CN115043261A - Constant-tension yarn feeder and control method - Google Patents
Constant-tension yarn feeder and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115043261A CN115043261A CN202210901427.3A CN202210901427A CN115043261A CN 115043261 A CN115043261 A CN 115043261A CN 202210901427 A CN202210901427 A CN 202210901427A CN 115043261 A CN115043261 A CN 115043261A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H59/00—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators
- B65H59/38—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators by regulating speed of driving mechanism of unwinding, paying-out, forwarding, winding, or depositing devices, e.g. automatically in response to variations in tension
- B65H59/384—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators by regulating speed of driving mechanism of unwinding, paying-out, forwarding, winding, or depositing devices, e.g. automatically in response to variations in tension using electronic means
- B65H59/387—Regulating unwinding speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2553/00—Sensing or detecting means
- B65H2553/20—Sensing or detecting means using electric elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2553/00—Sensing or detecting means
- B65H2553/80—Arangement of the sensing means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
- B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
- B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments
Abstract
A constant tension yarn feeder and a control method thereof comprise a motor, an expansion shaft, a distance measuring sensor, a control box and a yarn drum core; the expansion shaft is coaxially arranged on an output shaft of the motor and can rotate together with a motor shaft, the yarn drum core is sleeved outside the expansion shaft, the control box is arranged on a machine body of the motor, the distance measuring sensor is arranged on one side of the control box close to the yarn drum core, and the detection direction of the distance measuring sensor is opposite to the yarn drum core; the control box is used for adjusting the output torque of the motor through the acquired data of the distance measuring sensor. The constant tensioner of the invention obtains the stable and constant motor output torque by providing constant current for the torque motor, and then the yarn which is fed out or retracted by the yarn bobbin coaxially installed with the motor can maintain stable tension.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tension control of yarn feeders, and particularly relates to a constant-tension yarn feeder and a control method.
Background
In many industrial productions, tension control of yarn is required, especially fiber winding in the production process of composite materials, most of the materials used are carbon fibers or glass fibers with high strength and high modulus, the applied tension is large and generally 10-300N, the tension stability of the yarn is required, and the tension of the yarn is stable and constant no matter the yarn is pulled out or wound into the yarn. The tension of the positive yarn constant tension device used in the textile industry is small, and only the tension below 0.1N can be provided, so that the requirement of a fiber winding machine can not be met. In order to obtain a stable and high tension of the yarn, various tension stabilizing devices have been made to control the output tension of the bobbin. The basic method is mainly to compare the tension of the output yarn with a set value by detection and amplify the difference value to regulate and control the output tension. The specific method comprises the following steps: 1. automatically controlling by adopting a computer, detecting output tension by a tension sensor, comparing the output tension with set tension, and then amplifying an error to control the control current of a magnetic powder brake coaxially arranged with a yarn bobbin, wherein the output tension is always maintained near a set value; 2. the control mode of mechanical negative feedback is adopted, and the braking force of a brake provided with a yarn drum is adjusted through a pull rod according to the swing angle of the detected biaxial tension dead time, so that the output tension is maintained in a small change range. 3. The bobbin is mounted on a shaft of a brake to apply a steady current to the brake. The method 1 is a typical electronic control mode, has clear control thought and higher control precision, is mainly applied to some customized complete equipment, and has lower commercialization degree; the method 2 has the advantages of high system reliability, and the defects of abrasion in the use of a mechanical friction type brake and low tension stability precision, particularly represents an MCM tension stabilizing device produced in the United states, and is commonly used on old equipment imported 20 years ago; the method 3 has the simplest structure, but has poor tension stability, needs to frequently adjust and control current, is suitable for application with low requirements, and is applied more at present. The above methods are all based on specific installation occasions to combine scattered parts into a small system, so that the tension control system made by the methods is difficult to form independent commodities for mass production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a constant-tension yarn feeder and a control method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of low commercialization degree, low tension stability precision and poor tension stability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a constant tension yarn feeder comprises a motor, an expansion shaft, a distance measuring sensor, a control box and a yarn drum core; the expansion shaft is coaxially arranged on an output shaft of the motor and can rotate together with a motor shaft, the yarn drum core is sleeved outside the expansion shaft, the control box is arranged on a machine body of the motor, the distance measuring sensor is arranged on one side of the control box close to the yarn drum core, and the detection direction of the distance measuring sensor is opposite to the yarn drum core; the control box is used for adjusting the output torque of the motor through the acquired data of the distance measuring sensor.
