CN115045113A - Silver-loaded antibacterial fabric and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Silver-loaded antibacterial fabric and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a silver-loaded antibacterial fabric, which comprises the following steps: 1) pretreating to obtain clean fabric; 2) surface coating and fixing of modifier/reducing agent: preparing a modifier solution with the concentration of 0.1-3.5 wt%, and then dissolving a reducing agent in the modifier solution to obtain a modifier/reducing agent mixed solution, wherein the concentration of the reducing agent is 0.01-0.25M; soaking the fabric in the mixed solution of the modifier and the reducing agent, taking out the fabric after soaking, and drying to obtain a modified fabric; 3) in-situ deposition: preparing a silver ammonia solution with the concentration of 0.001-0.09M, soaking the modified fabric in the silver ammonia solution, taking out the fabric after soaking, rinsing, and drying to constant weight to obtain the silver ammonia modified fabric. The prepared silver-loaded fabric has excellent antibacterial performance, can still keep excellent antibacterial effect after being washed for many times, and can be applied to the fields of medical treatment, home textiles, war industry, air conditioner filter screens and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antibacterial fabric production, and particularly relates to a silver-loaded antibacterial fabric and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the increasing awareness of health care, people are more and more aware that bacteria and viruses seriously affect human health, and the demand of antibacterial fabrics is increasingly urgent. Therefore, the development of functional antibacterial fabrics is of great significance.
The silver nanoparticles have high antibacterial activity, and the excellent antibacterial performance can be endowed to the fabric by depositing the silver nanoparticles on the surface of the fabric. At present, the preparation methods of the silver-loaded fabric include ultraviolet light reduction, irradiation grafting, plasma sputtering, chemical reduction and the like. Ultraviolet light reduction, irradiation grafting and plasma sputtering, which have high equipment requirements and can negatively affect the strength of the fiber after treatment. The chemical reduction method is generally a process of immersing the fabric in silver-ammonia solution, then adding a reducing agent to reduce silver ions into silver simple substances, and the silver ions in the solution are adsorbed on the fibers only by van der waals force, so that the silver nanoparticles and the fibers have poor bonding fastness and are easy to fall off. In addition, the reducing agent is directly added into the silver-ammonia solution, so that more reduced silver nanoparticles are dissociated in the solution, the deposition efficiency is low, and waste is caused. Therefore, a simple and efficient modification mode is urgently needed to be developed to realize the selective deposition of the silver nanoparticles, improve the deposition efficiency, enhance the binding force with the fabric substrate and realize the long-acting antibiosis and the repeated use of the fabric. The technical problem to be solved in the field of antibacterial fabric preparation is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a silver-loaded antibacterial fabric which is long-acting antibacterial, washable and reusable and a preparation method thereof.
The invention also provides application of the silver-loaded antibacterial fabric.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a silver-carrying antibacterial fabric comprises three steps of pretreatment, surface coating and fixing of a modifier/reducing agent and in-situ deposition, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) pretreating to obtain clean fabric;
2) surface coating and fixing of modifier/reducing agent: preparing a modifier solution with the concentration of 0.1-3.5 wt%, dissolving a reducing agent in the modifier solution to obtain a modifier/reducing agent mixed solution, and promoting the dissolution by ultrasonic, wherein the concentration of the reducing agent is 0.01-0.25M; soaking the fabric in a modifier/reducing agent mixed solution, taking out the fabric after soaking, and drying (40-70) o C, drying for 5-30 min) to obtain a modified fabric;
3) in-situ deposition: preparing a silver ammonia solution with the concentration of 0.001-0.09M, wherein the molar ratio of silver ions to a reducing agent is 1: 1-1: 9, soaking the modified fabric in the silver ammonia solution, taking out the fabric after soaking, rinsing, and drying (40-70) o C, drying for 5-30 min) to constant weight, and obtaining the product.
Specifically, in the step 2), the modifier is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan and the like.
Further, in the step 2), the reducing agent is one or more of triethanolamine, glucose, formic acid, ascorbic acid, formaldehyde and the like.
