CN115051478A - Hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous time-scale-crossing composite energy storage system and method - Google Patents
Hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous time-scale-crossing composite energy storage system and method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/008—Systems for storing electric energy using hydrogen as energy vector
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/081—Supplying products to non-electrochemical reactors that are combined with the electrochemical cell, e.g. Sabatier reactor
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- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/006—Systems for storing electric energy in the form of pneumatic energy, e.g. compressed air energy storage [CAES]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
- H02J3/144—Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous time-span composite energy storage system and a method, which mainly comprise a compressed air energy storage subsystem, an electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem and related energy/substance interfaces, wherein the compressed air energy storage subsystem comprises a low-pressure compressor, an intercooler, a high-pressure compressor, an aftercooler, an air storage volume, a preheater, a high-pressure combustor, a high-pressure turbine, a low-pressure combustor, a low-pressure turbine, a first clutch, a second clutch, a motor and the like, and the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem comprises a water electrolyzer, an oxygen compressor, a hydrogen compressor, an oxygen storage tank and a hydrogen storage tank. The invention combines the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production by the ultra-long time energy storage technology and the compressed air energy storage by the long time energy storage technology, and shares the energy release device of the compressed air energy storage, thereby realizing the time-space management of the multi-scale electric energy unbalance, enhancing the operation flexibility of the power system and improving the grid-connected capacity of the renewable energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and particularly relates to a hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous time-scale-crossing composite energy storage system and method.
Background
Accelerating the construction of a novel power system mainly based on non-carbon-based energy sources, particularly renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like is imperative. Because wind energy and solar energy resources are limited by meteorological conditions and exhibit fluctuating characteristics, the grid connection of the wind energy and solar energy resources can aggravate uncertainty and disorder of energy flow in the power system, and the power system is required to have extremely high operation flexibility. The energy storage system has the capacity of storing and releasing energy in a time-sharing manner, is high in operation flexibility, can realize the space-time transfer of the amount of unbalance of electric energy (the difference between the load and the power of the renewable energy source), and is favorable for improving the grid-connected capacity level of the renewable energy source.
Generally, the electric energy unbalance amount has a multi-time scale fluctuation characteristic, so that a matched energy storage system has the capability of stabilizing fluctuation of different time scales. When the capacity of renewable energy grid connection is not high, the fluctuation of the electric energy unbalance of medium and short time scales is the main contradiction of the operation of the power system, so that the research in the field of internal energy storage in the industry focuses on the aspects of short-time energy storage (minute level) and long-time energy storage (hour level), and the services of frequency modulation, phase modulation, peak modulation and the like are provided for the power system. However, driven by energy decarburization, the share of renewable energy is rising continuously, so that the imbalance of electric energy in an (ultra) long-time scale is more and more prominent, and an urgent need is brought to an ultra-long-time energy storage (several days, weeks or months, including seasonal energy storage) technology. Meanwhile, a novel power system mainly based on high-proportion renewable energy sources cannot cope with frequent natural disasters and other influences of nonresistible factors, and the power system can be guaranteed to be safe under extreme conditions by the energy storage system for a very long time.
At the present stage, the technologies which are put into commercial use and have the potential of energy storage in an overlong time only have two forms of pumped storage, compressed air energy storage and the like, but currently, the technologies belong to the technical category of long-time energy storage, and do not really have the energy storage capacity in an overlong time. Although pumped storage technology can be feasible for achieving ultra-long-term energy storage in a specific region, the universality is limited due to the terrain conditions and the water shortage period. The compressed air energy storage technology is a mechanical energy storage technology derived from a gas turbine, has the advantages of wide power/energy range, high response speed, excellent partial load performance, long service life and the like, and is a technical form which has great potential and can be popularized to the field of ultra-long time energy storage. On the other hand, the self-dissipation loss is so large that the current technology is difficult to realize the super-long time energy storage in the form of electric energy storage, and the conversion into other energy forms is usually needed, such as through electric heating, electric gas conversion and the like. However, the low-frequency and long-period characteristics of the ultra-long energy storage result in the serious shortage of the utilization rate of the energy release device matched with the ultra-long energy storage.