Furthermore, a control circuit is arranged in the control box, and the control circuit comprises a switching power supply, a single chip microcomputer, a comparator circuit, an upper MOSFET driver, a lower MOSFET driver, a constant current source main circuit, a current sensor and an overvoltage protection circuit; the distance measuring sensor and the comparator circuit are connected to the single chip microcomputer, and the output of the comparator circuit is respectively connected with the upper MOSFET driver and the lower MOSFET driver; the upper MOSFET driver and the lower MOSFET driver are both connected to a constant current source main circuit, and the constant current source main circuit is connected to the motor; a current sensor is also arranged between the comparator circuit and the output of the constant current source main circuit; the switch power supply provides a high-power supply for the main circuit and provides a low-voltage control power supply for the control circuit, the overvoltage protection circuit is connected to the switch power supply and is used for preventing bus overvoltage, and the current sensor is used for detecting current passing through a motor armature; the distance measuring sensor adopts an ultrasonic distance measuring sensor.
Furthermore, in the comparator circuit, the input + of a comparator COMP1 is connected with the analog quantity output of the given current output of the single chip microcomputer, and the input-of the comparator is connected with the output of the current sensor.
Furthermore, the comparison circuit also comprises return difference resistors R15 and R16, and the comparator is connected into a positive feedback type.
Furthermore, the MOSFET driver comprises two totem-pole output driving circuits, wherein the upper end MOSFET driving circuit also comprises a bootstrap capacitor, a fast recovery diode and an undervoltage protection circuit; the main circuit of the constant current source is a switch circuit and comprises two MOSFETs: t1, T2 and two fast recovery diodes D1, D2, T1, T2 are respectively connected in series with two ends of the motor winding L1, the cathode of D1 in the two fast recovery diodes is connected with the motor winding L1+, the anode is connected with the power supply cathode GND, the cathode of D2 is connected with the power supply bus anode, and the anode is connected with the motor winding L1-.
Further, the output voltage of the switching power supply is higher than the highest generated voltage of the motor when the motor is dragged in the reverse direction;
furthermore, the overvoltage protection circuit is a power consumption type resistance switch circuit, and redundant electric energy of a direct current bus of the main circuit is consumed through a resistor.
Furthermore, the overvoltage protection circuit is an energy feedback unit, specifically a DC-AC inverter circuit, and converts the redundant electric energy of the main circuit DC bus into AC with the same frequency as the input power supply and feeds the AC back to the power grid.
Furthermore, the singlechip is also connected with a display and a key board.
Further, a control method of the constant tension yarn feeder comprises the following steps:
the signal voltage VIN2 output by the single chip microcomputer is the given current, and the signal voltage VIN1 output by the current sensor corresponds to the armature current of the motor; providing control signals for the driving circuits of the switching elements T1 and T2 of the constant current source switching circuit through a comparator circuit with a return difference; when VIN2 is greater than VIN1+ V δ, the output voltage VO of the comparator COMP1 is at a high level, and T1 and T2 are turned on; when VIN2 < VIN1+ V delta, the output voltage VO of the comparator COMP1 is at low level, and T1 and T2 are turned off; v delta is the return difference voltage of the comparison circuit;
the singlechip contains a power-off memory EEPROM to record the actual radius of the bobbin and an armature current signal when the standard bobbin outputs rated tension; the standard yarn barrel is a yarn barrel with a fixed diameter, and a layer of yarn is wound on the yarn surface; during calibration, a standard yarn drum and a tension meter are adopted, a nominal torque value is firstly input through a display setting panel, then the tension meter is used for drawing yarns, deviation is corrected according to the read actual measurement value of the tension meter in a plus or minus mode to enable the measurement value to be consistent with a calibration value, and the single chip microcomputer records the armature current signal and the distance information measured by the sensor at the moment; the single chip microcomputer provides an armature current setting signal to the comparator according to VIN 2-VIN 0 x [ R0- (L-L0) ], wherein VIN0 is an armature current detection signal corresponding to the tension set by the sensor on the standard bobbin, R0 is the radius of the standard bobbin, L is the distance measured by the sensor, and L0 is the distance measured by the sensor on the standard bobbin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the constant tension yarn feeder realizes the stabilization of the output torque of the motor by supplying power through the controllable constant current source based on the characteristic that the output torque of the direct current motor is in direct proportion to the armature current, and then leads the tension of the yarn on the yarn bobbin which is coaxially arranged with the motor shaft to be stabilized. Because the yarn on the yarn bobbin is less and less along with the unwinding, the invention adopts the change of the radius of the yarn bobbin to be measured in real time to compensate the output torque of the motor, so that the tension of the output yarn is kept constant.
The constant tension yarn feeder includes yarn bobbin, DC torque motor, expanding shaft, distance measuring sensor, control box and power input line with plug. Wherein: a yarn barrel is arranged on the outer side of the expansion shaft, the expansion shaft is coaxially arranged on a motor shaft and can rotate together with the motor shaft, the control box is arranged on a machine body of the motor, the distance measuring sensor is arranged at one end, close to the yarn barrel, of the control box, and the detection direction of the distance measuring sensor is opposite to the outer surface of the yarn barrel; the tension of the output yarn is in direct proportion to the output torque of the motor and in inverse proportion to the radius of a yarn surface of the yarn drum, the control box provides stable armature current for the motor and can finely adjust the armature current through the radius of the yarn drum detected by the sensor in real time, and the tension of the output yarn is constant.
