CN115029642A - Stainless steel plate with good mechanical property and pitting corrosion resistance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Stainless steel plate with good mechanical property and pitting corrosion resistance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115029642A CN115029642A CN202210878627.1A CN202210878627A CN115029642A CN 115029642 A CN115029642 A CN 115029642A CN 202210878627 A CN202210878627 A CN 202210878627A CN 115029642 A CN115029642 A CN 115029642A
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002927 high level radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012611 container material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a stainless steel plate with good mechanical property and pitting corrosion resistance, which consists of the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.04-0.15% of C, 0.1-0.5% of N, 0.3-1.5% of Si, 18-24% of Cr, 12-14% of Ni, 0.03-0.6% of Nb, 0-0.07% of Ce, 1.0-2.0% of Mn, 0-2.5% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.01% of S, less than or equal to 0.01% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the preparation method of the stainless steel plate comprises the following steps: firstly, smelting; secondly, hot forging; thirdly, solution annealing is carried out after hot rolling. According to the invention, the solid solution strengthening effect is achieved by adding C, N, Nb and Mo, the strength and pitting corrosion resistance of the stainless steel plate are improved, and the stainless steel plate is suitable for glass curing packaging containers; the invention adds raw materials in batches, avoids the loss of low-melting-point elements and ensures the component accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stainless steel manufacturing, and particularly relates to a stainless steel plate with good mechanical property and pitting corrosion resistance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The austenitic stainless steel has good high-temperature performance, corrosion resistance and excellent processing performance, and is often used as a part in high-temperature and high-pressure environments in industries such as nuclear power, thermal power generation, automobile exhaust systems, chemical engineering and petroleum.
High-level radioactive waste liquid with high radioactive concentration, high heat release rate and strong toxicity is generated in the circulation process of the nuclear fuel. In order to ensure the safety of the high-level radioactive liquid waste disposal, through the exploration of more than half century, people find that the glass can well contain the radioactive nuclide and has good chemical stability and radiation resistance, and the glass curing process technology is also the only method for industrially treating the high-level radioactive liquid waste at present. In the process of glass solidification, oxide additives containing elements such as silicon, boron and the like are generally added into high-level waste liquid, then the high-level waste liquid is melted to glass at high temperature, and after the glass is melted, the glass needs to be packaged by using a container and then is sent out for intermediate temporary storage. The temperature of the molten glass is 1150 ℃, and the loading weight is generally more than 400kg, so that the packaging container is required to have certain high-temperature mechanical properties. In addition, the glass-cured packaging container material needs to be formed by bending and other processes, and needs to be stacked, so that the material has certain room-temperature mechanical properties. Finally, the high level radioactive liquid waste of the glass solidification finally requires geological treatment, whereas the ground water usually contains-150 ppm Cl − Therefore, the material must have a certain pitting corrosion resistance. In summary, the glass-curing packaging container must have both excellent room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties and pitting corrosion resistance, which is desirable for the glass-curing packaging containerThe material of the martensitic stainless steel presents a great challenge.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a stainless steel plate with good mechanical properties and pitting corrosion resistance, which overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art. C, N is added into the stainless steel plate to play a role in solid solution strengthening and second phase strengthening, MC phase precipitation strengthening is performed by combining the addition of Nb, and solid solution strengthening is performed by adding Mo, so that the strength, particularly the high-temperature strength and pitting corrosion resistance of the stainless steel plate are improved, the adverse effects on the plasticity, welding performance and the like of the stainless steel plate are avoided, and the stainless steel plate is suitable for glass curing packaging containers.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the stainless steel plate with good mechanical property and pitting corrosion resistance is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.04-0.15% of C, 0.1-0.5% of N, 0.3-1.5% of Si, 18-24% of Cr, 12-14% of Ni, 0.03-0.6% of Nb, 0-0.07% of Ce, 1.0-2.0% of Mn, 0-2.5% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.01% of S, less than or equal to 0.01% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; elongation after fracture A of the stainless steel plate at room temperature 50 Not less than 40 percent and tensile strength R m Pitting potential E ¢ at room temperature, at 650MPa b100 0.2V for full cultivation, 2h creep rupture Strength R at 1000 ℃ u 2/1000 Full bloom at 40MPa, tensile Strength R m ³80MPa。
Firstly, the stability of an austenite structure in the stainless steel is improved by adding austenitizing stabilizing elements C and N into the stainless steel plate, and the addition of C, N also plays a role in solid solution strengthening and participates in the formation of a second phase to provide a precipitation strengthening effect, so that the mechanical properties of the stainless steel at room temperature and high temperature are improved; meanwhile, the addition of N also improves the pitting corrosion resistance of the stainless steel plate; in addition, the invention avoids serious coarsening of precipitated phases and further deterioration of the plasticity of the stainless steel plate caused by excessive addition of the two elements by controlling the addition amount of C, N, and avoids the phenomenon that a poor Cr area appears and the pitting corrosion resistance of the stainless steel plate is reduced caused by the formation of an intermetallic compound between C, N and Cr.
