CN115051051B - Method, system and device for restraining thermal runaway of battery and computer equipment - Google Patents

Method, system and device for restraining thermal runaway of battery and computer equipment Download PDF

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CN115051051B
CN115051051B CN202210465821.7A CN202210465821A CN115051051B CN 115051051 B CN115051051 B CN 115051051B CN 202210465821 A CN202210465821 A CN 202210465821A CN 115051051 B CN115051051 B CN 115051051B
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battery
field
side reaction
energy field
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CN115051051A (en
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王昱
彭勇
冯旭宁
王莉
欧阳明高
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Tsinghua University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The application relates to a method, a system, a device, a computer device, a storage medium and a computer program product for restraining thermal runaway of a battery. The method comprises the following steps: under the condition that the current running state of the target battery is monitored to reach a preset inhibition condition, determining field parameters of a target energy field corresponding to the target battery; wherein the target energy field comprises an electric field and/or a magnetic field; the field parameters of the target energy field are determined according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction of the target battery; and applying the target energy field to the target battery through the energy field applying part according to the field parameters of the target energy field, wherein the target energy field is used for reducing the equivalent current intensity of the movement of the charged particles generated by the thermal side reaction of the target battery. The method can effectively inhibit thermal runaway of the battery and improve the safety performance of the battery.

Description

Method, system and device for restraining thermal runaway of battery and computer equipment
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of battery technologies, and in particular, to a method, a system, an apparatus, a computer device, a storage medium, and a computer program product for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery.
Background
With the large-scale application of power batteries and energy storage batteries, the safety performance of the batteries is widely concerned due to the frequent fire and explosion accidents related to the batteries in recent years. Among them, most dangerous accidents of the battery are caused by thermal runaway of the battery under abusive conditions (such as overcharge, overdischarge, extrusion, high temperature, short circuit, etc.), and therefore, the safety performance of the battery can be effectively improved by inhibiting the thermal runaway of the battery.
In the related art, the method for inhibiting the thermal runaway of the battery mainly adopts a physical cooling method, for example, the physical cooling is carried out on the battery through an external cooling system or a fire extinguishing agent is arranged in a battery pack, so that the thermal runaway of the battery is inhibited. However, in practical applications, the above-mentioned physical cooling method mainly plays a role in reducing the damage after the thermal runaway of the battery, such as inhibiting the expansion of the thermal runaway of the battery, reducing the risk of fire and explosion, etc., and cannot effectively inhibit the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the battery, and the improvement on the safety performance of the battery is limited. There is a need for a method of effectively inhibiting thermal runaway in a battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method, a system, an apparatus, a computer device, a computer readable storage medium, and a computer program product for effectively suppressing thermal runaway of a battery.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery. The method comprises the following steps:
under the condition that the current running state of a target battery is monitored to reach a preset inhibition condition, determining field parameters of a target energy field corresponding to the target battery; wherein the target energy field comprises an electric field and/or a magnetic field; the field parameters of the target energy field are determined according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction of the target battery;
and applying the target energy field to the target battery through an energy field applying component according to the field parameters of the target energy field, wherein the target energy field is used for reducing the equivalent current intensity of the charged particle motion generated by the thermal side reaction of the target battery.
In one embodiment, the determining the field parameter of the target energy field corresponding to the target battery includes:
calculating the instantaneous reaction rate of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current running state according to the state parameters of the target battery and a pre-established thermal side reaction kinetic model; wherein the state parameters comprise a current battery temperature, a current temperature rise rate and a historical temperature rise rate;
calculating the endogenous current intensity of the thermal side reaction of the target battery under the current operation state according to the unit electron transfer number of the thermal side reaction, the instantaneous reaction rate and the reaction substance amount of the thermal side reaction;
and determining field parameters of the target energy field according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction corresponding to the thermal side reaction.
In one embodiment, the target energy field is an electric field, and the field parameters of the target energy field include a target electric field strength and a target electric field direction; the energy field applying member includes a first electrode and a second electrode;
determining field parameters of a target energy field according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction corresponding to the thermal side reaction, wherein the field parameters comprise:
detecting the resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode;
determining the target electric field intensity according to the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the resistance and the endogenous current intensity;
and determining the direction of the target electric field according to the direction of the generated current.
In one embodiment, the determining the target electric field strength according to the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the resistance, and the endogenous electric current strength includes:
determining a lower limit value of the target electric field intensity according to the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the resistance and the endogenous current intensity;
calculating the thermal side reaction heat generation power of the target battery in the current operation state according to the state parameter of the target battery and the thermal side reaction kinetic model;
determining an upper limit value of the target electric field intensity according to the distance, the resistance and the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction;
determining the target electric field strength between the upper limit value and the lower limit value.
In one embodiment, the target energy field is a magnetic field, and the field parameters of the target energy field include a target magnetic field strength and a target magnetic field direction;
determining field parameters of a target energy field according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction corresponding to the thermal side reaction, wherein the field parameters comprise:
determining the target magnetic field strength according to the relative atomic mass of charged particles generated by the thermal side reaction of the target battery, the charge number of the charged particles, the reaction interface thickness corresponding to the thermal side reaction and the endogenous current strength;
and determining the target magnetic field direction according to the direction of the generated current corresponding to the thermal side reaction.
In a second aspect, the present application also provides a device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery. Characterized in that the device comprises:
the determining module is used for determining field parameters of a target energy field corresponding to a target battery under the condition that the current running state of the target battery is monitored to reach a preset inhibiting condition; wherein the target energy field comprises an electric field and/or a magnetic field; the field parameters of the target energy field are determined according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction of the target battery;
and the application module is used for applying the target energy field to the target battery through an energy field application component according to the field parameters of the target energy field, and the target energy field is used for reducing the equivalent current intensity of the movement of the charged particles generated by the thermal side reaction of the target battery.
In one embodiment, the determining module is specifically configured to:
calculating the instantaneous reaction rate of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current operation state according to the state parameters of the target battery and a pre-established thermal side reaction kinetic model; wherein the state parameters comprise a current battery temperature, a current temperature rise rate and a historical temperature rise rate; calculating the endogenous current intensity of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current operation state according to the unit electron transfer number of the thermal side reaction, the instantaneous reaction rate and the reactant quality of the thermal side reaction; and determining field parameters of the target energy field according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction corresponding to the thermal side reaction.
