CN115045791A - Power generation method driven by recovered energy of nuclear power cooling circulating water system - Google Patents
Power generation method driven by recovered energy of nuclear power cooling circulating water system Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 6
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
- G21D1/02—Arrangements of auxiliary equipment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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- F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
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Abstract
The invention provides a power generation method driven by recovered energy of a nuclear power cooling circulating water system, which comprises the following steps of: step S1: blocking the outflow direction of the original seawater, and discharging the water from the two sides of the CC falling well instead of the water flow direction; step S2: installing a water-turbine generator set in the water flow discharging direction, and pushing the water-turbine generator set to generate power by using water flow; step S3: and (4) connecting the electric energy generated by the hydraulic turbine set into a power station. The power generation method provided by the invention effectively utilizes the discharged cooling circulating seawater to realize sustainable recycling under the condition of not influencing the normal operation and cooling of the nuclear power plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydroelectric power generation, in particular to a power generation method driven by energy recovered by a nuclear power cooling circulating water system.
Background
Taking the second power plant in Qinshan mountain as an example, after the nuclear power cooling circulating water systems (composed of a circulating water system and a water system for safety plants) of 1, 2, 3 and 4# units respectively complete the cold and heat exchange of a condenser, an auxiliary cooling water system and an equipment cooling water system (RRI), the heat load of the equipment is conveyed and taken away and finally converged to a CC falling well and is discharged to a sea mouth. For a long time, this large amount of water has not been fully utilized.
The circulating water pumps of the second Qinshan nuclear power station extract a large amount of electric energy consumed by seawater (8 units 2426kW is 19408kW), and the single unit of the SEC system runs 2 units (4 units 2 units 460kW is 3680kW), so that the cost is huge in the whole life cycle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a power generation method driven by the recovered energy of a nuclear power cooling circulating water system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a power generation method driven by the energy recovered by a nuclear power cooling circulating water system comprises the following steps:
step S1: blocking the outflow direction of the original seawater, and discharging the water from the two sides of the CC falling well instead of the water flow direction;
step S2: installing a water-turbine generator set in the water flow discharging direction, and pushing the water-turbine generator set to generate power by using water flow;
step S3: and (4) connecting the electric energy generated by the hydraulic turbine set into a power station.
The step S1 specifically includes: and (3) opening the wall at two sides of the CC drop well reservoir, isolating the water flow of the original drop well by a sealing blocking chamber, and extending the openings at two sides outwards to carry out negative excavation to form two drainage paths.
Further, the water turbine generator set, an auxiliary system and auxiliary equipment thereof are arranged at the bottom of the negative excavation foundation in position.
Further, the auxiliary system comprises a power distribution system, a protection control system and an alarm monitoring system, and the auxiliary equipment comprises a generator outlet circuit breaker, a synchronizing device, a power distribution cabinet, a coupling transformer, a relay protection device and a fault recorder.
And furthermore, gates are additionally arranged at wall openings on two sides of the water storage tank of the CC drop well and used for cutting off water flow during subsequent maintenance of the hydroelectric generating set.
Furthermore, an adjustable auxiliary maintenance gate is additionally arranged at the position of the pipeline in the original seawater outflow direction and used for assisting follow-up maintenance work of the hydroelectric generating sets on the two sides.
When the hydroelectric generating set is overhauled, the gates on two sides of the reservoir of the CC falling well are closed, and then the adjustable auxiliary maintenance gate is opened, so that the discharge of cooling circulating water is not influenced during the overhauling work of the hydroelectric generating set.
Further, a traveling crane system is installed at the top of each hydraulic turbine unit, so that overhaul and maintenance work during unit shutdown can be facilitated.
Furthermore, a step is additionally arranged at the bottom of the water drainage channel of the water turbine generator set.
Compared with the prior art, the power generation method driven by the recovered energy of the nuclear power cooling circulating water system has the following beneficial effects:
the invention effectively utilizes the discharged cooling circulating seawater to carry out sustainable recycling under the condition of not influencing the normal operation and cooling of the nuclear power plant, carries out hydroelectric power generation, enables the output electric energy to be connected to a public section bus of a plant area in a grid-connected mode, and utilizes the renewable energy source reliably.