Secondly, Nb is added into the stainless steel plate to form an MC (Nb (C, N)) phase, so that a precipitation strengthening effect is provided, the high-temperature strength of the stainless steel plate is further improved, the addition of Nb improves the pitting potential of a stainless steel plate matrix, and the pitting resistance of the stainless steel plate is further improved; meanwhile, the invention avoids serious coarsening of MC (Nb (C, N)) phase caused by excessive Nb and further deterioration of the plasticity of the stainless steel plate by controlling the addition amount of Nb, and avoids the phenomena that the excessive Nb addition is easy to cause serious segregation in the welding process of the stainless steel plate and is not beneficial to ensuring the welding performance of the stainless steel plate.
Thirdly, Mo is added into the stainless steel plate to replace Cr to improve the pitting corrosion resistance of the stainless steel plate, and Mo atoms with larger sizes play a role in solid solution strengthening in a stainless steel plate matrix, so that the high-temperature strength of the stainless steel plate is further improved; meanwhile, Mo is a ferrite forming element, and the stability damage to an austenite structure in the stainless steel plate is avoided by controlling the addition amount of Mo.
The stainless steel plate with good mechanical property and pitting corrosion resistance is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.04-0.12% of C, 0.1-0.28% of N, 0.3-1.0% of Si, 18-24% of Cr, 12-14% of Ni, 0.03-0.6% of Nb, 0.02-0.07% of Ce, 1.0-2.0% of Mn, 0-2.5% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.01% of S, less than or equal to 0.01% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
In addition, the invention also discloses a method for preparing the stainless steel plate with good mechanical property and pitting corrosion resistance, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
placing raw materials of C, Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo, Nb and Ce in a crucible, vacuumizing to below 0.1Pa, heating to melt, adding raw materials of Si and Mn, continuously heating and refining for 5-10 min, adding ferrochromium nitride in nitrogen atmosphere with the pressure of-0.09 MPa to-0.06 MPa, heating to completely melt, standing for 2min, and casting to obtain a steel ingot;
step two, heating the steel ingot obtained in the step one, forging, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a steel slab with the thickness of 60 mm-80 mm;
step three, heating the steel plate blank obtained in the step two to 1150-1200 ℃, then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature in the hot rolling process is 1100-1150 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 750-950 ℃, the total rolling reduction rate is 90-92.5%, then carrying out solution annealing treatment, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the stainless steel plate.
