CN115050529B - Novel water resistance of high security - Google Patents
Novel water resistance of high security Download PDFInfo
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- CN115050529B CN115050529B CN202210971261.2A CN202210971261A CN115050529B CN 115050529 B CN115050529 B CN 115050529B CN 202210971261 A CN202210971261 A CN 202210971261A CN 115050529 B CN115050529 B CN 115050529B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C10/00—Adjustable resistors
- H01C10/02—Liquid resistors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/20—Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
- G01R1/203—Resistors used for electric measuring, e.g. decade resistors standards, resistors for comparators, series resistors, shunts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C1/00—Details
- H01C1/02—Housing; Enclosing; Embedding; Filling the housing or enclosure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C1/00—Details
- H01C1/02—Housing; Enclosing; Embedding; Filling the housing or enclosure
- H01C1/024—Housing; Enclosing; Embedding; Filling the housing or enclosure the housing or enclosure being hermetically sealed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C1/00—Details
- H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel high-safety water resistor which comprises an insulating cylinder, an end cover, an aqueous solution, an electrode and a film clamping component arranged between a low-voltage electrode in an insulating cavity and the end cover, wherein a reverse osmosis membrane is installed in the film clamping component and can discharge bubbles in a resistor cavity on one side of the reverse osmosis membrane into a storage cavity on the other side of the reverse osmosis membrane and supplement water in the storage cavity into the resistor cavity. The invention solves the safety problem of the existing water resistance caused by bubble breakdown or water-shortage breakdown, improves the safety of the water resistance, prolongs the service life of the water resistance, reduces the maintenance period and provides feasibility for further expanding the application range of the water resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high voltage test technology and pulse power, and particularly relates to a novel water resistor with high safety.
Background
The water resistor is a resistor device widely used in high voltage test devices and pulse power devices, and is typically composed of two electrodes spaced apart from each other by a certain distance, an aqueous electrolyte solution filled between the electrodes, and an insulating cylinder accommodating the electrodes and the aqueous solution.
The existing water resistance for high voltage tests or pulse power technology generally has the following defects: (1) When the contact area of the electrode and a water body in the water resistor is lower than a certain critical value, high voltage is loaded between the two electrodes of the water resistor, the water body temperature of the contact area of the electrode and the water body is inevitably caused to rapidly rise and water is vaporized, further, the pressure in an insulating cylinder of the water resistor is rapidly increased, and when the pressure exceeds the pressure resistance strength of the insulating cylinder or the structure of the electrode fixing end, the insulating cylinder is cracked and damaged to cause safety accidents; (2) When the length of the bubble exceeds a certain critical value, the gas in the bubble is ionized under the action of an electric field to generate plasma, a through discharge channel is formed between the two electrodes of the water resistor, a water body in contact with the discharge plasma and the electrodes is rapidly vaporized, and the insulating cylinder is also burst and damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a novel water resistor with high safety, and the water resistor is provided with a reverse osmosis membrane in an inner cavity thereof, so that bubbles generated in the cavity can be removed in time and the water resistor is full of water solution.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a high safety novel water resistor, said water resistor comprising: the water resistor also comprises a film clamping component;
the insulating cylinder is a hollow cylindrical structure with openings at two ends;
the end covers are respectively connected to two ends of the insulating cylinder in a sealing manner;
the water solution is positioned in the inner cavity of the insulating cylinder body;
the electrodes comprise a high-voltage electrode and a low-voltage electrode, the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode are respectively fixed on end covers at two ends, one ends of the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode are immersed in the aqueous solution in the insulating cylinder, and the other ends of the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode respectively penetrate through the end covers to form external electrodes outside the end covers;
the film clamping assembly is positioned in the insulating cylinder, is connected to the low-voltage electrode and is positioned between the low-voltage electrode and the corresponding end cover.
Preferably, the high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode each comprise a leading-out rod, an electrode head and a fastening component; the leading-out rods respectively penetrate through the corresponding end covers and are fixed on the end covers through fastening parts; one end of the leading-out rod positioned in the insulating cylinder body is connected with the electrode tip, and an external electrode is formed outside the end cover after penetrating through the other end of the end cover; the electrode head is immersed in an aqueous solution.
