutralizing, placing the polymer carrier obtained after ammonolysis in a rhodium chloride ethanol solution, wherein the amount of rhodium chloride is 10% of the mass of the carrier, refluxing for 16 h at 78 ℃, reducing for 8 h at the reduction temperature of 450 ℃ and the hydrogen pressure of 4 MPa to obtain a polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex rhodium catalyst with reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in a morpholine ethanol solution at 78 ℃ with the morphilin mass concentration of 15%, and standing for 16 h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer complex rhodium catalyst. The catalyst performance was evaluated in the same manner as in example 1, and p-chloronitrobenzene conversion was 86.7% and p-chloroaniline selectivity was 99.7%.
Example 6
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 20g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 25g of solvent benzene is added, then 4g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the vanadium oxide carrier is soaked in the polymerization liquid for 5 hours, the vanadium oxide carrier is placed in an oven to be subjected to temperature programming, the temperature of 60 ℃ is kept for 2 hours, the temperature of 80 ℃ is kept for 2 hours, and the temperature of 110 ℃ is kept for 2 hours, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the carrier loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, carrying out ammonolysis for 3.5 h at 50 ℃, neutralizing, placing the polymer carrier obtained after ammonolysis in a platinum chloride and rhodium chloride ethanol solution, reducing the platinum chloride and the rhodium chloride for 1.5 h at 78 ℃ under the conditions that the total amount is 9 percent of the carrier mass and the reduction temperature is 280 ℃ and the hydrogen pressure is 1.5 MPa to obtain the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex platinum-rhodium catalyst with the reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in a morpholine ethanol solution at 55 ℃ and the morphine mass concentration is 12 percent, and standing for 3 h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer complex platinum-rhodium catalyst. The catalyst performance was evaluated in the same manner as in example 1, and the conversion of p-chloronitrobenzene and the selectivity of p-chloroaniline were found to be 76.4% and 99.1%.
Example 7
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 15g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 35g of solvent benzene is added, then 3g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, a silicon oxide carrier is soaked in the polymerization liquid for 5 hours, the silicon oxide carrier is placed in an oven for programmed temperature rise and retention for 1 hour at 90 ℃, 3 hours at 100 ℃ and 4 hours at 110 ℃, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the carrier loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, aminolysis for 1h at 60 ℃, neutralizing, placing the polymer carrier obtained after aminolysis in an ethanol solution of rhodium chloride and ruthenium chloride, wherein the total amount of the rhodium chloride and the ruthenium chloride is 2.5 percent of the mass of the carrier, refluxing for 8 h at 78 ℃, reducing for 4.5 h at 350 ℃ and 3.5 MPa to obtain a polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer rhodium-ruthenium complex catalyst with reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in a morpholine ethanol solution at 78 ℃ and keeping the morpholine mass concentration at 12%, and standing for 13 h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer rhodium-ruthenium complex catalyst. Evaluation of catalyst Performance As in example 1, the conversion of p-chloronitrobenzene was 89.5% and the selectivity to chloroaniline was 99.7%.
Example 8
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 25g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 40g of solvent benzene is added, then 3.5g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the zirconia carrier is soaked in the polymerization solution for 6 hours, the polymerization solution is placed in an oven for temperature programming, the temperature is 100 ℃, the polymerization solution is kept for 2 hours, the polymerization solution is kept for 6 hours at 110 ℃, and the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the carrier loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, carrying out ammonolysis for 3 h at 50 ℃, neutralizing, placing the polymer carrier obtained after ammonolysis in an ethanol solution of palladium chloride and ruthenium chloride, wherein the total amount of the palladium chloride and the ruthenium chloride is 3% of the mass of the carrier, refluxing for 5 h at 78 ℃, reducing for 2.5 h at 400 ℃ and 3 MPa to obtain the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex palladium-ruthenium catalyst with reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in an ethanol solution of morpholine at 78 ℃ and the mass concentration of morphine forest is 8%, and standing for 7 h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer complex palladium-ruthenium catalyst. The catalyst performance was evaluated in the same manner as in example 1, and the conversion of p-chloronitrobenzene was 89.7% and the selectivity of p-chloroaniline was 98.9%.