The invention adopts the mode of adding raw materials in batches for smelting, firstly heats and melts the raw materials with high melting point, and then adds the raw materials of Si and Mn with lower melting point, thereby avoiding the evaporation escape caused by the early addition, improving the yield of the Si and Mn, and ensuring the component accuracy of the stainless steel plate; then, the ferrochrome nitride is added in the nitrogen atmosphere, and nitrogen is a gas element and is easy to escape from the stainless steel plate melt, the invention adopts a mode of 'intermediate alloy + nitrogen pressure', the addition of the nitrogen element is realized by controlling the addition of the ferrochrome nitride and the pressure of the nitrogen atmosphere, and the pressure action of the nitrogen atmosphere inhibits the escape of the nitrogen from the stainless steel plate melt, thereby improving the yield of N (100% +/-5%), avoiding N loss, further improving the component accuracy of the stainless steel plate and solving the problem of difficult control of nitrogen element components in the preparation process of the stainless steel plate. Compared with the prior common stainless steel plate such as domestic 309 steel, C, N and Nb are more added into the stainless steel plate of the invention to precipitate and form MC (Nb (C, N)) phase and Cr-rich phase (Cr) 2 N and Cr 23 M 6 ) The combination of the three types of precipitation is used for remarkably improving the tensile strength and the creep rupture strength of the stainless steel plate at high temperature, but simultaneously a large amount of second phase causes the plasticity of the stainless steel plate to be deteriorated, particularly the precipitation of the Cr-rich phase also causes the generation of a Cr-poor area, and the pitting corrosion resistance of the stainless steel plate is reduced.
The method is characterized in that in the step one, the nitrogen content in the steel ingot is controlled by adjusting the pressure of the nitrogen atmosphere and the adding amount of the ferrochrome nitride. The invention controls the nitrogen content in the steel ingot by adjusting the pressure of the nitrogen atmosphere and the adding amount of the ferrochromium nitride, effectively avoids the escape of gas element nitrogen in the smelting process, and improves the yield of nitrogen.
The method is characterized in that the heating temperature in the step two is 1150-1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-7 h. According to the invention, by controlling the heating temperature and time of forging, all elements are fully dissolved in the stainless steel plate matrix, the element segregation phenomenon in the steel plate blank is reduced, and the structure uniformity of the stainless steel plate is improved.
The method is characterized in that the temperature of the solution annealing treatment in the third step is 1050-1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-60 min. According to the invention, by controlling the temperature and time of the solution treatment, the precipitated phase in the hot rolling process is fully dissolved in the stainless steel plate matrix in a solid solution manner, so that the precipitation of the Cr-rich phase is reduced, and the growth of the grain size in the stainless steel plate is promoted by the high-temperature solution, and the structure of the large grains is beneficial to further improving the high-temperature strength and the room-temperature corrosion resistance of the stainless steel plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. c, N is added into the stainless steel plate to play the role of solid solution strengthening and second phase strengthening, Nb is added to carry out MC phase precipitation strengthening, and Mo is added to carry out solid solution strengthening, so that the strength, particularly the high-temperature strength and the pitting corrosion resistance of the stainless steel plate are improved, the adverse effects on the plasticity, the welding performance and the like of the stainless steel plate are avoided, and the austenitic stainless steel plate with good room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties and pitting corrosion resistance is obtained.
2. The stainless steel plate has room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties and pitting corrosion resistance superior to those of the existing commonly-used domestic steel S30908 and imported 309S, can be applied to working environments at the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃, and is particularly suitable for glass curing packaging containers.
3. The invention adopts the mode of adding raw materials in batches for smelting, avoids the escape loss caused by the early addition of low-melting-point elements, improves the yield of each element and ensures the component accuracy of the stainless steel plate.
4. The method adopts a mode of 'intermediate alloy + nitrogen gas pressure', realizes the addition of nitrogen element by controlling the addition of the ferrochromium nitride and the pressure of nitrogen atmosphere, effectively avoids the escape of gas element nitrogen in the smelting process, improves the yield of nitrogen, and solves the problem of difficult control of nitrogen element components in the preparation process of the stainless steel plate.
