CN115057640A - Accelerated excitation method for gelation activity of high-silicon aluminum copper tailings - Google Patents

Accelerated excitation method for gelation activity of high-silicon aluminum copper tailings Download PDF

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CN115057640A
CN115057640A CN202210685561.4A CN202210685561A CN115057640A CN 115057640 A CN115057640 A CN 115057640A CN 202210685561 A CN202210685561 A CN 202210685561A CN 115057640 A CN115057640 A CN 115057640A
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copper tailings
copper
aluminum
tailings
activity
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李志平
高梦实
雷祖祥
童立红
赵秀绍
董晶亮
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East China Jiaotong University
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East China Jiaotong University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B12/00Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
    • C04B12/005Geopolymer cements, e.g. reaction products of aluminosilicates with alkali metal hydroxides or silicates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/14Cements containing slag
    • C04B7/147Metallurgical slag
    • C04B7/153Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators
    • C04B7/1535Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators with alkali metal containing activators, e.g. sodium hydroxide or waterglass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/24Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
    • C04B7/243Mixtures thereof with activators or composition-correcting additives, e.g. mixtures of fly ash and alkali activators
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/36Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general

Abstract

An accelerated excitation method for the gelling activity of high-silicon-aluminum copper tailings is characterized in that a coupled alkali excitation method is utilized to destroy the spatial network structure of Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al with high polymerization degree in the copper tailings, and activate the copper tailings to generate a hydration product with an enhancement effect; metakaolin with low polymerization degree is added as an aluminum correction material on the basis of alkali excitation, a hydration product generated by the metakaolin in advance plays a role in inducing the hydration of the copper tailings, so that aluminum-silicon oxides in the copper tailings are accelerated and activated to participate in the reaction to generate a gel substance, and slag powder is added as an auxiliary calcium reinforcing material to accelerate the coagulation enhancement. The accelerated activation method for the gelation activity of the high-silicon aluminum copper tailings is prepared by compounding industrial solid waste, an alkali activator and a water reducing agent serving as raw materials, and adopts a coupling alkali activation method and adds an aluminum correction material and a calcium reinforcing material to accelerate the activation of the activity of the copper tailings. The method has good excitation effect and simple preparation process, and can solve the problem of efficient reutilization of the industrial solid waste of the copper tailings.

