CN115036685A - Trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna - Google Patents
Trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN115036685A CN115036685A CN202210655690.9A CN202210655690A CN115036685A CN 115036685 A CN115036685 A CN 115036685A CN 202210655690 A CN202210655690 A CN 202210655690A CN 115036685 A CN115036685 A CN 115036685A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna, and belongs to the field of microwave antenna design. The antenna is of a left-right mirror symmetry structure and comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch, a microstrip feeder, two square empty slots and two reconfigurable units, wherein the radiation patch, the microstrip feeder, the two square empty slots and the two reconfigurable units are arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate; the square empty slots are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the microstrip feeder line and used for detachably placing the reconfigurable unit; the reconfigurable unit comprises a dielectric plate and an open resonant ring on the front surface of the dielectric plate, and the open resonant ring is provided with a gap for welding the varactor. The antenna has the advantages that the electrical reconfiguration and the manual reconfiguration are combined, the antenna has the functions of generating, removing and moving the trapped wave simultaneously by replacing the reconfigurable unit and adjusting the capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode on the reconfigurable unit, and the antenna has the characteristic of moving the trapped wave broadband.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microwave antenna design, and particularly relates to a trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna.
Background
With the rapid development of communication technology, Ultra Wideband (UWB) systems have gained attention and interest from researchers. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) opens frequency resources with 3.1-10.6 GH bandwidth of 7500MHz for ultra wide band devices. For the development of UWB systems, the design of UWB antennas is of great significance. The working frequency band of the UWB communication system comprises a plurality of civil narrow-band communication frequency bands, such as satellite broadcast C-band uplink/downlink frequency bands (5.925-6.425\3.7-4.2GHz), local area network WLAN frequency bands (5.15-5.35GHz, 5.725-5.85GHz) and satellite communication X-band uplink/downlink frequency bands (7.9-8.4/7.25-7.75 GHz). Because the narrow-band communication system occupies part of the frequency band of the ultra-wideband, mutual interference between the narrow-band communication frequency band and the ultra-wideband system is inevitably caused, and therefore the UWB antenna with the trapped wave characteristic has certain research value.
In antenna design, many approaches may be made to notch the antenna, including etching geometric slots, adding parasitic elements, or shorting stubs. However, these notch bands are fixed and the antenna must be redesigned when they need to be removed or changed. Some researchers have proposed notch reconfigurable antennas, some of which can implement switching control of the notch and some of which can continuously shift the notch operating frequency band within a limited range. As in references "Ahmed s. elkoray, Ghidaa t. Ahmed, Hesham a. mohamed and Zeinab f. elshirkawy," configurable band not notch but not welded ultra-wide band used variable diodes, "Microsystem Technologies, vol.27, pp.2695-2703,2021", the authors propose loading varactors on the building blocks to achieve continuous movement of the notch operating band, but the movement range of the notch is limited and the notch cannot be removed. Also as In the references "J.Sun, H.Jing, H.Zhou, Y.Wang, P.Wang and Y.Qin." Design of a Reconfigurable Band-Notch SWB Antenna, "Progress In electromagnetic Research Letters, vol.99, pp.1-9,2021", the authors propose to make a slot In the Antenna for placing a piece of resonant ring dielectric made of dielectric sheets of different dielectric constants. Through changing the resonant ring dielectric piece, the trapped wave of antenna has realized that the trapped wave removes, and can remove the trapped wave when not loading resonant ring dielectric piece. However, if this manually reconfigurable method is used to achieve a continuous movement of the notch over a wider frequency band, a large number of different resonant ring dielectric slabs need to be designed, resulting in a large amount of manufacturing cost. How to make the UWB antenna have the functions of generating and removing the notch and continuously moving in a wide range at low cost is an important research breakthrough direction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna, which has the functions of trapped wave generation, removal and broadband movement at the same time in a mode of combining manual reconfiguration and electrical reconfiguration.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch, a microstrip feeder, two square empty slots and two reconfigurable units, wherein the radiation patch, the microstrip feeder, the two square empty slots and the two reconfigurable units are arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate; the trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna is of a left-right mirror symmetry structure;
the microstrip feed line is characterized in that the square empty slots are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the microstrip feed line;
the reconfigurable unit is detachably placed in the square empty groove;
the reconfigurable unit comprises a dielectric plate and an opening resonance ring arranged on the front surface of the dielectric plate, and a gap is arranged at the position opposite to the opening of the opening resonance ring and used for welding the varactor.
