CN115033423A - Dual-computer hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization method, device and equipment - Google Patents

Dual-computer hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization method, device and equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115033423A
CN115033423A CN202210488423.7A CN202210488423A CN115033423A CN 115033423 A CN115033423 A CN 115033423A CN 202210488423 A CN202210488423 A CN 202210488423A CN 115033423 A CN115033423 A CN 115033423A
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China
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synchronization
data block
drbd
bit
bitmap
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罗方利
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New H3C Technologies Co Ltd
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New H3C Technologies Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/14—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation
    • G06F11/1402—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying
    • G06F11/1446—Point-in-time backing up or restoration of persistent data
    • G06F11/1448—Management of the data involved in backup or backup restore
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/22—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using redundant apparatus to increase reliability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/0654—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery
    • H04L41/0663—Performing the actions predefined by failover planning, e.g. switching to standby network elements

Abstract

The invention provides a method, a device and equipment for initializing and synchronizing a dual-computer hot-standby DRBD (distributed data base disk), which are used for improving the efficiency of initializing and synchronizing the DRBD of distributed replication block equipment. When the method is initialized to be synchronous, the corresponding bit of the fast synchronization bitmap is modified to be 1 or 0 according to the existence or nonexistence of data read from a magnetic disk, and whether the synchronization is carried out or not is determined according to the value of the bit. Therefore, when initializing the full synchronization, the whole disk does not need to be synchronized to the peer node, and only the disk block with data needs to be synchronized to the peer node, so that the initialization synchronization efficiency of the DRBD is improved.

Description

Dual-computer hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization method, device and equipment
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a dual-computer hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization method, apparatus, and device.
Background
A Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) management platform provides a plurality of functions such as managing a host, managing Virtual machines, managing storage pools, managing networks, and the like for a user, and the KVM management platform is also required for the Virtual Machine hot migration function to assist in processing. Therefore, it is important that the KVM management platform be stable for a long time, but for various reasons, the KVM platform still fails, and the hot standby technology can quickly restore the management platform to normal.
Distributed Replicated Block Devices (DRBD) is a software-implemented, shared-nothing storage service solution that mirrors the contents of Block devices between servers. The DRBD adopts a data bit mirroring technology, and can realize the function of automatically copying the updated content to the corresponding storage position of the standby node after the data stored in the active node is updated.
DRBD is composed of kernel modules and associated scripts to build a high availability cluster by mirroring the entire device over a network. It allows a user to create a real-time mirror of a local block device on a remote machine for use in conjunction with a heartbeat connection to form a network RAID similar to RAID-1.
DRBD operates in the kernel and, like a driver module, can be used in a High Available (High Available) system. When data is written into the local file system, the data is also sent to another host in the network and recorded in the same form in one file system. The data of the local host (main node) and the remote host (standby node) can be ensured to be synchronized in real time. When the local system fails, the remote host still keeps a copy of the same data and can continue to use the data. The DRBD functionality is used in a highly available system instead of using a shared disk array. Because the data exists on both the local host and the remote host, the remote host can continue to service as long as it uses the backup data on it at the time of the switchover.
When data is written, the data is divided into two parts after reaching the DRBD management module, wherein one part is normally written into a local disk, and the other part is backed up to the slave equipment through a network. The DRBD master-slave mode deployment generally has two nodes, and the configuration of the DRBD includes the steps of: preparing work (configuring network and host information), installing DRBD software, setting configuration files and resources, initializing metadata, loading DRBD, configuring main node synchronous data, creating a file system, and mounting for use. The mount of the file system can be performed only on the Primary master node, and therefore, only on the Primary master node can read and write.
The dual-computer hot standby system is characterized in that two hosts form a main-standby environment, a KVM management platform can be operated on the main-standby environment, only the KVM management platform on the main node provides service under normal conditions, and when the main node fails, the KVM management platform on the standby node is switched to, and the standby node provides service again. The dual-computer hot standby function is realized based on a data synchronous copying mode, the data synchronization between the main node and the standby node is realized by adopting a DRBD storage copying solution, and when the data of the main server changes, the data change can be synchronized to the standby server in real time, so that the data consistency between the main server and the standby server is ensured.