Description

Accelerated excitation method for gelation activity of high-silicon aluminum copper tailings
Technical Field
The invention relates to an accelerated excitation method for gelation activity of high-silicon aluminum copper tailings, belonging to the technical field of resource utilization of copper tailings.
Background
The copper tailings are fine sand grains remained after crushing and fine selection in copper ore mining, and belong to the category of bulk solid wastes. According to statistics, the accumulated discharge amount of copper tailings in China is about 30 hundred million t, the comprehensive utilization rate is less than 10 percent, the comprehensive utilization rate is far lower than that of other large solid wastes, valuable metal components and a large number of non-metal components in the tailings cannot be recycled or effectively utilized, and great resource waste is caused. In addition, most of newly generated tailing sand is accumulated in a tailing pond, a large amount of land resources are occupied, and the atmosphere, water and soil are polluted by various ways, so that the ecological environment of a mining area is greatly threatened. Copper tailing SiO distributed in Jiangxi region 2 、Al 2 O 3 The content of the copper tailings is generally higher than that of ordinary portland cement, the copper tailings belong to high-silicon aluminum copper tailings, the main particle size range of the copper tailings obtained through mineral processing is 10-75 mu m, the content of heavy metal is lower than the requirement of heavy metal ion limit value (hazardous waste identification standard-hazardous component concentration limit value specified in GB5085.3 for leaching toxicity identification) of tailings building materials utilization, and the potential of copper tailings building materials resource utilization is huge. However, the copper tailings discharged from the concentrating mill have low content of active Si and Al, which are not beneficial to generating a silicon-aluminum polymer gel phase, and Si oxide is generally an inert crystal or a low-alkali active raw material (mainly existing in a quartz mineral form), has high polymerization degree, is difficult to be used as an active admixture, and the low gelling activity of the copper tailings restricts the large-scale application of the tailings.
In order to solve the problem of low gelling activity of copper tailings, CN113173746A discloses a geopolymer gel material based on copper tailings and a preparation method thereof, wherein an alkali activator and a composite mineral are adopted to prepare the geopolymer gel material based on copper tailings, and the method can obtain better mechanical properties and effectively fix the content of heavy metals. CN112341026A discloses a copper tailing modifier and a preparation method thereof, wherein sodium carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are added to improve the hydrophobicity and cohesive force of copper tailings on the basis of alkali excitation, and the method can improve the compactibility and structural stability of a copper tailing doped mixture. CN109304256A discloses a comprehensive utilization method of copper smelting tailings, which comprises the steps of mixing iron-containing copper smelting tailings, tailings powder and an additive, crushing, grinding and mechanically activating to obtain a solid activated copper smelting tailings modified material, and using the modified material as a cement admixture.
Said invention adopts alkali excitation method and mechanical activation method to raise the gelation activity of copper tailings. The invention makes some improvements on the basis of the existing research, provides an accelerated excitation method for the gelling activity of the high-silicon-aluminum copper tailings, and has important social, economic and environmental benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of low gelling activity of copper tailings, fully activate the weak inert silicon-aluminum component in the copper tailings to participate in hydration reaction to generate a gel substance, realize high-efficiency (high mixing amount and high activity) comprehensive value-added utilization of the copper tailings, and provide an accelerated excitation method for the gelling activity of the high-silicon-aluminum copper tailings.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the method for accelerating the gelation activity of the high-silicon aluminum copper tailings is used for accelerating the potential activity of the copper tailings, a coupling alkali excitation method is used for destroying the space network structure of Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al with high polymerization degree in the copper tailings, and the copper tailings are activated to generate hydration products with enhancement effect; metakaolin with low polymerization degree is added as an aluminum correction material on the basis of alkali excitation, a hydration product generated by the metakaolin in advance plays a role in inducing the hydration of the copper tailings, so that aluminum-silicon oxides in the copper tailings are accelerated and activated to participate in the reaction to generate a gel substance, and slag powder is added as an auxiliary calcium reinforcing material to accelerate the coagulation enhancement.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) drying the copper tailings, grinding by adopting a ball mill, and screening copper tailing powder with the particle size of less than 100 micrometers;
(2) weighing the copper tailing powder and the additive in the step (1) according to the parts by weight, and uniformly stirring to prepare a gel ash material;
(3) dissolving NaOH in weighed water, and fully stirring until solid particles are completely dissolved;
(4) weighing the NaOH solution, the water glass, the water reducing agent and the water in the step (3) according to the parts by weight, pouring the NaOH solution, the water glass, the water reducing agent and the water into an alkali-resistant plastic container, and uniformly stirring to prepare an excitation solution;