In conclusion, renewable energy will rapidly increase with the drive of a dual-carbon target, so that the problem of electric energy imbalance of an ultra-long time scale is more and more obvious, and urgent needs are provided for an ultra-long time energy storage technology which is often ignored at the present stage. Although the typical long-term energy storage technology compressed air energy storage has an ultra-long-term energy storage potential, the long-term energy storage technology compressed air energy storage is limited by the volume and pressure conditions of the air storage cavity. In addition, energy storage in the current overlength time can only be realized by a non-electric storage form with extremely low self-loss such as electricity-to-gas or electricity-to-heat, and the like, and the energy storage device belongs to an ideal carrier for realizing the energy storage in the overlength time scale, but faces the problem of serious insufficient utilization rate of an energy release device configured for the energy storage device due to the characteristics of the low-frequency long time period of the overlength time energy storage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous time-span scale composite energy storage system and a method, which overcome the defects in the aspect of the existing ultra-long time energy storage technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous time-span composite energy storage system comprises a compressed air energy storage subsystem and an electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem;
the compressed air energy storage subsystem comprises a low-pressure compressor and a high-pressure compressor which are coaxially arranged, a shaft of the high-pressure compressor is connected to a motor through a first clutch, the compressed air energy storage subsystem also comprises a low-pressure turbine and a high-pressure turbine which are coaxially arranged, a shaft of the high-pressure turbine is connected to the motor through a second clutch, and the motor is connected with a power grid;
the inlet end of the low-pressure compressor is communicated with ambient air, the outlet end of the low-pressure compressor is connected to the inlet end of the high-pressure compressor after heat exchange through an intercooler, the outlet end of the high-pressure compressor is connected to a gas storage volume after heat exchange through an aftercooler, the outlet end of the gas storage volume is connected to a high-pressure combustor together with hydrogen generated by the electric-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem after heat exchange through a preheater, the outlet end of the high-pressure combustor is connected to the inlet end of a high-pressure turbine, the outlet end of the high-pressure turbine and the hydrogen generated by the electric-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem are connected to a low-pressure combustor together, and the outlet end of the low-pressure combustor is connected to the inlet end of the low-pressure turbine;
when the load demand of a user is lower than the electric energy supply of the power system, the heterogeneous time-span composite energy storage system operates in the energy storage process, the first clutch of the compressed air energy storage subsystem is engaged, the second clutch is disconnected, the motor operates in a motor mode, and meanwhile, the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem produces hydrogen and stores the hydrogen; when the load demand of a user is higher than the electric energy supply of the power system, the heterogeneous time-span-scale composite energy storage system operates in an energy release process, a first clutch of the compressed air energy storage subsystem is disconnected, a second clutch is engaged, the motor operates in a generator mode, and meanwhile the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem releases hydrogen; when the air storage volume has no available compressed air but needs to output electric energy, the heterogeneous time-scale-crossing composite energy storage system operates in a simple power generation mode, the first clutch and the second clutch of the compressed air energy storage subsystem are both meshed, and the motor operates in a generator mode.
Furthermore, the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem comprises a water electrolysis tank, the water electrolysis tank is powered by a power grid, the inlet end of the water electrolysis tank is connected with a water supply pipeline, the oxygen outlet end and the hydrogen outlet end of the water electrolysis tank are respectively connected to an oxygen storage tank and a hydrogen storage tank through an oxygen compressor and a hydrogen compressor, and the outlet end of the hydrogen storage tank is respectively connected to a high-pressure combustor and a low-pressure combustor.
Further, the hydrogen outlet end of the water electrolyzer is also connected to a hydrogen transport port.
Further, the outlet end of the hydrogen storage tank is also connected to a gas network.
Further, the intercooler and the aftercooler exchange heat through cooling media.
Further, the preheater exchanges heat with the exhaust gas of the low-pressure turbine.
A hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous time-scale-crossing composite energy storage method is characterized in that when the load demand of a user is lower than the electric energy supply of an electric power system, a heterogeneous time-scale-crossing composite energy storage system operates in an energy storage process; at the moment, the electric energy unbalance amount sequence extracts different time scale fluctuation information of the electric energy unbalance amount through a frequency division algorithm, and determines energy storage sequences distributed to the compressed air energy storage subsystem and the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem; for the compressed air energy storage subsystem, the first clutch is engaged, the second clutch is disconnected, the motor operates in a motor mode, the energy storage electric power sequence distributed to the compressed air energy storage subsystem drives the compressor to rotate, ambient air firstly flows into the intercooler after being boosted in the low-pressure compressor, the air is cooled after the cooling medium takes away heat in the compression process, then the air is sent into the high-pressure compressor to be boosted continuously, the boosted air transfers the heat in the compression process to the cooling medium in the aftercooler and then is cooled, and then the air is stored in the air storage volume, and for the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem, the energy storage electric power sequence distributed to the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem realizes hydrogen production storage;
when the load demand of a user is higher than the electric energy supply of an electric power system, the electric energy unbalance amount is positive, an electric energy gap exists, the heterogeneous cross-time scale composite energy storage system operates in the energy release process, at the moment, the electric energy unbalance amount sequence extracts different time scale fluctuation information of the electric energy unbalance amount through a frequency division algorithm, the energy release sequences of the compressed air energy storage subsystem and the electric gas conversion hydrogen production subsystem and the corresponding air flow and hydrogen flow are determined, for the compressed air energy storage subsystem, the first clutch is disconnected, the second clutch is engaged, the motor operates in a generator mode, high-pressure air in the air storage volume enters the preheater according to the air flow demand to absorb turbine exhaust waste heat for preheating, then enters the high-pressure combustor, and is combusted together with a piece of hydrogen sent by the electric gas conversion hydrogen production subsystem to generate high-temperature high-pressure gas, and then the high-temperature high-pressure gas flows into the high-pressure turbine to expand to do work, the exhaust gas after temperature reduction and pressure reduction enters a low-pressure combustor, is combusted together with another hydrogen gas sent by the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem again to raise the temperature, and is sent into a low-pressure turbine to expand and do work, the exhaust gas doing work is discharged in a preheater to exchange residual heat to high-pressure air flowing out of a gas storage volume and then is exhausted, and a high-pressure turbine and a low-pressure turbine which are coaxially arranged drive a generator to generate electricity to make up for an electric energy gap;
when the air storage volume has no available compressed air but needs to output electric energy, the heterogeneous cross-time-scale composite energy storage system operates in a simple power generation mode, the first clutch and the second clutch ()2 are both meshed, the motor operates in a generator mode, and the compressed air energy storage subsystem operates to generate power according to the circulation of the gas turbine.
Furthermore, the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem comprises a water electrolysis tank, the water electrolysis tank is powered by a power grid, the inlet end of the water electrolysis tank is connected with a water supply pipeline, the oxygen outlet end and the hydrogen outlet end of the water electrolysis tank are respectively connected to an oxygen storage tank and a hydrogen storage tank through an oxygen compressor and a hydrogen compressor, and the outlet end of the hydrogen storage tank is respectively connected to a high-pressure combustor and a low-pressure combustor;
when the heterogeneous time-span-based composite energy storage system operates in an energy storage process, for the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem, the energy storage electric power sequence distributed to the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem is introduced into an electrolytic water tank for water electrolysis to produce oxygen and hydrogen, and the oxygen and the hydrogen are compressed by an oxygen compressor and a hydrogen compressor respectively and then stored in an oxygen storage tank and a hydrogen storage tank.
Further, when the heterogeneous time-span composite energy storage system operates in an energy release process, high-pressure air in the air storage volume enters a preheater according to air flow requirements to absorb turbine exhaust waste heat for preheating and then enters a high-pressure combustor, the high-pressure air and a flow of hydrogen sent by a hydrogen storage tank in the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem are combusted together to generate high-temperature high-pressure gas, then the high-temperature high-pressure gas flows into the high-pressure turbine to expand and do work, the exhaust gas after temperature reduction and pressure reduction enters a low-pressure combustor, the exhaust gas and another flow of hydrogen sent by the hydrogen storage tank are combusted together for heating again and then are sent into a low-pressure turbine to expand and do work, and the exhaust gas after working exchanges the waste heat to the high-pressure air flowing out of the air storage volume in the preheater and then is exhausted.
Furthermore, the outlet end of the hydrogen storage tank is also connected to an air network, when the heterogeneous cross-time-scale composite energy storage system operates in a simple power generation mode, hydrogen sent from the hydrogen storage tank in the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem or natural gas sent from the air network is sent to a combustor, and the compressed air energy storage subsystem operates according to the cycle of the gas turbine to generate power.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention can realize the long-time energy storage function and the characteristics of a fuel interface existing in compressed air energy storage and the like based on the ultra-long-time energy storage technology, combines the hydrogen production by the electro-transformation of the ultra-long-time energy storage technology and the compressed air energy storage of the long-time energy storage technology, and shares an energy release device to form a hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous cross-scale composite energy storage system. The system can realize large-scale energy controllable transfer in a wide time scale range, and has important significance and scientific value for consuming high-proportion renewable energy and building a novel power system.
