CN115036147A - Stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 p-isooctyl phenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013504 Triton X-100 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/48—Conductive polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage. The super capacitor comprises hydrogel electrodes which are wound mutually in a spiral line shape and gel electrolyte attached to the surfaces of the hydrogel electrodes; the hydrogel electrode is obtained by the cross-linking reaction of a conductive polymer and an additive. The stretchable linear conductive hydrogel electrode is prepared by the physical crosslinking action of the additive and the conductive polymer, and then the prepared electrode is soaked in gel electrolyte and assembled into the full-gel supercapacitor with the spiral linear structure. The super capacitor prepared by the invention has the characteristics of excellent electrochemical performance, intrinsic stretchability, simple structure, random deformation and weaving and the like, and can be used as an energy storage device in wearable equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and particularly relates to a stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
One-dimensional Supercapacitors (SCs) have become a potential driver of emerging electronic products in recent years due to their unique advantages in energy storage and mechanical flexibility.
So far, most of the electrodes of the linear SCs deposit conductive material on the linear fabric, which not only increases the extra mass of the device, but also greatly reduces the capacitance of the linear SCs and reduces the power density and energy density thereof because the substrate itself cannot provide electrical help; the linear SCs assembled by the electrode not only easily generate slippage when the device is bent, but also the contact resistance between the electrode and an electrolyte is increased; in addition, due to the presence of the fabric substrate, the linear SCs prepared in this way have no stretchability in a flat state, thereby limiting practical applications in flexible wearable devices.
In order to construct SCs with high performance, large deformation, stretchability, small size, light weight and high integration, stretchable linear full-gel SCs are a viable and feasible technical solution. The key challenge is to develop a linear hydrogel electrode material with high carrier mobility, large accessible surface area and intrinsic stretchability.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof, which have the characteristics of excellent electrochemical performance, intrinsic stretchability, simple structure, random deformation and weaving and the like, and can be used as an energy storage device in wearable equipment.
The technical scheme is as follows: a stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor comprises hydrogel electrodes which are wound mutually in a spiral linear manner and gel electrolyte attached to the surfaces of the hydrogel electrodes; the hydrogel electrode is obtained by a cross-linking reaction of a conductive polymer and an additive, wherein the additive is one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol p-isooctyl phenyl ether, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and a fluorine surfactant.
Preferably, the conductive polymer is one or more of polythiophene, polypyrrole and polyaniline.
Preferably, the gel electrolyte is an organic electrolyte.
A preparation method of a stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor comprises the following steps:
(1) adding an additive into a conductive polymer, and stirring to obtain a conductive polymer mixed solution;
(2) heating the prepared conductive polymer mixed solution to induce physical crosslinking to prepare conductive hydrogel;
(3) preparing the prepared conductive hydrogel into a linear hydrogel electrode;
(4) and soaking the prepared hydrogel electrode with a gel electrolyte, and mutually winding the hydrogel electrode into a spiral full-gel supercapacitor.
Preferably, the mass of the additive in the step (1) is 1-40% of the conductive polymer mixed solution.
Preferably, the heating temperature in the step (2) is 25-130 ℃.
Preferably, the heating time in the step (2) is 1-24 h.
Preferably, the specific preparation manner of step (3) is one or more of 3D printing, wet spinning and physical separation.
Has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional linear electrode prepared by depositing an active material on a fibrous textile material, the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor prepared by the invention has the advantages that all components are gel, no other substrate is included, and the volume and the weight of the device are reduced; meanwhile, the prepared electrode material has intrinsic stretchable property, so that the whole device is simple in structure, high in material utilization rate, green, environment-friendly and low in cost; the whole gel component of the super capacitor can ensure that the electrode has excellent adhesion between electrolytes, can avoid interlayer slippage which is easy to generate when the electrode is bent or twisted in the actual use process, and has the characteristics of good mechanical stability, compliance and the like; in addition, the full gel line structure of the device can utilize the surface area of an electrode to the maximum extent to enlarge the storage of interface ion adsorption charges, thereby increasing the electrochemical performance of the super capacitor; the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor prepared by the method has the characteristics of being capable of being woven, highly integrated and the like, and has a huge application prospect in the field of future flexible electronic wearable devices.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor, wherein A and B are hydrogel working electrodes, and C is a gel electrolyte;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor prepared according to the present invention, wherein A and B are hydrogel working electrodes, and C is a gel electrolyte;
FIG. 3 is a drawing showing stretchable wire-like hydrogel electrodes of different sizes obtained in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a woven display of a stretchable wire-like hydrogel electrode made according to example 1;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor made in example 2 under different deformation states;
FIG. 6 is a Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) plot for the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor made in example 2;
FIG. 7 is a graph of constant current charge and discharge (GCD) for the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor made in example 2;
FIG. 8 is a graph of Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) curves for various tensile states of the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor made in example 2;
FIG. 9 is a Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) plot for the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor made in example 3;
FIG. 10 is a graph of constant current charge and discharge (GCD) for the stretchable wire-like full-gel supercapacitor made in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
4.416 g of PEDOT (PSS) is added into 0.384 g of Ethylene Glycol (EG), and after the mixture is mixed evenly, 0.2 g of Triton X-100 is added to obtain a mixed solution of the PEDOT (PSS); dripping and casting the uniformly mixed PEDOT and PSS mixed solution into a mould, then placing the mould into a 40 ℃ air-blast drying oven for 12 hours, and then annealing the mould for 30 minutes at 130 ℃ to obtain a film-shaped PEDOT and PSS hydrogel; the obtained PEDOT/PSS hydrogel in the form of a film was physically cut to prepare about 50 pieces
m，100 
m，150 
m，200 
m stretchable wire-like hydrogel electrodes of different sizes, as shown in fig. 3; the stretchable linear hydrogel electrode can meet the diversity requirements of wearable equipment in the form of weaving and the like, as shown in fig. 4.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the stretchable linear hydrogel electrode prepared in example 1 was assembled into a stretchable linear hydrogel supercapacitor:
1 g of PVA, 1 g of glycerol and 0.6 g of NaCl are added into 10 mL of deionized water, and the mixture is dissolved for 4 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃ to prepare gel-state electrolyte; diameter of 100
m and 8 cm long, two stretchable linear hydrogel electrodes are arranged, the two electrodes are soaked in gel electrolyte and taken out to assemble the full-gel supercapacitor with the spiral linear structure, and the cross section of the full-gel supercapacitor is shown in figure 2.