Example 9
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 10g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 15g of solvent benzene is added, 1g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the activated carbon carrier is soaked in the polymerization liquid for 4 hours, the activated carbon carrier is placed in an oven to be subjected to temperature programming, the temperature of 80 ℃ is kept for 2 hours, the temperature of 90 ℃ is kept for 2 hours, the temperature of 110 ℃ is kept for 2 hours, and the temperature of 120 ℃ is kept for 2 hours, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the obtained polymer carrier in ammonia water, carrying out ammonolysis for 2h at 55 ℃, after neutralization, placing the carrier loaded with the polymer after the ammonolysis in an ethanol solution of ruthenium chloride and platinum chloride, wherein the total amount of the ruthenium chloride and the platinum chloride is 0.5 percent of the carrier mass, refluxing for 12h at 78 ℃, reducing for 4 h at 250 ℃ and 4 MPa to obtain a polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer ruthenium-platinum complex catalyst with reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in an ethanol solution of morpholine at 78 ℃ and the morphine concentration of 10 percent, and standing for 10 h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer ruthenium-platinum complex catalyst. The catalyst performance was evaluated in the same manner as in example 1, and the conversion of p-chloronitrobenzene was 95.6% and the selectivity of p-chloroaniline was 99%.
Example 10
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 35g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 35g of solvent benzene is added, then 2.5g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, an alumina carrier is soaked in the polymerization liquid for 2.5 h, and the polymerization liquid is placed into an oven to be heated to 70 ℃ and kept for 3 h, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the obtained polymer carrier in ammonia water, carrying out ammonolysis for 2.5 h at 50 ℃, neutralizing, placing the carrier loaded with the polymer after the ammonolysis in a platinum chloride and rhodium chloride ethanol solution, wherein the total amount of the platinum chloride and the rhodium chloride is 3.5 percent of the carrier mass, refluxing for 6h at 78 ℃, reducing for 7 h at the reduction temperature of 350 ℃ and the hydrogen pressure of 2.5 MPa to obtain the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex platinum-rhodium catalyst with the reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in a morpholine ethanol solution at 60 ℃ and the morphilin mass concentration of 2 percent, and standing for 2h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer complex platinum-rhodium catalyst. The catalyst performance was evaluated in the same manner as in example 1, and the conversion of p-chloronitrobenzene was 40.9% and the selectivity to p-chloroaniline was 100%.
Example 11
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 10g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 40g of solvent benzene is added, then 1g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, an alumina carrier is soaked in the polymerization liquid for 6 hours, and the mixture is placed into an oven to be heated to 120 ℃ and kept for 10 hours, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. And then soaking the alumina loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, carrying out ammonolysis for 4.5 h at 50 ℃, neutralizing, then placing the polymer carrier obtained after the ammonolysis in an ethanol solution of palladium chloride and rhodium chloride, wherein the total amount of the palladium chloride and the rhodium chloride is 6 percent of the mass of the carrier, refluxing for 9 h at 78 ℃, reducing for 5 h at 300 ℃ and under 3 MPa of hydrogen pressure to obtain the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex palladium-rhodium catalyst with reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in an ethanol solution of morpholine at 78 ℃ and the mass concentration of morphine forest is 15 percent, and standing for 16 h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer complex palladium-rhodium catalyst. Evaluation of catalyst Performance in the same manner as in example 1 gave a p-chloronitrobenzene conversion of 33.3% and a p-chloroaniline selectivity of 100%.
Example 12
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 40g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 10g of solvent benzene is added, then 5g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the activated carbon carrier is soaked in the polymerization liquid for 0.5 h, the activated carbon carrier is placed in an oven for temperature programming, the temperature is 60 ℃ and is kept for 2h, and the temperature is 100 ℃ and is kept for 2h, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the carrier loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, carrying out ammonolysis for 3.5 h at 60 ℃, neutralizing, placing the polymer carrier obtained after ammonolysis in an ethanol solution of palladium chloride, rhodium chloride and ruthenium chloride, wherein the total amount of the palladium chloride, the rhodium chloride and the ruthenium chloride is 10 percent of the mass of the carrier, refluxing for 2h at 78 ℃, reducing for 1h at 200 ℃ and 4 MPa to obtain a polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex palladium rhodium ruthenium catalyst with reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in a morpholine ethanol solution at 45 ℃ and the mass concentration of morphine is 3 percent, and standing for 1h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer complex palladium rhodium ruthenium catalyst. Evaluation of catalyst Performance As in example 1, the conversion of p-chloronitrobenzene was 68.9% and the selectivity to chloroaniline was 100%.