Furthermore, the system not only has the characteristics of cross-time scale (long time scale and ultra-long time scale), heterogeneous energy storage (hydrogen storage and electricity storage) and zero carbon emission (hydrogen combustion), but also can increase a simple power generation mode of the compressed air energy storage system on the basis of the original energy storage and energy release idle mode, and the hydrogen production by converting electricity into gas belongs to a flexible power load, so that the system has a wider regulation range and more flexible operation characteristics.
Furthermore, by connecting the gas network, the system disclosed by the invention can realize zero carbon emission by adopting hydrogen after-burning at other time except for using natural gas under extreme conditions, can also improve the turbine inlet temperature at the energy release stage to improve the energy release power level, and can also realize wide-range energy release power adjustment by adjusting the turbine inlet temperature through changing the fuel-air ratio.
Furthermore, the hydrogen production mode from electricity to gas can realize energy fluctuation management on a time scale, and can realize energy space transfer and energy supply and demand balance in a wider region range through hydrogen transportation (liquid hydrogen transportation or natural gas pipeline hydrogen loading transportation) on a space scale due to the existence of hydrogen medium, thereby effectively relieving the blockage of a power transmission network and reducing the upgrading requirement on a power grid. In addition, the existence of the hydrogen medium enables the system to have the potential of being coupled with various systems, not only can the power grid-gas grid decoupling in the comprehensive energy system be realized, but also media such as methane, ammonia or other liquid fuels can be prepared through a further chemical process, and the energy storage and the comprehensive utilization in a wider range can be realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous time-span composite energy storage system according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a first clutch; 2. a second clutch; 3. a motor; 4. a low pressure compressor; 5. an intercooler; 6. a high pressure compressor; 7. an aftercooler; 8. a gas storage volume; 9. a preheater; 10. a high pressure combustor; 11. a high pressure turbine; 12. a low pressure combustor; 13. a low pressure turbine; a1, a water electrolyzer; a2, an oxygen compressor; a3, hydrogen compressor; a4, an oxygen storage tank; a5, hydrogen storage tank.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention couples a compressed air energy storage technology with an electricity-to-gas hydrogen production technology, and forms a heterogeneous cross-scale composite energy storage system based on compressed air energy storage and hydrogen-electricity coupling by using a hydrogen-burning gas turbine technology and sharing an energy release device of a compressed air energy storage system. The system has three operation modes of energy storage, energy release, simple power generation and the like.
The system comprises a compressed air energy storage subsystem, an electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem and other energy/substance interfaces. The compressed air energy storage subsystem comprises an air compressor, a gas cooler, an air storage volume, a gas preheater, a hydrogen combustion burner, a turbine, a clutch, a generator/motor and other core components; the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem comprises core components such as a water electrolyzer, a hydrogen compressor, an oxygen compressor, a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank; the system also comprises an expandable heat energy interface, an oxygen interface, a hydrogen moving and transporting end, a hydrogen mixing and conveying interface through a gas network, and the like, and a gas network input port which can provide fuel gas in extreme cases.
The electric energy unbalance amount with the positive and negative alternation characteristic is formed after the difference between the user load demand and the electric energy supply of the electric power system, if the electric energy unbalance amount is negative, redundant electric energy exists, the system operates in an energy storage mode, and otherwise, the system operates in an energy release mode. Meanwhile, the electric energy unbalance amount extracts different time scale fluctuation characteristics of the electric energy unbalance amount through a frequency division algorithm, such as frequency spectrum decomposition, wavelet decomposition and the like, so as to formulate energy storage/release sequences of different subsystems in the system in the energy storage/release process.
When the air cooler operates in the energy storage mode, the energy storage electric power sequence distributed to the compressed air energy storage subsystem drives the compressor to rotate, and the ambient air is compressed and stored in the air storage volume after being cooled in the air cooler, so that the total air quantity and the air pressure in the air storage volume are increased. And simultaneously, the stored energy electric power sequence distributed to the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem is introduced into an electrolytic water tank for water electrolysis to produce oxygen and hydrogen, and the oxygen and the hydrogen are respectively compressed by an oxygen compressor and a hydrogen compressor and then stored in an oxygen storage tank and a hydrogen storage tank.