Preferably, the inner volume of a cylinder body enclosed between the electrode head of the low-voltage electrode and the end cover corresponding to the electrode head is 3~4 times of leakage amount in one maintenance period of water resistance, the maintenance period does not exceed 6 months, the water resistance is well sealed, and the volume can be 1/10-1/20 of the total inner volume of the insulating cylinder body.
Preferably, the membrane clamping assembly comprises a clamping plate, a reverse osmosis membrane, a fastening pressing plate and a sealing ring;
the clamping plates comprise a clamping plate I and a clamping plate II, a plurality of through holes are formed in the edges of the clamping plate I and the clamping plate II, the size of each through hole in the clamping plate I is smaller than or equal to that of each through hole in the clamping plate II, the surfaces of the clamping plate I and the clamping plate II are smooth and smooth, radial seepage or air leakage is avoided after a reverse osmosis membrane is clamped between the clamping plate I and the clamping plate II, and the strength of the clamping plate I and the clamping plate II ensures that the clamping plate I and the clamping plate II do not deform when pressure difference exists between the two sides of the clamping plate; the clamp I is positioned on one side close to the electrode tip of the low-voltage electrode, the clamp II is positioned on one side close to the end cover, and a sealing ring is arranged between the clamp II and the inner wall of the insulating cylinder;
the reverse osmosis membrane is positioned between the two clamping plates;
the fastening pressing plates are respectively positioned on the outer sides of the two clamping plates, the clamping plates and the reverse osmosis membrane are fixed on a leading-out rod of the low-voltage electrode through the fastening pressing plates, and the clamping plates I and the clamping plates II are fastened to clamp the reverse osmosis membrane through screwing the fastening pressing plates.
Preferably, the end cover positioned on one side of the low-voltage electrode is provided with a safety valve with an isolating membrane.
Preferably, the electrode and the end cover are made of pure copper or copper alloy, and the aqueous solution is copper sulfate or sodium chloride electrolyte aqueous solution.
Preferably, the electrode and the end cap are made of pure aluminum or duralumin, and the aqueous solution is a sodium thiosulfate electrolyte aqueous solution.
Preferably, the electrode head is disc-shaped, spherical or cylindrical.
Preferably, the clamping plate and the fastening pressing plate are made of insulating materials or materials identical to the electrode materials, and the materials of the clamping plate and the fastening pressing plate are selected to ensure that the clamping plate and the fastening pressing plate do not dissolve, displace or electrolyze with the selected aqueous solution.
Preferably, the insulating cylinder is made of any one of organic glass, polyethylene and nylon.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the novel water resistor with high safety comprises a film clamping assembly, wherein a reverse osmosis film in the film clamping assembly can timely remove bubbles generated in the water resistor, ensures the fullness of a water solution between two electrode tips, solves the safety problem of the existing water resistor caused by bubble breakdown or water shortage breakdown, improves the safety and the service life of the water resistor, reduces the maintenance period, and provides feasibility for further expanding the application range of the water resistor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel water resistor with high safety in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a splint I according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a splint II according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the cylinder body 2, the end cover 3, the low-voltage electrode 4, the high-voltage electrode 31, the leading-out rod 32, the electrode head 33, the fastening component 51, the clamping plate I52, the reverse osmosis membrane 53, the clamping plate II 54 and the fastening pressing plate.
Detailed Description
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
A high-safety novel water resistor, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the water resistor comprises an insulating cylinder 1, an end cover 2, an aqueous solution and an electrode, and further comprises a film clamping component; wherein:
the insulating cylinder 1 is a hollow cylindrical structure with two open ends, needs to be made of insulating materials, and is preferably made of any one of organic glass, polyethylene or nylon; the end covers 2 are respectively connected with two ends of the insulating cylinder body 1 in a sealing mode, and a water resistor inner cavity is formed by the end covers and the insulating cylinder body 1.
