CN115056512B - Co-curing molding composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Co-curing molding composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115056512B CN115056512B CN202210661109.4A CN202210661109A CN115056512B CN 115056512 B CN115056512 B CN 115056512B CN 202210661109 A CN202210661109 A CN 202210661109A CN 115056512 B CN115056512 B CN 115056512B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
Abstract
The invention provides a co-curing molding composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: drilling the solid structural member to obtain at least one reserved hole; wherein the preformed hole is a through hole or a blind hole; paving a fiber material layer on the solid structural part comprising the at least one preformed hole, and preparing a riveting structure for connecting the solid structural part and the fiber material layer according to the preformed hole and the fiber bundle to obtain a prefabricated body; and carrying out molding treatment on the prefabricated body by adopting a liquid molding process or a prepreg compression molding process to obtain the co-curing molding composite material. The co-curing molding composite material provided by the invention is connected by adopting a high-fiber volume content riveting structure, has a complete structure and excellent mechanical property, and obviously improves the interface property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a co-curing molding composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The resin-based composite material has high specific rigidity, specific strength, corrosion resistance, strong designability and the like, and is widely applied to main bearing parts such as cabin bodies, airfoil structures and the like in the field of aerospace. At present, the composite material member structure can be integrally formed through an integral method design, and the integral forming has the advantages that the composite material member is high in mechanical strength, the number of parts is reduced, and the cost is obviously reduced.
Because the structure of the large composite material member is often extremely complex, and a part of metal structure is also difficult to integrally form at one time, the complex product structure is often divided into simple part solid structures in the design process, and finally the parts are assembled to be integrally formed through co-curing. For these simple parts, if the gluing method is adopted alone, the strength of the composite material member is too low; if the riveting and screwing connection mode is adopted, the structure of the composite material member is damaged, the weight is increased, the performance of the composite material member is lower than that of the integrally formed composite material structure, and the composite material member is difficult to apply to final integral forming; if a mode that every two adjacent through holes are communicated and sewed is adopted, the directions of the holes are too directional, the sewing lines have certain thickness, and the sewing lines are thicker and thicker along with the increase of the number of the sewing lines between the two holes, so that the final composite material laying layer is influenced, and the mechanical property of a product is influenced; meanwhile, suture with better toughness is often adopted for sewing, so that the rigidity is poorer, and the capability of improving the interface performance is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a co-curing molding composite material and a preparation method thereof, the co-curing molding composite material has high connection strength, the interface performance of the co-curing molding composite material is obviously improved, the fiber volume content of a riveting structure prepared from fiber bundles is high, the structure is complete, the mechanical property is excellent, the preparation method not only simplifies the molding process, but also ensures the integral molding of large complex components, and simultaneously realizes weight reduction and cost reduction.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a co-cured shaped composite material, the process comprising:
drilling the solid structural member to obtain at least one reserved hole; the preformed hole is a through hole or a blind hole;
paving a fiber material layer on the solid structural part comprising the at least one preformed hole, and preparing a riveting structure for connecting the solid structural part and the fiber material layer according to the preformed hole and the fiber bundle to obtain a prefabricated body;
and carrying out molding treatment on the prefabricated body by adopting a liquid molding process or a prepreg compression molding process to obtain the co-curing molding composite material.
Preferably, the solid-state structural member is a metal member or a composite plate member;
the blind hole is a stepped blind hole, and the aperture of the bottom area is larger than that of the upper end area.
Preferably, the preparation method further comprises:
the surface of the solid structure is pretreated to roughen the surface.
More preferably, the pretreatment is sandblasting or sanding.
Preferably, when the number of the preformed holes is one, the preformed holes are preferably located in the center of the solid structural member.
Preferably, the riveted structure is made of the fiber bundle.
Preferably, the layer of fibrous material is a prepreg or a dry fabric.
More preferably, the layer of fibrous material is a layer of carbon fibres.
Preferably, the fiber bundle consists of a dipped fiber thread or a dried fiber thread.
More preferably, the fiber bundle is a carbon fiber.
Preferably, when the preformed hole is a through hole, the method of laying a fiber material layer on the solid structural member including the at least one preformed hole and preparing a riveted structure for connecting the solid structural member and the fiber material layer according to the preformed hole and a fiber bundle includes:
the upper surface and the lower surface of the solid structure member of the through hole are respectively paved with a fiber material layer, the fiber bundle penetrates through the reserved hole and the fiber material layer and is paved on the surface of the fiber material layer, and then the fiber bundle is shaped to obtain the riveted structure.