Example 13
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 10g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 30g of solvent benzene is added, then 5g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, an alumina carrier is soaked in the polymerization liquid for 3 hours, the mixture is placed in an oven for temperature programming, the temperature is 110 ℃ and is kept for 4 hours, and the temperature is 120 ℃ and is kept for 4 hours, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the carrier loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, carrying out ammonolysis for 4.5 h at 45 ℃, neutralizing, placing the polymer carrier obtained after ammonolysis in an ethanol solution of palladium chloride, platinum chloride and ruthenium chloride, wherein the total amount of the palladium chloride, the platinum chloride and the ruthenium chloride is 4.5 percent of the mass of the carrier, refluxing for 6h at 78 ℃, reducing for 5 h at 400 ℃ and 3.5 MPa to obtain the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex palladium platinum ruthenium catalyst with reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in a morpholine ethanol solution at 60 ℃, the mass concentration of morphine is 11 percent, and standing for 5 h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer complex palladium platinum ruthenium catalyst.
Evaluation of catalyst Performance: the dosage of the catalyst is 1g, the concentration of the p-chloronitrobenzene ethanol solution is 50mL, the reaction temperature is 70 ℃, the reaction pressure is 0.1 MPa, the stirring revolution is 300 rpm, and the reaction time is 1 h. After the reaction is finished, sampling, measuring and analyzing to obtain the p-chloronitrobenzene with the conversion rate of 70.9 percent and the selectivity of the p-chloroaniline of 100 percent.
Example 14
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 20g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 40g of solvent benzene is added, then 1g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, an alumina carrier is soaked in the polymerization liquid for 6 hours, the mixture is placed in an oven for temperature programming, 60 ℃ is kept for 5 hours, 120 ℃ is kept for 5 hours, and the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the carrier loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, carrying out ammonolysis for 4 h at 55 ℃, neutralizing, placing the polymer carrier obtained after ammonolysis in an ethanol solution of palladium chloride, platinum chloride and rhodium chloride, wherein the total amount of the palladium chloride, the platinum chloride and the rhodium chloride is 2 percent of the mass of the carrier, refluxing for 8 h at 78 ℃, reducing for 7 h at the reduction temperature of 350 ℃ and the hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa to obtain the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex palladium platinum rhodium catalyst with the reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in a morpholine ethanol solution at 50 ℃ and the morphine mass concentration of 5 percent, and standing for 8 h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer complex palladium platinum rhodium catalyst.
Evaluation of catalyst Performance: the dosage of the catalyst is 1g, the concentration of the p-chloronitrobenzene ethanol solution is 15 g/L and is 50mL, the reaction temperature is 80 ℃, the reaction pressure is 0.5 MPa, the stirring revolution is 800 rpm, and the reaction time is 2 h. After the reaction is finished, sampling, measuring and analyzing to obtain that the conversion rate of the p-chloronitrobenzene is 68.5 percent and the selectivity of the p-chloroaniline is 96 percent.
Example 15
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 10g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 40g of solvent benzene is added, then 5g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the activated carbon carrier is soaked in the polymerization solution for 6 hours, and then the activated carbon carrier is put into an oven to be subjected to temperature programming, wherein the temperature of 60 ℃ is kept for 2 hours, the temperature of 80 ℃ is kept for 2 hours, the temperature of 90 ℃ is kept for 2 hours, and the temperature of 120 ℃ is kept for 2 hours, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the carrier loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, carrying out ammonolysis for 4.5 h at 50 ℃, neutralizing, placing the polymer carrier obtained after ammonolysis in an ethanol solution of palladium chloride, platinum chloride, ruthenium chloride and rhodium chloride, wherein the amount of the palladium chloride, the platinum chloride, the rhodium chloride and the ruthenium chloride is 10% of the mass of the carrier, refluxing for 16 h at 78 ℃, reducing for 8 h at the reduction temperature of 450 ℃ and the hydrogen pressure of 0.1 MPa to obtain the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex palladium ruthenium platinum rhodium catalyst with the reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in a morpholine ethanol solution at 45 ℃, keeping the morphilin mass concentration of 15%, and standing for 1h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer complex palladium ruthenium platinum rhodium catalyst.