The invention adjusts the output torque of the motor by measuring the radius of the yarn barrel through the external non-contact distance measuring sensor, and is simpler, more reliable and cheaper than the prior art which directly measures the yarn tension. The constant tensioner designed and manufactured by adopting the electromechanical integration technology is self-integrated, and is convenient to install and use. The setting of the output tension and the calibration method of the equipment are simple and convenient to operate. The fiber spreading and winding machine can be connected with the single chip microcomputer of the constant tensioner through a data bus to be controlled in a centralized mode. Is convenient for commercialization and can be produced in batch.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of the constant tensioner of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control system of the constant tensioner of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a comparator circuit in the control system of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the main circuit of the constant current source of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the power consumption type over-voltage protection circuit according to the present invention
Wherein: 1-motor, 2-control box, 3-expansion shaft, 4-distance measuring sensor, 5-yarn tube core, 6-installation wall plate, 7-expansion shaft knob, 8-yarn, 9-switching power supply, 10-overvoltage protector, 11-single chip microcomputer, 12-constant current source main circuit, 13-display, 15-key board, 16-comparison circuit, 17-upper driver, 18-lower driver 19-current sensor
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The yarn feed speed of the filament winding machine is generally not too high, i.e. the rotational speed of the bobbin is generally low, and the inertial force of the bobbin rotation caused by the sprinkle-siemens is negligible compared with the yarn tension required by the laying and winding equipment. If a coaxial brake is used as the control element for the yarn tension
The torque T of the brake is equal to the yarn tension F x the outer diameter r of the bobbin.
When the yarn tension is constant, the torque T of the brake is equal to the outer diameter r of the bobbin.
According to the physical relation, the constant-tension yarn feeder records the control current when the yarn bobbin with the standard radius outputs the rated tension, and corrects the control current by detecting the radius of the camera in real time, so that the output tension is stable and constant. The direct-current torque motor is adopted, and based on the characteristic that the output torque of the direct-current motor is in direct proportion to the armature current, the output torque of the motor is stable by supplying power through the constant current source, and then the yarn tension on a yarn bobbin coaxially mounted with a motor shaft is stable.
Because the yarn on the yarn bobbin is less and less along with the unwinding, the invention adopts the change of the radius of the yarn bobbin to be measured in real time to compensate the output torque of the motor, so that the tension of the output yarn is kept constant.
The constant tensioner is suitable for the yarn barrel of the cylindrical winding surface.
The constant tension yarn feeder realizes the stabilization of the output torque of the motor by supplying power through the controllable constant current source based on the characteristic that the output torque of the direct current motor is in direct proportion to the armature current, and then leads the tension of the yarn on the yarn bobbin which is coaxially arranged with the motor shaft to be stabilized. Because the yarn on the yarn bobbin is less and less along with the unwinding, the invention adopts the change of the radius of the yarn bobbin to be measured in real time to compensate the output torque of the motor, so that the tension of the output yarn is kept constant.
The constant tension yarn feeder includes yarn bobbin, DC torque motor, expanding shaft, distance measuring sensor, control box and power input line with plug. Wherein: a yarn barrel is arranged on the outer side of the expansion shaft, the expansion shaft is coaxially arranged on a motor shaft and can rotate together with the motor shaft, the control box is arranged on a machine body of the motor, the distance measuring sensor is arranged at one end, close to the yarn barrel, of the control box, and the detection direction of the distance measuring sensor is opposite to the outer surface of the yarn barrel; the tension of the output yarn is in direct proportion to the output torque of the motor and in inverse proportion to the radius of a yarn surface of the yarn drum, the control box provides stable armature current for the motor and can finely adjust the armature current through the radius of the yarn drum detected by the sensor in real time, and the tension of the output yarn is constant.
The control box is a metal box with good heat dissipation, a control circuit is arranged in the control box, the control circuit comprises a switching power supply, a single chip microcomputer, a display screen, keys, a sensor, a comparator, an MOSFET driver, a constant current source main circuit, a current sensor and an overvoltage protection circuit, wherein the switching power supply provides proper electric power for the whole machine, the overvoltage protection circuit is used for placing bus overvoltage which possibly occurs, and the current sensor is used for detecting current passing through a motor armature; the singlechip is used as the center of the control circuit and is respectively connected with the key switch, the display, the current sensor and the comparator; the input + of the comparator is connected with the analog quantity output of the given current output of the singlechip, the input-of the comparator is connected with the output of the current sensor, and the output of the comparator is connected with the input of the MOSFET drive circuit; the MOSFET driver comprises two totem-pole output driving circuits, wherein the driving circuit responsible for the upper end MOSFET also comprises a bootstrap capacitor, a fast recovery diode and an undervoltage protection circuit; the constant current source main circuit is a switch circuit and comprises two MOSFETs and two fast recovery diodes, wherein the two MOSFETs are respectively connected in series at two ends of a motor winding; one cathode of the two fast recovery diodes is connected with the positive pole of the motor winding, the anode of the two fast recovery diodes is connected with the negative pole GND of the power supply, and the other cathode of the two fast recovery diodes is connected with the positive pole of the power supply bus, and the anode of the two fast recovery diodes is connected with the negative pole of the motor winding;
in order to ensure that the motor can be effectively controlled in the first quadrant and the fourth quadrant, the output voltage of the switching power supply must be higher than the highest generated voltage of the motor when the motor is dragged in the reverse direction.