In one embodiment, the target energy field is an electric field, and the field parameters of the target energy field include a target electric field strength and a target electric field direction; the energy field applying member includes a first electrode and a second electrode; the determining module is specifically configured to:
detecting the resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode; determining the target electric field intensity according to the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the resistance and the endogenous current intensity; and determining the direction of the target electric field according to the direction of the generated current.
In one embodiment, the determining module is specifically configured to:
determining a lower limit value of the target electric field intensity according to the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the resistance and the endogenous current intensity; calculating the thermal side reaction heat generation power of the target battery in the current operation state according to the state parameters of the target battery and the thermal side reaction kinetic model; determining an upper limit value of the target electric field intensity according to the distance, the resistance and the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction; determining the target electric field strength between the upper limit value and the lower limit value.
In one embodiment, the target energy field is a magnetic field, and the field parameters of the target energy field include a target magnetic field strength and a target magnetic field direction; the determining module is specifically configured to:
determining the target magnetic field strength according to the relative atomic mass of charged particles generated by the thermal side reaction of the target battery, the charge number of the charged particles, the reaction interface thickness corresponding to the thermal side reaction and the endogenous current strength; and determining the target magnetic field direction according to the direction of the generated current corresponding to the thermal side reaction.
In a third aspect, the application also provides a system for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery. The system includes a battery controller and an energy field application component;
the battery controller is used for monitoring the running state of a target battery and determining field parameters of a target energy field corresponding to the target battery under the condition that the current running state of the target battery is monitored to reach a preset inhibition condition; wherein the target energy field comprises an electric field and/or a magnetic field; the field parameters of the target energy field are determined according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction of the target battery;
the battery controller is further used for applying the target energy field to the target battery through the energy field applying component according to the field parameter of the target energy field, wherein the target energy field is used for reducing the equivalent current intensity of the charged particle motion generated by the thermal side reaction of the target battery.
In one embodiment, in the case where the target energy field is an electric field, the energy field applying members are a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the target battery; or, a first electrode and a second electrode, other than the positive electrode and the negative electrode, disposed inside the target battery; or, a third electrode and a fourth electrode disposed outside the target battery, the third electrode and the fourth electrode being disposed on two sides of the target battery, respectively;
the energy field applying member is a coil provided inside the target battery when the target energy field is a magnetic field; or, a coil disposed outside the target battery; or a magnetic material disposed inside the target battery.
In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a computer device. The computer device comprises a memory storing a computer program and a processor implementing the steps of the method of the first aspect when executing the computer program.
In a fifth aspect, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of the first aspect.
In a sixth aspect, the present application further provides a computer program product. The computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method of the first aspect.
According to the battery thermal runaway suppression method, the system, the device, the computer equipment, the storage medium and the computer program product, under the condition that the current operation state of the target battery is monitored to reach the preset suppression condition, the field parameters of the target energy field corresponding to the target battery are determined, and the target energy field is applied to the target battery through the energy field application component. The field parameters of the target energy field are determined according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction in the target battery, so that the equivalent current intensity of the charged particle motion generated by the thermal side reaction of the target battery can be effectively reduced by applying the target energy field, the reaction intensity of the thermal side reaction generated in the battery under the abuse condition is weakened, the heat production and gas production behaviors of the thermal side reaction in the battery are inhibited, the effective inhibition on the thermal runaway of the battery is realized, and the safety performance of the battery is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of suppressing the generation of electric current in thermal side reactions in one example;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the direction of current flow between an oxidant and a reductant in one example;
FIG. 4 is a graph of heat generation power at different temperatures for three combined samples in one example;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of determining field parameters of a target energy field in one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of another embodiment for determining field parameters of a target energy field;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an exemplary arrangement of electrodes of an energy field applying member;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of applying a magnetic field to inhibit generation of an electric current in a thermal side reaction;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of coils in one example;
FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating the suppression effect of thermal runaway in a battery in one example;
fig. 11 is a block diagram showing the structure of a device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery in one embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of an internal structure of a computer device in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
First, before specifically describing the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a technical background or a technical evolution context on which the embodiment of the present application is based is described. In the related art, the method for inhibiting the thermal runaway of the battery mainly adopts a physical cooling method, for example, the physical cooling is carried out on the battery through an external cooling system or a fire extinguishing agent is arranged in a battery pack, so that the thermal runaway of the battery is inhibited. However, in practical applications, the above-mentioned physical cooling method mainly plays a role in reducing the damage after the thermal runaway of the battery, such as inhibiting the expansion of the thermal runaway of the battery, reducing the risk of fire and explosion, etc., and cannot effectively inhibit the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the battery, and the improvement on the safety performance of the battery is limited. Based on the background, through long-term research and development and experimental verification, the applicant provides the method for inhibiting the thermal runaway of the battery, so that the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the battery can be effectively inhibited, and the safety performance of the battery is greatly improved. In addition, it should be noted that the applicant has paid a lot of creative efforts in finding the technical problems of the present application and the technical solutions described in the following embodiments.
The method for restraining the thermal runaway of the battery provided by the embodiment of the application can be executed by a battery controller, and the battery controller can be applied to a battery thermal runaway restraining system which can comprise a battery controller and an energy field applying component. The battery controller can be an independent terminal device, can also be integrated in a battery management system, and can be flexibly arranged according to actual conditions.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a method for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery is provided, which is described by taking the method as an example of being applied to a battery controller, and comprises the following steps:
step 101, determining field parameters of a target energy field corresponding to a target battery under the condition that the current running state of the target battery is monitored to reach a preset inhibition condition.
The preset inhibition condition is a preset condition for triggering and inhibiting the thermal runaway operation. If the operating state of the target battery reaches the preset suppression condition, it may be considered that the target battery may be in an abuse condition with a potential risk of thermal runaway. For example, the preset suppression condition may be that the battery temperature and/or the battery voltage reach a preset value, and the like, and may be set according to experience or experiment. In one example, the preset restraint condition is that the battery temperature reaches 50 ℃, or the battery temperature is between 50 and 180 ℃ (inclusive). The target energy field comprises an electric field and/or a magnetic field, i.e. an energy field which may be a separate electric field, a separate magnetic field, or an electromagnetic coupling. The field parameters of the target energy field are determined according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction of the target cell.
