CN115030738A

CN115030738A - Cutting head for hard rock tunnel excavation

Info

Publication number: CN115030738A
Application number: CN202210953595.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郝山林; 史宏麟; 刘义; 耿广佩
Original assignee: Xuzhou Zhongkuang Huihong Mining Equipment Co ltd
Current assignee: Xuzhou Zhongkuang Huihong Mining Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-08-10
Filing date: 2022-08-10
Publication date: 2022-09-09

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunneling machines and discloses a cutting head for tunneling hard rock tunnels, wherein one end of a rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a limiting rod which is fixedly sleeved inside a limiting cavity, a guide cavity is arranged inside a head body and positioned at the back of a fixed ring groove, a sliding rod is movably sleeved between the fixed ring groove and the guide cavity, a clamping slide block is movably sleeved inside the sliding groove, a conductive magnet block is movably placed in the middle of a vibration cavity, a contact ring is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the middle of the vibration cavity, the centers of two sides of the conductive magnet block are connected with a lead, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the head body through the sleeve connection inside a cantilever fixed shell, the fixed ring groove is arranged inside the head body, the sliding rod is matched with a raised head, the limiting rod is sleeved in the limiting cavity and is clamped with the clamping groove through the clamping slide block in the sliding groove, and the conductive magnet block is also arranged in the vibration cavity, so that the crushing effect of the cutting head is improved, the service life of the cutting head is ensured.

Description

Cutting head for hard rock tunnel excavation

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of development machines, in particular to a cutting head for hard rock tunnel development.

Background

The excavation in tunnel is very big engineering, need various main equipment to work together, wherein the tunnelling is the most often also indispensable equipment avoids the entry driving machine, the entry driving machine moves appointed position through actuating system control support arm, then the cutterhead that drives its tip rotates and carries out crushing treatment to the tunnel inner wall, wherein the most important work position is exactly the cutterhead, it all generally is that the spiral is installed on the dome and the pick, the pick can be continuous when rotating and rock inner wall collision breakage, thereby the bottom that drops is smashed the stone and is taken away by shipment mechanism, but the cutterhead of this kind of entry driving machine still has certain not enough when using:

firstly, when a tunneling machine is used for rock crushing, great smoke dust is generated, and the hardness of the crushed rock is high, so that the temperature generated on a cutting head is also high, and the temperature needs to be reduced by spraying water, the existing water spraying device is arranged at a certain distance away from the cutting head and is sprayed by high pressure, so that the pressure is needed, the tightness of a water channel needs to be ensured, the cutting head is driven by a rotating shaft to rotate, the sealing structure requirement is high, the water spraying area is too large, the sight line is influenced, workers are not facilitated to judge the specific tunneling condition, and the tunneling and cutting efficiency is low;

simultaneously, the cutterhead is serious in wearing and tearing when using, consequently just need frequent change pick, and the pick of one in the work is changed and is needed a large amount of time, consequently, adopt directly to change the cutterhead mostly, but the cutterhead need guarantee stability, the bolt of screwing up when it is installed is also many, dismantle the same time-wasting like this, and, still can produce very big vibrations in the broken work of entry driving machine, this can influence the stability of cutterhead equally, and vibrations too big still can harm the cutterhead, consequently, just can not guarantee the long-term use of cutterhead.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the background technology, the invention provides the cutting head for hard rock tunneling, which has the advantages of good cooling and dust removing efficiency, high crushing efficiency and long service life, and solves the problems in the background technology.

The invention provides the following technical scheme: a cutting head for tunneling hard rock comprises a head body, a cantilever fixing shell and a rotating shaft, wherein the rotating shaft is movably sleeved in the middle of the cantilever fixing shell, the end part of the rotating shaft extends into the interior of the head body and is fixedly connected with the head body, a cutting tooth is uniformly and fixedly installed on the outer ring of the head body in a spiral shape, a spray head is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the head body at the side edge of the cutting tooth, a sleeve opening is formed in one end of the head body, a limiting cavity communicated with the sleeve opening is formed in the interior of the head body, the rotating shaft is fixedly sleeved in the interior of the sleeve opening, a limiting rod and a limiting rod of the rotating shaft are fixedly sleeved in the interior of the limiting cavity, a fixing ring groove is formed in the outer ring position of the sleeve opening in the end face of the head body, a flow guide cavity is formed in the back face of the fixing ring groove in the interior of the head body, a sliding rod is movably sleeved between the fixing ring groove and the flow guide cavity, and a fastening bolt is sleeved in the middle of the front end of the head body in a threaded manner, the end face of the cantilever fixing shell is movably clamped at the end part of the fixing ring groove, a raised head is fixedly mounted on the end face of the cantilever fixing shell at the inner part of the fixing ring groove, and a cooling cavity communicated with the flow guide cavity and the spray head is formed in the head body.