The invention fully embodies the obvious advantages of generating power by utilizing renewable clean water resources.
The invention can be suitable for most nuclear power plants, is particularly suitable for the subsequent new construction of nuclear power units, can be arranged, designed and installed in advance in the capital construction link, provides a safer and more convenient interface for the access of a cooling water discharge system, and realizes the full resource reutilization on the basis of not influencing the safe and stable power generation operation of the nuclear power plants.
The invention can create huge economic benefit for nuclear power plant by utilizing the recovered water resource, and the economic analysis is as follows: taking the unit overhaul condition from 2022 to 2024 in the second Qinshan factory as an example, the total power generation income of the water turbine generator set with rated machine capacity for three continuous years obtained by measurement and calculation is about 4600 ten thousand yuan, and compared with the coal-fired power generation, the method is equivalent to reducing 9.4 ten thousand tons of carbon dioxide emission; taking the case of building a new nuclear power unit (such as a 6 × 1000MWe unit built by jinqimen project planning), the total power generation yield of the hydroelectric generating set with the capacity of the fixed unit for 3 continuous years is about 1.4 million yuan, which is equivalent to reducing the carbon dioxide emission of 28.8 million tons compared with the coal-fired power generation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a water flow direction aerial view in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a water flow direction plane of a water turbine generator set provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic plane view of arrangement of a plurality of hydroelectric generating sets according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a side view of a drain bottom step according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is a more detailed description of the present invention by way of specific embodiments.
For the sake of understanding, a nuclear power cooling circulation water system, which is a cooling water system composed of a circulation water system (CRF) and a safety service water System (SEC), will be briefly described. After the CRF system and the SEC system respectively finish cold-heat exchange of a condenser, an auxiliary cooling water system and a primary loop device and cold-heat exchange of a device cooling water system (RRI), heat loads of conveyed and taken away devices are finally converged to a CC falling well and discharged to a sea mouth.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the invention provides a power generation method driven by energy recovered from a nuclear power cooling circulating water system, which is a water turbine generator set driven by water resources discharged to the sea after cold and heat exchange of a nuclear power unit CRF system (circulating water system) and an SEC system (safe service water system) to realize cost reduction in the whole life cycle of a circulating water pump and maximization of power plant electric quantity production. The invention mainly uses the new water drainage direction to install power generation equipment for generating power by blocking the flowing direction of the original seawater (the direction of a middle arrow shown in figures 1 and 2) and changing the water flow direction into the two-side discharge of the CC falling well (the direction of two-side arrows shown in figures 1 and 2). As shown in fig. 2, the original 1# unit, 2# unit, 3# unit, and 4# unit are discharged from the middle position after cooling seawater, and after the diversion direction is changed, the 1# unit and 2# unit are discharged in the right direction (shown by the arrow at the lower side of fig. 2), and the 3# unit and 4# unit are discharged in the left direction (shown by the arrow at the upper side of fig. 2).
The power generation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1: blocking the outflow direction of the original seawater, and discharging the water from the two sides of the CC falling well instead of the water flow direction;
step S2: installing a water-turbine generator set in the water flow discharging direction, and pushing the water-turbine generator set to generate power by using water flow;
step S3: and (4) connecting the electric energy generated by the hydraulic turbine set into a power station in a grid-connected mode.
Specifically, the traditional structure of the CC drop well is firstly modified. Firstly, in the civil construction stage, openings are formed in the walls of two sides of a reservoir of the CC drop well, original drop well water flow is isolated through a sealing blocking chamber 1 (shown in figure 2), the openings on the two sides extend outwards to carry out negative excavation according to the design to form two drainage paths, a hydroelectric generating set and auxiliary systems and equipment thereof are installed in place at the bottom of a negative excavation foundation, and finally the sealing blocking chamber is removed to realize the purpose of drainage, flushing and power generation. Secondly, gates are additionally arranged at wall openings on two sides of a reservoir of the CC drop well and used for cutting off water flow during subsequent maintenance of the hydroelectric generating set; on the basis of the original CC drop well design, an adjustable auxiliary maintenance gate is additionally arranged at the position of a pipeline in the original water flow direction and is used for assisting the follow-up maintenance work of the hydroelectric generating sets on the two sides; and a crane system is arranged at the top of each hydraulic turbine unit, so that the overhaul and maintenance work during the shutdown period of the units is facilitated. Thirdly, a step 2 (as shown in fig. 4) is added at the bottom of the water drainage channel of the water turbine generator set, so that the influence on the water turbine generator set caused by seawater tide and wave is prevented, and the specific influence is that the potential energy mutation caused by the water level change under the tidal condition is prevented, and the power generation efficiency of the water turbine generator is further reduced. The step 2 can play the cushioning effect, effectively reduces the morning and evening tides influence.