(5) pouring the gel ash material obtained in the step (2) and the solution obtained in the step (4) into a stirring pot in sequence, and selecting a manual stirring mode, wherein the slow stirring is carried out for 120s, the interval is 15s, and the fast stirring is carried out for 120 s; and (4) fully fusing the raw materials of the stirring pot to obtain the copper tailing cementing material.
The additives are an aluminum correction material and a calcium reinforcing material; the gel ash material comprises the following components in parts by mass: the copper tailing powder accounts for 55-75wt% of the ash body; the aluminum correction material accounts for 10-30wt% of the ash body; the calcium reinforcing material accounts for 5-20wt% of the ash body.
The excitant is compounded by NaOH and water glass; the mass ratio of NaOH to water glass is 1: 0.5-2; the water glass in the excitant is in a fluid state, and the modulus is 3.0-3.5; NaOH in the excitant is in a solid state; the content of the excitant is 10-40wt% of the gelled ash body.
Because the exciting agent is formed by compounding NaOH and water glass, Si-O bonds and Al-O bonds in the copper tailings are damaged in a high-alkaline environment, so that active Si and Al components in the copper tailings are fully dissolved out. NaOH is firstly dissociated in the solution to generate OH - Ions activate active ingredients in the solution to perform volcanic ash reaction, so that the generation rate of the early cementing material is effectively increased. On the other hand, the overflow rate of the active ingredients of the water glass is low, and the modulus of the water glass is changed under the catalytic action of NaOH, so that the overflow rate of the active ingredients in the water glass is increased, and the generation rate of the later-stage cementing material is further ensured. As the hydration reaction continues, OH separated out from NaOH - Ions are gradually reduced, and the water glass is catalyzed to continuously provide active groups for hydration reaction, so that the hydration reaction of the alkali-activated system is stably carried out.
The mass ratio of the gelled ash body to the water is 100: 25-35; the mass ratio of the gelled ash body to the water reducing agent is 100: 1-3.
The specific surface area of the copper tailing powder is 300m 2 /kg。
Because the activity of the high-silicon aluminum copper tailings is low, the particle morphology can be improved by mechanical grinding, so that the particle surface is rough, lattice defects are generated, and the particle morphology effect is improved. Lattice distortion causes the change of the atomic distance and the lattice constant, the breakage and recombination of Si-O chemical bonds in the copper tailings, and inert SiO 2 The infrared spectrum has the phenomenon of broadening or splitting and sharpening so as to form a disordered mineral structure. In addition, the specific surface area of the copper tailings is increased by grinding, so that the contact area of copper tailing particles is increased, the reaction activity is improved, and the copper tailings are easier to be excited to generate a polymerization reaction.
The aluminum correction material is metakaolin, and the particle size of the metakaolin is smaller than 50 mu m.
Because the kaolin is used as the raw material and is calcined at the high temperature of 650-800 ℃, the anhydrous aluminum silicate formed after dehydration contains a large amount of amorphous Al 2 O 3 And SiO 2 And carrying out dissolution-reconstruction-polycondensation reaction under an alkaline environment to generate a polymeric material. SiO in metakaolin 2 And Al 2 O 3 The low polymerized Al-O, Si-O covalent bond of (A) is broken and dissolved out of [ SiO ] 4 ] 4- 、[AlO 4 ] 5- The hydration reaction is carried out in an alkaline environment, the hydration product generated in advance plays an inducing role in the hydration of the copper tailings, and further the aluminum-silicon oxide in the copper tailings is accelerated and activated to participate in the reaction to generate the gel substance. In addition, soluble Si and Al ions are dissolved out, and the consolidation performance is improved by regulating and controlling the Si/Al ratio in the solution. The metakaolin is used as an auxiliary raw material, and the Si/Al ratio of a hydration reaction system is adjusted to facilitate the generation of an aluminosilicate skeleton structure with high polymerization degree, so that the microstructure is more compact and the strength is higher.
The calcium reinforcing material is slag powder, and the grade of the slag powder is more than S75.
Because the calcium content of the slag powder is high, alkaline cations play a catalytic role in the early stage of hydration reaction, when Si-O bonds and Al-O bonds in the solution are destroyed, metasilicate and calcium ions are replaced to generate products such as calcium silicate, and the released alkaline ions continue to catalyze the next round of reaction, so that the hydration reaction rate is effectively improved to generate gel substances. The fine particle size can play a micro-filling role, and the gel substance with better consolidation performance is obtained.
The water reducing agent is one of a naphthalene series water reducing agent or a polycarboxylic acid series water reducing agent.
Because the molecules of the water reducing agent are adsorbed on the solid particles to make the solid particles carry negative charges, the gelled particles are dispersed due to electrostatic repulsion, so that an initial agglomeration flocculation structure is damaged, and the wrapped water is released to improve the fluidity. The hydrophilic group of the water reducing agent has stronger polarity, and a layer of stable water absorption film is formed on the surfaces of the gelled particles, so that the sliding resistance among the gelled particles can be effectively weakened, and the workability of a mixed system is further improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the accelerated activation method for the gelation activity of the high-silicon aluminum copper tailings is prepared by compounding industrial solid waste, an alkali activator and a water reducing agent serving as raw materials, and adopts a coupled alkali activation method and adds an aluminum correction material and a calcium reinforcing material to accelerate the activation of the activity of the copper tailings. The accelerated activation method for the gelation activity of the high-silicon aluminum copper tailings has the advantages of good excitation effect, simple preparation process and lower cost, and can promote the energy conservation and emission reduction and the low-carbon economic development of the cement concrete industry. On one hand, the problem of efficient recycling of industrial solid wastes such as copper tailings and the like can be solved, on the other hand, the copper tailings can effectively replace cement raw materials, and the problem of shortage of high-quality mineral admixtures is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A specific embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 1.