Further, the open resonant ring is a rectangular open resonant ring, and the open position is a central position of the metal arm adjacent to the microstrip feed line.
Furthermore, the opening of the rectangular opening resonance ring is provided with a transverse branch which is bent inwards.
Further, the design method of the reconfigurable unit comprises the following steps:
s1, setting the initial size of a reconfigurable unit to be placed on two sides of a microstrip feeder line in a matched mode;
s2, selecting an open base resonant ring structure, setting an initial size, and calculating the equivalent perimeter L of the open base resonant ring structure;
s3, determining a center frequency f according to the integral frequency band to be moved by the trapped wave; calculating the relative dielectric constant epsilon of the dielectric plate of the reconfigurable unit by the formula (2) r ；
Where f is the center frequency of the notch position, c is the speed of light, ε r Is the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material;
selecting a dielectric material with a corresponding relative dielectric constant as a dielectric plate of the reconfigurable unit;
s4, arranging a gap on the opposite side of the opening basic resonant ring structure for loading the variable capacitance diode;
s5, establishing an initial model of the trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna and performing simulation optimization, and if the trapped wave can move in the whole frequency band, finishing the design to obtain a final model of the trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna; if not, the center frequencies of the uncovered bands on both sides are substituted into the formula (2), and the process returns to S3.
Furthermore, the microstrip feed line is a rectangular microstrip feed line with characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, one end of which is a feed port, and the other end of which is connected with a radiation patch.
Furthermore, the radiation patch is a rectangular patch, wherein two right angles corresponding to the connection part of the rectangular patch and the microstrip feeder line are subjected to corner cutting treatment to expand the bandwidth.
Furthermore, the ground plate is a trapezoidal patch, and a rectangular notch is formed in one side of the upper bottom of the trapezoidal patch.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna provided by the invention enables the antenna to have the functions of notch generation, removal and movement, and can realize notch movement in a wider frequency band range in a combined mode of electrical reconfiguration and manual reconfiguration. When the reconfigurable unit is not placed on the antenna, the antenna is in a trap-free mode; when the reconfigurable unit is placed on the antenna, the antenna is in a notch mode. In the trap mode, the trapped wave can continuously move within a certain range by adjusting the capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode on the reconfigurable unit, the capacitance value is increased, and the trapped wave frequency band moves to a low frequency; by replacing the reconfigurable unit made of the dielectric plates with different dielectric constants, the moving range of the trapped wave can be further expanded, the dielectric constant is increased, and the trapped wave frequency band moves to a low frequency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna in an embodiment of the invention (without a reconfigurable unit).
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a notch reconfigurable ultra wide band antenna (a reconfigurable unit is placed) in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a reconfigurable unit structure in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a standing wave ratio curve diagram of simulation of a non-notched mode and a notched mode of a notched reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a standing wave ratio curve diagram of a trapped wave moving simulation of a trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna adjusting varactor capacitance value in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a standing wave ratio graph of a notch moving simulation of a notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna replacement reconfigurable unit in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a standing wave ratio graph of a notch moving simulation of the notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna in the embodiment of the invention in an application context.
Detailed Description
The technical solution and effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings.
The notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna is used for shielding an uplink frequency band (5.925 to 6.425GHz) of a satellite broadcast C-band, a WLAN frequency band (5.15 to 5.35GHz and 5.725 to 5.85GHz) or an uplink/downlink frequency band (7.9 to 8.4/7.25 to 7.75GHz) of a satellite X-band. As shown in fig. 1-3, the antenna structure is a left-right mirror symmetry structure, and includes a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch disposed on the front side of the dielectric substrate, a microstrip feeder, two square slots, two reconfigurable units, and a ground plate disposed on the back side of the dielectric substrate.
Wherein the dielectric substrate is selected from FR4, dielectric constant is 4.3, and antenna size is 18 × 16 × 1.6mm 3 。
The microstrip feeder is a rectangular microstrip feeder with characteristic impedance of 50 omega, the length of the microstrip feeder is 6mm, the width of the microstrip feeder is 1.8mm, the microstrip feeder is aligned with the bottom of the front surface of the dielectric substrate in the middle, one end of the microstrip feeder is a feed port, and the other end of the microstrip feeder is connected with the radiation patch.