Evaluation of catalyst Performance: the dosage of the catalyst is 1g, the concentration of the p-chloronitrobenzene ethanol solution is 50mL, the reaction temperature is 50 ℃, the reaction pressure is 1 MPa, the stirring revolution is 1000 rpm, and the reaction time is 0.5 h. After the reaction is finished, sampling, measuring and analyzing to obtain that the conversion rate of the p-chloronitrobenzene is 50.1 percent and the selectivity of the p-chloroaniline is 100 percent.
Example 16
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 15g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 20g of solvent benzene is added, then 1g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the magnesium oxide carrier is soaked in the polymerization liquid for 5 h, the mixture is placed in an oven for temperature programming, the temperature is 80 ℃ and is kept for 2h, the temperature is 90 ℃ and is kept for 2h, the temperature is 110 ℃ and is kept for 2h, and the temperature is 120 ℃ and is kept for 2h, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the carrier loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, carrying out ammonolysis for 2h at 50 ℃, neutralizing, placing the polymer carrier obtained after ammonolysis in an ethanol solution of platinum chloride, ruthenium chloride and rhodium chloride, wherein the amount of the platinum chloride, the rhodium chloride and the ruthenium chloride is 10 percent of the mass of the carrier, refluxing for 10 h at 78 ℃, reducing for 2h at the reduction temperature of 450 ℃ and the hydrogen pressure of 2 MPa to obtain the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer complex ruthenium-rhodium catalyst with the reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in a morpholine ethanol solution at 45 ℃ and the morphilin mass concentration of 10 percent, and standing for 6h for modification treatment to obtain the modified polymer complex ruthenium-platinum-rhodium catalyst.
Evaluation of catalyst Performance: the dosage of the catalyst is 1g, the concentration of the p-chloronitrobenzene ethanol solution is 50mL, the reaction temperature is 60 ℃, the reaction pressure is 3 MPa, the stirring revolution is 200 rpm, and the reaction time is 6 h. After the reaction, sampling, determination and analysis are carried out, and the conversion rate of the p-chloronitrobenzene is 80.5 percent, and the selectivity of the p-chloroaniline is 98.8 percent.
Example 17
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 10g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 20g of solvent benzene is added, then 2g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the ferric oxide carrier is soaked in the polymerization liquid for 3 h, the polymerization liquid is placed in an oven for temperature programming, the temperature is 90 ℃ and is kept for 2h, the temperature is 110 ℃ and is kept for 4 h, and the temperature is 120 ℃ and is kept for 2h, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the carrier loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, aminolysis for 3 h at 45 ℃, neutralizing, placing the polymer carrier obtained after aminolysis in an ethanol solution of palladium chloride, ruthenium chloride and rhodium chloride, refluxing for 8 h at 78 ℃, reducing for 3 h at 350 ℃ and 3 MPa to obtain the catalyst with reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in an ethanol solution of morpholine at 55 ℃, wherein the mass concentration of morphine is 9%, and standing for 5 h for modification to obtain the modified polymer catalyst.
Evaluation of catalyst Performance: the dosage of the catalyst is 1g, the concentration of the p-chloronitrobenzene ethanol solution is 500 g/L and is 50mL, the reaction temperature is 30 ℃, the reaction pressure is 2 MPa, the stirring revolution is 1200 rpm, and the reaction time is 3 h. After the reaction, sampling, determination and analysis are carried out, and the conversion rate of the p-chloronitrobenzene is 83.2 percent, and the selectivity of the p-chloroaniline is 99.8 percent.