When operating in the de-energized mode, the sub-system de-energized sequence determined by the crossover algorithm may determine corresponding air and hydrogen flows. High-pressure air in the air storage volume of the compressed air energy storage subsystem enters an air preheater to absorb turbine exhaust waste heat according to the air flow demand for preheating, then is combusted together with hydrogen sent by a hydrogen storage tank in the electric gas conversion hydrogen production subsystem in a hydrogen combustion burner, and the air enters a turbine to expand and do work after being further heated. The working exhaust gas is exhausted after the residual heat is exchanged to the high-pressure cold air flowing out of the air storage volume in the air preheater.
When the gas storage volume has no available compressed air but needs to output electric energy, the composite energy storage system operates in a simple power generation mode, namely a gas turbine operation mode, and at the moment, the system operates to generate power according to the gas turbine principle by taking hydrogen of a hydrogen storage tank of the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem or natural gas of a gas network as fuel.
The composite energy storage system not only has the characteristics of cross-time scale (long time scale and ultra-long time scale), heterogeneous energy storage (hydrogen storage and electricity storage) and zero carbon emission (hydrogen combustion), but also can increase a simple power generation mode on the basis of the original energy storage and energy release idle mode of the compressed air energy storage system, and the hydrogen production by converting electricity into gas belongs to a flexible power load, so that the system has a wider adjustment range and more flexible operation characteristics.
The composite energy storage system disclosed by the invention uses natural gas under extreme conditions, adopts hydrogen afterburning at other times, can realize zero carbon emission, can improve the turbine inlet temperature in an energy release stage to improve the energy release power grade, and can adjust the turbine inlet temperature through changing the fuel-air ratio to realize wide-range energy release power adjustment.
The hydrogen production mode from electricity to gas of the composite energy storage system can realize energy fluctuation management on a time scale, and can realize space transfer of energy and energy supply and demand balance in a wider region range through hydrogen transportation (liquid hydrogen transportation or natural gas pipeline hydrogen loading transportation) due to the existence of hydrogen medium on a space scale, thereby effectively relieving the blockage of a power transmission network and reducing the upgrading requirement on the power grid. In addition, the existence of the hydrogen medium enables the system to have the potential of being coupled with various systems, not only can the power grid-gas grid decoupling in the comprehensive energy system be realized, but also media such as methane, ammonia or other liquid fuels can be prepared through a further chemical process, and the energy storage and the comprehensive utilization in a wider range can be realized.
The system combines the electricity-gas conversion hydrogen production by the ultra-long time energy storage technology and the compressed air energy storage by the long time energy storage technology by referring to the hydrogen combustion gas turbine technology, shares the energy release device of the compressed air energy storage, is beneficial to stabilizing the renewable energy fluctuation of different time scales, and has important practical significance for building a novel power system and implementing a double-carbon target.
Examples
A hydrogen-electrically coupled heterogeneous cross-time scale composite energy storage system, see fig. 1. The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a hydrogen-electric coupled heterogeneous time-scale-crossing composite energy storage system is used for describing the working principle of the system in detail. The system mainly comprises a compressed air energy storage subsystem, an electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem and related energy/substance interfaces. The compressed air energy storage subsystem comprises a low-pressure compressor 4, an intercooler 5, a high-pressure compressor 6, an aftercooler 7, an air storage volume 8, a preheater 9, a high-pressure combustor 10, a high-pressure turbine 11, a low-pressure combustor 12, a low-pressure turbine 13, a first clutch 1, a second clutch 2, a motor 3 and the like, and the electric-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem comprises a water electrolyzer A1, an oxygen compressor A2, a hydrogen compressor A3, an oxygen storage tank A4 and a hydrogen storage tank A5.
The main working principle is described as follows:
the electric energy unbalance quantity formed by subtracting the electric energy supply of the electric power system from the user load demand not only has positive and negative alternation characteristics, but also has multi-time scale fluctuation characteristics. According to the positive and negative alternation characteristics of the electric energy unbalance, the working process of the heterogeneous time-scale-crossing composite energy storage system can be divided into an energy storage process and an energy release process.