The prepared stretchable fibrous full-gel supercapacitor has excellent deformation capability, as shown in fig. 5.
The electrochemical activity was characterized by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Galvanostatic Charging and Discharging (GCD) as shown in fig. 6 and 7, respectively. Fig. 6 is a cyclic voltammogram of the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor prepared in example 2 of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the scan speed is from 10 mV s -1 To 200 mV s -1 The shape of the CV curve remains quasi-rectangular. The super capacitor prepared by the method has excellent electrochemical activity and stable performance. FIG. 7 is a graph of constant current charge and discharge for the stretchable supercapacitor made in example 2 of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the current density was from 5 mA g -1 To 25 mA g -1 The shape of the GCD curve is a standard isosceles triangle and is calculated to be 5 mA g -1 、7.5 mA g -1 、10 mA g -1 、25 mA g -1 The mass specific capacitance at current density was 1125 mF g respectively -1 、986mF g -1 、894 mF g -1 And 709 mF g -1 。
The electrochemical activity of the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor of example 2 in the original state and in the stretched state of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% was characterized by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and as shown in fig. 8, the excellent rectangular-like CV curve was maintained, which indicates that the assembled device still has excellent electrochemical stability in the highly stretched state.
Example 3
4.324 g of PEDOT (PSS) is added into 0.276g of Ethylene Glycol (EG), and after uniform mixing, 0.4 g of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) is added to obtain a mixed solution of the PEDOT (PSS); dripping and casting the uniformly mixed PEDOT and PSS mixed solution into a mould, then placing the mould into a 40 ℃ air-blast drying oven for 12 hours, and then annealing the mould for 30 minutes at 130 ℃ to obtain a film-shaped PEDOT and PSS hydrogel; PSS hydrogel was physically cut to prepare a stretchable linear hydrogel electrode.
And then the stretchable linear hydrogel electrodes are assembled into a stretchable linear hydrogel supercapacitor:
1 g of PVA, 1 g of glycerol and 0.6 g of NaCl are added into 10 mL of deionized water, and the mixture is dissolved for 4 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃ to prepare gel-state electrolyte; two stretchable linear hydrogel electrodes with the diameter of 100 mu m and the length of 8 cm are taken, soaked into the gel electrolyte and taken out to be assembled into the full-gel supercapacitor with the spiral linear structure.
The electrochemical activity was characterized by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Galvanostatic Charging and Discharging (GCD) as shown in fig. 9 and 10, respectively. Fig. 9 is a cyclic voltammogram of the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor prepared in example 3 of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 9, the scan speed is from 20 mV s -1 To 200 mV s -1 The shape of the CV curve remains quasi-rectangular. FIG. 10 is a graph of constant current charge and discharge for the stretchable supercapacitor made in example 3 of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 10, the current density is from 5 mA g -1 To 25 mA g -1 GCD Curve shape triangle calculated at 20 mA g -1 、50 mA g -1 、100 mA g -1 Has a mass specific capacitance of 1255 mF g respectively at a current density of -1 、975 mF g -1 、575 mF g -1 。
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can modify or change the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor is characterized by comprising hydrogel electrodes and gel electrolyte, wherein the hydrogel electrodes are wound in a spiral linear manner, and the gel electrolyte is attached to the surfaces of the hydrogel electrodes; the hydrogel electrode is obtained by a cross-linking reaction of a conductive polymer and an additive, wherein the additive is one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol p-isooctyl phenyl ether, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and a fluorine surfactant.
2. The stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer is one or more of polythiophene, polypyrrole and polyaniline.
3. The stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the gel electrolyte is an organic electrolyte.
4. The method for preparing the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding an additive into a conductive polymer, and stirring to obtain a conductive polymer mixed solution;
(2) heating the prepared conductive polymer mixed solution to induce physical crosslinking to prepare conductive hydrogel;
(3) preparing the prepared conductive hydrogel into a linear hydrogel electrode;
(4) and soaking the prepared hydrogel electrode with gel electrolyte, and mutually winding the gel electrolyte into a spiral full-gel supercapacitor.
5. The preparation method of the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor according to claim 4, wherein the mass of the additive in the step (1) is 1-40% of the conductive polymer mixed solution.
6. The method for preparing the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor according to claim 4, wherein the heating temperature in the step (2) is 25-130 ℃.
7. The preparation method of the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor according to claim 4, wherein the heating time in the step (2) is 1-24 h.
8. The method for preparing the stretchable linear full-gel supercapacitor according to claim 4, wherein the step (3) is specifically prepared by one or more of 3D printing, wet spinning and physical separation.
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| CN105914047A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-31 | 南京邮电大学 | Flexible transparent thin-film electrode and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN109824915A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-05-31 | 江西科技师范大学 | A kind of preparation method of high-performance conductive polyalcohol hydrogel |
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