Example 18
Firstly, 10g of styrene and 15g of maleic anhydride monomer are mixed, 25g of solvent benzene is added, then 1g of divinylbenzene and 0.01g of benzoyl peroxide are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the zirconia carrier is soaked in the polymerization liquid for 4 hours, the mixture is placed in an oven for temperature programming, the temperature is 80 ℃ and is kept for 2 hours, the temperature is 110 ℃ and is kept for 4 hours, and the temperature is 120 ℃ and is kept for 2 hours, so that the polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer is polymerized outside the carrier. Soaking the carrier loaded with the polymer in ammonia water, aminolysis for 4 h at 45 ℃, neutralizing, placing the polymer carrier obtained after aminolysis in an ethanol solution of palladium chloride, ruthenium chloride and rhodium chloride, refluxing for 9 h at 78 ℃, reducing for 2h at 250 ℃ and 2 MPa to obtain a polystyrene maleic anhydride polymer ruthenium palladium rhodium-rhodium complex catalyst with reduction activity, finally placing the prepared catalyst in an ethanol solution of morpholine at 55 ℃, wherein the mass concentration of morphine is 12%, and standing for 5 h for modification to obtain the modified polymer ruthenium palladium-rhodium complex catalyst.
Evaluation of catalyst Performance: the dosage of the catalyst is 1g, the concentration of the p-chloronitrobenzene ethanol solution is 50mL, the reaction temperature is 100 ℃, the reaction pressure is 6 MPa, the stirring revolution is 100 rpm, and the reaction time is 8 h. After the reaction, sampling, determination and analysis are carried out, and the conversion rate of p-chloronitrobenzene is 85.9 percent, and the selectivity of p-chloroaniline is 99.7 percent.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing parachloroaniline by hydrogenating parachloronitrobenzene is characterized in that parachloronitrobenzene and hydrogen are subjected to hydrogenation reaction by adopting a modified polymer complex noble metal catalyst to obtain the parachloroaniline;
the modified polymer complex noble metal catalyst is prepared by the following method:
(1) adding divinylbenzene and benzoyl peroxide into a solution of a styrene monomer and a maleic anhydride monomer, uniformly mixing to obtain a polymerization solution, and then soaking a carrier in the polymerization solution;
(2) taking out the soaked carrier, controlling the temperature to enable the polymer to be polymerized on the surface of the carrier, and then aminolysis neutralizing to obtain the polymer carrier;
(3) and (3) placing the polymer carrier in a solution of noble metal salt, carrying out a matching reaction, and then carrying out a reduction reaction in hydrogen to obtain the polymer carrier.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said method of making said modified polymer complexed noble metal catalyst further comprises the steps of:
(4) standing the catalyst obtained in the step (3) in a morpholine solution at 45-78 ℃ for reaction for 1-16 h; preferably, the solvent of the morpholine solution is ethanol, and the mass concentration of the morpholine is 0.1-15%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in the method for preparing p-chloroaniline, the concentration of p-chloronitrobenzene is 1 g/L-500 g/L, preferably 10 g/L-50 g/L, and most preferably 15 g/L-30 g/L; the temperature of the hydrogenation reaction is 30-100 ℃, the hydrogen pressure of the hydrogenation reaction is 0.1-6.0 Mpa, and the reaction time is 0.5-8 h; the optimal reaction temperature of the hydrogenation reaction is 80 ℃, the optimal reaction pressure is 2.0 Mpa, and the optimal reaction time is 3 h; the hydrogenation reaction is carried out under stirring, and the stirring speed is 100-1200 r/min; the optimum reaction stirring speed is 600 r/min.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carrier in step (1) is one or more of activated carbon, alumina, magnesia, zinc oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, silicon oxide or zirconium oxide.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the styrene monomer to the maleic anhydride monomer in the step (1) is 1:1 to 1: 4; the mass ratio of the divinylbenzene to the maleic anhydride monomer is 0.1-0.5: 1; the mass ratio of the benzoyl peroxide to the maleic anhydride monomer is 0.001: 1; the mass ratio of the maleic anhydride monomer to the solvent is 1: 1-1: 4.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the soaking time in the step (1) is 0.5-6 h.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymerization in step (2) is carried out at a temperature of 60 to 120 ℃ for 1 to 12 hours; the temperature of the ammonolysis is 45-60 ℃, and the time is 0.5-5 h.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the noble metal salt in step (3) is one or more of ruthenium chloride, rhodium chloride, palladium chloride or platinum chloride, more preferably a mixture of palladium chloride and platinum chloride.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the noble metal salt in step (3) is 0.1% to 10% by mass of the polymeric carrier.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the complexing reaction in the step (3) is 78 ℃ and the time is 2-16 h; the temperature of the reduction reaction is 200-450 ℃, the hydrogen pressure is 0.1-4 MPa, and the time is 0-8 h.
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