When the load demand of a user is lower than the electric energy supply of the power system, the electric energy unbalance amount is negative, redundant electric energy exists, and the heterogeneous time-span composite energy storage system operates in an energy storage process. At the moment, the electric energy unbalance amount sequence extracts different time scale fluctuation information of the electric energy unbalance amount through a frequency division algorithm, and determines the energy storage sequences distributed to the compressed air energy storage subsystem and the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem. For the compressed air energy storage sub-system, the first clutch 1 is engaged, the second clutch 2 is disengaged, and the electric machine 3 is operated in motor mode. The stored energy electric power sequence distributed to the subsystem drives the compressor to rotate, ambient air firstly flows into the intercooler 5 after being boosted in the low-pressure compressor 4, the air is cooled after the cooling medium takes away heat in the compression process, then the air is sent into the high-pressure compressor 6 to be boosted continuously, the boosted air is cooled after the heat in the compression process is transmitted to the cooling medium in the intercooler 7 and then is stored in the air storage volume 8, and therefore the total air quantity and the air pressure in the air storage volume 8 are increased. For the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem, the stored energy electric power sequence distributed to the subsystem is introduced into an electrolytic water tank A1 for water electrolysis to prepare oxygen and hydrogen, and the oxygen and the hydrogen are respectively compressed by an oxygen compressor A2 and a hydrogen compressor A3 and then stored in an oxygen storage tank A4 and a hydrogen storage tank A5.
When the load demand of a user is higher than the electric energy supply of the power system, the electric energy unbalance amount is positive, an electric energy gap exists, and the heterogeneous time-span composite energy storage system operates in the energy release process. At the moment, the electric energy unbalance amount sequence extracts different time scale fluctuation information of the electric energy unbalance amount through a frequency division algorithm, and determines the energy release sequence of the compressed air energy storage subsystem and the electric gas-to-hydrogen production subsystem and the corresponding air flow and hydrogen flow. For the compressed air energy storage sub-system, the first clutch 1 is disengaged, the second clutch 2 is engaged, and the electric machine 3 is operated in generator mode. High-pressure air in the air storage volume 8 enters a preheater 9 according to the air flow demand to absorb turbine exhaust waste heat for preheating, then enters a high-pressure combustor 10, and is combusted together with a stream of hydrogen sent from a hydrogen storage tank A5 in the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem to generate high-temperature high-pressure gas, then the high-temperature high-pressure gas flows into a high-pressure turbine 11 to expand and work, the exhaust gas after temperature reduction and pressure reduction enters a low-pressure combustor 12, and is combusted together with another stream of hydrogen sent from a hydrogen storage tank A5 again for heating, and then is sent into a low-pressure turbine 13 to expand and work, and the residual heat is exchanged by the acting exhaust gas in the preheater 9 to the high-pressure air flowing out from the air storage volume 8 to be exhausted. The high-pressure turbine 11 and the low-pressure turbine 13 which are coaxially arranged drive a generator to generate electricity, and an electric energy gap is made up. In addition, the sum of the hydrogen flow rates fed to the high pressure combustor 10 and the low pressure combustor 12 is equivalent to the calculated value of the frequency division algorithm.
When the air storage volume 8 has no available compressed air but requires electrical energy output, the system operates in a simple power generation mode, the first clutch 1 and the second clutch 2 are both engaged, and the electric machine 3 operates in a generator mode. The hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank A5 in the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem or the natural gas from the gas network is sent to the combustor, and the compressed air energy storage subsystem generates electricity according to the cycle operation of the gas turbine.