In example 1, the alkali-activated cementitious powder material of the high-silica-alumina copper tailings in the present embodiment includes the following components by mass percent: the gelled ash body consists of copper tailing powder, metakaolin and slag powder. 60wt% of copper tailing powder, 25wt% of metakaolin, 15wt% of slag powder, 10wt% of activator of gelled ash body (the mass ratio of NaOH to water glass is 1: 1.5), 100:30 of gelled ash body to water and 100:1.5 of water reducing agent. The modulus of the water glass in the exciting agent is 3.0, and the water reducing agent is a naphthalene series water reducing agent.
The test mixture ratio is shown in table 1.
Testing the initial fluidity according to the national standard of homogeneity test method of concrete admixture (GB/T8077-; the compressive strengths of 3d and 28d were tested according to the national Standard "Cement mortar Strength test method (ISO method)" (GB/T17671-1999).
The test results are shown in Table 2.
Example 2, the high-silica-alumina copper tailing alkali-activated cementitious powder material of the present embodiment includes the following components by mass percent: the gelled ash body consists of copper tailing powder, metakaolin and slag powder. 60wt% of copper tailing powder, 25wt% of metakaolin, 15wt% of slag powder, 20wt% of activator of gelled ash body (the mass ratio of NaOH to water glass is 1: 1.5), 100:30 of gelled ash body to water and 100:1.5 of water reducing agent. The modulus of the water glass in the exciting agent is 3.0, and the water reducing agent is a naphthalene series water reducing agent.
The test mixture ratio is shown in table 1.
The test method was the same as in example 1. The test results are shown in Table 2.
Example 3, the high-silica-alumina copper tailing alkali-activated cementitious powder material of the present embodiment includes the following components by mass percent: the gelled ash body consists of copper tailing powder, metakaolin and slag powder. 60wt% of copper tailing powder, 25wt% of metakaolin, 15wt% of slag powder, 30wt% of activator of gelled ash body (the mass ratio of NaOH to water glass is 1: 1.5), 100:30 of gelled ash body to water and 100:1.5 of water reducing agent. The modulus of the water glass in the exciting agent is 3.0, and the water reducing agent is a naphthalene series water reducing agent.
The test mixture ratio is shown in table 1.
The test method was the same as in example 1. The test results are shown in Table 2.
And the reference group comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the gelled ash body consists of copper tailing powder, metakaolin and slag powder. 60wt% of copper tailing powder, 25wt% of metakaolin, 15wt% of slag powder, 100:30 of gelled ash body and water and 100:1.5 of gelled ash body and water reducing agent. The water reducing agent is a naphthalene series water reducing agent.
The test mixture ratio is shown in table 1.
The test method was the same as in example 1. The test results are shown in Table 2.
Figure 896154DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Figure 291363DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The method for accelerating activation of the high-silicon aluminum copper tailings implemented in the embodiments 1 to 3 and the reference group comprises the following specific steps:
s1, weighing the copper tailings according to the mass parts, drying, grinding and crushing, and then sieving with a 150-mesh sieve to obtain particles with the particle size smaller than 100 mu m. And (4) placing the dried mixture in an electric heating air blast drying oven, setting the temperature to 65 ℃, drying for 24h, taking out, and cooling to room temperature. The grinding is carried out by crushing and grinding by a ball mill.
S2, weighing the copper tailing powder, the metakaolin and the slag powder obtained in the step S1 according to the parts by weight, and uniformly stirring.
And S3, dissolving solid NaOH in water according to parts by weight, and fully stirring until the solid NaOH is completely dissolved.
S4, weighing the solution obtained in the step S3, water glass, a water reducing agent and water according to parts by weight, pouring the mixture into an alkali-resistant plastic container, and uniformly stirring.
S5, pouring the gel ash obtained in the step S2 and the solution obtained in the step S4 into a stirring pot in sequence, and selecting a manual stirring mode to stir slowly for 120S at an interval of 15S and stir quickly for 120S. And obtaining the copper tailing gelled material.
S6, testing the initial fluidity by referring to the national standard 'concrete admixture homogeneity test method' (GB/T8077-. The inner diameter of the upper opening of the truncated cone circular die is 36mm, the inner diameter of the lower opening is 60mm, and the height is 60 mm.
S7, testing the compressive strength of 3d and 28d according to the national Standard "Cement mortar Strength test method (ISO method)" (GB/T17671-1999). And (3) loading the copper tailing gelled slurry into a test block die with the size of 20mm multiplied by 20mm, and curing to the specified age under the standard curing condition of 20 ℃ and relative humidity of more than 95%. The 3d and 28d test blocks were tested on a compression tester for average compression strength values at a test loading rate of 2.4 kN/s.
The present embodiments are merely illustrative of the present application and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several equivalent substitutions or obvious modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the invention is to be determined from the claims as filed.