The comparison circuit comprises return difference resistors R15 and R16, and the comparator is connected into a positive feedback type.
The current sensor can adopt a resistor with the number of m omega as a sampling resistor or other detection circuits, but a Hall current sensor is preferably adopted, so that the loss of a main loop is not caused, and the isolation between strong current and weak current is realized.
The motor can produce the generated voltage at the in-process of dragging backward, though the output voltage of switching power supply is higher than the highest generated voltage of motor when being dragged in the reverse direction, can guarantee MOSFET's normal work, the motor still can be in the afterflow process after MOSFET closes the energy feedback power supply bus, especially when the speed of rotation of dragging backward is higher, can make the bus voltage rise a lot, causes the danger of puncturing to components and parts in the circuit. The overvoltage protection circuit can limit the bus voltage from being too high, the simplest overvoltage protection circuit is an energy consumption type resistance switch circuit, redundant electric energy of a direct current bus of the main circuit is consumed through a resistor, and the bus voltage is not too high. The energy consumption type overvoltage limiting circuit is not beneficial to energy conservation and is limited to application occasions with smaller power and less total quantity. For the occasions with larger power or more total amount, an energy feedback unit is adopted as an overvoltage protection circuit, and the energy feedback unit specifically adopts a DC-AC inverter circuit to convert the redundant electric energy of the main circuit DC bus into AC with the same frequency as the input power supply and feed back to the power grid.
The yarn drum sensor measures the distance from the yarn surface of the yarn drum to the probe, and then the actual radius of the yarn drum is calculated by the single chip microcomputer according to the known distance between the sensor and the motor axis. Optical distance measuring sensors, inductive proximity switches and the like can be adopted, but ultrasonic distance measuring sensors with the frequency of more than 200kHz are preferably adopted, the attenuation of ultrasonic waves in high frequency ranges in air is fast, the acting distance is small, and the short-distance measuring requirements of people can be met. In addition, the rapid attenuation is also beneficial to reduce mutual interference, which is especially serious especially when hundreds of constant tensioners are working together.
The control circuit adopts the signal voltage VIN2 output by the singlechip as the given current, and the signal voltage VIN1 output by the Hall current sensor S1 corresponds to the armature current of the motor. The comparator supplies a control signal to the drive circuit of the switching elements T1 and T2 of the constant current source switching circuit through a comparator circuit with a return difference. When VIN2 is greater than VIN1+ V δ, the output voltage VO of the comparator COMP1 is at a high level, and T1 and T2 are turned on; when VIN2 < VIN1+ V delta, the output voltage VO of the comparator COMP1 is at low level, and T1 and T2 are turned off; and V delta is the return difference voltage of the comparison circuit. The size of the return difference can be changed by adjusting the ratio of R15 to R16D, the large return difference has lower switching frequency, small switching loss and large ripple of output current, the small return difference has high switching frequency, large switching loss and small ripple of output current, and the return difference is generally controlled within 10% of the peak value.
A singlechip in the control circuit contains a power-off memory EEPROM to record the actual radius of the bobbin and an armature current signal when the standard bobbin outputs rated tension; the standard bobbin is a bobbin with a fixed diameter; during calibration, a standard yarn drum and a tension meter are adopted, a nominal torque value is firstly input through a display setting panel, then the tension meter is used for drawing yarns, deviation is corrected according to the read actual measurement value of the tension meter in a plus or minus mode to enable the measurement value to be consistent with a calibration value, and the single chip microcomputer records the armature current signal and the distance information measured by the sensor at the moment; the single chip microcomputer provides an armature current setting signal to the comparator according to VIN2 ═ VIN0 × [ R0- (L-L0) ], and the signal corresponds to the armature current provided by the controller to the motor when the yarn cylinder with the standard diameter outputs the set tension. Where VIN0 is an armature current detection signal corresponding to the set tension of the sensor on the standard package, R0 is the radius of the standard package, L is the distance measured by the sensor, and L0 is the distance measured by the sensor on the standard package.
The display setting panel on the control box comprises a tension value display, tension size setting keys, a correction key and a setting confirmation key. When in calibration, when a standard yarn drum is installed and the tension meter is used for pulling yarns, a 'correction' key is pressed, the tension value displayed by a panel is observed, the '+' and '-' keys are pressed to enable the displayed value to be equal to the rated value, and then a 'confirm' key single chip microcomputer is pressed to record the data in the state; the required tension can be set by pressing the "+" and "-" keys during normal use.