The heterogeneous cross-time-scale composite energy storage system of the invention has multiple energy/material interfaces. The heat of the compression process of the compressed air energy storage subsystem in the energy storage stage is taken away by the cooling medium in the intercooler 5 and the aftercooler 7, and the part of the heat energy can be further used. The hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank A5 of the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem can be sent to be utilized in other places, such as by hydrogen transportation or natural gas network transportation; meanwhile, under extreme conditions, the heterogeneous time-span composite energy storage system can also utilize fuel gas of the gas network to realize energy release.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous time-span composite energy storage system is characterized by comprising a compressed air energy storage subsystem and an electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem;
the compressed air energy storage subsystem comprises a low-pressure compressor (4) and a high-pressure compressor (6) which are coaxially arranged, a shaft of the high-pressure compressor (6) is connected to a motor (3) through a first clutch (1), the compressed air energy storage subsystem further comprises a low-pressure turbine (13) and a high-pressure turbine (11) which are coaxially arranged, the shaft of the high-pressure turbine (11) is connected to the motor (3) through a second clutch (2), and the motor (3) is connected with a power grid;
the inlet end of the low-pressure compressor (4) is communicated with ambient air, the outlet end of the low-pressure compressor (4) is connected to the inlet end of the high-pressure compressor (6) after heat exchange through an intercooler (5), the outlet end of the high-pressure compressor (6) is connected to the gas storage volume (8) after heat exchange through an aftercooler (7), the outlet end of the gas storage volume (8) is connected to the high-pressure combustor (10) together with hydrogen generated by the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem after heat exchange through a preheater (9), the outlet end of the high-pressure combustor (10) is connected to the inlet end of the high-pressure turbine (11), the outlet end of the high-pressure turbine (11) and hydrogen generated by the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem are connected to the low-pressure combustor (12) together, and the outlet end of the low-pressure combustor (12) is connected to the inlet end of the low-pressure turbine (13);
when the load demand of a user is lower than the electric energy supply of the power system, the heterogeneous time-span composite energy storage system operates in the energy storage process, the first clutch (1) of the compressed air energy storage subsystem is engaged, the second clutch (2) is disconnected, the motor (3) operates in a motor mode, and meanwhile, the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem produces hydrogen and stores the hydrogen; when the load demand of a user is higher than the electric energy supply of the power system, the heterogeneous time-span-scale composite energy storage system operates in an energy release process, a first clutch (1) of the compressed air energy storage subsystem is disconnected, a second clutch (2) is engaged, a motor (3) operates in a generator mode, and meanwhile, the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem releases hydrogen; when the air storage volume (8) has no available compressed air but needs to output electric energy, the heterogeneous time-span scale composite energy storage system operates in a simple power generation mode, the first clutch (1) and the second clutch (2) of the compressed air energy storage subsystem are both meshed, and the motor (3) operates in a generator mode.
2. A hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous cross-time scale composite energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-electricity-coupled hydrogen production subsystem comprises a water electrolysis tank (a1), the water electrolysis tank (a1) is powered by a power grid, the inlet end of the water electrolysis tank (a1) is connected with a water supply pipeline, the oxygen outlet end and the hydrogen outlet end of the water electrolysis tank (a1) are respectively connected to an oxygen storage tank (a4) and a hydrogen storage tank (a5) through an oxygen compressor (a2) and a hydrogen compressor (A3), and the outlet end of the hydrogen storage tank (a5) is respectively connected to the high-pressure combustor (10) and the low-pressure combustor (12).
3. A hydrogen-electrically coupled heterogeneous cross-time scale composite energy storage system according to claim 2, wherein the hydrogen outlet port of the water electrolyser (a1) is further connected to a hydrogen transport port.
4. A hydrogen-electrically coupled heterogeneous cross-time scale composite energy storage system according to claim 2, wherein the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank (a3) is further connected to an air network.
5. A hydrogen-electrically coupled heterogeneous cross-time scale composite energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the intercooler (5) and the aftercooler (7) exchange heat through cooling media.
6. A hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous time-scale-crossing composite energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the preheater (9) exchanges heat with the exhaust of a low pressure turbine (13).
7. A hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous time-scale-crossing composite energy storage method adopts the hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous time-scale-crossing composite energy storage system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and is characterized in that when the load demand of a user is lower than the electric energy supply of an electric power system, the heterogeneous time-scale-crossing composite energy storage system operates in an energy storage process; at the moment, the electric energy unbalance amount sequence extracts different time scale fluctuation information of the electric energy unbalance amount through a frequency division algorithm, and determines energy storage sequences distributed to the compressed air energy storage subsystem and the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem; for the compressed air energy storage subsystem, the first clutch (1) is engaged, the second clutch (2) is disconnected, the motor (3) operates in a motor mode, the energy storage electric power sequence distributed to the compressed air energy storage subsystem drives the compressor to rotate, ambient air is firstly boosted in the low-pressure compressor (4) and then flows into the intercooler (5), the cooling medium takes away heat in the compression process and then cools the air, the air is sent into the high-pressure compressor (6) to be boosted continuously, the boosted air transfers the heat in the compression process to the cooling medium in the aftercooler (7) and then is cooled and stored in the air storage volume (8), and for the electric-to-gas conversion hydrogen production subsystem, the energy storage electric power sequence distributed to the electric-to-conversion hydrogen production subsystem realizes hydrogen production and storage;