The auxiliary system comprises a power distribution system, a protection control system and an alarm monitoring system. The power distribution system realizes electric energy transmission and distribution; the protection control system realizes relay protection and system intelligent control; the alarm monitoring system monitors the state of the equipment on line and realizes unattended operation. The accessory equipment comprises a generator outlet circuit breaker, a synchronizer, a power cable, a power distribution cabinet (box), a coupling transformer, a step-up transformer, a relay protection device and a fault recorder. The generator outlet circuit breaker is used as a controllable disconnection point between the generator and the power grid, and is used for isolating the generator fault and the operation of grid-connected operation of the generator. The synchronizer is used for realizing synchronous grid connection. Power cables are used as special conductors for carrying and distributing high power electrical energy. The functions of the power distribution cabinet (box) include: 1) the electric energy is reasonably distributed, the circuit can be conveniently opened and closed, the safety protection level is higher, and the conduction state of the circuit can be visually displayed; 2) the power supply can be configured, when a line fails, the fault range can be controlled, fault points can be conveniently and rapidly found out and removed in time, and large-area power failure is not needed. The coupling transformer has the functions of isolation and impedance matching, so that better energy transmission between the front stage and the rear stage is achieved. Boosting and changing: 380VAC to the system required voltage. The relay protection device is used for fault removal. The fault recorder is used for fault event recording and analysis.
And after the traditional structural transformation of the CC falling well is completed, an embedded water-turbine generator set is installed for power generation. Specifically, a water turbine set is embedded and mounted on each of the two drainage paths (each side of the water turbine set is uniformly arranged), and the water flow is used for pushing the water turbine set to generate electricity; the electric energy generated by the hydraulic turbine set is connected to a public 6kV bus section of the Qin and Er plant areas in a grid-connected mode, so that the consumption of service power is made up, and the generated energy transmitted to a power grid is increased; the control system is additionally arranged to realize automatic switching control on the hydraulic turbine unit under the condition that the water flow is reduced during the overhaul (which can relate to the overhaul work of a circulating pump) of the nuclear power unit; when the hydroelectric generating set needs to be overhauled, the water gates on two sides of the reservoir of the CC drop well are closed, and the adjustable auxiliary maintenance gate is opened, so that the discharge of cooling circulating water is not influenced during the overhauling work of the hydroelectric generating set.
Preferably, 10 hydraulic turbine units are embedded and installed on the two drainage paths (5 hydraulic turbine units are designed and installed on each side).
The invention adopts the negative excavation on the two sides of the CC falling well, simultaneously installs the water turbine generator set on each side, then breaks through the two sides of the CC falling well, and simultaneously adopts the solid interception measure on the original sea entering path, thereby changing the water flow path. And the water turbine is used as a prime motor to drive a generator to convert water energy into electric energy. In the water turbine, water flow radially flows into a water distributor through the diversion action of a valve and a volute, the kinetic energy of the water flow is converted into static pressure energy, and the static pressure energy is converted into mechanical energy for driving a rotating wheel to rotate through blades; the rotating runner is coupled with the rotor of the permanent magnet generator through the main shaft and the bearing, the mechanical energy drives the rotor of the generator to rotate in the stator, the rotor becomes a rotating magnetic field, and the stator coil cuts magnetic lines of force to generate electromotive force which is transmitted to users through power transformation and distribution.
In addition, the invention can obtain good economic benefits: the second factory of the Qinshan nuclear power station and the subsequent newly-built nuclear power units (such as the 6 x 1000MWe unit planned and built by Jinqimen project) are taken as examples for analysis respectively.