The torque motor comprises a direct current torque motor, an alternating current torque motor and a brushless direct current torque motor, and can also use a cheap common direct current motor or a common alternating current motor for use occasions with low requirement on tension precision.
The constant tensioner of the invention obtains the stable and constant motor output torque by providing the constant current for the torque motor, and then the yarn which is fed out or retracted by the yarn bobbin coaxially installed with the motor can maintain the stable tension.
Example 1:
please refer to fig. 1 to 5.
The constant tension yarn feeder comprises a motor 1, an expansion shaft 3, a distance measuring sensor 4, a control box 2 and a power input line with a plug. A yarn barrel 8 is arranged on the outer side of the expansion shaft 3, a barrel core 5 of the yarn barrel 8 is expanded by the expansion shaft 3, the expansion shaft 3 is coaxially arranged on a shaft of the motor 1 and can rotate together with a motor shaft, the control box 2 is arranged on a machine body of the motor 1, the distance measuring sensor 4 is arranged on one side of the control box 2 close to the yarn barrel 8, and the detection direction of the distance measuring sensor is right opposite to the outer surface of the yarn barrel 8.
The control box 2 is a metal box with good heat dissipation, a control circuit is arranged in the control box, and the control circuit comprises a switching power supply 9, a singlechip 11, a display screen 13, a key 14, a distance measuring sensor 4, a comparator circuit 16, an upper MOSFET driver 17, a lower MOSFET driver 17, a constant current source main circuit 12, a current sensor 15 and an overvoltage protection circuit 10, wherein the switching power supply 9 provides a high-power supply for the main circuit 12 and a low-voltage control power supply for a control circuit, the overvoltage protection circuit 10 is used for placing bus overvoltage which may occur, and the current sensor 15 is used for detecting current passing through an armature of the motor 1; the singlechip 11 is used as the center of the control circuit and is respectively connected with the key switch 14, the display 13, the distance measuring sensor 4 and the comparator circuit 16; the input + of the comparator COMP1 is connected with the analog quantity output of the given current output of the singlechip 11, the input-of the comparator is connected with the output of the current sensor 15, and the output of the comparator is connected with the input of the MOSFET drive circuit; the MOSFET driver comprises two totem-pole output driving circuits, wherein the upper end MOSFET driving circuit 17 also comprises a bootstrap capacitor, a fast recovery diode and an undervoltage protection circuit; the constant current source main circuit 12 is a switching circuit, and includes two MOSFETs: t1, T2 and two fast recovery diodes D1, D2, T1, T2 are respectively connected in series with two ends of the motor winding L1, the cathode of D1 in the two fast recovery diodes is connected with the motor winding L1+, the anode is connected with the power supply cathode GND, the cathode of D2 is connected with the power supply bus anode, and the anode is connected with the motor winding L1-.
In order to ensure that the motor can be effectively controlled in the first quadrant and the fourth quadrant, the output bus voltage of the switching power supply 9 must be higher than the highest generated voltage of the motor 1 when the motor is dragged in the reverse direction.
The comparison circuit comprises return difference resistors R15 and R16, and the comparator is connected into a positive feedback type.
The current sensor can adopt a resistor with the number of m omega as a sampling resistor or other detection circuits, but a Hall current sensor is preferably adopted, so that not only is no loss generated, but also the isolation between strong current and weak current is better.
The motor can generate generating voltage in the reverse dragging process, and because the output voltage of the switching power supply is higher than the highest generating voltage of the motor when the motor is dragged in the reverse direction, although the direction and the magnitude of current flowing through the motor winding L1 when the T1 and the T2 are simultaneously conducted can be ensured, the motor can still reversely transmit the generated electric energy to the power bus in the follow current process after the T1 and the T2 are simultaneously turned off, and particularly when the reverse dragging rotation speed is higher, the bus voltage can be greatly increased, and the danger of breakdown is caused to components in the circuit. Therefore, an overvoltage protection circuit 10 is also needed to limit the bus voltage from being too high, and the simplest overvoltage protection circuit is a power consumption type resistance switch circuit, as shown in fig. 5. Wherein Z1 is a Zener diode, R1 is a current-limiting resistor of Z1, Z1 is used for generating a stable reference voltage, R2 and R3 form a voltage divider, and the voltage division of the bus voltage when T3 is switched on R3 is equal to the voltage of Z1; when the bus voltage VM is lower than the action voltage, the voltage at two ends of R3 is lower than the voltage at two ends of Z1, the comparator COMP2 outputs low level, T3 is cut off, and no current flows through R3; when the bus voltage VM is higher than the operating voltage, the voltage across the R3 is higher than the voltage across the Z1, the comparator COMP2 outputs a high level to turn on the T3, and the resistor R3 with a smaller resistance value has a larger current flowing through it, so that the bus voltage is reduced. The energy consumption type overvoltage limiting circuit is not beneficial to energy saving and is only limited to application occasions with small power and small total quantity.