5. The invention ensures that a small amount of Nb (C, N) phase exists in the stainless steel plate in a room temperature state finally obtained and almost no Cr-rich phase exists by controlling the heating forging, hot rolling and solution annealing treatment under the high temperature condition, thereby avoiding the adverse effect on the plasticity of the stainless steel plate while improving the room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties, namely pitting corrosion resistance of the stainless steel plate.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by examples below.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The stainless steel plate of the embodiment comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.12% of C, 0.498% of N, 0.31% of Si, 23.97% of Cr, 13.27% of Ni, 0.05% of Nb, 2.03% of Mn, 0.005% of S, 0.008% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The method for manufacturing the stainless steel plate of the present example includes the steps of:
placing raw materials of C, Fe, Cr, Ni, Nb and Ce in a crucible, vacuumizing to below 0.1Pa, heating to melt, adding raw materials of Si and Mn, continuously heating and refining for 5min, adding ferrochromium nitride in a nitrogen atmosphere with the pressure of-0.06 MPa, heating to completely melt, standing for 2min, and casting to obtain a steel ingot;
step two, peeling the steel ingot obtained in the step one, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 7 hours, forging, and air cooling to room temperature to obtain a steel plate blank with the thickness of 80 mm;
and step three, polishing the surface of the steel plate blank obtained in the step two, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, then carrying out hot rolling, carrying out solution annealing treatment at 1200 ℃ for 30min, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the stainless steel plate with the thickness of 6mm, wherein the initial rolling temperature in the hot rolling process is 1150 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 950 ℃, and the total reduction rate is 92.5%.
Example 2
The stainless steel plate of the embodiment comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.15% of C, 0.438% of N, 1.42% of Si, 22.9% of Cr, 12.03% of Ni, 0.04% of Nb, 0.053% of Ce, 1.96% of Mn, 1.14% of Mo, 0.004% of S, 0.009% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The method for manufacturing the stainless steel plate of the present example includes the steps of:
placing raw materials of C, Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo, Nb and Ce in a crucible, vacuumizing to below 0.1Pa, heating to melt, adding raw materials of Si and Mn, continuously heating and refining for 5min, adding ferrochromium nitride in a nitrogen atmosphere with the pressure of-0.06 MPa, heating to completely melt, standing for 2min, and casting to obtain a steel ingot;
step two, peeling the steel ingot obtained in the step one, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 7 hours, forging, and air cooling to room temperature to obtain a steel plate blank with the thickness of 80 mm;
and step three, polishing the surface of the steel plate blank obtained in the step two, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, then carrying out hot rolling, carrying out solution annealing treatment at 1200 ℃ for 60 minutes, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the stainless steel plate with the thickness of 6mm, wherein the initial rolling temperature in the hot rolling process is 1150 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃, and the total reduction rate is 92.5%.
Example 3
The stainless steel plate of the embodiment comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.039% of C, 0.278% of N, 0.98% of Si, 23.14% of Cr, 12.87% of Ni, 0.03% of Nb, 0.072% of Ce, 1.01% of Mn, 0.005% of S, 0.008% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; .
The method for manufacturing the stainless steel plate of the present example includes the steps of:
placing raw materials of C, Fe, Cr, Ni, Nb and Ce in a crucible, vacuumizing to below 0.1Pa, heating to melt, adding raw materials of Si and Mn, continuing heating and refining for 5min, adding ferrochromium nitride in nitrogen atmosphere with the pressure of-0.07 MPa, heating to completely melt, standing for 2min, and casting to obtain a steel ingot;
step two, peeling the steel ingot obtained in the step one, heating to 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, forging, and air cooling to room temperature to obtain a steel plate blank with the thickness of 60 mm;
and step three, polishing the surface of the steel plate blank obtained in the step two, heating to 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature in the hot rolling process is 1150 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃, the total reduction rate is 90.0%, then carrying out solution annealing treatment at 1150 ℃ for 60 minutes, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the stainless steel plate with the thickness of 6 mm.
Example 4
The stainless steel plate of the embodiment comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.12% of C, 0.225% of N, 0.50% of Si, 24.02% of Cr, 12.91% of Ni, 0.6% of Nb, 0.05% of Ce, 1.97% of Mn, 0.003% of S, 0.006% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; .
The method for manufacturing the stainless steel plate of the present example includes the steps of:
placing raw materials of C, Fe, Cr, Ni, Nb and Ce in a crucible, vacuumizing to below 0.1Pa, heating to melt, adding raw materials of Si and Mn, continuously heating and refining for 5min, adding ferrochromium nitride in a nitrogen atmosphere with the pressure of-0.07 MPa, heating to completely melt, standing for 2min, and casting to obtain a steel ingot;
step two, peeling the steel ingot obtained in the step one, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, forging, and air cooling to room temperature to obtain a steel plate blank with the thickness of 80 mm;
and step three, polishing the surface of the steel plate blank obtained in the step two, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, carrying out 7-pass hot rolling, carrying out solution annealing treatment at 1200 ℃ for 30min, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the stainless steel plate with the thickness of 6mm, wherein the initial rolling temperature in the hot rolling process is 1150 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃, and the total reduction rate is 92.5%.
