CN115052079B - Method and system for realizing watermark information embedded image based on sequence even spread spectrum - Google Patents
Method and system for realizing watermark information embedded image based on sequence even spread spectrum Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical group [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 101100173586 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) fft2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32267—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations combined with processing of the image
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
- Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for realizing watermark information embedded image based on sequence even spread spectrum, comprising the following steps: acquiring an original watermark and a frequency domain carrier image; generating a sequence pair, and spreading the original watermark based on the length of the sequence pair to obtain spread spectrum watermark information; embedding the spread spectrum watermark information into the frequency domain carrier image to obtain a frequency domain carrier image containing a watermark; and carrying out spatial domain processing on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark to obtain a carrier image containing watermark information. The invention can spread the watermark information by the technical method and simultaneously meet the requirement of the optimal signal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of multimedia, and particularly relates to a method and a system for realizing watermark information embedded image based on sequence even spread spectrum.
Background
In a spread spectrum communication system, gold sequences and m sequences are employed as spreading sequences. At present, when the watermark information is subjected to spread spectrum processing by adopting a Gold sequence and an m sequence, the problem of limitation of certain fixed length exists, when the system has larger sinusoidal interference, the error rate performance of the Gold sequence and the m sequence is slightly poorer, and the requirement of an optimal signal cannot be met when the Gold sequence and the m sequence are adopted to spread the watermark information.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for realizing watermark information embedded image based on sequence even spread spectrum, which solves the problems existing in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for implementing watermark information embedded image based on sequence even spread spectrum, including:
Acquiring an original watermark and a frequency domain carrier image;
generating a sequence pair, and spreading the original watermark based on the length of the sequence pair to obtain spread spectrum watermark information;
embedding the spread spectrum watermark information into the frequency domain carrier image to obtain a frequency domain carrier image containing a watermark;
and carrying out spatial domain processing on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark to obtain a carrier image containing watermark information.
Preferably, the process of acquiring the frequency domain carrier image comprises:
An original carrier image is obtained, and sub-block division is carried out on the original carrier image to obtain a plurality of data blocks; and respectively carrying out two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform on the plurality of data blocks to obtain a frequency domain carrier image.
Preferably, the process of spreading the original watermark comprises:
and performing bit expansion on the original watermark based on the length of the sequence pair to obtain a repeated original watermark, performing exclusive-or spread spectrum processing on the repeated original watermark and the sequence pair, and generating spread spectrum watermark information.
Preferably, the process of obtaining a frequency domain carrier image containing a watermark comprises:
And correspondingly superposing the amplitude spectrum of the frequency domain carrier image with the spread spectrum watermark information to obtain the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark.
Preferably, the process of obtaining a carrier image containing watermark information comprises:
And carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark to obtain a carrier image containing watermark information.
In order to achieve the above technical object, the present invention provides a system for embedding watermark information into an image based on even sequence spread spectrum, comprising: the device comprises an image acquisition module, a watermark spreading module, a watermark embedding module and an image transformation module;
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring an original watermark and a frequency domain carrier image;
the watermark spreading module is used for generating a sequence pair, and spreading the original watermark based on the length of the sequence pair to obtain spread spectrum watermark information;
the watermark embedding module is used for embedding the spread spectrum watermark information into the frequency domain carrier image to obtain a frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark;
The image transformation module is used for carrying out space domain transformation on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark to obtain a carrier image containing watermark information.
Preferably, the image acquisition module includes: a watermark image acquisition unit and a frequency domain image acquisition unit;
The watermark image acquisition unit is used for acquiring an original watermark image;
The frequency domain image acquisition unit is used for acquiring an original carrier image, and performing sub-block division on the original carrier image to obtain a plurality of data blocks; and respectively carrying out two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform on the plurality of data blocks to obtain a frequency domain carrier image.
Preferably, the watermark spreading module comprises: a watermark repetition unit and a watermark spreading unit;
The watermark repeating unit is used for repeating the original watermark according to the length of the sequence pair to obtain the repeated original watermark;
The watermark spreading unit is used for performing exclusive-or spreading processing on the repeated original watermark and the sequence pair to generate spread spectrum watermark information.
Preferably, the watermark embedding module includes: an amplitude superimposing unit;
and the amplitude superposition unit is used for correspondingly superposing the amplitude spectrum of the frequency domain carrier image with the spread spectrum watermark information to obtain the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark.
