CN115051451A - Multi-stage battery combiner and control method - Google Patents

Multi-stage battery combiner and control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115051451A
CN115051451A CN202210978543.5A CN202210978543A CN115051451A CN 115051451 A CN115051451 A CN 115051451A CN 202210978543 A CN202210978543 A CN 202210978543A CN 115051451 A CN115051451 A CN 115051451A
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China
Prior art keywords
storage battery
voltage
switch
battery
power
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CN202210978543.5A
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CN115051451B (en
Inventor
蔡恩雨
冬雷
郝颖
范泽宇
朱灏
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Beijing Power Kingkong Technology Co ltd
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Beijing Power Kingkong Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/068—Electronic means for switching from one power supply to another power supply, e.g. to avoid parallel connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/08—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems requiring starting of a prime-mover
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-stage battery combiner and a control method thereof. The important load and the non-important load are distinguished through the combiner, power can be supplied to all loads simultaneously during normal power supply, and power is supplied to the important load preferentially when the power is insufficient; the first storage battery and the second storage battery are matched, so that the reliability of the system is improved, and meanwhile, the first storage battery and the second storage battery simultaneously supply power to the starting/power generator in the starting stage, and the starting is more reliable. When the multi-stage battery combiner does not work, the power can still be supplied to the starting/power generator and the important load through the anti-parallel body diode of the first switch and the anti-parallel body diode of the second switch, and the power supply reliability and the safety of the system are improved.

Description

Multi-stage battery combiner and control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power supplies, in particular to a multi-stage battery combiner in an energy storage system and a control method.
Background
Battery powered systems are commonly used in backup power supplies for mobile or stationary devices. The batteries currently used for mobile power supply systems include lead-acid batteries, lithium ion batteries, and the like. Along with the power of the power utilization system is larger and larger, the capacity expansion of the battery is often needed. The capacity, characteristics, or types of the newly added battery and the original battery are completely different, so that the combiner is required to perform parallel operation on the same or different batteries.
In the prior art, the battery combining circuits all supply power to the loads at the same time, and when the power of the battery is insufficient, all the loads cannot use the power, for example, chinese patent CN 109831018A discloses a power combining circuit for supplying power to the vehicle-mounted wireless communication terminal by power combining; CN 211239413U discloses a multi-path battery combination for supplying power to a load. However, in practical use, the load is divided into an important load and a non-important load, and the power supply to the important load is always required to be continuous and stable, so that the power supply method is not suitable for supplying power to the important load.
In summary, in order to use different batteries to supply power to the system, the power supply requirement of an important load must be guaranteed preferentially, and at the same time, the batteries must be protected, so as to improve the reliability and safety of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-stage battery combiner and a control method aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art, and aims to separate important loads from non-important loads and preferentially supply power to the important loads under the condition of insufficient power. The guarantee capability of the power supply system can be effectively improved through the graded combination. Meanwhile, the first storage battery and the second storage battery are protected, and the reliability and the safety of the system are improved. Because the power generation system is complex in state and various in load working conditions, the control logic of the battery combiner needs to be optimized to ensure that all batteries can maintain the optimal power supply guarantee capability under different working conditions.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a multi-stage battery combiner, comprising: the device comprises a starting/power generator, a combiner, a first storage battery, a second storage battery, an auxiliary power supply, a controller, a driving circuit, an important load, an unimportant load, a current sensor, a first voltage dividing resistor, a second voltage dividing resistor, a third voltage dividing resistor and a fourth voltage dividing resistor.
The first storage battery is connected with the current sensor in series and then connected in parallel at the positive end and the negative end of the direct current bus, the starting/power generator, the important load and the auxiliary power supply are also connected in parallel at the positive end and the negative end of the direct current bus, and the output end of the current sensor is connected with the current input end of the controller.
The first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel at the positive end and the negative end of the direct current bus for detecting the voltage of the first storage battery, and the voltage dividing end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected with the first voltage input end of the controller.
The output end of the auxiliary power supply is connected with the power supply end of the controller, the output end of the controller is connected with the input end of the driving circuit, and the output end of the driving circuit is connected with the control end of the combiner.
The input end a of the combiner is connected with the positive end of the direct-current bus, the output end c of the combiner is connected with the positive electrode of the unimportant load, the combining end b of the combiner is connected with the positive electrode of the second storage battery, the negative electrode of the second storage battery is connected with the negative end g of the battery and the negative end of the direct-current bus, and the negative electrode of the unimportant load is connected with the negative end g of the battery.
The third voltage dividing resistor and the fourth voltage dividing resistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel at the positive end and the negative end of the second storage battery for detecting the voltage of the second storage battery, and the voltage dividing end of the third voltage dividing resistor and the voltage dividing end of the fourth voltage dividing resistor are connected with a second voltage input end of the controller.
The combiner includes: first switchQ 1 A second switchQ 2 The battery comprises an input end a, a combining end b, an output end c, a battery negative end g, a first diode, a first capacitor, a first absorption resistor, a second diode, a second capacitor, a second absorption resistor and a freewheeling diode.
The first switchQ 1 A drain connected to the input terminal a, a source connected to the combining terminal b, and a second switchQ 2 Drain electrode connected to the combining terminal b, and source electrodeConnected with the output end c, the positive electrode of the first storage battery and the input endaConnected with the negative electrode of the batterygThe anode of the second storage battery is connected with the combining terminalbConnected with the negative electrode of the batterygAre connected.
The cathode of a first diode in the combiner is connected with a first capacitor in series, a first absorption resistor is connected with two ends of the first diode in parallel to form a first absorption circuit, and the first absorption circuit and a first switch are connectedQ 1 Connected in parallel, wherein the first capacitor is connected with the first switchQ 1 The source electrodes of the two-way transistor are connected;
the cathode of a second diode in the combiner is connected with a second capacitor in series, a second absorption resistor is connected in parallel with two ends of the second diode to form a first absorption circuit, and the second absorption circuit and a second switch are connected in parallelQ 2 In parallel, wherein the second capacitor is connected with the second switchQ 2 The source electrodes of the two-way transistor are connected;
the cathode of the freewheeling diode is connected with the output end c, the anode is connected with the negative end g of the battery, and when the second switch is used, the freewheeling diode is connected with the output end c and the anodeQ 2 When the power supply is switched off, a free-wheeling path is provided for the load current.
And the combiner combines the voltages of the first storage battery and the second storage battery together to supply power to all loads.