The applicant finds that under the abuse condition of the battery, redox reaction can occur between materials which are stably existing in the battery and generate a large amount of heat, and the heat generated by the redox reaction can push the temperature of the battery to be continuously increased and cause thermal runaway of the battery. Wherein there is an exchange of charged particles (charged particles include electrons e) at the interface between the oxidant and the reductant during the redox reaction between the materials in the battery - Negative ion X n- Positive charged ion Y m+ ) The directional motion of the charged particles produced by the redox reaction creates an endogenous current for the thermal side reaction described herein. Since the current can be influenced by the electric field or the magnetic field and the intensity or the direction of the current changes, the restraint of the thermal runaway of the battery can be realized by controlling the endogenous current of the thermal side reaction in the battery by applying the energy field (comprising the electric field and/or the magnetic field).
In implementation, the battery controller may monitor the operation state of the target battery in real time, such as monitoring state parameters of the battery, such as the operating voltage, the operating current, the battery temperature, and the temperature rise rate. If the current running state of the target battery is monitored to reach the preset inhibition condition, the battery controller can obtain or calculate the field parameters of the target energy field corresponding to the target battery.
For example, the endogenous current strength and the endogenous current direction of the internal thermal side reaction of the target battery when the preset inhibition condition is reached (for example, when the battery temperature is 50 to 180 ℃) can be obtained in advance through experimental analysis. A detailed description of an experimental example will be provided later. Then, the field parameters of the target energy field capable of effectively reducing the endogenous current intensity can be calculated according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction. For example, in an example, the target energy field may be an electric field, and the field parameters may include an electric field strength and an electric field direction, a direction opposite to an internal current direction may be determined as the electric field direction of the target energy field, and an electric field strength value corresponding to the internal current strength is used as the electric field strength of the target energy field (or is optimally adjusted on the basis of the electric field strength value), so that the field parameters of the target energy field may be obtained and stored in the database. The battery controller may then directly acquire the field parameters of the pre-stored target energy field.
And 102, applying the target energy field to the target battery through the energy field applying component according to the field parameters of the target energy field.
In an implementation, the battery controller may apply the target energy field to the target battery through the energy field applying component according to field parameters of the target energy field. Wherein the target energy field is used to reduce an equivalent amperage of a charged particle motion resulting from a thermal side reaction of the target cell. As shown in fig. 2, at the reaction interface where the thermal side reaction occurs, the charged particles generated by the thermal side reaction form an internal current due to the directional motion, so that the intensity of the equivalent current of the motion of the charged particles can be reduced by applying an electric field and/or a magnetic field to change the motion intensity and/or the motion direction of the charged particles, thereby reducing the reaction intensity of the thermal side reaction and further achieving the purpose of suppressing the thermal runaway of the battery. The energy field applying component can be arranged according to the situation, and the target energy field applying corresponding field parameters can be realized. In one example, the energy field applying parts may be a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the target battery, the target energy field may be an electric field, and the battery controller may implement the target energy field (electric field) of the corresponding field parameter by applying a current or a voltage through the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the target battery according to the field parameter (electric field strength and electric field direction) of the target energy field.
According to the method for restraining the thermal runaway of the battery, under the condition that the current running state of the target battery is monitored to reach the preset restraining condition, the field parameter of the target energy field corresponding to the target battery is determined, and the target energy field is applied to the target battery through the energy field applying component. The field parameters of the target energy field are determined according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction in the target battery, so that the equivalent current intensity of the charged particle motion generated by the thermal side reaction of the target battery can be effectively reduced by applying the target energy field, the reaction intensity of the thermal side reaction generated in the battery under the abuse condition is weakened, the heat production and gas production behaviors of the thermal side reaction are inhibited, the effective inhibition on the thermal runaway of the battery is realized, and the safety performance of the battery is improved.
In one example, the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction of the target battery may be obtained in advance through experiments and calculations, and a detailed description of one experimental example is provided below.
Step (1), disassembling the sample battery in an inert gas environment to obtain each material component of the sample battery, and determining the mass of each material component.
Wherein, the physical and chemical properties of the sample battery and the target battery are the same. For example, a commercial battery of the same type as the target battery may be purchased directly, or a sample composition identical to each material composition of the target battery may be used to prepare a sample battery. Before disassembly, the sample cell may be charged or discharged to adjust its open circuit voltage to the operating voltage of the target cell. The material components comprise a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material, electrolyte, a diaphragm, a current collector, an aluminum plastic film and the like. It can be understood that the working voltage of the target battery can be in a range, and the open-circuit voltage of the sample battery can be adjusted to the maximum working voltage of the target battery only so as to perform subsequent testing, modeling, calculation and other processing; the method can also be used for respectively carrying out subsequent processing on sample batteries under different open-circuit voltages to obtain thermal side reaction kinetic models under different open-circuit voltages, or further calculating the corresponding relation between the open-circuit voltage and field parameters of the energy field, so that when the method is used, the field parameters of the corresponding energy field can be selected as the field parameters of the target energy field according to the open-circuit voltage (or the state of charge and the like) of the target battery under the current running state, or the endogenous current intensity can be calculated in real time according to the thermal side reaction kinetic models corresponding to the current open-circuit voltage.
And (2) combining the material components into a plurality of combined samples, and carrying out calorimetric test on each combined sample to obtain temperature data of each combined sample at a plurality of heating rates and heat generation power corresponding to each temperature data.
Wherein each combination sample comprises at least two material components. Different thermal side reactions may occur among different material components, and in order to establish a thermal side reaction kinetic model more accurately and determine the setting position of the energy field application part better, various combinations of the material components of the battery can be performed, and calorimetric tests can be performed respectively. For example, the positive electrode active material and the electrolyte may be combined into a combination sample No. 1, the negative electrode active material and the electrolyte may be combined into a combination sample No. 2, the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material may be combined into a combination sample No. 3, and the like. The number of the types of the combined samples can be set according to actual conditions, if n material components are obtained in the step (1), m material components can be selected from the n material components, and m is greater than 2 and less than or equal to n, then at most X combined samples can be formed, and the formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0004051117060000091
the calorimetric test can be a scanning calorimetric test under a plurality of heating rates by using a differential scanning calorimeter to respectively carry out the combined samples, and the heating rate can be set to be 0.5 ℃/min,1 ℃/min,2 ℃/min,5 ℃/min,10 ℃/min,15 ℃/min,20 ℃/min and the like. At each heating rate, the heating test is stopped when the temperature rises to a predetermined temperature, for example, the predetermined temperature may be 180 ℃, 250 ℃, or 350 ℃. For each combination sample, the temperature data for that combination sample at each heating rate, and the heat generation power for each temperature data, can be measured. The heat generation power measured at this time is the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction occurring in the combined sample, which is related to the temperature and the temperature increase rate (heating rate). According to the temperature data and the corresponding heat production power, a heat production power-temperature relation curve can be drawn.