Preferably, when the preformed hole is a blind hole, the method of laying a fiber material layer on the solid structural member including the at least one preformed hole and preparing a riveted structure for connecting the solid structural member and the fiber material layer according to the preformed hole and a fiber bundle includes:
and paving a fiber material layer on the surface of the solid structural member with the blind hole, fixing one end of the fiber bundle at the bottom area of the blind hole, enabling the other end of the fiber bundle to pass through the fiber material layer through the blind hole and be paved on the surface of the fiber material layer, and shaping the fiber bundle to obtain the riveting structure.
Preferably, the surface of the fiber material layer is covered with the layer, which comprises:
the fiber bundles are distributed on the surface of the fiber material layer one by one in an equicircular mode by taking the reserved holes as circle centers; wherein the fiber bundle is composed of a plurality of sub-fiber bundles.
More preferably, the thickness of the sub-fiber bundles is less than 1/5 of the thickness of the co-cured molded composite material.
Preferably, when the number of the prepared holes is at least two, L 0 More than 2l; wherein L is 0 And l is the length of the fiber bundle laid on the surface of the fiber material layer through the preformed hole.
More preferably,/, is greater than the thickness of the corresponding co-cured molded composite material.
Preferably, the laying of a layer of fibrous material on the solid structure comprising the at least one preformed hole and the preparation of the riveted structure according to the preformed hole and the bundle of fibers for connecting the solid structure and the layer of fibrous material comprise:
determining the number of paving layers of the fiber material layer according to the thickness of the co-cured molding composite material;
and (3) paving at least one fiber material layer on the solid structural member comprising the at least one preformed hole, and preparing the riveted structure until the number of the paving layers is reached.
Preferably, the laying of a layer of fibrous material on the solid structure comprising the at least one preformed hole and the preparation of the riveted structure according to the preformed hole and the bundle of fibers for connecting the solid structure and the layer of fibrous material comprise:
determining the number of paving layers of the fiber material layer according to the thickness of the co-cured molding composite material;
and paving a fiber material layer on the solid structural member comprising the at least one preformed hole, and preparing the riveting structure after the number of paving layers is reached.
Preferably, after the manufacturing of the riveted structure and before the obtaining of the preform, the method further includes: and paving a fiber material layer on the outermost fiber material layer to cover the riveted structure in the inner part of the prefabricated body.
More preferably, the liquid molding process is adopted to perform molding treatment on the preform; the liquid forming process comprises a resin transfer molding process and a vacuum auxiliary forming process.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a co-cured molded composite material prepared by the preparation method of the first aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention provides a preparation method of an integral co-curing molding composite material based on a high-fiber volume content riveting structure. Wherein, fibre volume content can reach more than 40% among the riveted structure, and this riveted structure evenly spreads behind the preformed hole simultaneously and covers on the fibrous material layer, and is repeated stack on the same direction when avoiding appearing adopting the mode of sewing up to connect two parts, and then leads to piling up the problem of excessive thickness, influences the ply of major structure reinforcing fiber and the intensity of shaping back product. In addition, the preparation method simplifies the molding process, ensures the integral molding of the complex component, and greatly improves the interface performance between the fiber material layer and the solid structural component.
(2) The invention determines the relationship between the hole edge distance and the length of the fiber bundle laid on the surface of the fiber material layer after leading out the preformed hole, reasonably designs the laying position of the fiber bundle, the state of the fiber bundle, the laying thickness of the fiber bundle and the like according to the actual application requirements, adopts a co-curing integral forming method, and obviously improves the connection strength between a solid structural member and the fiber material while ensuring the strength of the co-curing formed composite material obtained after forming.
(3) The invention adopts the fiber bundles to prepare the riveting structure, can furthest exert the weight reduction effect and the cost reduction potential of the composite material while ensuring the connection strength, and has wider application prospect in the aerospace field.
(4) The preparation method provided by the invention has good manufacturability and operability, greatly improves the connection reliability between different materials, improves the production efficiency by adopting integral molding, simplifies the assembly, greatly reduces the production cost, and has good popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of making a co-cured molded composite material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a solid state component having a single via according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a co-cured molded composite material provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a riveted structure according to the present invention arranged on the surface of a fibrous material layer;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a co-cured molded composite material provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a riveted structure provided by the present invention distributed on a surface of a fiber material layer;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a riveted structure according to the present invention arranged on the surface of a fibrous material layer;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a co-cured molded composite material provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of a solid structure having through holes and blind holes according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic bottom view of the solid structural member of FIG. 9 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a riveted structure provided by the present invention on a surface of a layer of fibrous material on one side;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the rivet structure of FIG. 11 on the other side of the surface of the fibrous material layer;
wherein, solid-state structure spare: 201, preparing a hole: 2011, layer of fibrous material: 202, riveting structure: 203.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer and more complete, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a co-curing molding composite material, as shown in fig. 1, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 100: drilling the solid structural member to obtain at least one reserved hole; wherein, the preformed hole is a through hole or a blind hole;
step 102: paving a fiber material layer on a solid structural member comprising at least one preformed hole, and preparing a riveted structure for connecting the solid structural member and the fiber material layer according to the preformed hole and a fiber bundle to obtain a prefabricated body;
step 104: and (3) molding the prefabricated body by adopting a liquid molding process or a prepreg compression molding process to obtain the co-cured molding composite material.
