CN115050970A - Fuel cell catalyst layer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Fuel cell catalyst layer and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115050970A
CN115050970A CN202110251586.9A CN202110251586A CN115050970A CN 115050970 A CN115050970 A CN 115050970A CN 202110251586 A CN202110251586 A CN 202110251586A CN 115050970 A CN115050970 A CN 115050970A
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fuel cell
catalyst
alcohol
perfluorosulfonic acid
catalyst layer
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CN115050970B (en
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不公告发明人
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Shanghai Platform For Smart Manufacturing Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8825Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • H01M4/8828Coating with slurry or ink
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/925Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H01M4/926Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel cell catalyst layer and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the steps of adding deionized water and alcohol into a perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution for dilution, stirring and dispersing to obtain a diluted ionomer solution; adding the obtained diluted ionomer solution into a platinum-carbon catalyst, performing ultrasonic dispersion, sequentially adding alcohol and deionized water, and performing shear dispersion by using a high-speed shear dispersion machine to obtain catalyst slurry; adsorbing the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane on an adsorption table, uniformly coating the obtained catalyst slurry on the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane by an ultrasonic sprayer, turning the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane after spraying on one surface, and spraying on the other surface. Compared with the prior art, the invention improves the uniformity and the dispersibility of the catalyst slurry, improves the coating property with the catalyst particles and improves the utilization rate of the catalyst.

Description

Fuel cell catalyst layer and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell catalyst layer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are a type of fuel that can store hydrogen in the form of H 2 、O 2 The chemical energy in (1) is directly converted into electric energy. The conversion process is not limited by the Carnot cycle process, so the method has high energy conversion efficiency. In addition, the fuel cell has the characteristics of no noise, no vibration, clean emission, environmental friendliness and modular arrangement, so that the fuel cell technology has wide application prospects in the fields of new energy automobiles, distributed power stations and the like. The catalytic layer of the fuel cell is the core area of the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and relates toAnd complicated transmission of gas, electricity, heat, water, force and the like, and the occurrence of short plates in any process can limit the catalytic layer to exert the maximum effect.
The current preparation process of the fuel cell catalyst layer has obvious technical bottlenecks, so that the performance of the catalyst layer cannot be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a fuel cell catalyst layer and a preparation method thereof, which improve the uniformity and the dispersibility of catalyst slurry, improve the coating property with catalyst particles and improve the utilization rate of the catalyst.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a first object of the present invention is a method for preparing a catalytic layer for a fuel cell, comprising the steps of:
s1: adding deionized water and alcohol into the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution for dilution, and stirring and dispersing to obtain a diluted ionomer solution;
s2: adding the diluted ionomer solution obtained in the step S1 into a platinum-carbon catalyst, performing ultrasonic dispersion, sequentially adding alcohol and deionized water, and performing shear dispersion by using a high-speed shear dispersion machine to obtain catalyst slurry;
s3: adsorbing the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane on an adsorption table, uniformly coating the catalyst slurry obtained in the step S2 on the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane through an ultrasonic spraying machine, turning over the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane after spraying on one surface, and spraying on the other surface.
Further, the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution in S1 is a perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin water and/or alcohol solution with the weight percent of 5-20%.
Further, when deionized water and alcohol are added into S1 for dilution, the mass ratio of the deionized water to the alcohol is 4-9: 1-6, and the mass fraction of the diluted perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution is 0.56-2.24 wt%.
Further, the platinum carbon catalyst in S2 is a platinum carbon catalyst with a Pt loading of 50-55 wt%.
Further, the mass ratio of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin in the ionomer solution diluted in S2 to carbon in the platinum-carbon catalyst is 0.4 to 1.2: 1.
Further, the rotation speed of stirring and dispersing in S1 is 100-1000 r/min, the temperature during stirring and dispersing is 40-80 ℃, and the time for stirring and dispersing is 10-60 min.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic dispersion time in S2 is 5-30 min, the shear dispersion time by using a high-speed shear dispersion machine is 20-90 min, and the rotation speed of the shear dispersion is set at 3000-20000 r/min.