And (3) fitting to obtain thermal side reaction kinetic parameters corresponding to each combined sample according to the temperature data of each combined sample at a plurality of heating rates and the heat generation power corresponding to each temperature data, and establishing a kinetic model according to the thermal side reaction kinetic parameters. And combining the kinetic models corresponding to the combined samples to obtain a thermal side reaction kinetic model of the target battery.
The thermal side reaction kinetic model can be used for calculating the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction and the instantaneous reaction rate of the thermal side reaction of the target battery under different operation states (the operation states comprise the battery temperature, the temperature rise rate and other state parameters). In one example, the thermal side reaction kinetic model may be represented by equations (2) to (5):
Figure GDA0004051117060000101
Figure GDA0004051117060000102
Figure GDA0004051117060000103
Figure GDA0004051117060000104
wherein, the formula (2) is an Allen-baus equation,
Figure GDA0004051117060000105
denotes the instantaneous reaction rate of the reaction, A α As a forward factor of the reaction, E a,α For the activation energy of the reaction, R 0 ＝8.314J·mol -1 ·K -1 For an ideal gas constant, T (T) is the temperature at the reaction time T, f α (c α (t)) is a function of the reaction rate. Formula (3) is the formula of conservation of mass, c α (t) is the normalized concentration of the reactant alpha at the reaction time t, c α,0 Is c α Initial value of (t) (normalized concentration of reactant α at initial time of reaction), c α,0 May be set to 1. For the thermochemical reaction of the cell, the reaction rate function f α (c α (t)) can be calculated according to the formula (4) wherein a α ，b α ，p α Are all reaction constants. P α Heat generation power for thermal side reaction, Δ H α Is the enthalpy of reaction. The units of the physical quantities are international systems of units.
Parameter A in the thermal side reaction kinetic model α ，E a,α ，ΔH α 、a α ，b α ，p α Collectively called thermal side reaction kinetic parameters, can be obtained by performing fitting calculation according to the test result of the calorimetric test in the step (2). The fitting method can be selected from Kissinger method, ozawa method and other nonlinear fitting methods (such as least square method, genetic algorithm and the like).
And (4) analyzing a reaction equation of the thermal side reaction of the target battery, and calculating the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction.
Specifically, the components of each combined sample after the heating test can be detected, for example, the main product of each combined sample after the thermal side reaction can be determined by characterization methods such as an X-ray diffraction spectrum, an X-ray photoelectron spectrum, an infrared spectrum, a gas chromatography, a mass spectrum and the like, and the reaction equation of the thermal side reaction can be further analyzed by combining the components of each combined sample before the calorimetric test. As an example, the reaction equation can be expressed by equation (6):
α+x β＝y γ+ z δ (6)
wherein α and β are reactants; γ and δ are creatures; and x, y and z are the stoichiometric ratio of the reaction. It is understood that the formula (6) is only an example of two reactants, the number of the reactants and the products in the actual reaction is not limited, and the specific reaction equation is subject to the actual analysis condition.
Then, the valence states of the reactant and the product can be analyzed based on the reaction equation and the characterization result, and the oxidant (which may be referred to as α), the reductant (which may be referred to as β) and the number of transferred electrons (which may be referred to as i, and may be simply referred to as the number of transferred electrons per unit amount of consumed substance) of the reactant α in the reaction can be determined.
And then, determining the direction of the internally generated current according to the corresponding relationship between the oxidant and the reductant and each material component in the battery. As shown in fig. 3, the direction of the generated current is from the oxidizing agent α to the reducing agent β, and if the oxidizing agent is a component in the electrolyte, that is, the oxidizing agent corresponds to the electrolyte, and the reducing agent is a component in the negative electrode active material, that is, the reducing agent corresponds to the negative electrode, the direction of the generated current can be determined to be from the electrolyte to the negative electrode.
And (4) calculating the unit endogenous current intensity of the thermal side reaction according to the unit electron transfer number i and the thermal side reaction kinetic model established in the step (3). The current is the amount of charge passing per unit time, and the calculation of the current intensity I (t) generated per unit is shown in formula (7) and formula (8):
Figure GDA0004051117060000121
Figure GDA0004051117060000122
wherein I (t) is the endogenous current intensity generated by consuming a unit mass of the reactant α corresponding to time t, and may be referred to as a unit endogenous current intensity; e is the charge constant 1.602 × 10 -19 C，N A Is Avogastro constant 6.02 x 10 23 。
Figure GDA0004051117060000123
The instantaneous reaction rate of the thermal side reaction calculated according to the thermal side reaction kinetic model, i.e. the amount of the substance consuming the reactant α per unit time corresponding to the time t.
According to the total mass m of the reactants alpha α (as determined in step (1)), and the unit endogenous current intensity I (t), the endogenous current intensity I of the thermal side reaction can be calculated α The calculation formula is as follows:
I α ＝m α ×I(t) (9)
(5) According to the thermal side reaction kinetic model, calculating the endogenous current intensity of the thermal side reaction of the target battery under the preset inhibition condition (such as the temperature of the battery is 50-180 ℃).
If the thermal runaway suppression operation is not performed on the target battery, the temperature T of the target battery at the time T can be predicted by the following formula:
Figure GDA0004051117060000124
Figure GDA0004051117060000125
P ALL ＝P CELL +P env (12)
Figure GDA0004051117060000126
wherein, T 0 Is the ambient temperature T 0 ，C h Is the specific heat capacity of the battery, P env For dissipating heat power, P cell Is the sum of the heat-generating powers of the thermal side reactions in the target cell, n is the total number of types of thermal side reactions occurring in the cell, P α The heat-generating power for the thermal side reaction corresponding to the reactant alpha (see equations 2 to 5), P CELL Is the sum of the heat generating power and the heat dissipating power of the target battery. When performing the calculation, P env It can be set according to the general use condition of the target battery, and can also be set in the most dangerous condition, such as adiabatic environment, namely, set to 0.
The simultaneous formulas 2 to 13 can calculate the corresponding relationship between the endogenous current intensity of each type of thermal side reaction and the battery temperature and the corresponding relationship between the heat generation power of each type of thermal side reaction and the battery temperature, and further determine the type of thermal side reaction (thermal side reaction with high heat generation power) to be suppressed and the endogenous current intensity of the type of thermal side reaction of the battery in the temperature range (for example, 50 to 180 ℃) corresponding to the preset suppression condition.