According to some preferred embodiments, the riveted structure is made of a fiber bundle.
In the invention, the riveted structure is made of fiber bundles instead of the traditional rivet or screw connection, so that the damage to the structure of the composite material member caused by adopting a riveting or screwing connection mode is avoided, the weight is increased, and the performance of the composite material member is lower than that of an integrally formed composite material structure.
It should be noted that, the present invention has no special requirements on the types of fibers used in the fiber material layer and the fiber bundle, and those skilled in the art can select a suitable fiber material according to actual needs.
According to some preferred embodiments, the solid state structural member is a metal member or a composite plate member.
In particular, a solid structural member is any material member that has been formed to be useful as a substrate, as distinguished from a layer of fibrous material. The metal member includes but is not limited to a plate made of aluminum and aluminum alloy base materials, steel plate base materials, stainless steel base materials, copper base materials and the like; the composite plate member includes, but is not limited to, a metal composite plate, a composite plate made of a polymer material (such as a thermosetting composite plate), and the like.
According to some preferred embodiments, the preparation method further comprises:
the surface of the solid structural member is pretreated to roughen the surface.
According to some more preferred embodiments, the pre-treatment is sandblasting or sanding.
In the invention, the solid structural part is subjected to roughening treatment, so that the surface area of the solid structural part can be increased, and physical meshing or chemical connection and other effects can be generated, thus the interface performance between the solid structural part and the fiber material layer is further improved and the connection strength is enhanced after solidification and molding.
According to some preferred embodiments, when the number of the preformed holes is one, the preformed holes are located at the center of the solid structural member.
According to some preferred embodiments, the layer of fibrous material is a prepreg or a dry fabric.
According to some preferred embodiments, the fiber bundle consists of a dipped fiber thread or a dry fiber thread.
In the invention, the dry fabric is selected from any one of fiber cloth, and the fiber cloth is selected from any one of unidirectional carbon cloth, plain carbon cloth or satin carbon cloth; the dry fiber wire is selected from any one of carbon fiber and Kevlar wire bundle; the prepreg is selected from any one of carbon fibers; the gum dipping fiber line is selected from any one of carbon fiber and Kevlar fiber; the resin used by the prepreg can be selected according to the actual application requirement.
According to some more preferred embodiments, the layer of fibrous material is a layer of carbon fibres.
According to some more preferred embodiments, the fiber bundle is carbon fiber.
In the invention, the fiber material layer and the fiber bundle are preferably carbon fibers, the carbon fibers have the characteristics of high temperature resistance, friction resistance, electric conduction, heat conduction, corrosion resistance and the like, and the graphite microcrystalline structure of the carbon fibers is preferentially oriented along the fiber axis, so that the carbon fibers have high strength and modulus along the fiber axis direction. The carbon fibers have a low density and thus a high specific strength and a high specific modulus. Compared with aramid fiber commonly used as a suture line, the carbon fiber has good rigidity, and a riveting structure prepared from the carbon fiber has stronger rigidity, so that the interface performance of the co-cured molded composite material can be obviously improved.
According to some preferred embodiments, when the preformed hole is a through hole, step 102 includes:
respectively paving fiber material layers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the solid structural member comprising the through hole, enabling the fiber bundle to penetrate through the reserved hole and the fiber material layers, paving the fiber bundle on the surface of the fiber material layers, and then shaping the fiber bundle to obtain the riveting structure.
According to some preferred embodiments, when the preformed hole is a blind hole, step 102 includes:
and paving a fiber material layer on the surface of the solid structural member provided with the blind hole, fixing one end of the fiber bundle in the bottom area of the blind hole, enabling the other end of the fiber bundle to penetrate through the fiber material layer through the blind hole and be paved on the surface of the fiber material layer, and then shaping the fiber bundle to obtain the riveting structure.
According to some preferred embodiments, the blind hole is a stepped blind hole, and the hole diameter of the bottom region is larger than the hole diameter of the upper region.