When dual-computer hot standby is deployed, configuration of the DRBD needs to be performed. The primary node and the secondary node are not divided during configuration, the primary node and the secondary node of two nodes need to be set, the primary node is configured, the command is executed to initialize the full-scale synchronization once, the primary node and the secondary node are synchronized into real time/real time, and then the role can be changed. If the KVM virtual machine management platform adopts a hot standby mechanism, when deploying and configuring the DRBD, the host node needs to initialize full synchronization on the entire block of disks, and all DRBD data on the designated host node is synchronized to the standby node regardless of whether the DRBD block of disks has data, which results in long synchronization time and slow deployment time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method, an apparatus, and a device for dual-computer hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization, which are used to improve the initialization synchronization efficiency of a distributed replicated block device DRBD.
Based on one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention provides a dual-server hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization method, which is applied to a source node for initialization synchronization, and the method includes:
initializing a generation identifier of a Distributed Replication Block Device (DRBD);
carrying out full-disk data block scanning on the DRBD, setting a bit position corresponding to a data block with data in a DRBD fast synchronization bitmap to be 1, and setting a bit position corresponding to a data block without data in the DRBD fast synchronization bitmap to be 0; wherein, binary bit 1 represents to be synchronized, and 0 represents not to be synchronized;
an initialization synchronization is performed.
Further, the initializing synchronization includes:
synchronizing the fast synchronization bitmap of the source node to the destination node;
the source node reads the corresponding data block with bit 1 and synchronizes the read data block to the destination node according to the local terminal fast synchronization bitmap; and when the bit in the fast synchronization bitmap is 0, skipping the data block corresponding to the bit with 0, and not sending the data block corresponding to the bit with 0 to the destination node.
Further, the initializing synchronization includes:
receiving a request synchronization message sent by a destination node, wherein the request synchronization message comprises a data block identifier of a data block which is judged to be unsynchronized successfully by the destination node;
and the source node reads the corresponding data block on the source node according to the data block identifier in the request synchronization message and synchronizes the read data block to the destination node.
Based on the embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further provides a dual-computer hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization method, which is applied to a destination node of initialization synchronization, and the method includes:
the destination node receives the fast synchronization bitmap sent by the source node and updates the local fast synchronization bitmap;
when receiving a synchronous message sent by a source node, analyzing the synchronous message to obtain a data block therein, and updating a bit corresponding to the data block in the synchronous message in a local fast synchronization bitmap to be 0.
Further, the method further comprises:
before finishing initialization synchronization, when a destination node judges that unsynchronized data blocks exist according to whether all local fast synchronization bitmaps are 0 or not, a request synchronization message is sent to a source node, wherein the request synchronization message comprises data block identifiers of the data blocks judged to be unsynchronized successfully by the destination node, so that the source node sends the unsynchronized data blocks.
Based on the embodiment of the invention, a dual-computer hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization apparatus, which is applied to a source node for initialization synchronization, includes:
the initialization module is used for initializing a generation identifier of the distributed replication block device DRBD;
the full disk scanning module is used for scanning full disk data blocks of the DRBD, setting bit positions corresponding to data blocks with data in the DRBD fast synchronization bitmap to be 1, and setting bit positions corresponding to data blocks without data in the DRBD fast synchronization bitmap to be 0; wherein, binary bit 1 represents to be synchronized, and 0 represents not to be synchronized;
and the synchronization module is used for executing initialization synchronization.
Further, the synchronization module includes:
the bitmap synchronization module is used for synchronizing the fast synchronization bitmap of the source node to the destination node;
the data synchronization module is used for reading the corresponding data block with the bit 1 and synchronizing the read data block to the destination node according to the local terminal fast synchronization bitmap; and when the bit in the fast synchronization bitmap is 0, skipping the data block corresponding to the bit with 0, and not sending the data block corresponding to the bit with 0 to the destination node.
Furthermore, the synchronization module is further configured to receive a request synchronization packet sent by the destination node, read a corresponding data block on the source node according to a data block identifier in the request synchronization packet, and synchronize the read data block to the destination node; and the request synchronization message comprises the data block identification of the data block which is judged as the data block which is not successfully synchronized by the destination node.