For the logical control of the first battery and the second battery, 1 current setting and 6 voltage settings are set from low to high: a first set current, a minimum voltage, a first set voltage, a second set voltage, a third set voltage, a fourth set voltage, a maximum voltage, the minimum voltage < second set voltage < third set voltage < first set voltage < fourth set voltage < maximum voltage; the minimum voltage is a discharge cut-off voltage, the maximum voltage is a charge cut-off voltage, the third set voltage is a platform voltage of the battery, the fourth set voltage is close to the maximum voltage and is used as a float charge voltage, and the optimal logic control is carried out by detecting the voltage of the battery, comparing the voltage with the set voltage and combining the set current.
The voltage of the first accumulator is measured by dividing the voltage by a first dividing resistor and a second dividing resistor (12)u 1 Disclosure of the inventionThe third voltage dividing resistor and the fourth voltage dividing resistor divide the voltage of the second storage batteryu 2 A current sensor for measuring the current flowing into the first batteryi 1 。
Voltage of the first batteryu 1 When the voltage is greater than the first set voltage, the electric quantity of the first storage battery is judged to be higher; voltage of the second batteryu 2 When the voltage is higher than the second set voltage, the electric quantity of the second storage battery is judged to be higher; voltage of the second batteryu 2 A current larger than the third set voltage and flowing into the positive electrode of the first batteryi 1 When the current is larger than the first set current, the second storage battery is judged to have higher electric quantity and external input electric energy, and the second storage battery can supply power to the non-important load; voltage of the second batteryu 2 And when the voltage is greater than the fourth set voltage, the second storage battery is judged to be in a floating charge state.
The auxiliary power supply is responsible for start-stop control of the whole system, and the multistage battery combiner can normally work after the auxiliary power supply is powered on; if the auxiliary power source is shut down, the first battery and the second battery can still supply power to the starter/generator and the important load together through the combiner.
When the engine is started, the starting/power generator is switched to a power generation state after being started, and charging current can be provided for the first storage battery and the second storage battery according to the control logic of the combiner.
First switchQ 1 A second switchQ 2 A MOSFET with an antiparallel body diode.
When the combiner does not work, the combiner can pass through the first switchQ 1 And a second switchQ 2 The anti-parallel body diode supplies power to the starting/power generator and an important load, and the power supply reliability and safety of the system are improved.
The control method of the multistage battery combiner comprises the following control strategies:
strategy 1: when the first storage battery and the second storage battery are in unknown states during initial power-on, the first switch is enabled to ensure safety at the momentQ 1 And a second switchQ 2 In an off state, the first switchQ 1 The internal reverse parallel body diode can ensure that the first storage battery and the second storage battery simultaneously supply power to the starting/power generator, the important load and the auxiliary power supply and do not supply power to the non-important load; if the starting/generator is started, namely operated in a motor state, the first storage battery and the second storage battery supply power to the starting/generator; the auxiliary power supply supplies power to the controller, and the controller judges the detected voltage of the first storage batteryu 1 And voltage of the second secondary batteryu 2 。
If the voltage of the first batteryu 1 Less than the first set voltage, the voltage of the second batteryu 2 If the voltage is higher than the second set voltage, the first storage battery is judged to be low in electric quantity and the second storage battery is judged to be high, and then the second switch is enabledQ 2 Conducting and conducting, the first switchQ 1 Still in the off state, the first battery and the second battery supply power to the starter/generator, the auxiliary power source and the vital loads, the second battery simultaneously supplies power to the non-vital loads, and the first battery does not supply power to the non-vital loads.
If the voltage of the first batteryu 1 Greater than the first set voltage, the voltage of the second batteryu 2 Is less than the second set voltage, the electric quantity of the first storage battery is judged to be higher, the electric quantity of the second storage battery is judged to be low, and then the first switch is enabledQ 1 Is conducted and conducted, and the second switchQ 2 Still in the off state, the first battery supplies power to the starter/generator, auxiliary power source, and vital loads while charging the second battery, which does not supply power to the non-vital loads, but which can supply power to the starter/generator, auxiliary power source, and vital loads.
If the voltage of the first batteryu 1 Greater than the first set voltage and the voltage of the second batteryu 2 If the voltage is higher than the second set voltage, the electric quantity of the first storage battery is judged to be higher, the electric quantity of the second storage battery is judged to be higher,then the first switchQ 1 And a second switchQ 2 And (4) conducting and conducting, wherein the first storage battery supplies power to the starting/power generator, the auxiliary power supply and important loads, and simultaneously charges the second storage battery which supplies power to all loads.
If the voltage of the first batteryu 1 Less than the first set voltage, the voltage of the second batteryu 2 When the voltage is less than the second set voltage, the first switch is turned on when the first storage battery is low and the second storage battery is lowQ 1 And a second switchQ 2 The first battery and the second battery can jointly supply power to the starter/generator, the auxiliary power supply and the important load while keeping the conducting state unchanged.
Strategy 2: when the first switch is turned onQ 1 In the off state, the second switchQ 2 When the first battery is in a conduction state, the controller judges the detected voltage of the first batteryu 1 And voltage of the second secondary batteryu 2 If the voltage of the first batteryu 1 Greater than the first set voltage, the voltage u of the second accumulator 2 Is less than the second set voltage, the electric quantity of the first storage battery is judged to be higher, the electric quantity of the second storage battery is judged to be low, and then the first switch is enabledQ 1 On, the second switchQ 2 And disconnecting, wherein the first battery supplies power to the starter/generator, the auxiliary power source and the important loads, while charging the second battery, which supplies power only to loads other than the unimportant loads.
If the voltage u of the first battery 1 Greater than the first set voltage, the voltage u of the second accumulator 2 If the voltage is still larger than the second set voltage, the electric quantity of the first storage battery is judged to be higher, and the electric quantity of the second storage battery is judged to be high, so that the first switch is switched onQ 1 On, the second switchQ 2 And is still in a conducting state, and the first storage battery and the second storage battery supply power to all loads together.
If the voltage u of the first battery 1 Less than the first set voltage, the voltage u of the second battery 2 When the voltage is less than the second set voltage, the first switch is turned on when the first storage battery is low and the second storage battery is lowQ 1 And a second switchQ 2 Is disconnected, the first battery supplies power to the starter/generator, auxiliary power source and vital loads, and the second battery supplies power only to loads other than the non-vital loads.