Specifically, in the step 2), the bath ratio of the fabric to the modifier/reducing agent mixed solution is 1: 50-1: 250.
Further, in the step 2) and the step 3), the dipping temperature is 40-70 DEG o And C, soaking for 20-120 min.
Specifically, in the step 3), the bath ratio of the modified fabric to the silver ammonia solution is 1: 50-1: 250.
Further, in the step 1), the fabric is one or more of polypropylene non-woven fabric, nylon, polyester fabric, spandex, cotton fabric and the like.
Specifically, the pretreatment in the step 1) is specifically as follows: putting the fabric into 95-99% ethanol solution for ultrasonic cleaning, wherein the ultrasonic power is 800W, the ultrasonic time is 10-30 min, and the temperature is 20-35% o And C, taking out the fabric after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, and rinsing the fabric by using pure water to obtain a clean fabric.
The invention also provides the silver-loaded antibacterial fabric prepared by the method. The prepared silver-loaded antibacterial fabric has excellent antibacterial performance, can still keep excellent antibacterial effect after being washed for many times, and can be applied to the fields of medical treatment, home textiles, military industry, air conditioner filter screens and the like.
The invention also provides application of the silver-loaded antibacterial fabric in medical products, home textiles, military products, air-conditioning filter screens and the like.
In the invention, the modifier mainly has two functions: on one hand, the modifier can change the hydrophobic surface into the hydrophilic surface, thereby greatly improving the surface energy of the hydrophobic fabric and being beneficial to the adsorption and reduction of the subsequent silver-ammonia solution; the mode of simultaneously fixing the modifier and the reducing agent is beneficial to realizing the uniform fixation of the reducing agent on the surface of the fabric, thereby realizing the selective in-situ reduction and uniform deposition of the silver nanoparticles; on the other hand, the used modifier such as polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan can form a film layer with cohesiveness on the surface of the fabric (hydrophilic/hydrophobic), so that the combination fastness of the silver nanoparticles and the fabric can be effectively improved, and the silver-loaded fabric has good washing fastness.
The preparation method mainly comprises the following two steps: firstly, a modifier and a reducing agent are fixed on the surface of the fabric simultaneously by impregnation; and secondly, adopting a liquid phase in-situ deposition technology to realize the deposition of the silver nanoparticles on the surface of the fabric by dipping a silver-ammonia solution. The fabric modification method is simple and efficient, the bonding fastness of the silver nanoparticles and the fabric is obviously enhanced, and the shedding of the silver nanoparticles can be effectively reduced in the using process; the preparation condition is mild, the batch production is easy to realize, and the preparation method has universality for various fabrics. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the silver-loaded fabric prepared by the method has high-efficiency antibacterial property and good washing fastness, and after being washed for 40 times, the antibacterial rate can still reach more than 93.15%;
2) the preparation method provided by the invention has universality for various fabrics, and different types of antibacterial fabrics can be prepared, including natural fibers and polymer fibers;
3) the preparation method provided by the invention has the characteristics of simple process and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale production. The prepared silver-loaded fabric has excellent antibacterial performance, can still keep excellent antibacterial effect after being washed for many times, and can be applied to the fields of medical treatment, home textiles, war industry, air conditioner filter screens and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a pure polypropylene nonwoven fabric, an unmodified silver-loaded nonwoven fabric and a polyvinyl alcohol-modified silver-loaded nonwoven fabric in example 1 and comparative example 1 of the present invention, respectively. Wherein, (a) pure polypropylene non-woven fabric PP, (b) unmodified silver-loaded non-woven fabric (Ag/PP), (c) polyvinyl alcohol modified silver-loaded non-woven fabric (Ag/PVA/PP), (d) polyvinyl alcohol modified silver-loaded non-woven fabric after washing for 40 times;