According to the invention, the blind hole is set to be the stepped hole, the hole diameter of the bottom area is larger than that of the upper end area, and when one end of the fiber bundle is fixed at the bottom area of the blind hole, a barb structure can be formed, so that the connection strength of the fiber bundle in the blind hole of the solid structural member is further improved, and the reliability of the riveting structure is enhanced.
The fibrous material layer is at least one layer, and may be, for example, 2 layers, 3 layers, 6 layers, 10 layers, or the like. Specifically, the skilled person can design the design according to the requirements for co-curing the shaped composite material.
According to some preferred embodiments, step 102, the fiber material layer is coated on the surface thereof, including:
the fiber bundles are distributed on the surface of the fiber material layer bundle by bundle in an equicircular mode by taking the reserved hole as a circle center; wherein, the fiber bundle is composed of a plurality of sub-fiber bundles.
It should be noted that the fiber bundles laid on the surface of the fiber material layer may also be arranged and distributed on the surface of the fiber material layer bundle by bundle with the reserved holes as the center of circle to avoid overlapping arrangement.
According to some more preferred embodiments, the thickness of the sub-fiber bundles is less than 1/5 of the thickness of the co-cured molded composite material.
According to some preferred embodiments, when the number of the prepared holes is at least two, L 0 More than 2l; wherein L is 0 The length of the fiber bundle laid on the surface of the fiber material layer through the reserved hole is l.
According to some more preferred embodiments, l is greater than the thickness of the corresponding co-cured shaped composite.
According to the invention, the relation between the hole spacing and the hole distance l when a plurality of preformed holes are arranged is limited, so that the phenomena of overlapping and overlapping of fiber bundles which are led out from adjacent preformed holes and paved on the surface of a fiber material layer can be avoided, and the flatness of the internal structure of the prepared co-cured molding composite material is ensured while the length l is ensured. The reinforcing effect of the riveting structure is ensured by setting l to be larger than the thickness of the corresponding co-curing molding composite material, and the condition that the reinforcing effect of the riveting structure is weak or even has no effect when l is too short is avoided. Also, since the thickness of the sub-fiber bundle spread on the surface of the fiber material layer may affect the overall thickness of the co-cured molded composite material, the thickness of the sub-fiber bundle needs to be limited. When the thickness of the sub-fiber bundle satisfies less than 1/5 of the thickness of the co-cured molded composite material, the influence of the thickness of the sub-fiber bundle on the overall thickness can be eliminated. However, for the co-cured composite material with special requirements, the thickness of the sub-fiber bundle needs to be considered, and according to the mechanical calculation, the thickness of the fiber material layer is correspondingly reduced, or the original fiber corresponding to the position of the sub-fiber bundle is extracted from the fiber material layer and replaced by the sub-fiber bundle with equal length, so that the whole thickness of the co-cured composite material can be ensured.
In a preferred embodiment, when the preformed hole is a through hole, step 102 includes: the upper surface and the lower surface of the solid structural member are respectively paved with fiber material layers, fiber bundles penetrate through the reserved holes and the fiber material layers, the fiber bundles are distributed on the surface of the fiber material layers in an equant circle mode by bundles (namely sub-fiber bundles) by taking the through holes as circle centers because the fiber bundles are composed of a plurality of sub-fiber bundles, and then the fiber bundles are shaped to obtain the riveting structure composed of a plurality of I shapes.
In a preferred embodiment, when the preformed hole is a blind hole, step 102 includes: the method comprises the steps of paving a fiber material layer on the surface of a solid structural part provided with a blind hole, fixing one end of a fiber bundle in the bottom area of the blind hole, enabling the other end of the fiber bundle to penetrate through the fiber material layer through the blind hole, distributing the fiber bundle on the surface of the fiber material layer in an equi-circle mode (namely, sub-fiber bundles) by bundles by taking the blind hole as the circle center, and then shaping the fiber bundle to obtain the riveted structure.
It should be noted that, fixing one end of the fiber bundle to the bottom of the blind hole may adopt, but is not limited to, a glue injection curing method. Furthermore, for the blind hole, one end of the fiber bundle needs to be fixed at the bottom of the blind hole before the fiber material layer is laid. The fiber bundle is shaped, and for dry fiber yarns, a spraying shaping agent, a migration method or a powder shaping method can be adopted. The hole positions of the preformed holes of the solid structural member after the fiber material layer is paved can be determined by adopting a template.
Specifically, when the preformed hole is a through hole, the distribution of the riveted structure on the surface of the fiber material layer can be schematically shown in fig. 4, 6 and 7. That is, the caulking structure may form a round surface, a semicircular surface, or the like with l as a radius on the surface of the fiber material layer.