For example, fig. 4 is a graph of heat generation power of three combined samples of a certain type of target battery at different temperatures, i.e., the corresponding relationship between the heat generation power of three different types of thermal side reactions and the temperature of the battery. If the preset inhibition condition is that the battery temperature is 50-180 ℃, it can be found from fig. 4 that, in the temperature range, the combined sample corresponding to the thermal side reaction with the maximum heat generation power is the negative electrode active material-electrolyte combination, and the heat generation power of the other two combined samples in the temperature range can be ignored, so that the thermal side reaction occurring between the negative electrode active material and the electrolyte is the type of thermal side reaction which needs to be inhibited under the preset inhibition condition. From the characterization and analysis (see step (4)), the reaction equation that may occur for the negative active material-electrolyte combination sample in this temperature range is shown below, and it is understood that this equation is merely illustrative and not the only possible reaction equation:
C 3 H 4 O 3 +2Li→Li 2 CO 3 +C 2 H 4 (14)
analysis shows that the reducing agent in the thermal side reaction is a lithium intercalation negative electrode (Li or LiC) 6 ) When the oxidizing agent is a carbonate solvent (e.g., ethylene carbonate EC) in the electrolyte, the direction of the internal current generated by the thermal side reaction is from the electrolyte to the negative electrode. The endogenous current intensity of the thermal side reaction can be calculated according to a thermal side reaction kinetic model (see step (3)) and a current calculation formula (see formulas 7 to 9).
The field parameters of the target energy field can be further calculated according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction and the related parameters of the energy field applying component, and are stored so as to be directly used by the battery controller.
In other embodiments, the battery controller may further calculate, in real time, an endogenous current intensity and an endogenous current direction of a thermal side reaction that needs to be currently suppressed according to the current operating state of the target battery, so as to calculate field parameters of the target energy field. As shown in fig. 5, in an embodiment, the process of determining the field parameter of the target energy field in step 101 specifically includes the following steps:
step 501, calculating the instantaneous reaction rate of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current operation state according to the state parameters of the target battery and a thermal side reaction kinetic model established in advance.
In implementation, the battery controller may monitor and store state parameters of the target battery in real time, including battery temperature, temperature rise rate, open-circuit voltage, state of charge, and the like. When it is monitored that the current operating state of the target battery reaches the preset inhibition condition, the battery controller may calculate an instantaneous reaction rate (which may be recorded as a thermal side reaction rate) of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current operating state according to the state parameters of the target battery (such as the current battery temperature, the current temperature-rise rate, and the stored historical temperature-rise rate) and a pre-established thermal side reaction kinetic model
Figure GDA0004051117060000141
). The thermal side reaction kinetic model was previously established based on experiments and computational analysis, as in step (3) in the foregoing experimental example. It will be appreciated that the battery controller may also calculate the necessary parameters based on other state parameters of the target cell in order to calculate the instantaneous reaction rate in conjunction with the thermal side reaction kinetic model.
And 502, calculating the endogenous current intensity of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current operation state according to the unit electron transfer number of the thermal side reaction, the instantaneous reaction rate and the reactant mass of the thermal side reaction.
Among them, the unit electron transfer number i of the thermal side reaction can be obtained in advance according to experiments and analysis, as in the step (4) in the foregoing experimental example. Number of electron transfers per unit of thermal side reaction i and mass of reactant m α Can be stored in advance as parameters of the target cell, and the cell controller can directly obtain the prestored unit electron transfer number i and the reactant mass m α Combined with the instantaneous reaction rate calculated in step 501
Figure GDA0004051117060000142
Calculating to obtain the endogenous current intensity I of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current running state α The calculation formulas are shown in the foregoing formulas (7) to (9).
And 503, determining field parameters of the target energy field according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction corresponding to the thermal side reaction.
The direction of the generated current corresponding to the thermal side reaction can be determined in advance according to experimental analysis, and step (4) of the aforementioned experimental example can be seen. The direction of the current generated by the thermal side reaction may be stored in advance as a parameter of the target battery.
In an implementation, the battery controller may be configured to calculate the endogenous amperage I from step 502 α And determining the field parameters of the target energy field according to the prestored internal current directions corresponding to the thermal side reactions.
In the embodiment, the endogenous current intensity of the thermal side reaction is calculated in real time according to the current state parameters of the battery, so that the field parameters of the target energy field can be regulated and controlled in real time, the thermal runaway of the battery can be more accurately and effectively inhibited, and the safety performance of the battery is improved.
In one embodiment, the target energy field is an electric field, the field parameters of the target energy field include a target electric field strength and a target electric field direction, the energy field applying component includes a first electrode and a second electrode, as shown in fig. 6, the process of determining the field parameters of the target energy field in step 503 specifically includes the following steps:
step 601, detecting the resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode.
Wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are used for applying a current or a voltage for the purpose of applying a target energy field (electric field) of a corresponding field parameter to the target cell. The first electrode and the second electrode may be a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the target battery, respectively; alternatively, there may be an additional electrode other than the positive electrode and the negative electrode, which is provided inside the target battery; alternatively, the electrodes may be provided outside the target cell, and the first electrode and the second electrode may be provided on both sides of the target cell, respectively. As shown in fig. 7, positive and negative sides of the battery indicate a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the battery, inner 1, inner 2, inner 3, and inner 4 indicate additional electrodes provided inside the battery, and outer 1 and outer 2 indicate electrodes provided outside the battery. The positions of the first electrode and the second electrode can be determined according to the position where the thermal side reaction occurs and/or the direction of the generated current of the thermal side reaction. For example, in the foregoing experimental example, it is found through experimental analysis of a battery of a certain type that, under a preset suppression condition, a main thermal side reaction occurring inside the battery is a reaction occurring between an electrolyte and a negative electrode active material, and an internal current direction of the thermal side reaction is a direction flowing from the electrolyte to the negative electrode, and therefore, in order to suppress a reaction intensity of the thermal side reaction, an electric field opposite to the internal current direction may be applied between the electrolyte and the negative electrode active material, and the electric field needs to cover as much as possible an interface where the negative electrode and the electrolyte are in contact, so as to reduce a movement intensity of charged particles generated by the thermal side reaction, that is, to reduce an intensity of an equivalent current of a movement of the charged particles. Therefore, the first electrode may be disposed on the electrolyte side, and the second electrode may be disposed on the negative electrode side, and the electrode position diagram shown in fig. 7 is taken as an example, and the first electrode and the second electrode may be combined as follows: positive and negative; alternatively, outer 1 and outer 2; alternatively, inner 3 and inner 4. In addition, the combination modes of plus + inner 4, inner 1+ inner 4, inner 2+ inner 4, plus + outer 2 and the like can be adopted.