Strategy 3: when the first switch is turned onQ 1 In a conducting state, the second switchQ 2 In the off state, the controller determines the detected voltage of the first storage batteryu 1 And voltage of the second secondary batteryu 2 If the voltage of the second batteryu 2 A current greater than the third set voltage and flowing into the positive electrode of the first storage batteryi 1 If the current is larger than the first set current, the first storage battery is judged to have higher electric quantity, the second storage battery is judged to be close to the full charge state, and an external power supply is used for charging the battery, so that the second switch is enabledQ 2 On, the first switchQ 1 Still in the on state, thus allowing the first battery to power the starter/generator, the auxiliary power source, and the critical loads while allowing the second battery to power the non-critical loads.
If the voltage of the first batteryu 1 Less than the first set voltage, the voltage of the second batteryu 2 Still less than the second set voltage, the capacities of the first and second storage batteries are both determined to be low, and the first switch is turned onQ 1 Open, second switchQ 2 And the first storage battery and the second storage battery jointly supply power to the important load and the auxiliary power supply and do not supply power to the non-important load when the first storage battery and the second storage battery are still in the disconnected state.
Strategy 4: when the first switch is turned onQ 1 And a second switchQ 2 While in the on state, the controller determines the detected voltage of the first batteryu 1 And voltage of the second secondary batteryu 2 。
If the voltage of the first batteryu 1 Less than a third set voltage, the voltage of the second batteryu 2 If the first voltage is still greater than the second set voltage, the first switch is enabled to be switched off when the electric quantity of the first storage battery is lower and the electric quantity of the second storage battery is highQ 1 Open, second switchQ 2 And still in a conductive state, wherein the first battery supplies power to the starter/generator, the auxiliary power source and the vital loads, the second battery simultaneously supplies power to the non-vital loads, and the first battery does not supply power to the non-vital loads.
If the voltage u of the second battery 2 If the voltage is higher than the fourth set voltage, the second storage battery is judged to be in a floating charge state, and then the first switch is enabledQ 1 And intermittently conducting, wherein the first storage battery and the second storage battery supply power to the started/generator, the auxiliary power supply and the important load, the second storage battery simultaneously supplies power to the non-important load, and the first storage battery intermittently charges the second storage battery.
Strategy 5: when the first switch is turned onQ 1 In an intermittently conducting state, the second switchQ 2 When the battery is in a conducting state, the controller judges the detected voltage u of the first storage battery 1 And voltage of the second secondary batteryu 2 If the voltage of the second batteryu 2 If the voltage is less than the fourth set voltage, the second storage battery is judged to end the floating charge state, and then the first switch is enabledQ 1 From an intermittently conductive state to a conductive state, a second switchQ 2 And the second storage battery is still in a conducting state and is not in a floating charging state any more, at the moment, the first storage battery and the second storage battery supply power to the starting/power generator, the auxiliary power supply and the important load, the second storage battery simultaneously supplies power to the non-important load, and the first storage battery is in a normal charging state for the second storage battery.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the invention has the advantages that the important loads and the non-important loads are distinguished through the combiner, power can be supplied to all the loads simultaneously during normal power supply, and the important loads are preferentially supplied when the power is insufficient.
One effect of the present invention is that the first secondary battery charges the second secondary battery when the second secondary battery is short of power, and the second secondary battery is not charged any more when the first secondary battery is short of power, thereby protecting the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery.
One effect of the present invention is that the first battery and the second battery simultaneously supply power to the starter/generator at start-up, making start-up more reliable.
The invention has the advantages that the first storage battery and the second storage battery can simultaneously supply power to important loads and non-important loads, and the reliability of the system is improved.
One effect of the invention is that the second battery can supply power to the first battery (i.e., the battery supplying power to the important load) when the amount of power is insufficient, and the first battery cannot supply power to the second battery and the non-important load in the reverse direction. When the electric quantity is sufficient or the generator works, the electric energy of the first storage battery allows the power to be supplied to the second storage battery, and the flexible use and the optimal charging state of the system are guaranteed.
One effect of the present invention is that the multi-stage battery combiner can still pass through the first switch when not workingQ 1 And a second switchQ 2 The anti-parallel body diode supplies power to the starting/power generator and an important load, and the power supply reliability and safety of the system are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power combining scheme disclosed in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a multi-stage cell combiner according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a combiner in the present invention;
fig. 4 is a detailed view of a multi-stage cell combiner in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the charge and discharge of a battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a control strategy and state transition diagram of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an application of the multi-stage battery combiner of the present invention;
fig. 8 is another application of the multi-stage battery combiner of the present invention.
In the drawings, each reference numeral represents a component:
1. a starter/generator; 2. a combiner; 3. a first storage battery; 4. a second storage battery; 5. an auxiliary power supply; 6. a controller; 7. a drive circuit; 8. an important load; 9. a non-critical load; 10. a current sensor; 11. a first voltage dividing resistor; 12. a second voltage dividing resistor; 13. a third voltage dividing resistor; 14. a fourth voltage dividing resistor; 201. first switchQ 1 (ii) a 202. Second switchQ 2 (ii) a 203. Important load terminala(ii) a 204. Road junction endb(ii) a 205. Non-critical load sidec(ii) a 206. Negative terminal of batteryg(ii) a 207. A first diode; 208. a first capacitor; 209. a first absorption resistor; 210 a second diode; 211. a second capacitor; 212. a second absorption resistance; a freewheeling diode 213.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the prior art, the main power source and the backup power source are usually isolated by two diodes and then connected in parallel, and then power is supplied to the back-stage unit, as shown in fig. 1. Because the diodes are adopted to combine different power supplies and batteries, the energy flow of the batteries cannot be controlled. Therefore, an embodiment of the present application discloses a multi-stage battery combiner and a control method thereof, and fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-stage battery combiner. The multi-stage battery combiner comprises a starting/power generator 1, a combiner 2, a first storage battery 3, a second storage battery 4, an auxiliary power supply 5, a controller 6, a driving circuit 7, an important load 8, an unimportant load 9, a current sensor 10, a first divider resistor 11, a second divider resistor 12, a third divider resistor 13 and a fourth divider resistor 14. The power supply system shown in fig. 2 has a first storage battery 3 and a second storage battery 4 connected in parallel by a combiner 2, the negative pole of the system dc bus is connected to the negative poles of all devices, the positive pole of the dc bus is divided into two sections by the combiner 2, wherein the combiner 2 is connected between the starting/power generator 1 and the starting/power generator 2The positive pole of the first direct current bus is connected with a first storage battery 3, a starting/power generator 1, an auxiliary power supply 5 and an important load 8; and the anode of the second direct current bus after passing through the combiner is connected with a non-important load 9. The second storage battery 4 is connected with the combining end of the combiner 2b 204 and the negative pole of the direct current bus. The first voltage dividing resistor 11 and the second voltage dividing resistor 12 are used for detecting the voltage of the first battery 3, and the third voltage dividing resistor 13 and the fourth voltage dividing resistor 14 are used for detecting the voltage of the second battery 4. The current sensor 10 is connected in series with the first battery 3 for detecting the current of the first battery 3. When current i 1 When positive, the first accumulator 3 is in a charged state when the current i 1 When positive, the first battery 3 is in a discharged state.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the auxiliary power supply 5 converts the unstable voltage of the dc bus into a stable voltage required by the controller 6 and the drive circuit 7. The detected voltage u of the first storage battery 3 1 Voltage u of second accumulator 4 2 And the current i of the first accumulator 3 1 Are input to the controller 6. The controller 6 is a full digital control system, and outputs control signals to control the first switches after passing through the drive circuit 7 through the logic analysis and operation of the CPUQ 1 201 and a second switchQ 2 202 on and off.