Further, the alcohol used in S1 and S2 is one of isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, and n-propyl alcohol, and is preferably isopropyl alcohol.
Further, the Pt loading capacity of the cathode and the anode of the perfluorinated sulfonic acid membrane is controlled to be 0.1mg/cm 2 ~0.5mg/cm 2
The pressure of an adsorption platform in S3 is controlled to be 0.1-1MPa, the heating temperature is set to be 60-90 ℃, the slurry after ultrasonic atomization is sprayed on a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane through an induced air flow, the pressure of the induced air flow is set to be 0.01-0.2 MPa, the height of a nozzle is set to be 30-80 mm, and the feeding rate of the catalyst slurry is set to be 65-500 muL/min.
The second purpose of the invention is to protect the fuel cell catalyst layer obtained by the preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical advantages:
1. the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution used in the prior art is not diluted, and the resin solution is diluted in the method, so that the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution is dispersed more uniformly, the coating property of the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution with catalyst particles is improved, and the utilization rate of the catalyst is improved.
2. The preparation sequence of the slurry has great influence on the states of various mixtures in the slurry, and further influences the structure of a catalytic layer after spraying and the performance of a battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of spraying during the preparation of a catalyst layer for a fuel cell according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a morphology chart of the catalytic layer prepared in the present technical solution
Fig. 3 to 8 are graphs showing the V-I tendencies in examples and comparative examples, respectively.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Example 1
In all the embodiments of the invention, 50-55 wt% of the platinum-carbon catalyst is a product of Guifufeng company, a product of Gole or Kemu company is used as the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane, and deionized water with the conductivity of less than 6 mu S/cm is used.
The preparation method of the fuel cell catalyst layer in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1: adding deionized water and isopropanol into the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution for dilution, stirring and dispersing to obtain a diluted ionomer solution, wherein the mass ratio of the deionized water to the alcohol is 5:4, the mass fraction of the diluted perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution is 0.56 wt%, and the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution is 5 wt% of perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin water and/or alcohol solution. In the step, the rotating speed of stirring and dispersing is 500r/min, the temperature during stirring and dispersing is 60 ℃, and the time of stirring and dispersing is 30 min.
S2: adding the diluted ionomer solution into a platinum-carbon catalyst, performing ultrasonic dispersion, sequentially adding deionized water and isopropanol to dilute, wherein the mass ratio of perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin in the diluted ionomer solution to carbon in the platinum-carbon catalyst is 0.8:1, performing shear dispersion by using a high-speed shear dispersion machine to obtain catalyst slurry, wherein the platinum-carbon catalyst is a platinum-carbon catalyst with a Pt loading of 52 wt%, the ultrasonic dispersion time in the step is 5min, the shear dispersion time by using the high-speed shear dispersion machine is 20-90 min, and the rotation speed of the shear dispersion is set at 3000-20000 r/min.
S3: referring to the spraying schematic diagram in fig. 1, a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane is adsorbed on an adsorption table, and the catalyst slurry obtained in S2 is uniformly coated on the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane by an ultrasonic sprayer, one side of which isAfter spraying, the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane was inverted and the other side of the spray was sprayed, and the morphology of the catalyst layer was obtained as shown in fig. 2. . In the embodiment, the Pt loading capacity of the cathode and the anode of the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane is controlled to be 0.2mg/cm 2 . The pressure of the adsorption platform is controlled to be 0.6MPa, the heating temperature is set to be 70 ℃, the slurry after ultrasonic atomization is sprayed on the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane through induced airflow, the pressure of the induced airflow is set to be 0.01MPa, the height of a nozzle is set to be 60mm, and the feeding rate of the catalyst slurry is set to be 65-500 muL/min.
The alcohol used in the present embodiment is one of isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and n-propyl alcohol, and can achieve a better catalytic performance, and isopropyl alcohol is preferable in specific implementation.