Preferably, the image transformation module includes: a frequency domain transforming unit;
And the frequency domain transformation unit is used for carrying out inverse Fourier transformation on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark to obtain a carrier image containing watermark information.
The invention has the technical effects that: the invention spreads the frequency of the original watermark based on the even length of the sequence, obtain the watermark information of spread frequency; compared with the prior art, when the watermark is subjected to spread spectrum processing by adopting a sequence even sequence, the problem of limitation of fixed length is avoided, and the requirement of an optimal signal can be met; the invention embeds the spread spectrum watermark information into the frequency domain carrier image, and can obtain the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark; and further performing spatial domain processing on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark, so as to obtain a carrier image containing watermark information in the spatial domain.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of watermark embedding in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a watermark embedding system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of watermark extraction in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and that although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order other than that illustrated herein.
In a spread spectrum communication system, the spreading sequence of a transmitting end and the despreading sequence of a receiving end are not necessarily the same sequence, and as long as the 2 sequences (called sequence pairs) meet certain conditions, the requirements of engineering on the optimal signal can be met, and the difference between the sequence pair spread spectrum system and other systems is also that. The concept of sequence pairs is thus introduced: let X and Y be sequences of N in length, wherein X= (X0, X1, …, xN-1) and Y= (Y0, Y1, …, yN-1), then X and Y are said to form an N long sequence pair, denoted (X, Y); if the element value of the sequence X, Y is positive or negative 1, the sequence pair (X, Y) is called as a binary sequence pair.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the implementation method for embedding watermark information into an image based on sequence even spread spectrum is provided in this embodiment, and includes:
Acquiring an original watermark and a frequency domain carrier image;
Generating a sequence pair, and spreading the original watermark based on the length of the sequence pair to obtain spread spectrum watermark information;
Embedding the spread spectrum watermark information into a frequency domain carrier image to obtain a frequency domain carrier image containing a watermark;
and carrying out spatial domain processing on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark to obtain a carrier image containing watermark information.
In some embodiments, the process of acquiring the frequency domain carrier image includes: the method comprises the steps of obtaining an original carrier image, and carrying out sub-block division on the original carrier image to obtain a plurality of data blocks; and respectively carrying out two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform on the plurality of data blocks to obtain a frequency domain carrier image.
In some embodiments, the process of spreading the original watermark includes: and repeating the original watermark by bits based on the length of the sequence pair to obtain a repeated original watermark, and performing exclusive-or spread spectrum processing on the repeated original watermark and the sequence pair to generate spread spectrum watermark information.
In some embodiments, the process of obtaining a frequency domain carrier image containing a watermark comprises: and correspondingly superposing the amplitude spectrum of the frequency domain carrier image with the spread spectrum watermark information to obtain the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark.
In some embodiments, the process of obtaining a carrier image containing watermark information comprises: and carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark to obtain a carrier image containing watermark information.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the embedding algorithm is a schematic block diagram, where the original carrier image is first sub-block divided into 8×8 data blocks, then each data block is subjected to two-dimensional discrete fourier transform, and then the original watermark information is subjected to preprocessing operation (i.e., spreading it with a sequence pair). After the above-mentioned work is completed, the generated spread spectrum sequence code is used to overlap with the amplitude spectrum of carrier image after sub-block division and DFT conversion, so that it is equivalent to successfully loading the watermark information after the spread treatment into the original carrier image. After the embedding is successful, the image containing watermark information can be obtained by performing inverse discrete Fourier transform on the image.
In this embodiment, the MATLAB implementation process of the embedding algorithm:
The first step: and reasonably setting related parameters such as the embedded intensity coefficient, the size of the partition and the like.
And a second step of: the original carrier image is read in using imread functions in a library of functions, the general use format of which is:
a= imread ('D:/DIGITAL WATERMARKING/yuanshizaitit. Bmp') and the graph is displayed using a imshow function, the original image is then scaled to 512 x 512 pixels using a imresize function.
And a third step of: the original watermark image is also read in using the imshow function and converted to an image of 64 x 64 pixels size using the imresize function and then displayed.
Fourth step: generating a sequence pair X, and repeating the original watermark information for 61 times according to bits, namely the length of the sequence pair used in the text; and then performing exclusive or spread spectrum processing on the X sequences in the sequence pair to generate a new spread spectrum sequence code.