In practice, the first electrode and the second electrode may be preset, and if the target battery may have a plurality of combinations of the first electrode and the second electrode, the battery controller may determine the first electrode and the second electrode from the plurality of electrodes according to other preset strategies. The battery controller may then detect the resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode. It is understood that if the electrode combination is outer 1 and outer 2, the battery controller may detect the resistance between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery (i.e., the resistance of the full battery) as the resistance between the first and second electrodes.
Step 602, determining a target electric field intensity according to the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the resistance and the endogenous current intensity.
Wherein the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode can be stored in advance as a parameter of the target battery. If the target cell involves multiple electrode combinations, the pitch of each electrode combination may be stored correspondingly.
In practice, the battery controller may calculate the endogenous current intensity I according to the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode (which may be denoted as d), the resistance measured in step 601 (which may be denoted as R), and the endogenous current intensity I calculated in step 502 α Calculating the target electric field intensity (denoted as E) A ). In one example, the calculation formula of the target electric field strength is as follows:
Figure GDA0004051117060000161
where η is a predetermined coefficient, which may be set empirically or experimentally, and may be set to 1.1.
Step 603, determining the direction of the target electric field according to the direction of the generated current.
In practice, the direction of the induced current may be determined in advance from experimental analysis and stored. The battery controller may obtain the direction of the generated current and use the direction opposite to the direction of the generated current as the target electric field direction.
In this embodiment, the target energy field is an electric field, the energy field applying component includes a first electrode and a second electrode, and the electric field can be applied to the target battery through the first electrode and the second electrode, and field parameters of the electric field can be determined according to a distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, a resistance, an endogenous current strength, and an endogenous current direction.
In one embodiment, the process of determining the target electric field strength in step 602 specifically includes the following steps:
determining a lower limit value of the target electric field intensity according to the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the resistance and the endogenous current intensity; calculating the thermal side reaction heat generation power of the target battery in the current operation state according to the state parameters of the target battery and the thermal side reaction kinetic model; determining an upper limit value of the target electric field strength according to the distance, the resistance and the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction; between the upper limit value and the lower limit value, a target electric field strength is determined.
In an implementation, the battery controller may be based on the distance d between the first and second electrodes, the resistance R, and the endogenous current intensity I α Determining a lower limit value E of the target electric field strength A, . In one example, the lower limit value E A, The calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
Figure GDA0004051117060000171
and the battery controller can calculate the heat generation power P of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current running state according to the state parameters of the target battery and the thermal side reaction kinetic model CELL (see the aforementioned formulas 2 to 5, and 13), wherein the thermal side reaction kinetic model is previously established based on experiments and computational analysis, as in the step (3) in the aforementioned experimental example. Then, the battery controller may calculate the thermal side reaction heat generation power of the target battery in the current operation state according to the distance d, the resistance R, and the thermal side reaction heat generation power P CELL Determining the upper limit value (denoted as E) of the target electric field strength A, ). In one example, the upper limit value E A, The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure GDA0004051117060000172
thereafter, the battery controller may be at a lower limit value E A, And an upper limit value E A, In between, the target electric field strength E is determined A . For example, the battery controller may follow between an upper limit and a lower limitThe machine selects a numerical value as the target electric field intensity, or takes a random value as an initial value, and then carries out optimization adjustment on the initial value to obtain the target electric field intensity.
In this embodiment, considering the degree of suppression of the target electric field intensity on the generated current, and the possibility that the application of the electric field to the target battery causes extra current and joule heat, the heat generation amount of the applied electric field needs to be smaller than the heat generation amount of the thermal side reaction of the target battery, therefore, in this embodiment, the lower limit value of the electric field intensity is calculated according to the generated current intensity, the upper limit value of the electric field intensity is calculated according to the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction, the target electric field intensity is determined between the upper limit value and the lower limit value, and the field parameter of the target electric field, which can effectively suppress the thermal runaway of the battery, can be determined more accurately.
In one embodiment, the target energy field is a magnetic field, and the field parameters of the target energy field include a target magnetic field strength and a target magnetic field direction. The process of determining the field parameters of the target energy field in step 503 specifically includes:
determining the target magnetic field strength according to the relative atomic mass of charged particles generated by thermal side reaction of the target battery, the charge number of the charged particles, the reaction interface thickness corresponding to the thermal side reaction and the endogenous current strength; and determining the target magnetic field direction according to the direction of the internally generated current.
Wherein the charged particles (denoted as Z) are generated by thermal side reactions p+/- ) Relative atomic mass of (can be noted as M) Z ) Charged particle Z p+/- Number of charges (can be expressed as p) and reaction interface thickness (can be expressed as d) B ) It may be obtained in advance through experimental analysis, and may be stored in advance as a parameter of the target battery. For example, as shown in fig. 8, according to the foregoing experimental example, the thermal side reaction that needs to be suppressed is a reaction that occurs between the electrolyte and the negative electrode, so the magnetic field B A The generated current between the cathode and the electrolyte needs to be controlled as much as possible at the thickness d of the cathode-electrolyte interface B Internal, magnetic field B A The direction of the magnetic field is on a plane vertical to the direction of the endogenous current, charged particles generated by thermal side reaction do circular motion under the action of an external magnetic field, the motion radius is r, so that the heat is changed through the magnetic fieldThe moving direction of the charged particles generated by the side reaction is used for reducing the equivalent current intensity of the charged particle movement and weakening the reaction intensity of the thermal side reaction.
In implementation, the battery controller may be based on charged particles Z p+/- Relative atomic mass M of Z Charged particle Z p+/- P, reaction interface thickness d B And the endogenous current intensity I obtained in step 502 α Calculating the target magnetic field intensity B A . In one example, the target magnetic field strength B A The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure GDA0004051117060000181
wherein e is a charge constant of 1.602 × 10 -19 C，N A Is Avogastro constant 6.02 x 10 23 . η is a predetermined coefficient, and may be set empirically or experimentally, and may be set to 1.1, for example.