When the method is initialized to be synchronous, the corresponding bit of the fast synchronization bitmap is modified to be 1 or 0 according to the existence or nonexistence of data read from a magnetic disk, and whether the synchronization is carried out or not is determined according to the value of the bit. Therefore, when initializing the full synchronization, the whole disk does not need to be synchronized to the peer node, and only the disk block with data needs to be synchronized to the peer node, thereby improving the initialization synchronization efficiency of the DRBD.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart illustrating steps of a dual-computer hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a DRBD data storage structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device implementing the dual-computer hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization method provided in the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the embodiments of the invention. As used in this embodiment of the invention, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term "and/or" as used herein is meant to encompass any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various information in embodiments of the present invention, such information should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, the first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of embodiments of the present invention. Depending on the context, moreover, the word "if" as used may be interpreted as "at … …" or "at … …" or "in response to a determination.
The invention aims to improve the efficiency of DRBD initialization full-quantity synchronization aiming at a hot standby mechanism of a KVM management platform, and further improve the efficiency of dual-computer hot standby deployment.
Fig. 1 is a schematic step flow diagram of a dual-server hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which data synchronization between a main node and a standby node is implemented by using a DRBD mechanism, and when DRBD data of a main node changes, the data change is synchronized to the DRBD of the standby node in real time, so as to ensure data consistency of dual-server hot-standby service. When a dual-computer hot standby system is deployed, configuration of DRBD needs to be carried out, primary and secondary nodes are appointed, and an initialization full-volume synchronization flow between the DRBD of the primary node and the DRBD of the secondary node is triggered after an initialization full-volume synchronization command is executed on a main node. The method steps described in fig. 1 are applied to a master node, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 101, initializing a generation identifier of a distributed replication block device DRBD;
after the master node DRBD establishes network connection with the slave node DRBD, the master node triggers and executes full-volume synchronization operation between the master node DRBD and the slave node DRBD by issuing a full-volume synchronization instruction.
After triggering the full-scale synchronization process, it is first necessary to initialize a generation identifier, and the DRBD uses the generation identifier (GI tuple) to determine the "generation" of the copied data. The DRBD can determine the fact that two nodes do not belong to the same cluster through the generation identifier, determine the direction of synchronization upon resynchronization, determine whether a full resynchronization or partial resynchronization occurred, and confirm whether split brain occurred.
The DRBD stores various information about data it holds, referred to as DRBD metadata, in a dedicated area. DRBD metadata typically includes: size of DRBD device, generation identifier, activity log, fast synchronization Bitmap (Bitmap), etc., DRBD metadata may be stored internally or externally to the DRBD.
Step 102, carrying out full disk data block scanning on the DRBD;
step 103, judging whether the data block stores data or not according to each data block, if so, executing step 104, otherwise, executing step 105;
104, setting the bit position corresponding to the data block with data in the DRBD fast synchronization bitmap to be 1;
105, setting the bit position corresponding to the data block without data in the DRBD fast synchronization bitmap to be 0;
the fast synchronization bitmap is an internal data structure used by the DRBD on a per resource per peer basis to track whether data blocks are in sync or out of sync. In the fast synchronization bitmap, one bit corresponds to a data block of a preset size (e.g., 4KB) in the DRBD, and if one bit is set to 0, it means that the data block corresponding to the bit is synchronized with the peer node or does not need to send the data block for synchronization. Conversely, if a bit is set to 1, meaning that the data block to which the bit corresponds has data or is modified, the data block needs to be synchronized to the destination node, requiring resynchronization as soon as the connection is available again.
Step 106, judging whether the scanning of all the data blocks is finished, if so, executing step 107, otherwise, returning to step 103 to execute the scanning of the next data block;
and step 107, performing initialization synchronization.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a DRBD data storage structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which as shown in the diagram, the DRBD metadata includes a generation identifier and a fast synchronization bitmap, the fast synchronization bitmap stores a mapping relationship between data blocks (or called block data) and corresponding bits, a bit position corresponding to an empty data block where no data is stored is 0, and a bit position of a data block where data is stored is 1.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when performing initialization synchronization, the DRBD determines a total data set to be synchronized according to a fast synchronization bitmap of a synchronization source node, and determines a synchronization direction according to a DRBD generation identifier.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for performing initialization synchronization, i.e. full-scale synchronization, includes the steps of:
step 1071, the source node DRBD synchronizes the source node fast synchronization bitmap to the destination node;
step 1072, the source node DRBD reads the corresponding data block with bit 1 according to the local fast synchronization bitmap and synchronizes the read data block to the destination node; when the bit in the fast synchronization bitmap is 0, skipping the data block corresponding to the bit of 0, and not sending the corresponding data block to the destination node, thereby avoiding transmitting a large amount of data blocks without actual data and greatly saving network transmission time.