Fifth step: dividing an original carrier image into 8 x 8 data blocks, performing DFT conversion on each data block, namely converting carrier information into a frequency domain by using a fft2 function, and correspondingly superposing spread spectrum watermark information on the amplitude spectrum.
Sixth step: and carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the carrier image with the embedded watermark information by using an ifft2 function, obtaining the carrier image containing the watermark information and displaying the carrier image.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the invention spreads the frequency of the original watermark based on the even length of the sequence, obtain the watermark information of spread frequency; compared with the prior art, when the watermark is subjected to spread spectrum processing by adopting a sequence even sequence, the problem of limitation of fixed length is avoided, and the requirement of an optimal signal can be met; the invention embeds the spread spectrum watermark information into the frequency domain carrier image, and can obtain the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark; and further performing spatial domain processing on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark, so as to obtain a carrier image containing watermark information in the spatial domain.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a system for embedding watermark information into an image based on sequence even spread, including: the device comprises an image acquisition module, a watermark spreading module, a watermark embedding module and an image transformation module;
The image acquisition module is used for acquiring an original watermark and a frequency domain carrier image;
the watermark spreading module is used for generating a sequence pair, and spreading the original watermark based on the length of the sequence pair to obtain spread spectrum watermark information;
the watermark embedding module is used for embedding the spread spectrum watermark information into the frequency domain carrier image to obtain the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark;
And the image transformation module is used for carrying out space domain transformation on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark to obtain the carrier image containing the watermark information.
In some embodiments, the image acquisition module comprises: a watermark image acquisition unit and a frequency domain image acquisition unit; the watermark image acquisition unit is used for acquiring an original watermark image; the frequency domain image acquisition unit is used for acquiring an original carrier image, and performing sub-block division on the original carrier image to obtain a plurality of data blocks; and respectively carrying out two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform on the plurality of data blocks to obtain a frequency domain carrier image.
In some embodiments, the watermark spreading module comprises: a watermark repetition unit and a watermark spreading unit; the watermark repeating unit is used for repeating the original watermark according to the length of the sequence pair to obtain a repeated original watermark; and the watermark spreading unit is used for performing exclusive-or spreading processing on the repeated original watermark and the sequence pair to generate spread spectrum watermark information.
In some embodiments, the watermark embedding module comprises: an amplitude superimposing unit; and the amplitude superposition unit is used for correspondingly superposing the amplitude spectrum of the frequency domain carrier image with the spread spectrum watermark information to obtain the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark.
In some embodiments, the image transformation module comprises: a frequency domain transforming unit; and the frequency domain transformation unit is used for carrying out inverse Fourier transformation on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark to obtain the carrier image containing the watermark information.
Example III
The embodiment provides a watermark extraction principle and MATLAB implementation in watermark information images based on sequence even spread spectrum
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic block diagram of an extraction algorithm is used, which uses steps similar to the embedding algorithm in the foregoing, in that a sub-block division is performed on a carrier image already containing watermark information, then a DFT variation is performed on each sub-block, and thereafter an amplitude comparison is performed with the original carrier image also subjected to the block division and the DFT transformation, thereby effectively extracting spread spectrum watermark information. And after the steps are finished, despreading the extracted spread spectrum information by using a sequence pair Y, so that the original watermark information is obtained.
In this embodiment, the MATLAB implementation procedure of the extraction algorithm:
The first step: the carrier image containing the watermark information and the original carrier image are read in and displayed as imshow functions, respectively.
And a second step of: and carrying out blocking operation on the carrier image containing watermark information and the original image, and respectively carrying out corresponding transformation by using the fft2 function.
And a third step of: comparing the amplitude values of the two image information obtained in the third step, thereby extracting the spread spectrum watermark information, wherein the specific extraction rule is as follows: if the former amplitude is larger than the latter, it indicates that the symbol value in the spreading sequence used before is 1, otherwise, it indicates that the symbol is 0.
Fourth step: despreading, that is, multiplying the spread spectrum watermark information with the sequence even Y bit by bit in a sequence even code element length, then adding the despread sequence in a code period, and comparing with a decision threshold, wherein the sequence even has negative Xiang Guan property, so that if the comparison result is greater than 0, the decision is 0, and if the comparison result is less than 0, the decision is 1.
Fifth step: the extracted watermark image is represented by imshow functions.