In the testing process, according to the use of specific marks (selecting conventional metering ratio, humidification, temperature and air pressure), it is required to say that the trends of V-I graphs under a plurality of marks are the same, so that the V-I trend graph is obtained by testing only one mark in the invention (V, I units of each graph do not need to be reflected because the trend graph is used for displaying), and the comparison with a comparison group in the graphs 6-8 shows that the prepared catalyst layer structure can show the excellent performance compared with a comparison group in high current density.
The test results of the membrane electrode finally prepared in this example are shown in fig. 3.
Example 2
The preparation method of the fuel cell catalyst layer in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1: adding deionized water and isopropanol into the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution for dilution, stirring and dispersing to obtain a diluted ionomer solution, wherein the mass ratio of the deionized water to the alcohol is 4:1, the mass fraction of the diluted perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution is 0.56 wt%, and the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution is 5 wt% of perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin water and/or alcohol solution. In the step, the rotating speed of stirring and dispersing is 100/min, the temperature during stirring and dispersing is 40 ℃, and the time of stirring and dispersing is 10 min.
S2: adding the diluted ionomer solution into a platinum-carbon catalyst, performing ultrasonic dispersion, then sequentially adding deionized water and isopropanol to dilute, wherein the mass ratio of perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin in the diluted ionomer solution to carbon in the platinum-carbon catalyst is 0.4, performing shear dispersion by using a high-speed shear dispersion machine to obtain catalyst slurry, the platinum-carbon catalyst is a platinum-carbon catalyst with a Pt loading of 50 wt%, the ultrasonic dispersion time in the step is 5min, the shear dispersion time by using the high-speed shear dispersion machine is 20min, and the shear dispersion rotating speed is set at 3000 r/min.
S3: adsorbing the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane on an adsorption table, uniformly coating the catalyst slurry obtained in the step S2 on the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane through an ultrasonic spraying machine, turning over the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane after spraying on one surface, and spraying on the other surface. In the embodiment, the Pt loading capacity of the cathode and the anode of the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane is controlled to be 0.1mg/cm 2 . The pressure of the adsorption platform is controlled at 0.1MPa, the heating temperature is set at 60 ℃, the slurry after ultrasonic atomization is sprayed on the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane through induced airflow, the pressure of the induced airflow is set at 0.01MPa, the height of a nozzle is set at 30mm, and the feeding rate of the catalyst slurry is set between 65 mu L/min and 500 mu L/min.
The test results of the membrane electrode finally prepared in this example are shown in fig. 4.
Example 3
The preparation method of the fuel cell catalyst layer in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1: adding deionized water and isopropanol into the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution for dilution, stirring and dispersing to obtain a diluted ionomer solution, wherein the mass ratio of the deionized water to the alcohol is 9:6, the mass fraction of the diluted perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution is 2.24 wt%, and the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution is 20 wt% of perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin water and/or alcohol solution. In the step, the rotating speed of stirring and dispersing is 1000r/min, the temperature during stirring and dispersing is 80 ℃, and the time of stirring and dispersing is 60 min.
S2: adding the diluted ionomer solution into a platinum-carbon catalyst, performing ultrasonic dispersion, sequentially adding deionized water and isopropanol to dilute, wherein the mass ratio of perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin in the diluted ionomer solution to carbon in the platinum-carbon catalyst is 1.2:1, performing shear dispersion by using a high-speed shear dispersion machine to obtain catalyst slurry, wherein the platinum-carbon catalyst is a platinum-carbon catalyst with 55 wt% of Pt loading, the ultrasonic dispersion time in the step is 30min, the shear dispersion time by using the high-speed shear dispersion machine is 90min, and the rotation speed of the shear dispersion is 20000 r/min.
S3: adsorbing the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane on an adsorption table, uniformly coating the catalyst slurry obtained in the step S2 on the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane through an ultrasonic spraying machine, turning over the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane after spraying on one surface, and spraying on the other surface. In the embodiment, the Pt loading capacity of the cathode and the anode of the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane is controlled to be 0.5mg/cm 2 . The pressure of the adsorption platform is controlled at 1MPa, the heating temperature is set at 90 ℃, the slurry after ultrasonic atomization is sprayed on a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane through induced air flow, the pressure of the induced air flow is set at 0.2MPa, the height of a nozzle is set at 80mm, and the feeding rate of the catalyst slurry is set between 65 mu L/min and 500 mu L/min.