In the invention, the fiber bundle can fill the position of the reserved hole, and the rest gap can be further filled by injecting glue in the molding treatment process. Fiber volume content can reach more than 40% among the riveted structure, and this riveted structure split beam evenly spreads and covers on the fiber material layer behind the preformed hole simultaneously, and is repeated stack on the same direction when avoiding appearing adopting the mode of sewing up to connect two parts, and then leads to piling up thickly, influences the problem of the layer of spreading of major structure reinforcing fiber and the intensity of shaping back product.
According to some preferred embodiments, step 102 comprises:
determining the number of paving layers of the fiber material layer according to the thickness of the co-cured composite material;
and (3) paving at least one fiber material layer on the solid structural member comprising at least one preformed hole, and preparing the riveted structure until the number of paving layers is reached.
According to some preferred embodiments, step 102 comprises:
determining the number of paving layers of the fiber material layer according to the thickness of the co-cured composite material;
and (3) paving a fiber material layer on the solid structural member comprising at least one preformed hole, and preparing the riveted structure after the number of paving layers is reached.
In the invention, the preparation is carried out in the layering process until the laying of the prefabricated body is finished, and the riveted structure can be prepared after one fiber material layer is laid or a plurality of layers are laid or after the complete laying is finished. For example, the fiber bundle has 16 sub-fiber bundles, 5 fiber material layers are laid on the upper surface and the lower surface of the solid structural member, 2 sub-fiber bundles can be penetrated out for preparing the riveted structure when one fiber material layer is laid on each of the upper surface and the lower surface, and 8 sub-fiber bundles can be penetrated out for preparing the riveted structure when a fifth fiber material layer is laid on the upper surface and the lower surface (as shown in fig. 6). That is, in this case, the number of layers of fibrous material through which the sub-fiber bundles of the riveted structure of different layers pass differs, and for the entire co-cured molded composite there are 2 bundles of sub-fibers passing through 2 layers of fibrous material, 2 bundles passing through 4 layers, 2 bundles passing through 6 layers, 2 bundles passing through 8 layers, and 8 bundles passing through 10 layers.
More specifically, as described in the previous example, the laying directions of the sub-fiber bundles on the surface of each layer of the fiber material layer may be the same or different, and those skilled in the art may specifically design the co-cured composite material according to the design requirements, application scenarios, and the like.
In the present invention, for example, the fiber bundle has 16 sub-fiber bundles, 5 fiber material layers are laid on both the upper surface and the lower surface of the solid structural member, and after the 10 fiber material layers are completely laid, the 16 sub-fiber bundles can be led out from the prepared holes and distributed on the surface of the fiber material layers one by one in an equicircular manner to form a circular surface, i.e. the included angle between adjacent fiber bundles is 22.5 ° (as shown in fig. 4); or according to the application scene of the co-curing molding composite material, the fiber bundles are distributed on the surface of the fiber material layer one by one in a circle-dividing mode to form a semi-circle surface, namely the included angle between the adjacent fiber bundles is 12 degrees. That is, in this case, 16 sub-fiber bundles were passed through 10 layers of fiber material for the entire co-cured molded composite.
According to some preferred embodiments, in step 102, after preparing the riveted structure and before obtaining a preform, the method further includes: and laying a fiber material layer on the outermost fiber material layer so as to cover the riveted structure in the inner part of the prefabricated body.
According to the invention, after the riveting structure is prepared, a fiber material layer is laid on the outermost side, and the riveting-like structure is laid on the inner side, so that the riveting structure is prevented from being exposed outside and being easily damaged. After the fiber material layer is paved, the prepared co-cured forming composite material can reach the expected target thickness.
According to some more preferred embodiments, the preform is shaped using a liquid shaping process; the liquid forming process comprises a resin transfer molding process and a vacuum auxiliary forming process.
In the present invention, the liquid molding process is selected from any one of a resin transfer molding process, a vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process, a vacuum infusion process, a thermal expansion resin transfer molding process, a rubber-assisted resin transfer molding process, a light resin transfer molding process, a schieman resin injection molding process, a co-injection resin transfer molding process, and a resin film injection molding process.
Specifically, taking a resin transfer molding process (RTM) as an example, after obtaining a preform, the preform including a riveted structure is placed in a lower mold of an RTM mold, and then an upper mold of the mold is closed. And sealing after die assembly, and injecting resin to enable the resin to soak the prefabricated body. And then carrying out curing molding and demoulding to obtain a co-curing molded composite material, wherein a solid structural member and a fiber material layer in the co-curing molded composite material are integrally molded.
The invention also provides the co-curing molding composite material prepared by the preparation method.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution and advantages of the present invention, a co-cured composite material and a method for preparing the same are described in detail below by way of several examples.