The water solution in the water resistance cavity is a salt compound water solution; in general, the aqueous solution is required to have no chemical reaction with the materials of the electrode and the end cap thereof, and no serious electrolytic reaction occurs under the condition of electrifying, so if the materials of the high-voltage electrode 4, the low-voltage electrode 3 and the end cap 2 thereof are pure copper or copper alloy, copper sulfate is selected as the aqueous solution of salt compound to adjust the resistivity; if the materials of the high-voltage electrode 4, the low-voltage electrode 3 and the end cover 2 are aluminum or aluminum alloy, selecting sodium thiosulfate as a salt compound aqueous solution to adjust the resistivity; when the required resistance value is low due to a short lifetime of the resistor, and when the resistance value cannot be obtained by using the aqueous solution of the compound, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride may be used as the resistor.
The electrodes comprise a low-voltage electrode 3 and a high-voltage electrode 4, the low-voltage electrode 3 and the high-voltage electrode 4 respectively comprise a leading-out rod 31, an electrode head 32 and a fastening part 33, and the low-voltage electrode 3 and the high-voltage electrode 4 are respectively fixed on the end covers 2 at two ends in a sealing way through the leading-out rods 31 and the fastening parts 33; one ends of leading-out rods 31 of the low-voltage electrode 3 and the high-voltage electrode 4 respectively penetrate through the end cover 2 and are positioned in the insulating cylinder 1, and the other ends respectively penetrate through the end cover 2 to form external electrodes outside the end cover 2; an electrode head 32 is attached to the end of the extraction rod 31 inside the insulation cylinder 1 and is immersed in the aqueous solution.
The area of the end faces of the electrode tips of the low-voltage electrode 3 and the electrode tips 32 of the high-voltage electrode 4, the distance between the two and the resistivity of the aqueous solution between the two determine the resistance of the water resistance, and the parameters can be adjusted according to actual conditions in actual use.
The electrode tips 32 of the low voltage electrode 3 and the high voltage electrode 4 may be designed according to the resistance of water resistance and other requirements of users, and are preferably in various shapes such as a disc shape, a spherical shape or a cylindrical shape, and generally have no sharp point or sharp edge to avoid the problem of insulation breakdown caused by over-high local electric field strength, so that the discoid and disc-shaped electrode tips are preferably selected.
The electrode tip 32 of the low-voltage electrode 3 is matched with the corresponding end cap 2 to form a good shielding effect, and the electric field intensity of a region between the electrode tip 32 and the corresponding end cap 2 on one side of the low-voltage electrode 3 is reduced, so that the breakdown risk caused by electric field distortion due to the fact that parts possibly have sharp edges, the curvature radius of the end tip is smaller, the dielectric constant difference of the electrode tip is large and the like in the region is reduced.
The film clamping assembly comprises a clamping plate, a reverse osmosis membrane 52, a fastening pressing plate 54 and a sealing ring; the clamping plate comprises a clamping plate I51 and a clamping plate II 53, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, through holes are formed in the edges of the clamping plate I51 and the clamping plate II 53, and the size of the through hole in the clamping plate II 53 is generally smaller than or equal to that of the through hole in the clamping plate I51; the clamp plate I51 is positioned at one side close to the electrode head 32 of the low-voltage electrode 3, the clamp plate II 53 is positioned at one side close to the end cover 2, and a sealing ring is arranged between the clamp plate II 53 and the inner wall of the insulating cylinder 1; the reverse osmosis membrane 52 is positioned between the two clamping plates; the fastening pressing plates are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the two clamping plates and tightly press and fix the two clamping plates and the reverse osmosis membrane 52 positioned between the two clamping plates on the leading-out rod 31 of the low-voltage electrode 3.
The surfaces of the clamping plate I51 and the clamping plate II 53 are smooth and flat, so that radial seepage or air leakage is avoided after a reverse osmosis membrane is clamped between the clamping plate I51 and the clamping plate II 53; the strength of the splint I51 and the splint II 53 should be such that the splint I51 and the splint II 53 do not deform when a pressure difference exists between the two sides of the splint.