Preferably, a liquid inlet hole is formed between the sleeve opening and the flow guide cavity in an annular shape, a first one-way valve is fixedly mounted inside the liquid inlet hole, a flow guide hole is formed inside the rotating shaft, the outlet end of the flow guide hole is uniformly corresponding to the liquid inlet hole, and a second one-way valve is fixedly mounted in a communication hole between the flow guide cavity and the cooling cavity.

Preferably, the cross section of the limiting cavity is square, a sliding groove is formed in the periphery of the middle of the limiting cavity, a clamping slide block is connected to the inside of the sliding groove in a sealing and sealing mode, a third one-way valve is fixedly installed at the position where the sliding groove is communicated with the cooling cavity and the communicating position, a pressure release valve communicated with the outside is fixedly installed at the top of the sliding groove, and a clamping groove matched with the clamping slide block is formed in the outer ring of the middle of the limiting rod.

Preferably, the vibrations chamber has been seted up at the middle part of gag lever post, the middle part activity in vibrations chamber has been placed and has been led the electromagnetism piece, fixedly connected with supporting spring between the both sides of leading the electromagnetism piece and the vibrations intracavity wall, the middle part inner wall fixed mounting in vibrations chamber has the electricity ring of touching, the center of leading the electromagnetism piece both sides is connected with the wire.

Preferably, the slide bar is I-shaped, a return spring is fixedly connected between the end face of the slide bar and the inner wall of the flow guide cavity, a corrugated pipe is fixedly connected between the back face of the end of the slide bar and the inner wall of the flow guide cavity, and the slide bar and the raised head intermittently push against each other when the head body rotates.

Preferably, a magnet is fixedly installed in the middle of the clamping sliding block, the electromagnetic conduction block is suspended in the middle of the vibration cavity under the action of the magnetic force of the magnet, and the electromagnetic conduction block is in contact with the electric shock ring, is connected with an alarm circuit and transmits the alarm circuit to the machine body control system.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the rotating shaft is sleeved in the cantilever fixing shell and fixedly connected with the head body, the fixing ring groove is formed in the head body, the sliding rod is arranged in the head body and matched with the raised head, compared with the prior art, the rotating shaft and the limiting rod are fixedly connected with the head body to play a role of transmitting rotation, and meanwhile, the guide hole in the rotating shaft can be ensured to correspond to the upper liquid inlet hole;

2. the limiting rod is sleeved in the limiting cavity, the clamping sliding block and the clamping groove are clamped in the sliding groove, and meanwhile, the electromagnetic conduction block is further arranged in the vibration cavity, compared with the prior art, the limiting rod is sleeved in the limiting cavity, the clamping sliding block is clamped in the clamping groove, the clamping sliding block can be kept in a relatively stable clamping state along with pressurization of cooling water, the cooling water is more absorbed from the cooling cavity when the clamping sliding block is driven to extrude into the clamping groove in vibration, the water quantity in the sliding groove is increased, the clamping force is further improved, the stability of the head body and the rotating shaft is guaranteed, a circuit can be triggered according to the vibration condition by the electromagnetic conduction block, an alarm is given out according to the circuit connection condition, and the alarm is transmitted to a control system, and the service life of the cutting head can be greatly prolonged.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall installation of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the overall installation of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a half sectional view of the overall installation of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a head structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a rotating shaft structure according to the present invention;

fig. 6 is a half sectional view of the head body structure of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view at C of FIG. 3;

in the figure: 1. a head body; 101. looping; 102. a fixed ring groove; 103. a limiting cavity; 104. a flow guide cavity; 105. a cooling chamber; 106. a chute; 107. a liquid inlet hole; 2. a cantilever securing housing; 3. a rotating shaft; 301. a flow guide hole; 4. cutting picks; 5. a spray head; 6. a limiting rod; 601. a clamping groove; 602. a vibration chamber; 7. fastening a bolt; 8. a slide bar; 9. a return spring; 10. a bellows; 11. a first check valve; 12. a raised head; 13. clamping the sliding block; 14. a second one-way valve; 15. a third check valve; 16. a pressure relief valve; 17. a conductive magnetic block; 18. a support spring; 19. a contact ring; 20. and a magnet.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example one