Step 1073, the destination node receives the fast synchronization bitmap sent by the source node and updates the local fast synchronization bitmap;
step 1074, when receiving the synchronous message sent by the source node, analyzing the synchronous message to obtain the data block therein, and updating the bit corresponding to the data block in the synchronous message in the local fast synchronization bitmap to be 0.
The source node does not send the data block with bit 0 in the fast synchronization bitmap, and only sends the data block with data to the destination node, so that the destination node only receives the data block with data, and the destination node indicates that the data block is synchronized with the corresponding bit position 0 in the local fast synchronization bitmap every time the destination node receives one data block. When the full synchronization is successfully completed, the bits corresponding to all data blocks in the fast synchronization bitmap of the destination node should be 0, which indicates that the DRBD has completed initializing the full synchronization, and correspondingly, the source end should set the fast synchronization bitmap of the source node to be all 0, which indicates that the full synchronization is completed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, before finishing initialization synchronization, if a destination node determines that there are any unsynchronized data blocks according to whether all local fast synchronization bitmaps are 0, a request synchronization packet is sent to a source node, where the request synchronization packet includes a data block identifier of a data block that the destination node determines that the synchronization is not successful, and after receiving the request synchronization packet, the source node reads a corresponding data block on the source node according to the data block identifier therein and synchronizes the read data block to the destination node.
In the original protocol, when the DRBD performs initial full-scale synchronization, all bit positions 1 of the fast synchronization bitmap are used, so that the corresponding data block is synchronized to the slave node regardless of whether the corresponding data block has data, bandwidth waste is caused, and synchronization efficiency is reduced. When the method is initialized to be synchronous, the corresponding bit of the fast synchronization bitmap is modified to be 1 or 0 according to the existence or nonexistence of data read from a magnetic disk, and whether the synchronization is carried out or not is determined according to the value of the bit. Therefore, when initializing the full synchronization, the whole disk does not need to be synchronized to the peer node, and only the disk block with data needs to be synchronized to the peer node, thereby improving the efficiency of initializing and synchronizing the DRBD.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device implementing the dual-computer hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization method provided in the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the device 300 includes: a processor 310, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a communication bus 320, a communication interface 340, and a storage medium 330. Wherein the processor 310 and the storage medium 330 can communicate with each other through the communication bus 320. The storage medium 330 stores a computer program which, when executed by the processor 310, implements the functions of the steps of the method provided by the present invention.
The storage medium may include a Random Access Memory (RAM) or a Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), such as at least one disk Memory. In addition, the storage medium may be at least one memory device located remotely from the processor. The Processor may be a general-purpose Processor including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), etc.; but also Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete Gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
It should be recognized that embodiments of the present invention can be realized and implemented by computer hardware, a combination of hardware and software, or by computer instructions stored in a non-transitory memory. The method may be implemented in a computer program using standard programming techniques, including a non-transitory storage medium configured with the computer program, where the storage medium so configured causes a computer to operate in a specific and predefined manner. Each program may be implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, the program(s) can be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language. Furthermore, the program can be run on a programmed application specific integrated circuit for this purpose. Further, operations of processes described herein may be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The processes described herein (or variations and/or combinations thereof) may be performed under the control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions and may be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications) collectively executed on one or more processors, by hardware, or combinations thereof. The computer program includes a plurality of instructions executable by one or more processors.