The yarn drum sensor measures the distance from the yarn surface of the yarn drum to the probe, and then the actual radius of the yarn drum is calculated by the single chip microcomputer according to the known distance between the sensor and the motor axis. Optical distance measuring sensors, inductive proximity switches and the like can be adopted, but ultrasonic distance measuring sensors with the frequency of more than 200kHz are preferably adopted, the attenuation of ultrasonic waves in high frequency ranges in air is fast, the acting distance is small, the short-distance measuring requirements of people are met, and the working of a plurality of constant tensioners is facilitated.
The control circuit adopts the signal voltage VIN2 output by the singlechip as the given current, and the signal voltage VIN1 output by the Hall current sensor S1 corresponds to the armature current of the motor. The comparator supplies a control signal to the drive circuit of the switching elements T1 and T2 of the constant current source switching circuit through a comparator circuit with a return difference. When VIN2 is greater than VIN1+ V δ, the output voltage VO of the comparator COMP1 is at a high level, and T1 and T2 are turned on; when VIN2 < VIN1+ V delta, the output voltage VO of the comparator COMP1 is at low level, and T1 and T2 are turned off; and V delta is the return difference voltage of the comparison circuit. The size of the return difference can be changed by adjusting the ratio of R15 to R16, the switching frequency is lower when the return difference is large, the switching loss is small, the ripple of the output current is large, the switching frequency is high when the return difference is small, the switching loss is large, the ripple of the output current is small, and the control is generally within 10% of the peak value.
A singlechip in the control circuit comprises a power-off memory and a constant tensioner which work together to record the actual radius of the bobbin and an armature current signal when the standard bobbin outputs rated tension; the standard yarn barrel is a yarn barrel with a fixed diameter, and a layer of yarn is wound on the yarn surface; during calibration, a standard yarn drum and a tension meter are adopted, a nominal torque value is firstly input through a display setting panel, then the tension meter is used for drawing yarns, deviation is corrected according to the read actual measurement value of the tension meter in a plus or minus mode to enable the measurement value to be consistent with a calibration value, and the single chip microcomputer records the armature current signal and the distance information measured by the sensor at the moment; the single chip microcomputer provides an armature current setting signal to the comparator according to VIN 2-VIN 0 x [ R0- (L-L0) ], wherein VIN0 is an armature current detection signal corresponding to the tension set by the sensor on the standard bobbin, R0 is the radius of the standard bobbin, L is the distance measured by the sensor, and L0 is the distance measured by the sensor on the standard bobbin.
The display setting panel on the control box comprises a tension value display, tension size setting keys, a correction key and a setting confirmation key. When in calibration, when a standard yarn drum is installed and the tension meter is used for pulling yarns, a 'correction' key is pressed, the tension value displayed by a panel is observed, the '+' and '-' keys are pressed to enable the displayed value to be equal to the rated value, and then a 'confirm' key single chip microcomputer is pressed to record the data in the state; the required tension can be set by pressing the keys "+" and "-" during normal use.
The expansion shaft 3 can be manually operated or pneumatically operated. The pneumatic type is selected for a large number of occasions of concentrated use, is fast and can shorten the operation time of replacing the yarn barrel.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 1 to 5, the constant tension yarn feeder of the present invention includes a yarn bobbin 8, a motor 1, an expansion shaft 3, a distance measuring sensor 4, a control box 2, and a power input line with a plug. Wherein: a yarn barrel 8 is arranged on the outer side of the expansion shaft 3, a barrel core 5 of the yarn barrel 8 is expanded by the expansion shaft 3, the expansion shaft 3 is coaxially arranged on a shaft of the motor 1 and can rotate together with a motor shaft, the control box 2 is arranged on a machine body of the motor 1, the distance measuring sensor 4 is arranged on one side of the control box 2 close to the yarn barrel 8, and a probe of the distance measuring sensor is right opposite to the outer surface of the yarn barrel 8.
The control box 2 is a metal box with good heat dissipation, a control circuit is arranged in the control box, the control circuit comprises a switch power supply 9, a single chip microcomputer 11, a display screen 13, a key 14, a distance measuring sensor 4, a comparator circuit 16, an upper MOSFET driver 17, a lower MOSFET driver 17, a constant current source main circuit 12, a current sensor 15 and an overvoltage protection circuit 10, wherein the single chip microcomputer is internally provided with a special serial communication port, AD, DA and an analog comparator, the switch power supply 9 provides a high-power supply for the main circuit 12 and a low-voltage control power supply for a control circuit, the overvoltage protection circuit 10 is used for placing bus overvoltage which may occur, and the current sensor 15 is used for detecting current passing through an armature of the motor 1; the singlechip 11 is used as the center of the control circuit and is respectively connected with the key-on 14, the display 13, the distance measuring sensor 4 and the MOSFET driver; the given current output end of the singlechip 11 is connected with the input + of a comparator COMP1, the input-of the comparator is connected with the output of the current sensor 15, the output of the comparator is connected with the input of an MOSFET drive circuit, and the comparator is integrated in the singlechip; the MOSFET driver comprises two totem-pole output driving circuits, wherein the upper end MOSFET driving circuit 17 also comprises a bootstrap capacitor, a fast recovery diode and an undervoltage protection circuit; the constant current source main circuit 12 is a switching circuit, and includes two MOSFETs: t1, T2 and two fast recovery diodes D1, D2, T1, T2 are respectively connected in series with two ends of the motor winding L1, the cathode of D1 in the two fast recovery diodes is connected with the motor winding L1+, the anode is connected with the power supply cathode GND, the cathode of D2 is connected with the power supply bus anode, and the anode is connected with the motor winding L1-.