A certain space needs to be reserved between the electrode tip 32 of the low-voltage electrode 3 and the corresponding end cover 2 to ensure that the film-sandwiched component can play a role in water resistance, the volume in the cylinder enclosed between the electrode tip 32 of the low-voltage electrode 3 and the corresponding end cover 2 is determined according to the maintenance period and the water resistance leakage rate, the leakage amount in one maintenance period is generally 3~4 times, and for the water resistance with the maintenance period not exceeding 6 months and good sealing, the volume can be 1/10 to 1/20 of the total volume in the insulating cylinder. Both the clamping plate and the fastening pressure plate can be made of insulating materials or metal materials, and if the clamping plate and the fastening pressure plate are made of metal materials, the clamping plate and the fastening pressure plate are preferably made of the same materials as the electrodes.
In the water resistor, due to the existence of the film clamping component, the inner volume of the insulating cylinder 1 is divided into two parts, the part between the film clamping component and the high-voltage electrode 4 is named as a resistor cavity, and the part between the film clamping component and the end cover 2 at one side of the low-voltage electrode 3 is named as a storage cavity. Gas generated by the precipitation or electrolysis of the aqueous solution in the resistance cavity can enter the reserve cavity through the reverse osmosis membrane 52 to be stored, and the reserve cavity is positioned in a shielding region formed by the end cover 2 at one side of the low-voltage electrode 3 and the electrode head 32, so that the breakdown risk is avoided; in the working process of the water resistor, the temperature of the water solution rises, so that the temperature of gas in the storage cavity rises, the pressure is increased, the pressure of the water solution in the storage cavity rises, and because the reverse osmosis membrane exists between the storage cavity and the resistance cavity, water molecules in the storage cavity are discharged into the resistance cavity, so that the resistance cavity can be always in a state of water solution filling, and meanwhile, the salinity concentration of the solution in the resistance cavity is kept unchanged.
Therefore, in the invention, due to the existence of the film clamping assembly, gas in the resistance cavity can be discharged in time, only aqueous solution exists in the space with higher electric field intensity between the electrode tips of the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode, and the water resistance cannot be subjected to insulation damage such as breakdown and the like in a water body and on the inner side and the outer side of the insulating cylinder.
Meanwhile, the end cover 2 at one side of the low-voltage electrode 3 can be provided with a safety valve with an isolation film, when the air pressure in the water resistor exceeds the designed discharge pressure, the safety valve discharges redundant gas to ensure that the pressure in the water resistor insulating cylinder is kept within the designed safety threshold, and when the water level in the storage cavity is reduced below a safety line, water is timely supplemented to realize the long-term safe use of the water resistor.
In the present invention, it is recommended that the low-voltage electrode 3 be used as a cathode of a water resistor and the high-voltage electrode 4 be used as an anode of the water resistor, in order to reduce the deposition of metal particles on the reverse osmosis membrane due to the electrolytic effect during the energization of the water resistor, because the deposited metal particles cause the clogging of the micropores of the reverse osmosis membrane, thereby reducing the efficiency thereof.
In conclusion, the novel high-safety water resistor design solves the problems of bubble breakdown or breakdown caused by water shortage and the like of the existing water resistor, improves the safety and the service life of the water resistor, reduces the maintenance period and provides feasibility for further expanding the application range of the water resistor.