Fig. 3 is a detailed circuit of the combiner 2 according to the present invention, the combiner 2 includes a first switchQ 1 201. Second switchQ 2 202. Important load terminala 203, combining terminalb 204, non-essential load sidec 205. Negative terminal of batteryg 206, a first diode (207), a first capacitor (208), a first absorption resistor (209), a second diode (210), a second capacitor (211) and a second absorption resistor (212). First switchQ 1 201 and a second switchQ 2 202 consists of a MOSFET with an anti-parallel body diode, see fig. 3.
First switchQ 1 201 and a second switchQ 2 202 are connected in series end to end, wherein the first switchQ 1 201 drain and critical load terminala 203 are connected to each other, and are connected to each other,second switchQ 2 202 source and non-critical load terminalsc 205 are connected. First switchQ 1 201 and a second switchQ 2 202 is a combining endb 204, which is also the access point for the positive pole of the second accumulator 4.
Important load terminala 203 is connected with the positive pole of the first direct current bus and the positive pole of the first storage battery 3, and the load on the first direct current bus is the important load. Non-important load endc 205 are connected to the positive pole of the second dc bus, the loads on the second dc bus are all non-critical loads and can be suspended in the event of low battery power in order to ensure proper operation of the starter/generator 1, the auxiliary power supply 5 and the critical loads 8.
A first diode 207, a first capacitor 208 and a first absorption resistor 209 form an RDC absorption circuit which is connected in parallel with the first switchQ 1 201 across the first switchQ 1 201 acts to absorb line induced voltages when turned off. As shown in fig. 3, the cathode of the first diode 207 is connected in series with the first capacitor 208, and the first absorption resistor 209 is connected in parallel across the first diode 207. When the first switch is turned onQ 1 201 when the switch is turned off, the energy of the parasitic inductance on the line is charged into the first capacitor 208 through the cathode of the first diode 207, preventing the first switch from being turned onQ 1 The high voltage induced on 201 affects the safety of the circuit. When the first switchQ 1 201 are turned on, the energy charged in the first capacitor 208 is dissipated through the first absorption resistor 209. The second diode 210, the second capacitor 211, and the second absorption resistor 212 function similarly to the above.
As shown in FIG. 3, the freewheeling diode 213 has its cathode connected to the output terminal c 205 and its anode connected to the negative battery terminal g 206, and acts as a second switchQ 2 When the circuit 202 is turned off, a freewheeling channel is required for the positive electrode of the second dc bus to be connected to the inductive current of the non-important load 9, and therefore, the freewheeling diode 213 can provide a freewheeling path for the positive electrode of the second dc bus to be connected to the inductive current of the non-important load 9. When the first switch is turned onQ 1 201, the second battery 4 acts as a freewheelThe channel is used, so that high voltage cannot be induced on the bus due to the turn-off of the inductive current.
Fig. 4 is a detailed view of the multi-stage cell combiner in the present invention, in which the current sensor 10 samples the current of the first storage battery 3i 1 The current charged in the first battery 3 is defined to be positive, and the current discharged from the first battery 3 is defined to be negative.
The driving circuit 7 is controlled by the controller 6, and outputs two driving signals respectively to the first switchQ 1 201 and a second switchQ 2 202 are connected to gate electrodes of the first and second switches, respectivelyQ 1 201 and a second switchQ 2 202 on and off.
Fig. 5 is a charge-discharge curve of the battery according to the present invention, which defines:
lowest voltage < second set voltage < third set voltage < first set voltage < fourth set voltage < highest voltage.
The lowest voltage is the cut-off voltage of battery discharge, the highest voltage is the finishing voltage of battery charge, the fourth setting voltage is the float charge voltage, and the third voltage is the platform voltage of battery.
The first voltage is the state determination voltage of the first battery 3, since the first battery 3 must ensure the supply of the important loads, so that in one possible design the first set voltage is higher than the third set voltage.
The second setting voltage is the state determination voltage of the second battery 4, since the second battery 4 is primarily responsible for the supply of the non-essential loads, and therefore in one possible design the second setting voltage is lower than the third setting voltage.
When the voltage of the first storage battery 3u 1 When the voltage is higher than the third set voltage, the electric quantity of the first storage battery 3 is judged to be high;
when the voltage of the first storage battery 3u 1 When the voltage is higher than the first set voltage, the electric quantity of the first storage battery 3 is judged to be higher;
when the voltage of the first storage battery 3u 1 When the voltage is lower than the third set voltage,determining that the electric quantity of the first storage battery 3 is low;
when the voltage of the second battery 4u 2 When the voltage is higher than the second set voltage, the electric quantity of the second storage battery 4 is judged to be high;
when the voltage of the second battery 4u 2 When the voltage is higher than the third set voltage, the electric quantity of the second storage battery 4 is judged to be higher;
when the voltage of the second battery 4u 2 Higher than the fourth set voltage and the current of the first battery 3i 1 When the current is larger than the first set current (larger than zero), the second storage battery 4 is judged to be in a floating charge state;
when the voltage of the second battery 4u 2 When the voltage is lower than the second set voltage, it is determined that the second battery 4 is low.
In one possible design, the first set voltage range may be taken as: 12V-14V, a second set voltage of 8V-12V, a third set voltage of 12V +/-1V, a fourth set voltage of 13.8V-14V and a first set current of 0-0.2A.
Fig. 6 is a state transition diagram of the present invention, which embodies the control method of the present invention for a multi-stage combiner, and it can be seen that the present invention has 5 basic switch state combinations:
a first state, a first switchQ 1 201 and a second switchQ 2 202 are all disconnected;
second state, first switchQ 1 201 opening the second switchQ 2 202 is conducted;
third state, first switchQ 1 201 turns on the second switchQ 2 202 is disconnected;
fourth state, first switchQ 1 201 and a second switchQ 2 202 are all turned on;
fifth state, first switchQ 1 201 intermittently turning on the second switchQ 2 202 is conducted;
possible transition conditions between all states are also indicated in fig. 6. State transitions not labeled typically do not occur and are therefore not considered.