Example 1
A co-cured molded composite material having a thickness of 5mm was prepared, a solid structural member 201 (having a thickness of 1mm, which is an aluminum plate), fiber material layers 202 on the upper and lower surfaces of the solid structural member 201 having a thickness of 2mm, and the fiber material layers 202 each having a size of 50mm × 50mm.
(1) As shown in fig. 2, a hole is drilled in the center of the solid structural member 201 to obtain a through hole 2011 (with a diameter of 2 mm), and the surface of the solid structural member 201 is sandblasted;
(2) As shown in fig. 3, 9 layers of plain carbon fiber fabrics (each layer of plain carbon fiber fabric has a thickness of 0.2 mm) are laid on the upper surface of the solid structure 201, and 9 layers of plain carbon fiber fabrics are laid on the lower surface; the fiber bundle (T300-3K tow, 16 sub-bundles of fibers in total, each sub-bundle having 3000 filaments with a fiber diameter of 7 x 10 -3 mm) passing through the through holes and the total 18 layers of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics on the upper surface and the lower surface, bending and paving the plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics on the surface (shown in figure 4) of the plain-woven carbon fiber fabric distributed on the outermost side one by one (namely, sub-fiber bundles) in an equicircular mode by taking the through holes as the circle centers, wherein l =15mm, and then shaping the fiber bundles to obtain a riveting structure; finally, the riveting of the upper and lower surfaces is covered with a 10 th layer of plain-weave carbon fiber fabricStructuring to obtain a prefabricated body;
wherein the fiber volume content in the riveted structure is 58.5%;
(3) And (2) installing a metal male die and a metal female die, placing the prefabricated body in a die, soaking the prefabricated body prepared by resin by adopting a VARTM (vacuum assisted resin transfer molding) process, and removing the metal male die and the metal female die in sequence after curing to obtain the co-cured forming composite material of the carbon fiber riveting structure with high fiber volume content, light weight and high strength.
Example 2
Example 2 is substantially the same as example 1 except that:
(2) As shown in fig. 5, 3 layers of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics (each layer of plain-woven carbon fiber fabric has a thickness of 0.2 mm) are laid on the upper surface of the solid structural member 201, and 3 layers of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics are laid on the lower surface; then, a fiber bundle (T300-3K fiber tow, 16 bundles of sub-fiber bundles each having 3000 monofilaments with a fiber diameter of 7 x 10 -3 mm) passing through the through holes and 6 layers of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics on the upper surface and the lower surface, taking the through holes as the circle centers, taking 4 bundles of sub-fiber bundles, bending and paving the sub-fiber bundles one by one (namely, the sub-fiber bundles) in an equicircular mode, wherein l =15mm, and then shaping the fiber bundles to obtain a first riveting structure;
then continuously paving 3 layers of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics on the upper surface of the first riveting structure, and paving 3 layers of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics on the lower surface of the first riveting structure; then, enabling the remaining 12 bundles of sub-fiber bundles to penetrate through the 6 layers of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics paved at this time, taking the through holes as the circle centers, bending and paving 4 bundles of sub-fiber bundles one by one on the surface of the 6 th layer (counted from the solid structural member to two sides) of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics in an equant circle mode, wherein l =15mm, and then shaping the fiber bundles to obtain a second riveting structure;
then continuously paving 3 layers of plain weave carbon fiber fabrics on the upper surface of the second riveting structure, and paving 3 layers of plain weave carbon fiber fabrics on the lower surface of the second riveting structure; then, the remaining 8 bundles of sub-fiber bundles penetrate through the 6 layers of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics laid at this time, then, with the through holes as the circle centers, the 8 bundles of sub-fiber bundles are taken and are bent one by one in an equicircular manner to be laid and distributed on the surface (shown in fig. 6) of the 9 th layer (counted from the solid structural member to the two sides) of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics, wherein l =15mm, and then, the fiber bundles are shaped to obtain a third riveting structure;
finally, covering the third riveting structure on the upper surface and the lower surface by adopting a 10 th layer of plain-woven carbon fiber fabric to obtain a prefabricated body; wherein the fiber volume content in the riveted structure is 58.5%.
Example 3
Example 3 is substantially the same as example 2 except that:
a schematic view of the structure of the third caulking structure on the surface of the plain weave carbon fiber fabric is shown in fig. 7.
Example 4
A co-cured molded composite material having a thickness of 5mm was prepared, a solid structural member 201 (3 mm thick, aluminum sheet), a fibrous material layer 202 having a thickness of 2mm, and the dimensions of the solid structural member 201 and the fibrous material layer 202 were 50mm × 50mm.