In order to ensure that the motor can be effectively controlled in the first quadrant and the fourth quadrant, the output bus voltage of the switching power supply 9 must be higher than the highest generated voltage of the motor 1 when the motor is dragged in the reverse direction.
The comparison circuit comprises return difference resistors R15 and R16, and the comparator is connected into a positive feedback type.
The current sensor can adopt a Hall current sensor, so that loss is not generated, and isolation between strong current and weak current is good.
Because the regenerative energy generated by the motor in the reverse dragging process can be reversely transmitted to the power bus in the follow current process after T1 and T2 are simultaneously turned off, particularly when the reverse dragging rotating speed is high, the bus voltage is greatly increased, and the danger of breakdown is caused to components in the circuit. The control circuit is provided with a power consumption type overvoltage protection circuit 10, see fig. 5. The comparator COMP2 is integrated inside the single chip microcomputer 11, the Z1 is a Zener diode, the R1 is a current-limiting resistor of the Z1, the Z1 is used for generating a stable reference voltage, and the R2 and the R3 form a voltage divider, so that the divided voltage of the bus voltage on the R3 when the T3 is turned on is equal to the voltage of the Z1; when the bus voltage VM is lower than the action voltage, the voltage at the two ends of the R3 is lower than the voltage at the two ends of the Z1, the comparator COMP2 outputs low level, the T3 is cut off, and no current flows through the R3; when the bus voltage VM is higher than the operating voltage, the voltage across the R3 is higher than the voltage across the Z1, the comparator COMP2 outputs a high level to turn on the T3, and the resistor R3 with a smaller resistance value has a larger current flowing through it, so that the bus voltage is reduced. The energy consumption type overvoltage limiting circuit is not beneficial to energy saving and is only limited to application occasions with small power and small total quantity.
The yarn drum sensor is a UI encoder, a swing rod is arranged on a shaft of the UI encoder, and the swing rod with a tower yellow number is in contact with yarn of the yarn drum. The singlechip (11) can convert the real-time radius of the yarn barrel from the angle of reading the encoder. The greatest advantage of this type of approach is that mutual interference can be avoided. .
A singlechip in the control circuit contains a power-off memory EEPROM to record the actual radius of the bobbin and an armature current signal when the standard bobbin outputs rated tension; the standard yarn barrel is a yarn barrel with a fixed diameter, and a layer of yarn is wound on the yarn surface; during calibration, a standard yarn drum and a tension meter are adopted, a nominal torque value is firstly input through a display setting panel, then the tension meter is used for drawing yarns, deviation is corrected according to the read actual measurement value of the tension meter in a plus or minus mode to enable the measurement value to be consistent with a calibration value, and the single chip microcomputer records the armature current signal and the distance information measured by the sensor at the moment; the single chip microcomputer provides an armature current setting signal to the comparator according to VIN 2-VIN 0 x [ R0- (L-L0) ], wherein VIN0 is an armature current detection signal corresponding to the tension set by the sensor on the standard bobbin, R0 is the radius of the standard bobbin, L is the distance measured by the sensor, and L0 is the distance measured by the sensor on the standard bobbin.
The display setting panel on the control box comprises a tension value display, tension size setting keys, a correction key and a setting confirmation key. When in calibration, when a standard yarn drum is installed and the tension meter is used for pulling yarns, a 'correction' key is pressed, the tension value displayed by a panel is observed, the '+' and '-' keys are pressed to enable the displayed value to be equal to the rated value, and then a 'confirm' key single chip microcomputer is pressed to record the data in the state; the required tension can be set by pressing the "+" and "-" keys during normal use.
The above description is only the most typical embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The data listed are also only intended to describe the working principle of the invention and do not represent necessary values. Any equivalent changes or substitutions which can be easily made by those skilled in the art of fiber winding and three-dimensional weaving and which are within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A constant-tension yarn feeder is characterized by comprising a motor (1), an expansion shaft (3), a distance measuring sensor (4), a control box (2) and a yarn drum core (5); the expansion shaft (3) is coaxially arranged on an output shaft of the motor (1) and can rotate together with the motor shaft, the yarn drum core (5) is sleeved outside the expansion shaft (3), the control box (2) is arranged on the machine body of the motor (1), the distance measuring sensor (4) is arranged on one side of the control box (2) close to the yarn drum core (5), and the detection direction of the distance measuring sensor is opposite to the yarn drum core (5); the control box (2) is used for adjusting the output torque of the motor (1) through the collected data of the distance measuring sensor (4).