Referring to fig. 1-7 and 9, a cutting head for tunneling hard rock comprises a head body 1, a cantilever fixing shell 2 and a rotating shaft 3, wherein the rotating shaft 3 is movably sleeved at the middle part of the cantilever fixing shell 2, the end part of the rotating shaft 3 extends into the head body 1 and is fixedly connected with the head body, picks 4 are uniformly and fixedly installed on the outer ring of the head body 1 in a spiral shape, a spray head 5 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the head body 1 at the side edge of the pick 4, a sleeve opening 101 is formed at one end of the head body 1, a limiting cavity 103 communicated with the sleeve opening 101 is formed in the head body 1, the rotating shaft 3 is fixedly sleeved in the sleeve opening 101, a limiting rod 6 is fixedly connected at one end of the rotating shaft 3, the limiting rod 6 is fixedly sleeved in the limiting cavity 103, the cantilever fixing shell 2 is fixedly installed on a machine arm, the rotating shaft 3 in the cantilever fixing shell is driven by a driving device to rotate, so that a protruding head 12 on the cantilever fixing shell 2 can be conveniently contacted with a rotating slide rod 8, the end surface of the head body 1 is positioned at the outer ring position of the sleeve opening 101 and is provided with a fixed ring groove 102, the inner part of the head body 1 is positioned at the back of the fixed ring groove 102 and is provided with a flow guide cavity 104, a slide rod 8 is movably sleeved between the fixed ring groove 102 and the flow guide cavity 104, the middle part of the front end of the head body 1 is in threaded sleeve connection with a fastening bolt 7, the end surface of the cantilever fixed shell 2 is movably clamped at the end part of the fixed ring groove 102, the end surface of the cantilever fixed shell 2 positioned at the inner part of the fixed ring groove 102 is fixedly provided with a raised head 12, the inner part of the head body 1 is provided with a cooling cavity 105 respectively communicated with the flow guide cavity 104 and the spray head 5, a liquid inlet hole 107 is uniformly arranged between the sleeve opening 101 and the flow guide cavity 104 in a ring shape, the liquid inlet hole 107 is fixedly provided with a first one-way valve 11, the inner part of the rotating shaft 3 is provided with flow guide holes 301, the outlet ends of the flow guide holes 301 are respectively corresponding to the liquid inlet holes 107 one by one, and a second one-way valve 14 is fixedly arranged between the flow guide cavity 104 and the cooling cavity 105, the design of a plurality of one-way valves can ensure that the one-way circulation is realized in the water spraying process, the pressure for spraying water is ensured to be in a proper size, the slide rod 8 is I-shaped, the reset spring 9 is fixedly connected between the end surface of the slide rod 8 and the inner wall of the diversion cavity 104, the corrugated pipe 10 is fixedly connected between the surface of the end part of the slide rod 8, which is opposite to the reset spring 9, and the inner wall of the diversion cavity 104, the slide rod 8 and the raised head 12 intermittently push against when the head body 1 rotates, the slide rod 8 is driven to rotate together by the rotation of the head body 1, the slide rod 8 can be continuously contacted with the raised head 12 and pressed into the diversion cavity 104, then the cooling water in the diversion cavity 104 is pressed into the cooling cavity 105, then the cooling water is sprayed out of the spray head 5 to realize the functions of cooling and dedusting, meanwhile, the water can be sucked from the diversion hole 301 through the liquid inlet hole 107 just when the slide rod 8 returns, and the water in the diversion cavity 104 is ensured, then, the process is repeated to realize pressurization in the head body 1, water filled with pressure is not needed, the requirement on sealing performance is lowered, and energy needed by pressurization can be saved.