Example 5
The stainless steel plate of the embodiment comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.07% of C, 0.1% of N, 0.31% of Si, 18.0% of Cr, 14.0% of Ni, 0.24% of Nb, 0.02% of Ce, 1.5% of Mn, 2.5% of Mo, 0.004% of S, 0.007% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; .
The method for manufacturing the stainless steel plate of the present example includes the steps of:
placing raw materials of C, Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo, Nb and Ce in a crucible, vacuumizing to below 0.1Pa, heating to melt, adding raw materials of Si and Mn, continuously heating and refining for 10min, adding ferrochromium nitride in a nitrogen atmosphere with the pressure of-0.09 MPa, heating to completely melt, standing for 2min, and casting to obtain a steel ingot;
step two, peeling the steel ingots obtained in the step one, heating to 1200 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5 hours, forging, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain steel slabs with the thickness of 80 mm;
and step three, polishing the surface of the steel plate blank obtained in the step two, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, then carrying out hot rolling, carrying out solution annealing treatment at 1050 ℃ for 60min, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the stainless steel plate with the thickness of 6mm, wherein the initial rolling temperature in the hot rolling process is 1100 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 750 ℃, and the total reduction rate is 92.5%.
Comparative example 1
The stainless steel plate of the comparative example consists of the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.288% of C, 0.047% of N, 0.38% of Si, 22.56% of Cr, 12.62% of Ni, 0.03% of Ce, 1.88% of Mn, 0.006% of S, 0.008% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The method for manufacturing the stainless steel sheet of the present comparative example includes the steps of:
placing C, Fe, Cr, Ni and Ce raw materials into a crucible, vacuumizing to below 0.1Pa, heating to melt, adding Si and Mn raw materials, continuously heating and refining for 10min, adding ferrochromium nitride under the nitrogen atmosphere with the pressure of-0.09 MPa, heating to completely melt, standing for 2min, and casting to obtain a steel ingot;
step two, peeling the steel ingot obtained in the step one, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, forging, and air cooling to room temperature to obtain a steel plate blank with the thickness of 80 mm;
and step three, polishing the surface of the steel plate blank obtained in the step two, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, then carrying out hot rolling, carrying out solution annealing treatment at 1200 ℃ for 60min, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the stainless steel plate with the thickness of 6mm, wherein the initial rolling temperature in the hot rolling process is 1150 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 950 ℃, and the total reduction rate is 92.5%.
Comparative example 2
The stainless steel plate of the comparative example is a hot-rolled annealed plate with the thickness of 6mm produced by Taiyuan iron and steel group Limited company, and consists of the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.055% of C, 0.068% of N, 22.27% of Cr, 12.1% of Ni, 0.32% of Si, 1.42% of Mn, 0.005% of S, 0.023% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Comparative example 3
The stainless steel plate of the comparative example is an imported 309S hot-rolled annealed plate with the thickness of 6mm, and consists of the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.067% of C, 0.036% of N, 22.04% of Cr, 12.89% of Ni, 0.64% of Si, 1.68% of Mn, 0.005% of S, 0.019% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties and pitting potentials of the stainless steel plates of the embodiments 1 to 5 and the comparative examples 1 to 3 of the invention are tested, wherein the room temperature and high temperature mechanical property tests are respectively carried out according to GB/T228.1-2010 part 1 of the metal material tensile test: room temperature test method, GB/T228.2-2015 "tensile test for Metal materials part 2: high-temperature test method and GB/T2039-2012 uniaxial tensile creep test method for metal materials are to prepare a stainless steel plate into a standard tensile sample, and measure the room-temperature and high-temperature tensile strength R of the material on a UTM510X microcomputer-controlled electronic universal experimental machine m Elongation after fracture A 50 And a 2h creep rupture strength R at 1000 ℃ u 2/1000 Wherein the stretching speed at room temperature is 3mm/min, and the stretching strain rate at high temperature is 0.084min -1 (ii) a The pitting potential test is carried out according to the national standard GB/T17899-1999 stainless steel pitting potential measuring method: stainless steel samples were made and passivated in nitric acid and sealed with epoxy resin in a 3.5% NaCl solution (35 g NaCl in 965mL DI water) with the results shown on the anodic polarization curve corresponding to a current density of 100mA/cm 2 The pitting potential E ¢ b100 and the pitting potential E ¢ at room temperature b100 When the pressure of 0.2V was satisfied, (o), and when not satisfied, it was not satisfied, (x), and the results are shown in table 1 below.