Claims (9)
1. A novel water resistance of high security, its characterized in that, water resistance includes: the water resistor further comprises a film clamping component;
the insulating cylinder is a hollow cylindrical structure with openings at two ends;
the end covers are respectively connected to two ends of the insulating cylinder in a sealing manner;
the water solution is positioned in the inner cavity of the insulating cylinder body;
the electrodes comprise a high-voltage electrode and a low-voltage electrode, the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode are respectively fixed on the end covers at the two ends, one ends of the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode are immersed in the aqueous solution in the insulating cylinder, and the other ends of the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode respectively penetrate through the end covers to form external electrodes outside the end covers;
the film clamping assembly is positioned in the insulating cylinder, connected to the low-voltage electrode and positioned between the low-voltage electrode and the corresponding end cover;
the membrane clamping assembly comprises a clamping plate, a reverse osmosis membrane, a fastening pressing plate and a sealing ring;
the clamping plates comprise a clamping plate I and a clamping plate II, a plurality of through holes are formed in the edges of the clamping plate I and the clamping plate II, the size of each through hole in the clamping plate II is smaller than or equal to that of each through hole in the clamping plate I, the surfaces of the clamping plate I and the clamping plate II are smooth and smooth, radial seepage or air leakage is avoided after a reverse osmosis membrane is clamped between the clamping plate I and the clamping plate II, and the strength of the clamping plate I and the clamping plate II ensures that the clamping plate I and the clamping plate II do not deform when pressure difference exists between the two sides of the clamping plate; the clamp plate I is positioned on one side close to the electrode tip of the low-voltage electrode, the clamp plate II is positioned on one side close to the end cover, and a sealing ring is arranged between the clamp plate II and the inner wall of the insulating cylinder;
the reverse osmosis membrane is positioned between the two clamping plates;
the fastening pressing plates are respectively positioned on the outer sides of the two clamping plates, the clamping plates and the reverse osmosis membrane are fixed on a leading-out rod of the low-voltage electrode through the fastening pressing plates, and the clamping plates I and the clamping plates II are fastened to clamp the reverse osmosis membrane through screwing the fastening pressing plates.
2. The high-safety novel water resistor as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode comprises an extraction rod, an electrode tip, and a fastening member; the leading-out rods respectively penetrate through the corresponding end covers and are fixed on the end covers through fastening parts; the electrode head is connected to the end part of the leading-out rod positioned in the insulating cylinder and is immersed in the electrolyte aqueous solution; the other end of the leading-out rod penetrates through the end cover to form an external electrode outside the end cover.
3. The high-safety novel water resistor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the volume inside the cylinder enclosed between the electrode head of the low-voltage electrode and the end cap corresponding to the electrode head is 3~4 times of the leakage amount in one maintenance period of the water resistor.
4. The high-safety novel water resistor as claimed in claim 1, wherein a safety valve with an isolating membrane is mounted on the end cover on one side of the low-voltage electrode.
5. The high-safety novel water resistor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the electrode and the end cap is pure copper or copper alloy, and the aqueous solution is copper sulfate or sodium chloride electrolyte aqueous solution.
6. The high-safety novel water resistor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the electrodes and the end caps is pure aluminum or duralumin, and the aqueous solution is sodium thiosulfate electrolyte aqueous solution.
7. The high-safety novel water resistor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrode tip has a disk shape, a spherical shape or a cylindrical shape.
8. The high-safety novel water resistor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clamping plates and the fastening pressure plates are made of insulating materials or materials identical to electrode materials, and the materials of the clamping plates and the fastening pressure plates are selected to ensure that the clamping plates and the fastening pressure plates do not dissolve, displace or electrolyze with the selected aqueous solution.
9. The high-safety novel water resistor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insulating cylinder is made of any one of organic glass, polyethylene and nylon.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210971261.2A CN115050529B (en) | 2022-08-15 | 2022-08-15 | Novel water resistance of high security |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210971261.2A CN115050529B (en) | 2022-08-15 | 2022-08-15 | Novel water resistance of high security |
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| CN115050529B true CN115050529B (en) | 2022-10-21 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110211756A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-09-06 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | A kind of air storing type water resistance used under vertical state |
| CN114373590A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-04-19 | 桂林长海发展有限责任公司 | High-pressure water resistor for compact Marx generator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE2327918A1 (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1975-01-02 | Kalle Ag | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A MOLDED BODY COMPOSED OF THREE LAYERS FOR CONDUCTING ELECTRICAL CURRENT |
| JPS637900A (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1988-01-13 | Ebara Infilco Co Ltd | Treatment of sewage of excretion system |
| JP4073988B2 (en) * | 1997-11-19 | 2008-04-09 | 東海高熱工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of ceramic resistor |
| EP2142758A1 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2010-01-13 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Parallel heater system for subsurface formations |
| CN102187054B (en) * | 2008-10-13 | 2014-08-27 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Circulated heated transfer fluid heating of subsurface hydrocarbon formations |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110211756A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-09-06 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | A kind of air storing type water resistance used under vertical state |
| CN114373590A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-04-19 | 桂林长海发展有限责任公司 | High-pressure water resistor for compact Marx generator |
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