Claims (8)

1. An accelerated excitation method for gelation activity of high-silicon aluminum copper tailings is characterized in that in order to accelerate the excitation of potential activity of the copper tailings, a coupled alkali excitation method is used for destroying a Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al space network structure with high polymerization degree in the copper tailings and activating the copper tailings to generate hydration products with enhancement effect; metakaolin with low polymerization degree is added as an aluminum correction material on the basis of alkali excitation, a hydration product generated by the metakaolin in advance plays a role in inducing the hydration of the copper tailings, so that aluminum-silicon oxides in the copper tailings are accelerated and activated to participate in the reaction to generate a gel substance, and slag powder is added as an auxiliary calcium reinforcing material to accelerate the coagulation enhancement;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) drying the copper tailings, grinding by adopting a ball mill, and screening copper tailing powder with the particle size of less than 100 micrometers;
(2) weighing the copper tailing powder and the additive in the step (1) according to the parts by weight, and uniformly stirring to prepare a gel ash material;
(3) dissolving NaOH in weighed water, and fully stirring until solid particles are completely dissolved;
(4) weighing the NaOH solution, the water glass, the water reducing agent and the water in the step (3) according to the parts by weight, pouring the NaOH solution, the water glass, the water reducing agent and the water into an alkali-resistant plastic container, and uniformly stirring to prepare an excitation solution;
(5) pouring the gel ash material obtained in the step (2) and the solution obtained in the step (4) into a stirring pot in sequence, and selecting a manual stirring mode, wherein the slow stirring is carried out for 120s, the interval is 15s, and the fast stirring is carried out for 120 s; and (4) fully fusing the raw materials of the stirring pot to obtain the copper tailing cementing material.
2. The method for accelerating the activation of the gelling activity of the high-silicon aluminum copper tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the additives are an aluminum correcting material and a calcium reinforcing material; the gel ash material comprises the following components in parts by mass: the copper tailing powder accounts for 55-75wt% of the ash body; the aluminum correction material accounts for 10-30wt% of the ash body; the calcium reinforcing material accounts for 5-20wt% of the ash body.
3. The accelerated excitation method for the gelation activity of the high-silicon aluminum copper tailings according to claim 1, wherein the exciting agent is prepared by compounding NaOH and water glass; the mass ratio of NaOH to water glass is 1: 0.5-2; the water glass in the excitant is in a fluid state, and the modulus is 3.0-3.5; NaOH in the excitant is in a solid state; the content of the excitant is 10-40wt% of the gelled ash body.
4. The method for accelerating the activation of the gelling activity of the high-silicon aluminum copper tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the gelled ash body to the water is 100: 25-35; the mass ratio of the gelled ash body to the water reducing agent is 100: 1-3.
5. The accelerated stimulation of gelation activity of high silica alumina copper tailings of claim 1The method is characterized in that the specific surface area of the copper tailing powder is 300m 2 /kg。
6. The method for accelerating the activation of the gelling activity of the high-silicon aluminum copper tailings according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum correcting material is metakaolin, and the particle size of the metakaolin is less than 50 μm.
7. The accelerated excitation method for the gelling activity of the high-silicon aluminum copper tailings according to claim 1, wherein the calcium reinforcing material is slag powder, and the grade of the slag powder is more than S75.
8. The accelerated excitation method for the gelling activity of the high-silicon aluminum copper tailings according to claim 1, wherein the water reducing agent is one of a naphthalene series water reducing agent or a polycarboxylic acid series water reducing agent.
CN202210685561.4A 2022-06-17 2022-06-17 Accelerated excitation method for gelation activity of high-silicon aluminum copper tailings Pending CN115057640A (en)

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