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of pure PP, Ag/PP and Ag/PVA/PP in example 1 and comparative example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of the wash resistance of Ag/PP and Ag/PVA/PP for two silver-loaded fabrics of example 1 and comparative example 1 according to the present invention, including the change in the silver content of the fabric surface and the change in the tensile curve of the fabric; (a) the silver content of the surface of the Ag/PP and Ag/PVA/PP non-woven fabrics changes along with the washing times, and (b) the tensile curve of the non-woven fabrics changes before and after washing;
FIG. 4 is a digital picture of the colony growth measured by the bacteriostasis rate test of Ag/PVA/PP non-woven fabric in example 1 and comparative example 1, wherein (a) is the bacteriostasis rate and colony growth before and after 40 washes of the Ag/PP non-woven fabric sample, and (b) is the bacteriostasis rate and colony growth before and after 40 washes of the Ag/PVA/PP non-woven fabric sample.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the following examples, all the raw materials were general commercial products which can be directly purchased, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A preparation method of a silver-loaded antibacterial fabric specifically comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment: putting the polypropylene non-woven fabric into 95% ethanol solution for ultrasonic cleaning, wherein the ultrasonic power is 800W, the ultrasonic time is 20 min, and the temperature is 25% o C, taking out after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, and rinsing with pure water to obtain a clean non-woven fabric;
2) surface coating and fixing of modifier/reducing agent: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as a modifier, and glucose is used as a reducing agent. Firstly preparing PVA solution, weighing 1 g of PVA in a flask, adding deionized water to 100 g, 95% o C, stirring at high temperature for 2 hours until the PVA is completely dissolved to obtain a PVA solution with the concentration of 1 wt%; then, 0.27 g (1.5 mmol) of glucose was dissolved in 10ml of PVA solution to obtain PVA/C having a glucose concentration of 0.15M 6 H 12 O 6 The solution was mixed and the dissolution was facilitated by sonication. Then the cleaned non-woven fabric is soaked in PVA/C 6 H 12 O 6 In the mixed solution, the non-woven fabric and PVA/C 6 H 12 O 6 The bath ratio of the mixed solution is 1:200 at 60 o C, reacting for 1 h, taking out the non-woven fabric after the impregnation is finished, and reacting at 60 DEG o C, drying for 10 min to obtain a modified non-woven fabric;
3) in-situ deposition: weighing 0.051 g (0.3 mmol) of silver nitrate, dissolving the silver nitrate in 10ml of deionized water, dropwise adding ammonia water into the silver nitrate solution to prepare a silver-ammonia solution with the concentration of 0.03M, wherein the molar ratio of silver ions to glucose is 1: 5; the modified non-woven fabric is coated on 60 o And C, soaking the non-woven fabric in a silver ammonia solution, reacting for 1 hour, wherein the bath ratio of the modified non-woven fabric to the silver ammonia solution is 1:200, and depositing silver nanoparticles on the non-woven fabric. Taking out after the impregnation is finished, rinsing the mixture for three times by deionized water, and performing 60-time rinsing o And drying to constant weight under C to obtain the silver-loaded antibacterial non-woven fabric (Ag/PVA/PP).
Example 2
Preparation method reference is made to example 1, except that: polyvinyl alcohol concentration of 0.6 wt%, glucose mass of 0.054 g (0.03M), silver ammonia concentration of 0.03M, molar ratio of silver ion to glucose of 1:1, temperature of impregnation reaction in step 2) and step 3) of 70 o And C, preparing the silver-loaded antibacterial non-woven fabric.