According to the detected voltage and current information of the storage battery, the combiner can be optimally controlled:
the control strategy is as follows:
strategy 1: when the first storage battery 3 and the second storage battery 4 are powered on initially, the states are unknown, and in order to ensure safety, the first switch is switched onQ 1 201 and a second switchQ 2 202 is in an open state, a first switchQ 1 The internal reverse parallel diode of 201 can ensure that the first storage battery 3 and the second storage battery 4 simultaneously supply power to the starting/power generator 1, the important load 8 and the auxiliary power supply 5, and do not supply power to the non-important load 9; if the starter/generator 1 is started, i.e. operated in the motor state, the first battery 3 and the second battery 4 also supply power to the starter/generator 1; the auxiliary power supply 5 supplies power to the controller 6, and the controller 6 judges the detected voltage of the first storage battery 3u 1 And the voltage of the second secondary battery 4u 2 。
If the voltage of the first accumulator 3u 1 Less than the first set voltage, the voltage of the second battery 4u 2 If the voltage is higher than the second set voltage, the first battery 3 is judged to be low and the second battery 4 is judged to be high, and the second switch is turned onQ 2 202 is conducted and conducted, the first switchQ 1 201 are still in an off-state, in which the first accumulator 3 and the second accumulator 4 supply the starter/generator 1, the auxiliary power supply 5 and the vital loads 8, while the second accumulator 4 simultaneously supplies the non-vital loads 9, while the first accumulator 3 does not supply the non-vital loads 9.
If the voltage of the first accumulator 3u 1 Greater than the first set voltage, the voltage of the second accumulator 4u 2 Is less than the second set voltage, the electric quantity of the first storage battery 3 is judged to be higher, and the electric quantity of the second storage battery 4 is judged to be low, so that the first switch is enabledQ 1 201 is conducted and the second switch is turned onQ 2 202 are still in the disconnected state, in which the first accumulator 3 supplies the starter/generator 1, auxiliaryThe auxiliary power source 5 and the important load 8 are supplied with power while the second secondary battery 4 is charged, and the second secondary battery 4 does not supply power to the unimportant load 9, but the second secondary battery 4 may supply power to the starter/generator 1, the auxiliary power source 5, and the important load 8.
If the voltage of the first accumulator 3u 1 Greater than the first set voltage, the voltage of the second accumulator 4u 2 If the voltage is higher than the second set voltage, the first battery 3 is judged to have a higher electric quantity and the second battery 4 has a higher electric quantity, and then the first switch is turned onQ 1 201 and a second switchQ 2 202 is conducted, at this time, the first storage battery 3 supplies power to the starter/generator 1, the auxiliary power supply 5 and the important load 8, and simultaneously charges the second storage battery 4, and the second storage battery 4 supplies power to all loads;
if the voltage of the first accumulator 3u 1 Less than the first set voltage, the voltage of the second battery 4u 2 Is less than the second set voltage, the first storage battery 3 and the second storage battery 4 are judged to be low, and then the first switch is turned onQ 1 201 and a second switchQ 2 202 remain in the on state, the first battery 3 and the second battery 4 can supply power to the starter/generator 1, the auxiliary power supply 5 and the important load 8 in common.
Strategy 2: when the first switch is turned onQ 1 201 in an open state, a second switchQ 2 202 is in the on state, the controller 6 judges the detected voltage of the first storage battery 3u 1 And the voltage of the second secondary battery 4u 2 If the voltage of the first accumulator 3u 1 Greater than the first set voltage, the voltage of the second accumulator 4u 2 Is less than the second set voltage, the electric quantity of the first storage battery 3 is judged to be higher, and the electric quantity of the second storage battery 4 is judged to be low, so that the first switch is enabledQ 1 201 is on, the second switchQ 2 202 is disconnected, the first accumulator 3 supplying the starter/generator 1, the auxiliary power supply 5 and the vital loads 8, while the second accumulator 4 is charged, the second accumulator 4 being only the one excluding the non-vital loads 9Other loads than the power supply.
If the voltage u of the first accumulator 3 1 Greater than a first set voltage, the voltage u of the second accumulator 4 2 Still greater than the second set voltage, the first storage battery 3 is judged to have higher electric quantity and the second storage battery 4 has higher electric quantity, and then the first switch is enabledQ 1 201 is on and the second switch is onQ 2 202 are still in the on state, in which the first accumulator 3 and the second accumulator 4 together supply all the loads.
If the voltage u of the first accumulator 3 1 Less than the first set voltage, the voltage u of the second accumulator 4 2 Is less than the second set voltage, the first storage battery 3 and the second storage battery 4 are judged to be low, and then the first switch is turned onQ 1 201 and a second switchQ 2 202 are disconnected, the first accumulator 3 supplying the starter/generator 1, the auxiliary power supply 5 and the important loads 8, and the second accumulator 4 supplying only the loads other than the non-important loads 9.
Strategy 3: when the first switch is turned onQ 1 201 in a conducting state, a second switchQ 2 202 is in the off state, the controller 6 judges the detected voltage of the first storage battery 3u 1 And the voltage of the second secondary battery 4u 2 If the voltage of the second accumulator 4u 2 A current larger than the third set voltage and flowing into the positive electrode of the first battery 3i 1 If the current is larger than the first set current, the first storage battery 3 is judged to have higher electric quantity, the second storage battery 4 is judged to be close to the full charge state, and an external power supply is used for charging the batteries, so that the second switch is enabledQ 2 202 is turned on and the first switch is turned onQ 1 201 are still in a conducting state, thus allowing the first accumulator 3 to supply the starter/generator 1, the auxiliary power supply 5 and the important loads 8, while allowing the second accumulator 4 to supply the non-important loads 9.
If the voltage of the first accumulator 3u 1 Less than the first set voltage, the voltage of the second battery 4u 2 Still less than the second set voltage and,when it is determined that both the first battery 3 and the second battery 4 have low capacities, the first switch is turned onQ 1 201 open, second switchQ 2 202 are still in the off state, the first accumulator 3 and the second accumulator 4 supply power to the important loads 8 and the auxiliary power supply 5 in common, and not to the non-important loads 9.