When the target energy field is a magnetic field, the energy field applying means is configured to apply a magnetic field corresponding to the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction to the target battery. In one implementation, the energy field applying component may be a coil disposed inside the battery, as shown in fig. 9, the coil may be disposed at a boundary area between the electrolyte and the negative electrode, and the target energy field (magnetic field) of the corresponding field parameter is achieved by passing a current through the coil. In other implementations, the coil may be disposed outside the battery, or the magnetic material may be disposed inside the battery (e.g., in the positive and negative active materials) to implement the target energy field corresponding to the field parameter. The magnetic materials include hard magnetic materials and soft magnetic materials. The hard magnetic material or the permanent magnetic material comprises an aluminum-nickel-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy, an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy, a permanent magnetic ferrite, a rare earth permanent magnetic material, a composite permanent magnetic material and the like. Soft magnetic materials such as iron-silicon alloys (silicon steel sheets), soft magnetic ferrites, and the like.
In this embodiment, the target magnetic field strength may be calculated by using the parameters of the charged particles, the reaction interface thickness corresponding to the thermal side reaction, and the endogenous current strength, and the direction perpendicular to the endogenous current direction is taken as the target magnetic field direction, so as to obtain the field parameters of the target energy field (magnetic field).
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an effect of thermal runaway suppression on a battery by the battery thermal runaway suppression method according to the present application in a specific example. Through a lateral heating test of the ternary 811 battery cell with the capacity of 1Ah, according to the test result of FIG. 10, it can be seen that thermal runaway occurs after the battery is heated for about 8 minutes without thermal runaway suppression operation, the temperature rises sharply, and the voltage drops to 0V instantaneously. After the battery thermal runaway suppression method is used for suppressing the generated current in the thermal side reaction, the internal temperature of the battery begins to slowly drop after heating for 30 minutes, the voltage of the battery is still stable, and the thermal runaway of the battery does not occur. The method for restraining the thermal runaway of the battery can effectively restrain the thermal runaway of the battery.
The embodiment of the application also provides a system for restraining the thermal runaway of the battery, which comprises a battery controller and an energy field applying component.
The battery controller is used for monitoring the running state of the target battery and determining field parameters of a target energy field corresponding to the target battery under the condition that the current running state of the target battery is monitored to reach a preset inhibition condition; wherein the target energy field comprises an electric field and/or a magnetic field; the field parameters of the target energy field are determined according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction of the target cell. The battery controller is further used for applying the target energy field to the target battery through the energy field applying component according to the field parameter of the target energy field, and the target energy field is used for reducing the equivalent current intensity of the charged particle motion generated by the thermal side reaction of the target battery.
In one embodiment, where the target energy field is an electric field, the energy field application components are the positive and negative poles of the target battery; or, a first electrode and a second electrode, other than the positive electrode and the negative electrode, disposed inside the target battery; or a third electrode and a fourth electrode arranged outside the target battery, wherein the third electrode and the fourth electrode are respectively arranged at two sides of the target battery.
The energy field applying member is a coil provided inside the target battery when the target energy field is a magnetic field; or, a coil disposed outside the target battery; or a magnetic material disposed inside the target battery.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts related to the embodiments as described above are sequentially displayed as indicated by arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed sequentially as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in the exact order shown and described, and may be performed in other orders, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Moreover, at least a part of the steps in the flowcharts related to the embodiments described above may include multiple steps or multiple stages, which are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the execution order of the steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be rotated or alternated with other steps or at least a part of the steps or stages in other steps.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery thermal runaway suppression device for implementing the battery thermal runaway suppression method. The implementation scheme for solving the problem provided by the device is similar to the implementation scheme described in the method, so specific limitations in one or more embodiments of the device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery provided below can be referred to the limitations on the method for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery, and are not described again here.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, there is provided a battery thermal runaway suppression apparatus 1100, including: a determination module 1101 and an application module 1102, wherein:
the determining module 1101 is configured to determine a field parameter of a target energy field corresponding to a target battery when it is monitored that a current operating state of the target battery reaches a preset suppression condition; wherein the target energy field comprises an electric field and/or a magnetic field; the field parameters of the target energy field are determined according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction of the target battery;
and an applying module 1102, configured to apply, by the energy field applying unit, the target energy field to the target cell according to the field parameter of the target energy field, where the target energy field is used to reduce an equivalent current intensity of the charged particle motion generated by a thermal side reaction of the target cell.
In one embodiment, the determining module 1101 is specifically configured to: calculating the instantaneous reaction rate of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current operation state according to the state parameters of the target battery and a pre-established thermal side reaction kinetic model; the state parameters comprise the current battery temperature, the current temperature rise rate and the historical temperature rise rate; calculating the endogenous current intensity of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current operation state according to the unit electron transfer number of the thermal side reaction, the instantaneous reaction rate and the reactant mass of the thermal side reaction; and determining field parameters of the target energy field according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction corresponding to the thermal side reaction.
In one embodiment, the target energy field is an electric field, and the field parameters of the target energy field include a target electric field strength and a target electric field direction; the energy field applying member includes a first electrode and a second electrode; the determining module 1101 is specifically configured to: detecting the resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode; determining the target electric field intensity according to the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the resistance and the endogenous current intensity; and determining the direction of the target electric field according to the direction of the internally generated current.
In one embodiment, the determining module 1101 is specifically configured to: determining a lower limit value of the target electric field intensity according to the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the resistance and the endogenous current intensity; calculating the thermal side reaction heat generation power of the target battery in the current operation state according to the state parameters of the target battery and the thermal side reaction kinetic model; determining an upper limit value of the target electric field intensity according to the distance, the resistance and the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction; between the upper limit value and the lower limit value, a target electric field strength is determined.
In one embodiment, the target energy field is a magnetic field, and the field parameters of the target energy field include a target magnetic field strength and a target magnetic field direction; the determining module 1101 is specifically configured to: determining the target magnetic field intensity according to the relative atomic mass of charged particles generated by thermal side reaction of the target battery, the charge number of the charged particles, the reaction interface thickness corresponding to the thermal side reaction and the endogenous current intensity; and determining the direction of the target magnetic field according to the direction of the internally generated current corresponding to the thermal side reaction.
The above-mentioned device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, or a combination thereof. The modules can be embedded in a hardware form or independent from a processor in the computer device, and can also be stored in a memory in the computer device in a software form, so that the processor can call and execute operations corresponding to the modules.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as shown in fig. 12. The computer device comprises a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen and an input device which are connected through a system bus. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device comprises a nonvolatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of an operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface of the computer device is used for carrying out wired or wireless communication with an external terminal, and the wireless communication can be realized through WIFI, a mobile cellular network, NFC (near field communication) or other technologies. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement a method of suppressing thermal runaway of a battery.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the architecture shown in fig. 12 is merely a block diagram of some of the structures associated with the disclosed aspects and is not intended to limit the computing devices to which the disclosed aspects apply, as particular computing devices may include more or less components than those shown, or may combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored therein a computer program, the processor implementing the steps of the above-described method embodiments when executing the computer program.