As is clear from Table 1, the stainless steel sheets of examples 1 to 5 of the present invention have a post-fracture elongation A at room temperature 50 Not less than 40 percent and tensile strength R m Pitting potential E ¢ at room temperature under 650MPa b100 0.2V for full cultivation, 2h creep rupture Strength R at 1000 ℃ u 2/1000 Tensile strength R at 1000 ℃ under 40MPa m The fact that the strength of the stainless steel plate is 80MPa is obviously superior to that of the stainless steel plates in comparative examples 1-3, shows that C, N is added to the stainless steel plate to play a role in solid solution strengthening and second phase strengthening, Nb is added to perform MC phase precipitation strengthening, Mo is added to perform solid solution strengthening, the strength, particularly high-temperature strength and pitting resistance of the stainless steel plate are improved, adverse effects on plasticity of the stainless steel plate are avoided, and the austenitic stainless steel plate with good room-temperature mechanical property, high-temperature mechanical property and pitting resistance is obtained.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The stainless steel plate with good mechanical property and pitting corrosion resistance is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.04-0.15% of C, 0.1-0.5% of N, 0.3-1.5% of Si, 18-24% of Cr, 12-14% of Ni, 0.03-0.6% of Nb, 0-0.07% of Ce, 1.0-2.0% of Mn, 0-2.5% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.01% of S, less than or equal to 0.01% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; elongation after fracture A of the stainless steel plate at room temperature 50 Not less than 40 percent and tensile strength R m Pitting potential E ¢ at room temperature, harvesting 650MPa b100 0.2V for full cultivation, 2h creep rupture Strength R at 1000 ℃ u 2/1000 High tensile strength R under 40MPa m ³80MPa。
2. The stainless steel plate with good mechanical property and pitting corrosion resistance according to claim 1, wherein the stainless steel plate is composed of the following elements by mass: 0.04-0.12% of C, 0.1-0.28% of N, 0.3-1.0% of Si, 18-24% of Cr, 12-14% of Ni, 0.03-0.6% of Nb, 0.02-0.07% of Ce, 1.0-2.0% of Mn, 0-2.5% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.01% of S, less than or equal to 0.01% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. A method for preparing a stainless steel sheet having good mechanical properties and pitting corrosion resistance according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
placing raw materials of C, Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo, Nb and Ce in a crucible, vacuumizing to below 0.1Pa, heating to melt, adding raw materials of Si and Mn, continuously heating and refining for 5-10 min, adding ferrochromium nitride in a nitrogen atmosphere with the pressure of-0.09 MPa to-0.06 MPa, heating to completely melt, standing for 2min, and casting to obtain a steel ingot;
step two, heating the steel ingot obtained in the step one, forging, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a steel plate blank with the thickness of 60 mm-80 mm;
and step three, heating the steel plate blank obtained in the step two to 1150-1200 ℃, then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature in the hot rolling process is 1100-1150 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 750-950 ℃, and the total rolling reduction rate is 90-92.5%, then carrying out solution annealing treatment, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the stainless steel plate.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the nitrogen content of the steel ingot in step one is controlled by adjusting the pressure of the nitrogen atmosphere and the amount of ferrochrome nitride added.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the heating temperature in the second step is 1150 ℃ to 1200 ℃, and the holding time is 5h to 7 h.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the solution annealing treatment in the third step is 1050-1200 ℃, and the holding time is 30-60 min.
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