Strategy 4: when the first switch is turned onQ 1 201 and a second switchQ 2 202 are simultaneously in the on state, the controller 6 judges the detected voltage of the first storage battery 3u 1 And the voltage of the second secondary battery 4u 2 。
If the voltage of the first accumulator 3u 1 Less than the third set voltage, the voltage of the second battery 4u 2 Still greater than the second set voltage, the first storage battery 3 is judged to have low electric quantity and the second storage battery 4 has high electric quantity, and then the first switch is enabledQ 1 201 open, second switchQ 2 202 is still in a conducting state, in which the first accumulator 3 supplies power to the starter/generator 1, the auxiliary power supply 5 and the vital loads 8, the second accumulator 4 simultaneously supplies power to the non-vital loads 9, and the first accumulator 3 does not supply power to the non-vital loads 9.
If the voltage u of the second accumulator 4 2 If the voltage is higher than the fourth set voltage, the second storage battery 4 is judged to be in the floating charge state, and the first switch is enabledQ 1 201, the first accumulator 3 and the second accumulator 4 supply the starting/generator 1, the auxiliary power supply 5 and the critical load 8, the second accumulator 4 simultaneously supplies the non-critical load 9, and the first accumulator 3 intermittently charges the second accumulator 4.
Strategy 5: when the first switch is turned onQ 1 201 in an intermittently conducting state, a second switchQ 2 202 is in the on state, the controller 6 judges the detected voltage u of the first storage battery 3 1 And the voltage of the second secondary battery 4u 2 If the voltage of the second accumulator 4u 2 Less than the fourth set voltage, and the end of the second storage battery 4 is determinedFloating charge state, then the first switchQ 1 201 from an intermittently conductive state to a conductive state, a second switchQ 2 202 is still in the on state and the second accumulator 4 is no longer in the float state, at which time the first accumulator 3 and the second accumulator 4 supply the starter/generator 1, the auxiliary power supply 5 and the important load 8, the second accumulator 4 simultaneously supplies the non-important load 9, and the first accumulator 3 is in the normal state of charge for the second accumulator 4.
Fig. 7 is an application scheme of the multi-stage battery combiner in the present invention, in which an important load 8 is a vehicle-mounted communication system, an unimportant load 9 is a vehicle-mounted air conditioner, when the first storage battery 3 and the second storage battery 4 have sufficient power, the first storage battery 3 and the second storage battery 4 simultaneously supply power to the important load 8 and the auxiliary power supply 5, and simultaneously supply power to the unimportant load 9 after being combined by the combiner 2, and when the power is insufficient, the first storage battery 3 and the second storage battery 4 preferentially select to supply power to the auxiliary power supply 5 of the vehicle-mounted communication system 8, and suspend power supply to the unimportant load 9, thereby implementing a function of priority-based power supply of loads.
Fig. 8 is an application scheme of the multi-stage battery combiner in the present invention, where an important load 8 is a vehicle-mounted network system, and an unimportant load 9 is a vehicle-mounted refrigerator, when the first storage battery 3 and the second storage battery 4 have sufficient power, the first storage battery 3 and the second storage battery 4 simultaneously supply power to the important load 8 and the auxiliary power supply 5, and simultaneously supply power to the unimportant load 9 after being combined by the combiner 2, and when the power is insufficient, the first storage battery 3 and the second storage battery 4 preferentially select to supply power to the auxiliary power supply 5 of the vehicle-mounted network system 8, and suspend power supply to the unimportant load 9, thereby implementing a function of supplying power by priority to loads.
The power supply combining circuit disclosed by the embodiment of the invention can be used for a vehicle-mounted power supply system. At present, in order to increase the vehicle-mounted electrical load, particularly to supply power to a large number of electrical systems when the large-scale trucks are parked, storage batteries are additionally added to the large-scale trucks. The large-capacity battery is generally added directly at the direct current bus end of the automobile, so all loads are hung on the direct current bus. The original battery of the automobile, namely the first storage battery 3 and the added high-capacity storage battery, namely the second storage battery 4 are connected in parallel to supply power. If the load is constantly supplied with power while the vehicle is stopped, it may affect important loads, such as the start of the starter/generator 1 of the vehicle, which may affect the normal operation of the vehicle. Therefore, the multi-stage battery combiner can be used for an automobile power supply system, and the first storage battery 3 and the added second storage battery 4 of the original automobile are combined for power supply. The important load 8 is connected to the first battery 3, the non-important load 9 is connected to the second battery 4, and the intermediate parts are connected to each other via the coupling device 2. By using the optimized control logic and control strategy of the combiner 2, the non-important load 9 can be ensured to be normally used for a longer time under the condition that the important load 8 is ensured to normally work, for example, the condition that the vehicle can be ensured to be normally started.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, and the invention is therefore not to be limited to the embodiments illustrated herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (9)

1. A multi-stage battery combiner, comprising: the device comprises a starting/power generator (1), a combiner (2), a first storage battery (3), a second storage battery (4), an auxiliary power supply (5), a controller (6), a driving circuit (7), an important load (8), an unimportant load (9), a current sensor (10), a first voltage dividing resistor (11), a second voltage dividing resistor (12), a third voltage dividing resistor (13) and a fourth voltage dividing resistor (14);
the first storage battery (3) and the current sensor (10) are connected in series and then connected in parallel at the positive end and the negative end of the direct current bus, the starting/power generator (1), the important load (8) and the auxiliary power supply (5) are also connected in parallel at the positive end and the negative end of the direct current bus, and the output end of the current sensor (10) is connected with the current input end of the controller (6);
the first voltage dividing resistor (11) and the second voltage dividing resistor (12) are connected in series and then connected in parallel at the positive end and the negative end of the direct current bus for detecting the voltage of the first storage battery (3), and the voltage dividing end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected with the first voltage input end of the controller (6);
the output end of the auxiliary power supply (5) is connected with the power supply end of the controller (6), the output end of the controller (6) is connected with the input end of the driving circuit (7), and the output end of the driving circuit (7) is connected with the control end of the combiner (2);
an input end a (203) of the combiner (2) is connected with a positive end of a direct current bus, an output end c (205) of the combiner (2) is connected with a positive electrode of a non-important load (9), a combining end b (204) of the combiner (2) is connected with a positive electrode of a second storage battery (4), a negative electrode of the second storage battery (4) is connected with a battery negative end g (206) and a negative end of the direct current bus, and a negative electrode of the non-important load (9) is connected with the battery negative end g (206);
and the third voltage dividing resistor (13) and the fourth voltage dividing resistor (14) are connected in series and then connected in parallel to the positive end and the negative end of the second storage battery (4) for detecting the voltage of the second storage battery (4), and the voltage dividing end of the third voltage dividing resistor is connected with a second voltage input end of the controller (6).