The radiation patch is a rectangular patch subjected to corner cutting treatment, and the rectangular patch is 11mm long and 7mm wide; and two right angles corresponding to the connection part of the rectangular patch and the microstrip feeder line are subjected to corner cutting treatment to expand the working bandwidth, the width of the connection part is the same as that of the microstrip feeder line, and the length of the cut triangular bottom side is 2 mm.
The ground plate is an isosceles trapezoid patch, the height of the ground plate is 4mm, the length of the upper bottom of the isosceles trapezoid patch is 11mm, the length of the lower bottom of the isosceles trapezoid patch is 16mm, a rectangular notch is formed in one side of the upper bottom of the isosceles trapezoid patch, the length of the rectangular notch is 3.5mm, and the width of the rectangular notch is 1 mm.
The two reconfigurable units are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the microstrip feeder line, and square empty slots are arranged for detachably placing the reconfigurable units.
The reconfigurable unit comprises a rectangular dielectric plate and a rectangular opening resonance ring arranged on the front surface of the dielectric plate, wherein the opening position of the reconfigurable unit is the central position of a metal arm adjacent to the microstrip feeder line, a transverse branch which is bent inwards is arranged at the opening, and a gap is arranged on the opposite side of the opening and used for welding the varactor.
The design process of the reconfigurable unit in this embodiment is as follows:
s1, setting the initial size of the reconfigurable unit to be 4.1 multiplied by 1.5mm 3 And the microstrip feed lines are arranged on two sides of the microstrip feed lines in a matching mode.
S2, selecting an open-ended basic resonant ring structure and setting an initial size, selecting a square open-ended resonant ring in the embodiment, wherein an inward-bent transverse branch is arranged at an opening, the outer side length of the transverse branch is 4mm, the inner side length of the transverse branch is 3.5mm, an opening gap is 0.4mm, and the inward-bent transverse branch at the opening is 1 mm. Calculating the equivalent perimeter L of the open-ended fundamental resonant ring structure by the formula (1);
L＝4×[(L 1 +L 2 )/2]-W+2×L 3 (1)
wherein L is 1 Is the outer side length, L 2 Is the length of the inner side, W is the width of the opening gap, L 3 Is the length of the transverse branch.
S3, determining the central frequency f to be 6.775GHz according to the integral frequency band to be moved by the trapped wave; calculating the relative dielectric constant epsilon of the dielectric plate of the reconfigurable unit by the formula (2) r 2.558, therefore, Rogers RT5880 with a relative permittivity of 2.2 was chosen as the dielectric plate of the reconfigurable cell among the existing materials.
Where f is the center frequency of the notch position, c is the speed of light, ε r Is the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material.
S4, a gap is arranged on the opposite side of an opening of the opening basic resonant ring structure and used for loading a variable capacitance diode, the type of the variable capacitance diode is SMV2020-079LF, the change of a capacitance value of 3.2-0.48 pF can be realized by applying voltage of 0-12V, and welding spots are arranged according to packaging.
S5, establishing an initial model of the trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna and performing simulation optimization, wherein the moving range of the trapped wave cannot cover the whole frequency band, so that the center frequency 5.920GHz of the left uncovered frequency band is substituted into the formula (2), the relative dielectric constant 3.660 is obtained through calculation, and Rogers RO3003 with the dielectric constant of 3 is selected from the existing materials to serve as a dielectric plate of a second group of reconfigurable units; simulating again, determining that the central frequency of a frequency band which cannot be covered by the notch moving range is 5.575GHz, substituting the central frequency into the formula (2), calculating to obtain a relative dielectric constant 4.254, and selecting Rogers RO4360 with the dielectric constant of 6.15 in the existing material as a dielectric slab of a third group of reconfigurable units; the notches can be moved in the whole frequency band by three groups of reconfigurable units.
As shown in fig. 4, when the square empty slot of the antenna is empty, the antenna is in a non-notch mode, and the operating frequency band of the antenna is: 3.07-12.72GHz, when a group of reconfigurable units are placed in the square empty slot of the antenna, the antenna is in a wave trapping mode, and then a wave is trapped. This method enables the antenna to have notch generation and removal switching functions.
As shown in fig. 5, when the antenna square cavity is used to place a reconfigurable element with a dielectric plate dielectric constant of 6.15, the antenna is in a notch mode. At this time, the capacitance value of the varactor diode is adjusted, and the notch operating frequency band is shifted. As the capacitance increases, the notch operating band moves to a low frequency location. The moving range of the notch central frequency is 5.06-5.68GHz, and the coverable frequency range is 4.73-6.45 GHz.