(1) As shown in fig. 8, a hole is drilled in the center of the solid structural member 201 to obtain a blind hole 2011 (the diameter of the upper end area is 2 mm), and the surface of the solid structural member 201 is sandblasted;
(2) As shown in fig. 8, 9 layers of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics (each layer of plain-woven carbon fiber fabric has a thickness of 0.2 mm) are laid on the upper surface of the solid structural member 201, and 9 layers of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics are laid on the lower surface; then, a fiber bundle (T300-3K fiber tow, 16 bundles of sub-fiber bundles each having 3000 monofilaments with a fiber diameter of 7 x 10 -3 mm) is fixed at the bottom area of the blind hole, the other end of the blind hole is led out from the blind hole to penetrate through 9 layers of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics, then the blind hole is used as the center of a circle, the bundles (namely sub-fiber bundles) are bent and spread on the surface of the 9 th layer of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics in an equally-divided circle mode (as shown in figure 4), l =15mm, and then the fiber bundles are shaped to obtain a riveting structure; finally, covering the surface of the riveting structure by adopting a 10 th layer of plain-woven carbon fiber fabric to obtain a prefabricated body;
wherein, the fiber volume content in the riveting structure is 58.5 percent;
(3) And (2) installing a metal male die and a metal female die, placing the prefabricated body in a die, soaking the prefabricated body prepared by resin by adopting a VARTM (vacuum assisted resin transfer molding) process, and removing the metal male die and the metal female die in sequence after curing to obtain the co-cured forming composite material of the carbon fiber riveting structure with high fiber volume content, light weight and high strength.
Example 5
A co-cured molded composite material with a thickness of 5mm, a solid structural member 201 (with a thickness of 1mm, a carbon fiber composite plate), a fiber material layer 202 on the upper surface and the lower surface of the solid structural member 201, and 50mm in the dimensions of the solid structural member 201 and the fiber material layer 202 were 50mm × 50mm, were prepared.
(1) As shown in fig. 9 and 10, a hole is drilled in the center of the solid structure 201 to obtain 4 prepared holes 2011, wherein 2 through holes (with a diameter of 2 mm) and 2 blind holes (with a diameter of 2mm in the upper end region) are drilled, and the surface of the solid structure 201 is polished with 60-mesh sand paper;
(2) As shown in fig. 11 and 12, 9 layers of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics (each having a thickness of 0.2 mm) are laid on the upper surface of the solid structural member 201, and 9 layers of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics are laid on the lower surface;
aiming at the through hole, the step of preparing the riveting structure comprises the following steps: bundling the fiber bundle (T300-3K fiber bundle, total 16 sub-fiber bundles, each sub-fiber bundle having 3000 monofilaments with a fiber diameter of 7 x 10 -3 mm) passing through the through holes and the total 18 layers of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics on the upper surface and the lower surface, bending and paving the plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics on the surface of the plain-woven carbon fiber fabric distributed on the outermost side one by one (namely, a sub-fiber bundle) in an equally-divided circle mode by taking the through holes as circle centers, wherein l =10mm, and then shaping the fiber bundle to obtain a riveting structure;
aiming at the blind hole, the step of preparing the riveting structure comprises the following steps: bundling the fiber bundle (T300-3K fiber bundle, total 16 sub-fiber bundles, each sub-fiber bundle having 3000 monofilaments with a fiber diameter of 7 x 10 -3 mm) is fixed at the bottom area of the blind hole, the other end of the blind hole is led out from the blind hole and penetrates through 9 layers of plain woven carbon fiber fabrics, and then the blind hole is taken as the center of a circle and is equally divided into circles according to the equal divisionThe fiber bundles are bent and spread on the surface of the 9 th layer of plain-woven carbon fiber fabric one by one (namely, sub-fiber bundles), l =10mm, and then the fiber bundles are shaped to obtain a riveting structure;
finally, covering the riveting structures on the upper surface and the lower surface by adopting a 10 th layer of plain-woven carbon fiber fabric to obtain a prefabricated body; wherein the fiber volume content in the riveted structure is 58.5%;
(3) And (2) installing a metal male die and a metal female die, placing the prefabricated body in a die, soaking the prefabricated body prepared by resin by adopting a VARTM (vacuum assisted resin transfer molding) process, and removing the metal male die and the metal female die in sequence after curing to obtain the co-cured forming composite material of the carbon fiber riveting structure with high fiber volume content, light weight and high strength.
Example 6
Example 6 is substantially the same as example 5 except that:
the 2 blind holes are respectively arranged on two sides of the solid structural member 201.