Example 3
A preparation method of a silver-loaded antibacterial fabric specifically comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment according to example 1, resulting in a clean nylon fabric;
2) a polyvinyl alcohol solution was prepared at a concentration of 0.8 wt%. Triethanolamine is used as a reducing agent. Weighing 0.442 g of triethanolamine into a flask, and adding into 20 ml of polyvinyl alcohol solution to obtain a modifier/reducing agent mixed solution with the triethanolamine concentration of 0.15M; then soaking the clean nylon fabric into the mixed solution of the modifier and the reducing agent, wherein the nylon fabric is mixed with PVA/C 6 H 12 O 6 The bath ratio of the mixed solution is 1:100 at 60 o C, reacting for 2 hours, taking out the nylon fabric after the impregnation is finished, and soaking at 60 DEG oC Drying for 30 min to obtain modified nylon fabric fixed by the modifier and the reducing agent;
3) soaking the modified nylon fabric in a silver ammonia solution with the concentration of 0.05M, wherein the bath ratio of the modified nylon fabric to the silver ammonia solution is 1:100, and the molar ratio of silver ions to triethanolamine is 1: 5; at 60 o C, reacting for 2 hours, taking out, rinsing with deionized water for three times, and then 60 o And C, drying to constant weight to obtain the silver-loaded antibacterial nylon fabric.
Example 4
The preparation process is as in example 1, except that: the fabric material is terylene, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as a modifier, and formic acid is used as a reducing agent. Firstly preparing 0.5 wt% PVA solution, then dissolving 0.04 g formic acid in 10ml PVA solution to obtain 0.09M PVA/HCOOH mixed solution, then soaking terylene in the PVA/HCOOH mixed solution, and placing 60 ml PVA/HCOOH mixed solution into the mixed solution o C, reacting for 1 h, taking out the polyester fabric after the reaction is finished, and performing 60 percent washing o C, drying for 30 min to obtain the modified terylene fixed by the modifier and the reducerA fabric; soaking the modified polyester fabric in silver ammonia solution with the concentration of 0.01M and then soaking the fabric in the silver ammonia solution with the concentration of 60M o Soaking for 1 h under C, taking out, rinsing with deionized water for three times, and soaking at 60 deg.C o And C, drying to constant weight to obtain the silver-loaded antibacterial polyester fabric.
Example 5
The preparation process is as in example 1, except that: in the embodiment, Chitosan (CTS) is used as a modifier, and the fabric material is cotton fabric. First, 0.264 g of ascorbic acid (C) was weighed 6 H 8 O 6 ) Dissolving in 10ml of 1 wt% chitosan solution to obtain PVA/C 6 H 8 O 6 Mixed solution of C 6 H 8 O 6 The concentration is 0.15M; then soaking the cotton fabric in PVA/C 6 H 8 O 6 In the mixed solution, at 60 o C, reacting for 30 min, taking out the cotton fabric after the reaction is finished, and reacting at 60 DEG o C, drying for 30 min to obtain a modified cotton fabric fixed by the modifier and the reducing agent; soaking the modified cotton fabric in 0.05M silver ammonia solution at 60 deg.c o Soaking for 1 h under C, taking out, rinsing with deionized water for three times, and soaking at 60 deg.C o And C, drying to constant weight to obtain the silver-loaded antibacterial cotton fabric.
Example 6
The preparation process is as in example 1, except that: this example uses chitosan as a modifier and ascorbic acid (C) 6 H 8 O 6 ) As the reducing agent, the fabric material is PP non-woven fabric. First, 0.8 wt% chitosan solution was prepared, and then 0.264 g ascorbic acid (C) was weighed out 6 H 8 O 6 ) Dissolving in 10ml chitosan solution, and ultrasonic treating to dissolve completely to obtain C 6 H 8 O 6 CTS/C at a concentration of 0.15M 6 H 8 O 6 Mixing the solution; then dipping the PP non-woven fabric in CTS/C 6 H 8 O 6 In the mixed solution, at 60 o C reacting for 30 min, taking out after the reaction is finished, and reacting at 60 DEG o C, drying for 15 min to obtain a modified PP non-woven fabric fixed by a modifier and a reducing agent; preparing a silver ammonia solution with the concentration of 0.01M according to the steps; the modified PP non-woven fabric is coated on 60 o Immersing in silver ammonia solution under C, reacting for 1 hThen taking out, rinsing with deionized water for three times, and washing at 60 o And C, drying to constant weight to obtain the silver-loaded PP non-woven fabric.