Example 1: the hydraulic turbine set is arranged and installed in the Qin second factory:
(1) flow rate Q: flow Q of two CRFs in a single unit is 3.5 x 4.5m 2 *1.78m/s＝28.04m 3 S; four CRF flows of four units28.04*4＝112.16m 3 S; the SEC safety service water system of the Qinshan second-stage 1, 2, 3 and 4 units keeps 2 pumps running in daily and overhaul periods of a single unit. 3000m 3 0.83 × 2 units 4 units 6.6m 3 /s。
In summary, the following steps:
number 1 CC drop well (corresponding to number 1/2 units) 56m 3 /s+3.3m 3 /s＝59.3m 3 /s；
CC drop well No. 2 (corresponding to unit No. 3/4): 56m 3 /s+3.3m 3 /s＝59.3m 3 /s；
Total flow for CC drop wells No. 1 and No. 2: 59.3 x 2 ═ 120m 3 /h。
(2) Water head H: the height difference between the upper reservoir water level and the lower reservoir tail water level is as follows: about 5 m.
(3) Efficiency η: the total efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set is 0.7-0.9, and 0.8 is taken as an example.
(4) Capacity: the total installed capacity is 9.81 × 120 × 5 × 0.8 × 4709 kW.
When 1 unit is in stock changing and overhaul, the total flow is reduced (120-14 × 2: 92m3/s), and the total installed capacity is 9.81 × 92 × 5: 0.8: 3610 kW.
(5) And (3) calculating economic benefits: the total installed capacity is 4709kW, and if the maximum draft of a single unit is 12 m3/s (the single unit P is 471kW), 10 installed units can be arranged;
calculating according to the unit operation conditions of the second Qin factory from 2022 years to 2024 years:
in 2022: 215 major repair (the downtime of CRF in the major repair period is 42 days to 10 days), 409 major repair (the downtime of CRF in the major repair period is 59 days to 10 days), 117 major repair (the downtime of CRF in the major repair period is 53 days to 10 days), the major repair is not overlapped, the effective utilization days are 241 days, namely:
the total input days of 8 CRF pumps are 365-32-49-43 ═ 241 d;
the number of days for putting 6 CRF pumps is 32+49+43 ═ 124 d;
the power generation amount in 2022 is: 4709kW 241d 24h +3610kW 124d 24h 3798.02 ten thousand degrees;
in 2023: 310 overhaul (the outage time of the CRF in the overhaul period is 30 days to 10 days), 216 overhaul (the outage time of the CRF in the overhaul period is 29 days to 10 days), the overhaul is not overlapped, and the effective utilization days are 326 days, namely:
the total investment days of 8 CRF pumps are 365-20-19 ═ 326 d;
the number of days for putting the 6 CRF pumps is 20+ 19-39 d;
the electric energy generation in 2023 is: 4709kW 326d 24+3610kW 39d 24h 4022.23 ten thousand degrees;
in 2024: 410 overhaul (the outage time of the CRF in the overhaul period is 30-10 days), 118 overhaul (the outage time of the CRF in the overhaul period is 29-10 days), 311 overhaul (the outage time of the CRF in the overhaul period is 28-10 days), wherein the overhaul is not overlapped, and the effective utilization days are 308 days, namely:
the total investment days of 8 CRF pumps are 365-20-19-18 ═ 308 d;
the days for putting the CRF pumps into the system are 20+19+18 to 57 d;
the electric energy generation in 2024 is: 4709kW 308d 24d +3610kW 57d 24h 3974.74 ten thousand degrees;
in conclusion, the power generation benefits from 2022 to 2024 are: (3798.02+4022.23+3974.74) ten thousand degrees by 0.39 yuan/degree by 4600 ten thousand yuan. Compared with coal-fired power generation, the method reduces the emission of 9.4 ten thousand tons of carbon dioxide equivalently, and contributes power for realizing the double-carbon target.
Example 2: the hydraulic turbine set is arranged and installed in a newly-built nuclear power project (the newly-built set can be comprehensively considered and planned in the aspects of earlier research, design, civil engineering, installation and the like, and the installation and the interface of the civil engineering are easier to realize.