Fig. 3, 5, and 8 are schematic cross-sectional views obtained by taking a plane where the center of the preformed hole is located as a tangent plane. The layer of fibrous material laid over the riveted structure is not shown in any of figures 3, 5 and 8, and the complete solid structure is not shown, i.e. the length or width of the solid structure is greater than 2l.
The fiber bundle in example 2 can be layered as shown in example 2, that is, the fiber bundle can be shaped 3 times; the fiber bundle can be shaped for the last time after all riveted structures are obtained. Wherein, the fiber bundle shaping mode is determined according to the application and the requirement of the co-curing molding composite material.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Claims (16)
1. A method of making a co-cured molded composite material, the method comprising:
drilling a solid structural member to obtain at least one preformed hole; wherein the preformed hole is a through hole or a blind hole;
laying a layer of fibrous material on the solid structure comprising said at least one preformed hole and preparing a riveted structure according to said preformed hole and the fibre bundle for joining said solid structure and said layer of fibrous material, so as to obtain a preform, comprising:
when the preformed hole is a through hole, respectively paving fiber material layers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the solid structural member comprising the through hole, enabling the fiber bundle to penetrate through the preformed hole and the fiber material layers and be paved on the surfaces of the fiber material layers, and then shaping the fiber bundle to obtain the riveting structure;
when the preformed hole is a blind hole, paving a fiber material layer on the surface of the solid structural member provided with the blind hole, fixing one end of the fiber bundle in the bottom area of the blind hole, enabling the other end of the fiber bundle to penetrate through the fiber material layer through the blind hole and be paved on the surface of the fiber material layer, and then shaping the fiber bundle to obtain the riveting structure;
wherein, the surface of the fiber material layer is paved with the fiber material layer, and the fiber material layer comprises: the fiber bundles are distributed on the surface of the fiber material layer one by one in an equicircular mode by taking the reserved holes as circle centers; wherein the fiber bundle consists of a plurality of sub-fiber bundles;
and carrying out molding treatment on the prefabricated body by adopting a liquid molding process or a prepreg compression molding process to obtain the co-curing molding composite material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the solid structural part is a metal component or a composite board component;
the blind hole is a stepped blind hole, and the aperture of the bottom area is larger than that of the upper end area.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
pretreating the surface of the solid structural part to make the surface rough; the pretreatment is sand blasting or grinding.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
when the number of the preformed holes is one, the preformed holes are located in the center of the solid structural member.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the riveted structure is made of the fiber bundle.
6. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the fiber material layer is prepreg or dry fabric.
7. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the fiber material layer is a carbon fiber layer.
8. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the fiber bundle consists of a gum dipping fiber thread or a dry fiber thread.
9. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the fiber bundle is carbon fiber.
10. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the thickness of the sub-fiber bundle is less than 1/5 of the thickness of the co-cured molding composite material.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein:
when the number of the prepared holes is at least two,L 0 ＞2l(ii) a Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,L 0 the distance between the edges of the holes is,land laying the fiber bundles on the surface of the fiber material layer through the preformed holes.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
lgreater than the thickness of the co-cured molded composite material.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the laying of a layer of fibrous material on the solid structure comprising the at least one preformed hole and the preparation of a riveted structure according to the preformed hole and the fibre bundle for connecting the solid structure and the layer of fibrous material, comprises:
determining the number of paving layers of the fiber material layer according to the thickness of the co-cured molding composite material;
paving at least one fiber material layer on the solid structural member comprising the at least one preformed hole, and preparing a riveting structure until the number of the paving layers is reached;
or the like, or, alternatively,
determining the number of paving layers of the fiber material layer according to the thickness of the co-cured molding composite material;
and paving a fiber material layer on the solid structural member comprising the at least one preformed hole, and preparing the riveting structure after the number of paving layers is reached.
14. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that:
after the preparation of the riveted structure and before the obtaining of the preform, the method further includes: and paving a fiber material layer on the outermost fiber material layer to cover the riveted structure in the inner part of the prefabricated body.
15. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that:
molding the prefabricated body by adopting the liquid molding process; the liquid forming process comprises a resin transfer molding process and a vacuum auxiliary forming process.
16. A co-cured shaped composite material, characterized in that it is obtained by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 15.
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| DE102013109396A1 (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | GEDIA Gebrüder Dingerkus GmbH | Method for producing a component for the automotive industry |
| CN105382986A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-03-09 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Component joining structure and component joining method |
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| DE102013109396A1 (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | GEDIA Gebrüder Dingerkus GmbH | Method for producing a component for the automotive industry |
| CN105382986A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-03-09 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Component joining structure and component joining method |
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