As shown in fig. 6, the reconfigurable unit made of dielectric plates with different dielectric constants is placed into the square slot of the antenna for simulation, and the operating band of the trapped wave is shifted, while the capacitance of the varactor is kept unchanged. With the increase of the dielectric constant of the reconfigurable unit dielectric plate, the trapped wave working frequency band moves to a low-frequency position. The moving range of the notch central frequency is expanded to 5.06-7.57GHz, and the coverable frequency range is 4.73-8.63 GHz.
In combination with the two ways shown in fig. 5 and 6, the antenna can extend the range over which the notch can move continuously.
As shown in fig. 7, when two close narrowband communication frequency bands need to be shielded and switched, the capacitance value of the varactor can be directly adjusted, for example, when a reconfigurable unit with a dielectric constant of 6.15 is placed in a trap mode, the capacitance value of the varactor is adjusted to be 0.48pF, the trap operating frequency band is 5.39-6.45GHz, and the uplink frequency band (5.925-6.425GHz) of the satellite broadcast C-band can be shielded; when the capacitance value of the varactor is adjusted to be 1.03pF, the notch working frequency band is 4.98-6.12GHz, and the WLAN frequency bands (5.15-5.35GHz and 5.725-5.85GHz) can be shielded. When two narrow-band communication frequency bands far away from each other need to be shielded and switched, replacement of reconfigurable units with different dielectric constants can be achieved, for example, in the case of the shielded WLAN frequency band, a reconfigurable unit with a dielectric constant of 2.2 is replaced, a capacitance value of a varactor diode is adjusted to be 0.48pF, and a notch frequency band of 8.63-7.24GHz can be generated to shield an uplink/downlink frequency band (7.9-8.4/7.25-7.75GHz) of a satellite X-band.
Claims (7)
1. A trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch, a microstrip feeder, two square empty slots and two reconfigurable units, wherein the radiation patch, the microstrip feeder, the two square empty slots and the two reconfigurable units are arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate; the trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna is of a left-right mirror symmetry structure;
the microstrip feed line is characterized in that the square empty slots are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the microstrip feed line;
the reconfigurable unit is detachably placed in the square empty groove;
the reconfigurable unit comprises a dielectric plate and an opening resonance ring arranged on the front surface of the dielectric plate, and a gap is arranged at the position opposite to the opening of the opening resonance ring and used for welding the varactor.
2. The notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the open resonating ring is a rectangular open resonating ring and the open position is a center position of the metal arm adjacent to the microstrip feed line.
3. The notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein the opening of the rectangular open resonator loop is provided with a transverse branch bent inwards.
4. A notch reconfigurable ultra wide band antenna according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reconfigurable unit is designed by a method comprising:
s1, setting the initial size of a reconfigurable unit to be placed on two sides of a microstrip feeder line in a matched mode;
s2, selecting an open base resonant ring structure, giving an initial size, and calculating the equivalent perimeter L of the open base resonant ring structure;
s3, determining a center frequency f according to the integral frequency band to be moved by the trapped wave; calculating the relative dielectric constant epsilon of the dielectric plate of the reconfigurable unit according to the formula (2) r ；
Wherein f is the center frequency of the notch position, c is the speed of light, ε r Is the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material;
selecting a dielectric material with a corresponding relative dielectric constant as a dielectric plate of the reconfigurable unit;
s4, arranging a gap on the opposite side of the opening basic resonant ring structure for loading the variable capacitance diode;
s5, establishing an initial model of the trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna and performing simulation optimization, and if the trapped wave can move in the whole frequency band, finishing the design to obtain a final model of the trapped wave reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna; if not, the center frequencies of the uncovered bands on both sides are substituted into the formula (2), and the process returns to S3.
5. The notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 4, wherein the microstrip feed line is a rectangular microstrip feed line with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, and has a feed port at one end and a radiating patch at the other end.
6. The notch reconfigurable ultra wide band antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein the radiating patch is a rectangular patch, and two right angles corresponding to the connection of the rectangular patch and the microstrip feed line are subjected to corner cutting processing.
7. The notch reconfigurable ultra wide band antenna as claimed in claim 6, wherein the ground plane is a trapezoidal patch, and a rectangular notch is formed at a side of an upper bottom of the trapezoidal patch.
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