when the load demand of a user is higher than the electric energy supply of an electric power system, the electric energy unbalance amount is positive, an electric energy gap exists, the heterogeneous cross-time scale composite energy storage system operates in the energy release process, at the moment, the electric energy unbalance amount sequence extracts different time scale fluctuation information of the electric energy unbalance amount through a frequency division algorithm, the energy release sequences of the compressed air energy storage subsystem and the electric gas conversion hydrogen production subsystem and the corresponding air flow and hydrogen flow are determined, for the compressed air energy storage subsystem, the first clutch (1) is disconnected, the second clutch (2) is engaged, the motor (3) operates in a generator mode, high-pressure air in the air storage volume (8) enters the preheater (9) to absorb the turbine exhaust waste heat for preheating according to the air flow demand and then enters the high-pressure combustor (10), and a strand of hydrogen sent by the electric gas conversion hydrogen production subsystem is combusted together to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas, then high-temperature and high-pressure gas flows into a high-pressure turbine (11) to perform expansion work, the exhaust gas after temperature reduction and pressure reduction enters a low-pressure combustor (12), the exhaust gas is combusted together with another hydrogen gas sent by the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem again to heat, and then is sent into a low-pressure turbine (13) to perform expansion work, the exhaust gas after work is performed exchanges residual heat in a preheater (9) with high-pressure air flowing out of a gas storage volume (8) and then is exhausted, and the high-pressure turbine (11) and the low-pressure turbine (13) which are coaxially arranged drive a generator to generate electricity to make up an electric energy gap;
when the air storage volume (8) has no available compressed air but needs to output electric energy, the heterogeneous cross-time-scale composite energy storage system operates in a simple power generation mode, the first clutch (1) and the second clutch ()2 are both meshed, the motor (3) operates in a generator mode, and the compressed air energy storage subsystem operates to generate power according to the circulation of the gas turbine.
8. A hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous cross-time scale composite energy storage method according to claim 7, wherein the hydrogen production subsystem through electricity conversion comprises a water electrolysis tank (A1), the water electrolysis tank (A1) is powered by an electric network, the inlet end of the water electrolysis tank (A1) is connected with a water supply pipeline, the oxygen outlet end and the hydrogen outlet end of the water electrolysis tank (A1) are respectively connected to an oxygen storage tank (A4) and a hydrogen storage tank (A5) through an oxygen compressor (A2) and a hydrogen compressor (A3), and the outlet end of the hydrogen storage tank (A5) is respectively connected to the high-pressure combustor (10) and the low-pressure combustor (12);
when the heterogeneous time-span scale composite energy storage system operates in an energy storage process, for the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem, the energy storage electric power sequence distributed to the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem is introduced into an electrolytic water tank (A1) to carry out water electrolysis to produce oxygen and hydrogen, and the oxygen and the hydrogen are respectively compressed by an oxygen compressor (A2) and a hydrogen compressor (A3) and then stored in an oxygen storage tank (A4) and a hydrogen storage tank (A5).
9. The hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous cross-time scale composite energy storage method according to claim 8, the method is characterized in that when the heterogeneous time-span scale composite energy storage system operates in the energy release process, high-pressure air in the air storage volume (8) enters a preheater (9) according to the air flow demand to absorb turbine exhaust waste heat for preheating and then enters a high-pressure combustor (10), the high-temperature high-pressure gas and a hydrogen gas sent from a hydrogen storage tank (A5) in the electric gas-to-hydrogen subsystem are combusted together to generate high-temperature high-pressure gas, then the high-temperature high-pressure gas flows into a high-pressure turbine (11) to expand and do work, the exhaust gas after temperature and pressure reduction enters a low-pressure combustor (12), and after the high-temperature high-pressure gas and the other hydrogen gas sent from a hydrogen storage tank (A5) are combusted together to heat, the waste heat is sent to a low-pressure turbine (13) to do work through expansion, and the waste heat is exchanged to high-pressure air flowing out of the air storage volume (8) in a preheater (9) through exhaust gas which does work and is then exhausted.
10. The method for hydrogen-electricity coupled heterogeneous cross-time scale composite energy storage according to claim 8, wherein the outlet end of the hydrogen storage tank (A5) is further connected to a gas network, when the heterogeneous cross-time scale composite energy storage system operates in a simple power generation mode, hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank (A5) in the electricity-to-gas hydrogen production subsystem or natural gas from the gas network is fed into a combustor, and the compressed air energy storage subsystem operates according to a gas turbine cycle to generate power.
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