Comparative example 1
1) Putting the PP non-woven fabric into 95% ethanol solution for ultrasonic cleaning, wherein the ultrasonic power is 800W, the ultrasonic time is 20 min, and the temperature is 25% o C, taking out after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, and rinsing with pure water to obtain a clean non-woven fabric;
2) dissolving 0.27 g glucose in 10ml deionized water/ethanol mixed solution with volume ratio of 1/9 to obtain glucose solution with concentration of 0.15M, and soaking non-woven fabric in C 6 H 12 O 6 Solution, nonwoven and C 6 H 12 O 6 The bath ratio of the solution is 1:200 at 60 o C, reacting for 1 h, taking out the non-woven fabric after the reaction is finished, and reacting at 60 DEG o C, drying for 10 min to obtain non-woven fabric subjected to reducing agent fixation;
3) in-situ reduction: weighing 0.051 g of silver nitrate, dissolving the silver nitrate into 10ml of deionized water, and dropwise adding ammonia water to prepare a silver-ammonia solution with the concentration of 0.03M, wherein the molar ratio of silver ions to glucose is 1: 5; soaking the non-woven fabric obtained in the step 2) in the prepared silver ammonia solution, wherein the bath ratio of the non-woven fabric to the silver ammonia solution is 1:200, and soaking the non-woven fabric in the prepared silver ammonia solution at 60 o C, reacting for 1 h, taking out the fabric after the reaction is finished, rinsing the fabric with deionized water for three times, and performing 60 percent washing o And drying to constant weight under C to obtain the silver-loaded non-woven fabric (Ag/PP).
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a pure polypropylene nonwoven fabric, an unmodified silver-loaded nonwoven fabric and a polyvinyl alcohol-modified silver-loaded nonwoven fabric in example 1 and comparative example 1 of the present invention, respectively. Wherein, (a) pure polypropylene non-woven fabric PP, (b) unmodified silver-loaded non-woven fabric (Ag/PP), (c) polyvinyl alcohol modified silver-loaded non-woven fabric (Ag/PVA/PP), and (d) polyvinyl alcohol modified silver-loaded polypropylene non-woven fabric after being washed for 40 times. As can be seen from the SEM images: the silver nanoparticles on the surface of the unmodified silver-loaded fabric (Ag/PP) are not uniformly deposited and have serious aggregation phenomenon, and the silver nanoparticles on the surface of the modified silver-loaded fabric (Ag/PVA/PP) are uniformly distributed, which shows that the modification is beneficial to realizing the selective deposition of the silver nanoparticles, and meanwhile, the modifier can be used as a protective agent to improve the aggregation of the silver nanoparticles.
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of pure PP, Ag/PP and Ag/PVA/PP in example 1 and comparative example 1 of the present invention. XRD showed that: the surface deposits of the Ag/PVA/PP non-woven fabric and the Ag/PP non-woven fabric are pure silver and have no impurity peak.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of the wash resistance of Ag/PP and Ag/PVA/PP for two silver-loaded fabrics of example 1 and comparative example 1 according to the present invention, including the change in the silver content of the fabric surface and the change in the tensile curve of the fabric; (a) the silver content of the surface of the Ag/PP and Ag/PVA/PP non-woven fabrics changes with the washing times, and (b) the tensile curve of the non-woven fabrics before and after washing changes. From the graph (fig. 3 a) of the change of the silver content on the fabric surface with the number of washing times: the silver content of the Ag/PVA/PP non-woven fabric is 67.62 g/kg, compared with Ag/PP, the silver content of the Ag/PVA/PP non-woven fabric is reduced slowly along with the increase of the washing times, which shows that silver nanoparticles are less in shedding in the washing process, and the washing fastness of the silver-loaded fabric is obviously improved through modification. The results of fig. 3b show that: the tensile strength of the Ag/PVA/PP non-woven fabric is 6.23 MPa, the elongation at break is 142%, and the mechanical property is only reduced by 33% after washing for 40 times.