In an embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the above-mentioned method embodiments.
In an embodiment, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the above-mentioned method embodiments.
It should be noted that, the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data for analysis, stored data, presented data, etc.) referred to in the present application are information and data authorized by the user or sufficiently authorized by each party.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware instructions of a computer program, which can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, database, or other medium used in the embodiments provided herein may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. The nonvolatile Memory may include Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash Memory, optical Memory, high-density embedded nonvolatile Memory, resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM), magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM), ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FRAM), phase Change Memory (PCM), graphene Memory, and the like. Volatile Memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM), external cache Memory, and the like. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), among others. The databases referred to in various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of relational and non-relational databases. The non-relational database may include, but is not limited to, a block chain based distributed database, and the like. The processors referred to in the embodiments provided herein may be general purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processors, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing based data processing logic devices, etc., without limitation.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery, the method comprising:
under the condition that the current running state of a target battery is monitored to reach a preset inhibition condition, determining field parameters of a target energy field corresponding to the target battery; wherein the target energy field comprises an electric field and/or a magnetic field; the field parameters of the target energy field are determined according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction of the target battery;
applying the target energy field to the target battery through an energy field applying component according to the field parameters of the target energy field, wherein the target energy field is used for reducing the equivalent current intensity of the charged particle motion generated by the thermal side reaction of the target battery;
the preset inhibiting condition is that the current battery temperature of the target battery reaches a preset value; the determining field parameters of a target energy field corresponding to the target battery comprises:
calculating the instantaneous reaction rate of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current operation state according to the state parameters of the target battery and a pre-established thermal side reaction kinetic model;
calculating the endogenous current intensity of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current operation state according to the unit electron transfer number of the thermal side reaction, the instantaneous reaction rate and the reactant quality of the thermal side reaction;
and determining field parameters of the target energy field according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction corresponding to the thermal side reaction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the target energy field is an electric field, and the field parameters of the target energy field include a target electric field strength and a target electric field direction; the energy field applying member includes a first electrode and a second electrode;
determining field parameters of a target energy field according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction corresponding to the thermal side reaction, wherein the field parameters comprise:
detecting the resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode;
determining the target electric field intensity according to the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the resistance and the endogenous current intensity;
and determining the direction of the target electric field according to the direction of the generated current.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the target electric field strength from the spacing of the first and second electrodes, the resistance, and the endogenous electric current strength comprises:
determining a lower limit value of the target electric field intensity according to the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the resistance and the endogenous current intensity;
calculating the thermal side reaction heat generation power of the target battery in the current operation state according to the state parameters of the target battery and the thermal side reaction kinetic model;
determining an upper limit value of the target electric field intensity according to the distance, the resistance and the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction;
determining the target electric field strength between the upper limit value and the lower limit value.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the target energy field is a magnetic field, and the field parameters of the target energy field include a target magnetic field strength and a target magnetic field direction;
determining field parameters of a target energy field according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction corresponding to the thermal side reaction, wherein the field parameters comprise:
determining the target magnetic field strength according to the relative atomic mass of charged particles generated by the thermal side reaction of the target battery, the charge number of the charged particles, the reaction interface thickness corresponding to the thermal side reaction and the endogenous current strength;
and determining the target magnetic field direction according to the direction of the generated current corresponding to the thermal side reaction.
5. A system for suppressing thermal runaway in a battery, the system comprising a battery controller and an energy field application component;
the battery controller is used for monitoring the running state of a target battery and determining field parameters of a target energy field corresponding to the target battery under the condition that the current running state of the target battery is monitored to reach a preset inhibition condition; wherein the target energy field comprises an electric field and/or a magnetic field; the field parameters of the target energy field are determined according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction of the target battery;
the battery controller is further used for applying the target energy field to the target battery through the energy field applying component according to the field parameters of the target energy field, and the target energy field is used for reducing the equivalent current intensity of the charged particle motion generated by the thermal side reaction of the target battery;
the preset inhibiting condition is that the current battery temperature of the target battery reaches a preset value; the battery controller is specifically used for calculating the instantaneous reaction rate of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current operation state according to the state parameters of the target battery and a pre-established thermal side reaction kinetic model; calculating the endogenous current intensity of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current operation state according to the unit electron transfer number of the thermal side reaction, the instantaneous reaction rate and the reactant quality of the thermal side reaction; and determining field parameters of the target energy field according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction corresponding to the thermal side reaction.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein, in the case where the target energy field is an electric field, the energy field application members are a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the target battery; or, a first electrode and a second electrode, other than the positive electrode and the negative electrode, disposed inside the target battery; or, a third electrode and a fourth electrode disposed outside the target battery, the third electrode and the fourth electrode being disposed on two sides of the target battery, respectively;
the energy field applying member is a coil provided inside the target battery when the target energy field is a magnetic field; or, a coil disposed outside the target battery; or a magnetic material disposed inside the target battery.
7. An apparatus for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery, the apparatus comprising:
the determining module is used for determining field parameters of a target energy field corresponding to a target battery under the condition that the current running state of the target battery is monitored to reach a preset inhibiting condition; wherein the target energy field comprises an electric field and/or a magnetic field; the field parameters of the target energy field are determined according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction of the thermal side reaction of the target battery;
the application module is used for applying the target energy field to the target battery through an energy field application component according to the field parameters of the target energy field, and the target energy field is used for reducing the equivalent current intensity of the movement of the charged particles generated by the thermal side reaction of the target battery;
the preset inhibiting condition is that the current battery temperature of the target battery reaches a preset value; the determining module is specifically used for calculating the instantaneous reaction rate of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current operation state according to the state parameters of the target battery and a pre-established thermal side reaction kinetic model; calculating the endogenous current intensity of the thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current operation state according to the unit electron transfer number of the thermal side reaction, the instantaneous reaction rate and the reactant quality of the thermal side reaction; and determining field parameters of the target energy field according to the endogenous current intensity and the endogenous current direction corresponding to the thermal side reaction.
8. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 4.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
10. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that the computer program realizes the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 when executed by a processor.
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