2. A multi-stage battery combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that the combiner (2) comprises: the circuit comprises a first switch Q1 (201), a second switch Q2 (202), an input end a (203), a combining end b (204), an output end c (205), a battery negative end g (206), a first diode (207), a first capacitor (208), a first absorption resistor (209), a second diode (210), a second capacitor (211), a second absorption resistor (212) and a freewheeling diode (213);
the drain of the first switch Q1 (201) is connected with the input end a (203), the source is connected with the combining end b (204), the drain of the second switch Q2 (202) is connected with the combining end b (204), the source is connected with the output end c (205), the positive electrode of the first storage battery (3) is connected with the input end a (203), the negative electrode of the first storage battery is connected with the battery negative end g (206), the positive electrode of the second storage battery (4) is connected with the combining end b (204), and the negative electrode of the second storage battery is connected with the battery negative end g (206);
the cathode of a first diode (207) in the combiner (2) is connected with a first capacitor (208) in series, a first absorption resistor (209) is connected with two ends of the first diode (207) in parallel to form a first absorption circuit, the first absorption circuit is connected with a first switch Q1 (201) in parallel, and the first capacitor (208) is connected with the source electrode of the first switch Q1 (201);
the cathode of a second diode (210) in the combiner (2) is connected in series with a second capacitor (211), a second absorption resistor (212) is connected in parallel at two ends of the second diode (210) to form a first absorption circuit, the second absorption circuit is connected in parallel with a second switch Q2 (202), and the second capacitor (211) is connected with the source of the second switch Q2 (202);
the cathode of the freewheeling diode (213) is connected with the output end c (205), the anode of the freewheeling diode is connected with the negative end g (206) of the battery, and a freewheeling path is provided for load current when the second switch Q2 (202) is turned off;
the combiner (2) combines the voltages of the first storage battery (3) and the second storage battery (4) together to supply power to all loads.
3. A multi-stage cell combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that for the logical control of the first accumulator (3) and the second accumulator (4) 1 current set-point and 6 voltage set-points are set from low to high: a first set current, a minimum voltage, a first set voltage, a second set voltage, a third set voltage, a fourth set voltage, a maximum voltage, the minimum voltage < second set voltage < third set voltage < first set voltage < fourth set voltage < maximum voltage; the minimum voltage is a discharge cut-off voltage, the maximum voltage is a charge cut-off voltage, the third set voltage is a plateau voltage of the battery, the fourth set voltage is close to the maximum voltage and serves as a float charge voltage, and optimal logic control is carried out by detecting the voltage of the battery, comparing the voltage with the set voltage and combining the set current.
4. A multistage cell combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that the voltage u1 of the first accumulator (3) is measured by dividing the voltage by the first dividing resistor (11) and the second dividing resistor (12), the voltage u2 of the second accumulator (4) is measured by dividing the voltage by the third dividing resistor (13) and the fourth dividing resistor (14), the current sensor (10) measures the current i1 flowing into the first accumulator (3);
when the voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) is greater than a first set voltage, determining that the electric quantity of the first storage battery (3) is higher; when the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4) is greater than a second set voltage, determining that the electric quantity of the second storage battery (4) is higher; when the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4) is greater than the third set voltage and the current i1 flowing into the positive electrode of the first storage battery (3) is greater than the first set current, the second storage battery (4) is judged to be high in electric quantity and to have external input electric energy, and power can be supplied to the non-important load (9); when the voltage u2 of the second battery (4) is higher than the fourth set voltage, it is determined that the second battery (4) is in a float state.
5. The multi-stage battery combiner according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary power supply (5) is responsible for start-stop control of the whole system, and the multi-stage battery combiner can normally operate after the auxiliary power supply (5) is powered on; if the auxiliary power supply (5) is switched off, the first battery (3) and the second battery (4) can still jointly supply power to the starter/generator (1) and the critical load (8) via the combiner (2).
6. A multi-stage battery combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting/generator (1) is switched to a generating state after starting at the engine start, and the charging current is supplied to the first battery (3) and the second battery (4) according to the control logic of the combiner (2).
7. The multi-stage battery combiner of claim 1, wherein the first switch Q1 (201), the second switch Q2 (202) are MOSFETs with anti-parallel body diodes.
8. The multi-stage battery combiner of claim 1, wherein when the combiner (2) is not in operation, the starting/power generator (1) and the important load (8) can be supplied with power through the anti-parallel body diode of the first switch Q1 (201) and the second switch Q2 (202), so that the power supply reliability and safety of the system are improved.
9. The control method of the multi-stage battery combiner according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the control strategy is as follows:
strategy 1: when the power is initially powered on, the states of the first storage battery (3) and the second storage battery (4) are unknown, in order to ensure safety, the first switch Q1 (201) and the second switch Q2 (202) are in an off state, and the reverse parallel diode in the first switch Q1 (201) can ensure that the first storage battery (3) and the second storage battery (4) simultaneously supply power to the starting/power generator (1), the important load (8) and the auxiliary power supply (5) and do not supply power to the non-important load (9); if the starter/generator (1) is started, namely operated in a motor state, the first storage battery (3) and the second storage battery (4) supply power to the starter/generator (1); the auxiliary power supply (5) supplies power to the controller (6), and the controller (6) judges the detected voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) and the detected voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4);
if the voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) is smaller than a first set voltage and the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4) is larger than a second set voltage, the first storage battery (3) is judged to be low in charge and the second storage battery (4) is judged to be high, the second switch Q2 (202) is conducted and conducted, the first switch Q1 (201) is still in an off state, at the moment, the first storage battery (3) and the second storage battery (4) supply power to the starting/power generator (1), the auxiliary power supply (5) and the important load (8), the second storage battery (4) simultaneously supplies power to the non-important load (9), and the first storage battery (3) does not supply power to the non-important load (9);
if the voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) is larger than a first set voltage, the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4) is smaller than a second set voltage, the electric quantity of the first storage battery (3) is judged to be high, the electric quantity of the second storage battery (4) is judged to be low, the first switch Q1 (201) is conducted, the second switch Q2 (202) is still in an off state, at the moment, the first storage battery (3) supplies power to the starting/power generator (1), the auxiliary power supply (5) and the important load (8), meanwhile, the second storage battery (4) is charged, the second storage battery (4) does not supply power to the non-important load (9), but the second storage battery (4) can supply power to the starting/power generator (1), the auxiliary power supply (5) and the important load (8);