FIG. 4 is a digital picture of the colony growth measured by the bacteriostasis rate test of Ag/PVA/PP non-woven fabric in example 1 and comparative example 1, wherein (a) is the bacteriostasis rate and colony growth before and after 40 washes of the Ag/PP non-woven fabric sample, and (b) is the bacteriostasis rate and colony growth before and after 40 washes of the Ag/PVA/PP non-woven fabric sample. The bacteriostatic rate test can obtain: the bacteriostasis rate of the sample before washing is 99.99%. After being washed for 40 times, the Ag/PVA/PP non-woven fabric still has strong antibacterial performance, while the Ag/PP non-woven fabric which is not modified has the antibacterial rate reduced to 80.96 percent after being washed for 40 times, and the antibacterial performance is greatly reduced.
The washing tests of the silver-loaded fabrics of examples 1 to 6 and of comparative example 1 were carried out according to the standard ISO 105-C10: 2006.1A; the antibacterial activity of the silver-loaded fabric samples before and after 40 times of washing in examples 1-6 and comparative example 1 is detected, and the detection standard refers to GB/T20944.3-2008, evaluation 3 part of antibacterial performance of textiles: the results of the measurement are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 bacteriostasis rates of silver-loaded fabrics in examples 1-6 and comparative example 1
Table 1 shows that: the preparation method provided by the invention is suitable for various fabrics. The silver-loaded fabric has good washing fastness, can still keep high antibacterial rate after being washed for 40 times, and can be repeatedly washed and reused.
The above examples are intended to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications and changes made to the present invention within the scope of the claims of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the silver-loaded antibacterial fabric is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) pretreating to obtain clean fabric;
2) surface coating and fixing of modifier/reducing agent: preparing a modifier solution with the concentration of 0.1-3.5 wt%, and then dissolving a reducing agent in the modifier solution to obtain a modifier/reducing agent mixed solution, wherein the concentration of the reducing agent is 0.01-0.25M; soaking the fabric in the mixed solution of the modifier and the reducing agent, taking out the fabric after soaking, and drying to obtain a modified fabric;
3) in-situ deposition: preparing a silver ammonia solution with the concentration of 0.001-0.09M, wherein the molar ratio of silver ions to a reducing agent is 1: 1-1: 9, soaking the modified fabric in the silver ammonia solution, taking out the fabric after soaking, rinsing, and drying to constant weight.
2. The method for preparing the silver-loaded antibacterial fabric according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the modifier is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan.
3. The method for preparing silver-loaded antibacterial fabric according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the reducing agent is one or more of triethanolamine, glucose, formic acid, ascorbic acid and formaldehyde.
4. The method for preparing the silver-loaded antibacterial fabric as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step 2), the bath ratio of the fabric to the modifier/reducing agent mixed solution is 1:50 to 1: 250.
5. The method for preparing the silver-loaded antibacterial fabric according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2) and the step 3), the dipping temperature is 40-70 ℃ o And C, dipping for 20-120 min.
6. The method for preparing the silver-loaded antibacterial fabric as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the bath ratio of the modified fabric to the silver ammonia solution is 1: 50-1: 250.
7. The method for preparing the silver-loaded antibacterial fabric of claim 6, wherein in the step 1), the fabric is one or more of polypropylene non-woven fabric, nylon, polyester fabric, spandex and cotton fabric.
8. The method for preparing the silver-loaded antibacterial fabric according to claim 7, wherein the pretreatment in the step 1) is specifically: putting the fabric into 95-99% ethanol solution for ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic power is 800W, the ultrasonic treatment time is 10-30 min, and the temperature is 20-35 o And C, taking out the fabric after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, and rinsing the fabric by pure water to obtain a clean fabric.
9. The silver-loaded antibacterial fabric prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the silver-loaded antimicrobial fabric of claim 9 in medical articles, home textiles, military articles, and air conditioning filters.
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| CN116043528A (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-05-02 | 上海洁宜康化工科技有限公司 | Fabric antibacterial finishing working solution and manufacturing method of antibacterial fabric |
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