Example two

Referring to fig. 2-3, 5-6, and 8-9, the cross section of the limiting cavity 103 is square, the inside of the periphery of the middle of the limiting cavity 103 is provided with a sliding groove 106, the inside of the sliding groove 106 is movably sleeved with a clamping slide block 13, the sliding groove 106 is communicated with the cooling cavity 105, and a third check valve 15 is fixedly installed at the communication position, the top of the sliding groove 106 is fixedly provided with a pressure release valve 16 communicated with the outside, the outer ring of the middle of the limiting rod 6 is provided with a clamping groove 601 matched with the clamping slide block 13, the limiting rod 6 is sleeved into the limiting cavity 103, not only the limiting function can be achieved, the head body 1 is directly driven to rotate by the rotating shaft 3, the limiting rod 6 can be clamped by the clamping slide block 13 sleeved inside the sliding groove 106, and the clamping slide block 13 can be further extruded into the clamping groove 601 when vibration occurs, and then the clamping slide block 13 is ensured to clamp the limiting rod 6 by the cooling water hydraulic pressure in the sliding groove 106 and the limiting position of the third check valve 15 Increase stably, also do benefit to like this and guarantee the crushing effect of entry driving machine when vibrations, directly open relief valve 16 and just can carry out the pressure release to spout 106 after finishing using moreover, conveniently make clamping block 13 lose the clamp force, then take off the cutterhead from pivot 3 and change or dismantle.

EXAMPLE III

Referring to fig. 3 and 8-9, a vibration cavity 602 is formed in the middle of the limiting rod 6, a conductive magnetic block 17 is movably placed in the middle of the vibration cavity 602, a support spring 18 is fixedly connected between two sides of the conductive magnetic block 17 and the inner wall of the vibration cavity 602, a contact ring 19 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the middle of the vibration cavity 602, a lead is connected to the center of two sides of the conductive magnetic block 17, the conductive magnetic block 17 is connected to an alarm circuit through the lead, the alarm circuit is connected to a control system of the heading machine, the contact ring 19 is connected to the alarm circuit, however, the contact ring is in an open circuit state, once the conductive magnetic block 17 contacts with the contact ring, the alarm circuit of the contact ring 19 is also formally connected, an alarm is sent to remind a worker to regulate and control the heading machine, a magnet 20 is fixedly installed in the middle of the clamping slide block 13, the magnetic block 17 is suspended in the middle of the vibration cavity 602 under the magnetic force of the magnet 20, the electromagnetic conduction block 17 is in contact with the electric shock ring 19, is connected with an alarm circuit and is transmitted to a machine body control system, when the vibration is small, the electromagnetic conduction block 17 is stabilized in the vibration cavity 602 by the magnetic interaction of the magnets 20 and is not in contact with other places, when the vibration is small, the magnetic force and the elastic force of the supporting spring 18 are unstable, so that the electromagnetic conduction block 17 is driven to shake, the alarm circuit is connected when the electromagnetic conduction block contacts the inner wall of the electric shock ring 19, an alarm signal is triggered, the more severe the vibration is, the higher the alarm frequency is, and therefore regulation and control can be performed according to the electromagnetic conduction block 17, and the permanent use of the tunneling machine is guaranteed.

The working principle is that before use, the head body 1 is sleeved on the end part of the cantilever fixing shell 2, so that the rotating shaft 3 is sleeved into the sleeve opening 101, the limiting rod 6 is sleeved into the limiting cavity 103, meanwhile, the raised head 12 is sleeved inside the fixing ring groove 102, then, the fastening can be realized by screwing the fastening bolt 7, then, the machine is started to work, the driving system drives the rotating shaft 3 and the limiting rod 6 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 3 and the limiting rod 6 drive the head body 1 to integrally rotate and aim at the tunnel wall for cutting;

when the head body 1 rotates, the sliding rod 8 and the raised head 12 are driven to mutually abut against each other, the sliding rod 8 is pressed into the flow guide cavity 104 by the raised head 12, meanwhile, cooling water in the flow guide cavity 104 is extruded into the cooling cavity 105 through the second one-way valve 14, the hydraulic pressure in the cooling cavity 105 flows to the sliding groove 106 and the spray head 5 at the beginning, the cooling water is only sprayed out from the spray head 5 for cooling and dedusting when the hydraulic pressure in the sliding groove 106 is sufficient, then water is supplemented into the flow guide cavity 104 through the liquid inlet hole 107 when the reset spring 9 drives the sliding rod 8 to reset, and the process does not need hydraulic pressurization, so that the sealing requirement is low and is more suitable for practical use;

when the heading machine drills hard rocks, great vibration is generated, and is transmitted to the clamping slide block 13 inside through the head body 1, so that the clamping slide block slides along the sliding groove 106, if the vibration causes the clamping slide block 13 to impact the sliding groove 106, certain cooling water is supplemented from the cooling cavity 105 through the third one-way valve 15, so that the clamping slide block 13 clamps the limiting rod 6 more tightly, and the situation that the head body 1 and the limiting rod 6 shake is avoided;