The test results of the membrane electrode finally prepared in this example are shown in fig. 5.
Comparative example 1
In contrast to example 1, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution used in this comparative example was not diluted and was directly added to a platinum-carbon catalyst for ultrasonic dispersion.
Therefore, the resin solution is diluted, so that the perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution can be dispersed more uniformly, the coating property of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution with catalyst particles is improved, and the utilization rate of the catalyst is improved. The results of the membrane electrode test finally prepared in this comparative example are shown in fig. 6.
Comparative example 2
The difference is from example 1, which uses a solvent addition sequence of first adding water and then alcohol.
Therefore, in the embodiment, the order of adding the solvent by adding the alcohol and then adding the water is adopted, so that the uniformity and the dispersibility of the catalyst slurry are improved. Wherein the control group comprises the steps of adding water and then adding alcohol. The results of the membrane electrode test finally prepared in this comparative example are shown in fig. 7.
Comparative example 3
The difference is from example 1, this comparative example uses a shear-first followed by ultrasonic dispersion process.
The test results of the membrane electrode finally prepared in this comparative example are shown in fig. 8.
Therefore, in the embodiment, the dispersing process of firstly performing ultrasonic dispersion and then shearing is adopted, so that the uniformity and the dispersibility of the catalyst slurry are improved.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a fuel cell catalyst layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: adding deionized water and alcohol into a perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution for dilution, and stirring and dispersing to obtain a diluted ionomer solution;
s2: adding the diluted ionomer solution obtained in the step S1 into a platinum-carbon catalyst, performing ultrasonic dispersion, sequentially adding alcohol and deionized water, and performing shear dispersion by using a high-speed shear dispersion machine to obtain catalyst slurry;
s3: adsorbing the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane on an adsorption table, uniformly coating the catalyst slurry obtained in the step S2 on the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane through an ultrasonic spraying machine, turning over the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane after one side is sprayed, and spraying the other side.
2. The method for preparing the fuel cell catalyst layer according to claim 1, wherein the perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution in S1 is a perfluorosulfonic acid resin water and/or alcohol solution of 5 wt% to 20 wt%.
3. The preparation method of the fuel cell catalyst layer according to claim 1, wherein when the S1 is diluted by adding deionized water and alcohol, the mass ratio of the deionized water to the alcohol is 4-9: 1-6, and the mass fraction of the diluted perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution is 0.56 wt% -2.24 wt%.
4. The method for preparing the catalyst layer of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the platinum-carbon catalyst in S2 is a platinum-carbon catalyst with a Pt loading of 50-55 wt%.
5. The method for preparing the catalyst layer of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin in the ionomer solution diluted in the S2 to carbon in the platinum-carbon catalyst is 0.4 to 1.2: 1.
6. The preparation method of the fuel cell catalyst layer according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of stirring dispersion in S1 is 100-1000 r/min, the temperature during stirring dispersion is 40-80 ℃, and the time of stirring dispersion is 10-60 min.
7. The method for preparing the fuel cell catalyst layer according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic dispersion time in the step S2 is 5-30 min, the shear dispersion time using a high-speed shear dispersion machine is 20-90 min, and the rotation speed of the shear dispersion is set to 3000-20000 r/min.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the alcohol used in S1 and S2 is one of isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, and n-propyl alcohol.
9. The method for preparing the catalyst layer of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the Pt loading of the cathode and the anode of the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane is controlled to be 0.1mg/cm 2 ~0.5mg/cm 2
The pressure of an adsorption platform in S3 is controlled to be 0.1-1MPa, the heating temperature is set to be 60-90 ℃, the slurry after ultrasonic atomization is sprayed on a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane through an induced air flow, the pressure of the induced air flow is set to be 0.01-0.2 MPa, the height of a nozzle is set to be 30-80 mm, and the feeding rate of the catalyst slurry is set to be 65-500 muL/min.
10. A fuel cell catalyst layer obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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