if the voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) is greater than a first set voltage, and the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4) is greater than a second set voltage, the first storage battery (3) is judged to be high in electric quantity and the second storage battery (4) is judged to be high in electric quantity, the first switch Q1 (201) and the second switch Q2 (202) are conducted and conducted, at the moment, the first storage battery (3) supplies power to the starting/power generator (1), the auxiliary power supply (5) and the important load (8), the second storage battery (4) is charged at the same time, and the second storage battery (4) supplies power to all loads;
if the voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) is smaller than a first set voltage and the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4) is smaller than a second set voltage, the first storage battery (3) is judged to be low in charge, the second storage battery (4) is judged to be low in charge, the first switch Q1 (201) and the second switch Q2 (202) are kept in a conducting state unchanged, and the first storage battery (3) and the second storage battery (4) can jointly supply power for the starting/power generator (1), the auxiliary power supply (5) and the important load (8);
strategy 2: when the first switch Q1 (201) is in an off state and the second switch Q2 (202) is in an on state, the controller (6) judges the detected voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) and the detected voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4), if the voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) is greater than a first set voltage and the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4) is less than a second set voltage, the controller judges that the first storage battery (3) is high in electric quantity and the second storage battery (4) is low in electric quantity, the controller turns on the first switch Q1 (201) and turns off the second switch Q2 (202), and at the moment, the first storage battery (3) supplies power to the starting/power generator (1), the auxiliary power supply (5) and the important load (8) and simultaneously charges the second storage battery (4), and the second storage battery (4) only supplies power to other loads except the unimportant load (9);
if the voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) is greater than the first set voltage, and the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4) is still greater than the second set voltage, the first switch Q1 (201) is conducted, the second switch Q2 (202) is still in a conducting state, and at the moment, the first storage battery (3) and the second storage battery (4) supply power to all loads together;
if the voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) is smaller than a first set voltage and the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4) is smaller than a second set voltage, the first storage battery (3) is judged to be low in charge and the second storage battery (4) is judged to be low in charge, the first switch Q1 (201) and the second switch Q2 (202) are both switched off, the first storage battery (3) supplies power to the starting/power generator (1), the auxiliary power supply (5) and the important load (8), and the second storage battery (4) only supplies power to other loads except the non-important load (9);
strategy 3: when the first switch Q1 (201) is in the on state and the second switch Q2 (202) is in the off state, the controller (6) judges the detected voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) and the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4), if the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4) is larger than the third set voltage, the current i1 flowing into the positive electrode of the first storage battery (3) is larger than the first set current, the first storage battery (3) is judged to be high in electric quantity, the second storage battery (4) is close to a full-charge state, and an external power supply is used for charging the batteries, the second switch Q2 (202) is turned on, the first switch Q1 (201) is still in a conductive state, the first accumulator (3) is thus made to supply the starter/generator (1), the auxiliary power source (5) and the important load (8), while allowing the second accumulator (4) to supply the non-essential load (9);
if the voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) is smaller than the first set voltage and the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4) is still smaller than the second set voltage, the capacities of the first storage battery (3) and the second storage battery (4) are judged to be low, the first switch Q1 (201) is turned off, the second switch Q2 (202) is still in an off state, the first storage battery (3) and the second storage battery (4) jointly supply power to an important load (8) and an auxiliary power supply (5), and power is not supplied to an unimportant load (9);
strategy 4: when the first switch Q1 (201) and the second switch Q2 (202) are simultaneously in the conducting state, the controller (6) judges the detected voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) and the detected voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4);
if the voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) is smaller than the third set voltage, the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4) is still larger than the second set voltage, the first storage battery (3) is judged to be low in electric quantity and the second storage battery (4) is judged to be high in electric quantity, the first switch Q1 (201) is turned off, the second switch Q2 (202) is still in a conducting state, at the moment, the first storage battery (3) supplies power to the starting/power generator (1), the auxiliary power supply (5) and the important load (8), the second storage battery (4) simultaneously supplies power to the non-important load (9), and the first storage battery (3) does not supply power to the non-important load (9);
if the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4) is larger than the fourth set voltage, the second storage battery (4) is judged to be in a floating charge state, the first switch Q1 (201) is made to be intermittently conducted, at the moment, the first storage battery (3) and the second storage battery (4) supply power to the started/generator (1), the auxiliary power supply (5) and the important load (8), the second storage battery (4) simultaneously supplies power to the non-important load (9), and the first storage battery (3) intermittently charges the second storage battery (4);
strategy 5: when the first switch Q1 (201) is in the intermittent conduction state and the second switch Q2 (202) is in the conduction state, the controller (6) judges the detected voltage u1 of the first storage battery (3) and the voltage u2 of the second storage battery (4), if the voltage u2 of the second battery (4) is less than the fourth set voltage, it is determined that the second battery (4) ends the floating state, the first switch Q1 (201) is switched to the conduction state from the intermittent conduction state, the second switch Q2 (202) is still in the conduction state, the second storage battery (4) is not in the floating charge state any more, at the moment, the first storage battery (3) and the second storage battery (4) supply power to the starting/power generator (1), the auxiliary power supply (5) and the important load (8), the second storage battery (4) simultaneously supplies power to the non-important load (9), and the first storage battery (3) is in the normal charging state for the second storage battery (4).
CN202210978543.5A 2022-08-16 2022-08-16 Multi-stage battery combiner and control method Active CN115051451B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104967169A (en) * 2015-07-01 2015-10-07 衢州市沃思电子技术有限公司 Kiln igniting system
US20150294825A1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-15 Eaton Corporation Current direction sensitive circuit interrupter
CN207612096U (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-07-13 深圳市海鹏信电子股份有限公司 A kind of battery combining control circuit and battery combiner
CN110535225A (en) * 2019-09-24 2019-12-03 深圳市比尔达科技有限公司 The emergency output circuit and emergency set of built-in point of energy function of band
CN211239413U (en) * 2020-02-11 2020-08-11 杨春 Multi-path battery combiner

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150294825A1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-15 Eaton Corporation Current direction sensitive circuit interrupter
CN104967169A (en) * 2015-07-01 2015-10-07 衢州市沃思电子技术有限公司 Kiln igniting system
CN207612096U (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-07-13 深圳市海鹏信电子股份有限公司 A kind of battery combining control circuit and battery combiner
CN110535225A (en) * 2019-09-24 2019-12-03 深圳市比尔达科技有限公司 The emergency output circuit and emergency set of built-in point of energy function of band
CN211239413U (en) * 2020-02-11 2020-08-11 杨春 Multi-path battery combiner

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