2. A constant tension yarn feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that a control circuit is arranged in the control box (2), and the control circuit comprises a switching power supply (9), a single chip microcomputer (11), a comparator circuit (16), an upper MOSFET driver (17), a lower MOSFET driver (18), a constant current source main circuit (12), a current sensor (19) and an overvoltage protection circuit (10); the distance measuring sensor (4) and the comparator circuit (16) are connected to the single chip microcomputer (11), and the output of the comparator circuit (16) is respectively connected with the upper MOSFET driver (17) and the lower MOSFET driver (18); the upper MOSFET driver (17) and the lower MOSFET driver (18) are both connected to a constant current source main circuit (12), and the constant current source main circuit (12) is connected to the motor (1); a current sensor (19) is also arranged between the comparator circuit (16) and the output of the constant current source main circuit (12); the switching power supply (9) provides a high-power supply for the main circuit (12) and provides a low-voltage control power supply for the control circuit, the overvoltage protection circuit (10) is connected to the switching power supply (9) and used for preventing bus overvoltage, and the current sensor (19) is used for detecting current passing through an armature of the motor (1); the distance measuring sensor adopts an ultrasonic distance measuring sensor.
3. A constant tension yarn feeder as in claim 2, characterised in that in the comparator circuit (16) the input + of the comparator COMP1 is connected to the analogue output of the given current output of the single chip microcomputer (11) and the input-of the comparator is connected to the output of the current sensor (19).
4. A constant tension yarn supply as in claim 3 wherein the comparator circuit further includes return resistors R15 and R16, the comparator being connected in a positive feedback configuration.
5. A constant tension yarn feeder as in claim 2 wherein the MOSFET driver comprises two totem pole output drivers, wherein the upper MOSFET driver (17) further comprises a bootstrap capacitor and a fast recovery diode and under-voltage protection circuit; the constant current source main circuit (12) is a switching circuit and comprises two MOSFETs: t1, T2 and two fast recovery diodes D1, D2, T1, T2 are respectively connected in series with two ends of the motor winding L1, the cathode of D1 in the two fast recovery diodes is connected with the motor winding L1+, the anode is connected with the power supply cathode GND, the cathode of D2 is connected with the power supply bus anode, and the anode is connected with the motor winding L1-.
6. A constant tension yarn feeder as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the output voltage of the switching power supply (9) is higher than the highest generated voltage of the motor when it is drawn in reverse.
7. A constant tension yarn supply as in claim 1, wherein the overvoltage protection circuit (10) is a power-consuming resistor switch circuit, consuming excess power from the main circuit dc bus through a resistor.
8. A constant tension yarn feeder as in claim 1, characterised in that the overvoltage protection circuit (10) is an energy feedback unit, in particular a DC-AC inverter circuit, converting the excess electrical energy of the main circuit DC bus into an alternating current with the same frequency as the input power supply and feeding it back to the grid.
9. A constant tension yarn feeder as in claim 2, wherein the single-chip microcomputer (11) is further connected to a display (13) and a key board (15).
10. A control method of a constant tension yarn feeder, characterized in that a constant tension yarn feeder according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the steps of:
the signal voltage VIN2 output by the single chip microcomputer is the given current, and the signal voltage VIN1 output by the current sensor corresponds to the armature current of the motor; providing control signals for the driving circuits of the switching elements T1 and T2 of the constant current source switching circuit through a comparator circuit with a return difference; when VIN2 is greater than VIN1+ V δ, the output voltage VO of the comparator COMP1 is at a high level, and T1 and T2 are turned on; when VIN2 < VIN1+ V delta, the output voltage VO of the comparator COMP1 is at low level, and T1 and T2 are turned off; v delta is the return difference voltage of the comparison circuit;
the singlechip contains a power-off memory EEPROM to record the actual radius of the bobbin and an armature current signal when the standard bobbin outputs rated tension; the standard yarn barrel is a yarn barrel with a fixed diameter, and a layer of yarn is wound on the yarn surface; during calibration, a standard yarn drum and a tension meter are adopted, a nominal torque value is firstly input through a display setting panel, then the tension meter is used for drawing yarns, deviation is corrected according to the read actual measurement value of the tension meter in a plus or minus mode to enable the measurement value to be consistent with a calibration value, and the single chip microcomputer records the armature current signal and the distance information measured by the sensor at the moment; the single chip microcomputer provides an armature current setting signal to the comparator according to VIN 2-VIN 0 x [ R0- (L-L0) ], wherein VIN0 is an armature current detection signal corresponding to the tension set by the sensor on the standard bobbin, R0 is the radius of the standard bobbin, L is the distance measured by the sensor, and L0 is the distance measured by the sensor on the standard bobbin.
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