Further, the method may be implemented in any type of computing platform operatively connected to a suitable interface, including but not limited to a personal computer, mini computer, mainframe, workstation, networked or distributed computing environment, separate or integrated computer platform, or in communication with a charged particle tool or other imaging device, and the like. Aspects of the invention may be embodied in machine-readable code stored on a non-transitory storage medium or device, whether removable or integrated into a computing platform, such as a hard disk, optically read and/or write storage medium, RAM, ROM, or the like, such that it may be read by a programmable computer, which when read by the storage medium or device, is operative to configure and operate the computer to perform the procedures described herein. Further, the machine-readable code, or portions thereof, may be transmitted over a wired or wireless network. The invention described herein includes these and other different types of non-transitory computer-readable storage media when such media include instructions or programs that implement the steps described above in conjunction with a microprocessor or other data processor. The invention also includes the computer itself when programmed according to the methods and techniques described herein.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A dual-computer hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization method is applied to a source node of initialization synchronization, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
initializing a generation identifier of a Distributed Replication Block Device (DRBD);
carrying out full-disk data block scanning on the DRBD, setting a bit position corresponding to a data block with data in a DRBD fast synchronization bitmap to be 1, and setting a bit position corresponding to a data block without data in the DRBD fast synchronization bitmap to be 0; wherein, binary bit 1 represents to be synchronized, and 0 represents not to be synchronized;
an initialization synchronization is performed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the initializing synchronization comprises:
synchronizing the fast synchronization bitmap of the source node to the destination node;
the source node reads the corresponding data block with bit 1 and synchronizes the read data block to the destination node according to the local terminal fast synchronization bitmap; and when the bit in the fast synchronization bitmap is 0, skipping the data block corresponding to the bit with 0, and not sending the data block corresponding to the bit with 0 to the destination node.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the initializing synchronization comprises:
receiving a request synchronization message sent by a destination node, wherein the request synchronization message comprises a data block identifier of a data block which is judged to be unsynchronized successfully by the destination node;
and the source node reads the corresponding data block on the source node according to the data block identifier in the request synchronization message and synchronizes the read data block to the destination node.
4. A dual-computer hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization method is applied to a destination node of initialization synchronization, and comprises the following steps:
the destination node receives the fast synchronization bitmap sent by the source node and updates the local fast synchronization bitmap;
when receiving a synchronous message sent by a source node, analyzing the synchronous message to obtain a data block therein, and updating a bit corresponding to the data block in the synchronous message in a local fast synchronization bitmap to be 0.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
before finishing initialization synchronization, when a destination node judges that unsynchronized data blocks exist according to whether all local fast synchronization bitmaps are 0 or not, a request synchronization message is sent to a source node, wherein the request synchronization message comprises data block identifiers of the data blocks judged to be unsynchronized successfully by the destination node, so that the source node sends the unsynchronized data blocks.
6. A dual-server hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization apparatus, applied to a source node for initialization synchronization, the apparatus comprising:
the initialization module is used for initializing a generation identifier of the distributed replication block device DRBD;
a full disc scanning module, configured to perform full disc data block scanning on the DRBD, set a bit position corresponding to a data block with data in the DRBD fast synchronization bitmap to 1, and set a bit position corresponding to a data block without data in the DRBD fast synchronization bitmap to 0; wherein, binary bit 1 represents to be synchronized, and 0 represents not to be synchronized;
and the synchronization module is used for executing initialization synchronization.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the synchronization module comprises:
the bitmap synchronization module is used for synchronizing the fast synchronization bitmap of the source node to the destination node;
the data synchronization module is used for reading the corresponding data block with the bit 1 and synchronizing the read data block to the destination node according to the local terminal fast synchronization bitmap; and when the bit in the fast synchronization bitmap is 0, skipping the data block corresponding to the bit with 0, and not sending the data block corresponding to the bit with 0 to the destination node.
8. The apparatus of claim 7,
the synchronization module is also used for receiving a request synchronization message sent by the destination node, reading a corresponding data block on the source node according to a data block identifier in the request synchronization message, and synchronizing the read data block to the destination node; and the request synchronization message comprises the data block identification of the data block which is judged to be unsynchronized successfully by the destination node.
9. An electronic device is characterized by comprising a processor, a communication interface, a storage medium and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface and the storage medium are communicated with each other through the communication bus;
a storage medium for storing a computer program;
a processor for performing the method steps of any one of claims 1 to 5 when executing a computer program stored on a storage medium.
10. A storage medium on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method steps of any one of claims 1 to 5.
CN202210488423.7A 2022-05-06 2022-05-06 Dual-computer hot-standby DRBD initialization synchronization method, device and equipment Pending CN115033423A (en)

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