(1) And (3) flow Q calculation: each unit is provided with two circulating water pumps, and the nominal flow of each circulating water pump is as follows: 29.75m 3/s;
each unit is provided with four important service water pumps (WES), and the flow of a single WES pump is as follows: 3800m3/h 3800/3600 m3/s 1.06m 3/s. The device is used for three spare devices under normal working conditions.
To sum up, the six units converge to the total flow of the drop well: q29.75 m3/s 12+1.06m3/s 6 363m 3/s.
(2) Water head H: the height difference between the upper reservoir water level and the lower reservoir tail water level is as follows: calculated as 5 m.
(3) Efficiency η: the total efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set is 0.7-0.9, and 0.8 is taken as an example.
(4) Installed capacity P: the total installed capacity is then: P9.81Q H9.81H 363 0.8 14244kW
When one of the units is overhauled, the total flow is reduced to: 29.75m3/s 10+1.06 x 6m3/s 304m 3/s;
total installed capacity at this time: P9.81Q H0.8 11929 kW.
(5) And (3) calculating economic benefits: if 6 units are completely put into operation, the average overhaul period is 40 days according to that three units are overhauled every year and each overhaul period is not overlapped, then:
the shutdown time of the CRF is (40-10) × 3 ═ 90 days during the overhaul period of each year of the unit; the major repair is not overlapped, and the effective utilization days are 365-90-275 days, namely:
the total investment days of 12 WCW (CRF) pumps are 365-90-275 d;
10 wcw (crf) pumps put in days of 30 × 3 ═ 90 d;
the annual generated energy is as follows: 14244kW 275d 24h +11929kW 90d 24h 11977.7 ten thousand degrees.
If the annual power generation amount is estimated, the following steps are carried out:
the power generation yield for 3 consecutive years is about: 11977.7 ten thousand degree 0.39 x 3-1.4 billion yuan.
Compared with coal-fired power generation, the method is equivalent to reduce the carbon dioxide emission by 28.8 million tons.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A power generation method driven by the energy recovered by a nuclear power cooling circulating water system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: blocking the outflow direction of the original seawater, and discharging the water from the two sides of the CC falling well instead of the water flow direction;
step S2: installing a water-turbine generator set in the water flow discharging direction, and pushing the water-turbine generator set to generate power by using water flow;
step S3: and (4) connecting the electric energy generated by the hydraulic turbine set into a power station.
2. The method for generating power driven by the recovered energy of the nuclear power cooling circulating water system according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 is specifically as follows: and (3) opening the wall at two sides of the CC drop well reservoir, isolating the water flow of the original drop well by a sealing blocking chamber, and extending the openings at two sides outwards to carry out negative excavation to form two drainage paths.
3. The method for generating electricity driven by the reclaimed energy of the nuclear power cooling circulating water system according to claim 2, wherein the hydroelectric generating set and the auxiliary systems and auxiliary equipment thereof are installed in place at the bottom of the excavated foundation.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the auxiliary systems include a power distribution system, a protection control system and an alarm monitoring system, and the auxiliary devices include a generator outlet breaker, a synchronizer, a power distribution cabinet, a coupling transformer, a relay protection device and a fault recorder.
5. The method for generating electricity driven by energy recovered from a nuclear power cooling circulating water system as claimed in claim 2, wherein gates are additionally provided at wall openings on both sides of the reservoir of the CC falling well for intercepting water flow during the subsequent maintenance of the hydroelectric generating set.
6. The method for generating power driven by the recovered energy of the nuclear power cooling circulating water system according to claim 5, wherein an adjustable auxiliary maintenance gate is additionally arranged at the pipeline in the outflow direction of the original seawater to assist the follow-up maintenance work of the hydroelectric generating sets on two sides.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein during the maintenance of the hydro-turbo generator set, the gates on both sides of the CC drop well reservoir are closed and the adjustable auxiliary maintenance gate is opened so as not to affect the discharge of the cooling circulation water during the maintenance of the hydro-turbo generator set.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein a crane system is installed on top of each of the hydraulic turbine units to facilitate maintenance and pre-maintenance during unit outage.
9. The method for generating electricity driven by the recovered energy of the nuclear power cooling circulating water system according to claim 1, wherein a step is additionally provided at the bottom of the installation of the water drainage channel of the hydroelectric generating set.
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