In this embodiment, the simulation program runs an experiment, changes the magnitude of the embedding strength k, makes it take 0.015, 0.02, 0.025, 0.03 respectively, runs the program, calculates the values of PSNR and NC, and the experimental comparison result is as follows:
1. embedded strength k=0.015, psnr=93.522, nc= 0.98013;
2. embedding strength k=0.02, psnr=87.671, nc= 0.98279;
3. embedding strength k=0.025, psnr=83.119, nc= 0.98281;
4. The embedding strength k=0.03, psnr=79.385, nc= 0.98409.
According to the experimental results, as the embedding strength is increased, the peak signal-to-noise ratio is gradually reduced, the normalization coefficient is gradually increased, that is, the loss of the carrier image after the watermark is embedded is more and more obvious, but the effect of the extracted watermark is better, which indicates that the contradiction exists between the visibility and the robustness of the watermark.
The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application are intended to be included in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The method for realizing watermark information embedded image based on sequence even spread spectrum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Acquiring an original watermark and a frequency domain carrier image;
generating a sequence pair, and spreading the original watermark based on the length of the sequence pair to obtain spread spectrum watermark information;
the process of spreading the original watermark includes:
performing bit expansion on the original watermark based on the length of the sequence pair to obtain a repeated original watermark, performing exclusive-or spread spectrum processing on the repeated original watermark and the sequence pair, and generating spread spectrum watermark information;
embedding the spread spectrum watermark information into the frequency domain carrier image to obtain a frequency domain carrier image containing a watermark;
and carrying out spatial domain processing on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark to obtain a carrier image containing watermark information.
2. The method for embedding watermark information into an image based on sequence even spreading according to claim 1, wherein,
The process of acquiring the frequency domain carrier image comprises the following steps:
An original carrier image is obtained, and sub-block division is carried out on the original carrier image to obtain a plurality of data blocks; and respectively carrying out two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform on the plurality of data blocks to obtain a frequency domain carrier image.
3. The method for embedding watermark information into an image based on sequence even spreading according to claim 1, wherein,
The process of obtaining the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark comprises the following steps:
And correspondingly superposing the amplitude spectrum of the frequency domain carrier image with the spread spectrum watermark information to obtain the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark.
4. The method for embedding watermark information into an image based on sequence even spreading according to claim 1, wherein,
The process of obtaining a carrier image containing watermark information comprises:
And carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark to obtain a carrier image containing watermark information.
5. A system for embedding watermark information into an image based on sequence even spreading, comprising: the device comprises an image acquisition module, a watermark spreading module, a watermark embedding module and an image transformation module;
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring an original watermark and a frequency domain carrier image;
the watermark spreading module is used for generating a sequence pair, and spreading the original watermark based on the length of the sequence pair to obtain spread spectrum watermark information;
The watermark spreading module comprises: a watermark repetition unit and a watermark spreading unit;
The watermark repeating unit is used for repeating the original watermark according to the length of the sequence pair to obtain the repeated original watermark;
the watermark spreading unit is used for performing exclusive-or spreading processing on the repeated original watermark and the sequence pair to generate spread watermark information;
the watermark embedding module is used for embedding the spread spectrum watermark information into the frequency domain carrier image to obtain a frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark;
The image transformation module is used for carrying out space domain transformation on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark to obtain a carrier image containing watermark information.
6. The system for embedding watermark information into an image based on sequence even spreading according to claim 5,
The image acquisition module includes: a watermark image acquisition unit and a frequency domain image acquisition unit;
The watermark image acquisition unit is used for acquiring an original watermark image;
The frequency domain image acquisition unit is used for acquiring an original carrier image, and performing sub-block division on the original carrier image to obtain a plurality of data blocks; and respectively carrying out two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform on the plurality of data blocks to obtain a frequency domain carrier image.
7. The system for embedding watermark information into an image based on sequence even spreading according to claim 6,
The watermark embedding module comprises: an amplitude superimposing unit;
and the amplitude superposition unit is used for correspondingly superposing the amplitude spectrum of the frequency domain carrier image with the spread spectrum watermark information to obtain the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark.
8. The system for embedding watermark information into an image based on sequence even spreading according to claim 5,
The image transformation module includes: a frequency domain transforming unit;
And the frequency domain transformation unit is used for carrying out inverse Fourier transformation on the frequency domain carrier image containing the watermark to obtain a carrier image containing watermark information.
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