when the vibration is too large, the conductive magnetic block 17 in the vibration cavity 602 is driven to increase the shaking amplitude, the outer ring of the conductive magnetic block is in contact with the inner side of the electric shock ring 19, the circuit is intermittently switched on at the moment, so that the alarm signal is intermittently triggered, the higher the triggering frequency is, the more the vibration is, the higher the driving speed is, the control is required to be carried out, and the service life of the cutting head of the heading machine is ensured.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a cutterhead is used in hard rock tunnelling, includes head body (1), cantilever set casing (2) and pivot (3), and pivot (3) have been cup jointed in the activity of cantilever set casing (2) middle part, and the tip of pivot (3) stretches into the inside of head body (1) and rather than fixed connection, its characterized in that: the outer lane of head body (1) is the even fixed mounting of heliciform and has pick (4), head body (1) surface is located pick (4) side fixed mounting and has shower nozzle (5), cuff (101) have been seted up to the one end of head body (1), head body (1) is inside to be seted up spacing chamber (103) with cuff (101) intercommunication, the inside fixed cup joint of cuff (101) has pivot (3), the one end fixedly connected with gag lever post (6) and gag lever post (6) of pivot (3) are fixed to be cup jointed inside spacing chamber (103), fixed annular (102) have been seted up to head body (1) terminal surface position cuff (101) outer lane position, head body (1) is inside to be located fixed annular (102) back department and has seted up water conservancy diversion chamber (104), slide bar (8) have been cup jointed in the activity between fixed annular (102) and water conservancy diversion chamber (104), fastening bolt (7) have been cup jointed to the front end middle part screw thread of head body (1), the terminal surface activity joint of cantilever set casing (2) is in fixed annular (102) tip department, the terminal surface fixed mounting that cantilever set casing (2) are located fixed annular (102) inside department has plush copper (12), cooling chamber (105) with water conservancy diversion chamber (104) and shower nozzle (5) intercommunication respectively are seted up to head body (1) inside.

2. The cutting head for hard rock tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that: be cyclic annular between running-on (101) and water conservancy diversion chamber (104) and evenly seted up feed liquor hole (107), the inside fixed mounting in feed liquor hole (107) has first check valve (11), water conservancy diversion hole (301) have been seted up to the inside of pivot (3), the equal one-to-one of exit end in water conservancy diversion hole (301) feed liquor hole (107), the intercommunication pore fixed mounting between water conservancy diversion chamber (104) and cooling chamber (105) has second check valve (14).

3. The cutting head for hard rock tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cross section of the limiting cavity (103) is square, a sliding groove (106) is formed in the middle of the limiting cavity (103) in the periphery, a clamping sliding block (13) is sleeved on the sliding groove (106) in a movable sealing mode, the sliding groove (106) is communicated with the cooling cavity (105) and fixedly provided with a third one-way valve (15) in the communicating position, a pressure release valve (16) communicated with the outside is fixedly arranged at the top of the sliding groove (106), and a clamping groove (601) matched with the clamping sliding block (13) is formed in the outer ring of the middle of the limiting rod (6).

4. A cutting head for hard rock tunneling according to claim 3, characterized in that: vibrations chamber (602) have been seted up at the middle part of gag lever post (6), the middle part activity in vibrations chamber (602) has been placed and has been led electromagnetic block (17), fixedly connected with supporting spring (18) between the both sides of leading electromagnetic block (17) and vibrations chamber (602) inner wall, the middle part inner wall fixed mounting in vibrations chamber (602) has electric ring (19) of touching, the center of leading electromagnetic block (17) both sides is connected with the wire.

5. The cutting head for hard rock tunneling according to claim 2, characterized in that: the slide bar (8) are I-shaped, fixedly connected with reset spring (9) between slide bar (8) terminal surface and water conservancy diversion chamber (104) inner wall, fixedly connected with bellows (10) between one side that slide bar (8) tip and reset spring (9) carried on the back mutually and water conservancy diversion chamber (104) inner wall, slide bar (8) and plush copper (12) intermittent type formula top move when head body (1) rotates.

6. The cutting head for hard rock tunneling according to claim 4, characterized in that: the middle part fixed mounting who presss from both sides tight slider (13) has magnet (20), it suspends in the middle part of vibrations chamber (602) to lead electromagnetic block (17) to receive the magnetic force effect suspension of magnet (20), it has warning circuit and transmits to the organism control system to lead electromagnetic block (17) and contact switch-on with electric ring (19).