CN115029613B - 一种高强耐候耐低温yq450nqr1钢的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强耐候耐低温yq450nqr1钢的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115029613B
CN115029613B CN202210600140.7A CN202210600140A CN115029613B CN 115029613 B CN115029613 B CN 115029613B CN 202210600140 A CN202210600140 A CN 202210600140A CN 115029613 B CN115029613 B CN 115029613B
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宋振东
卜向东
乔瑞栋
刘丽娟
惠治国
王永明
郭利宏
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Baotou Iron and Steel Group Co Ltd
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B21B1/463Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
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    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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    • C21C7/00Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0081Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高强耐候耐低温YQ450NQR1钢的制备方法,包括:炼钢生产工艺:高炉铁水—铁水预处理—转炉顶底复吹冶炼—LF炉外精炼—连铸—缓冷坑缓冷;轧钢生产工艺:铸坯加热—高压水一次水除鳞—BD1开坯—BD2轧制—CCS精轧—冷床冷却—矫直—锯切—检查—码垛—打捆—入库—发货。本发明的目的是供一种高强耐候耐低温YQ450NQR1制备方法,解决大方坯生产YQ450NQR1乙字钢角部裂纹和影响轧制成材率等问题。

Description

一种高强耐候耐低温YQ450NQR1钢的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及材料冶金领域,尤其涉及一种高强耐候耐低温YQ450NQR1钢的制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国经济发展对铁路运输的驱动,铁路用钢不断发展,YQ450NQR1高强高耐候乙字钢作为铁路用钢的重要品种,具有高强度、耐腐蚀、耐低温等性能特点,是制作列车车厢中梁的专用特殊型钢,是列车重载的重要保证。从外形上看,乙字钢属于大型非对称断面型材,虽然断面形状简单,但由于上下两腿长短不一,厚薄不同,轧制过程中存在严重的不均匀变形,轧件有向短腿方向弯曲的趋势,同时具有相对其纵轴扭转的趋势,轧制精度控制难度较大,轧制难度的增加也进一步对大方坯铸坯质量控制窗口提出了极高的要求。
由于YQ450NQR1的化学成分C的范围处于包晶钢区,当钢液发生包晶反应凝固时,结晶器内的快速冷却使初生凝固坯壳形成,该过程中发生高温铁素体向奥氏体转变,高温铁素体本身有3.5%~4.0%的体收缩,更关键的在于高温铁素体密度比奥氏体小0.5%~1.0%,在高温下发生铁素体向奥氏体转变的过程表现为线收缩,且在固相线温度以下25~100℃,平均线收缩发生突然增加,结晶器内初生坯壳脱离结晶器铜板形成气隙,使传热减慢,坯壳较薄,铸坯表面裂纹及凹陷缺陷敏感。对于乙字钢铸坯质量的控制,除了包晶钢特性外,由于钢种成分中的Cu、Cr、Ni、Al、V、N元素的含量较高,铸坯表面及皮下质量影响较大,研究指出:高温下固溶的[Al]、[V]在温度降低时以AlN、V(CN)形式在奥氏体晶界呈动态或静态析出,增加应力集中源和裂纹敏感性,铸坯拉矫过程中内弧受张应力,由于振痕的缺口效应产生应力集中,会加速裂纹产生及扩展,尤其铸坯角部。因此,YQ450NQR1乙字钢大方坯铸坯角部裂纹控制是乙字钢高质量生产的关键环节。针对以上技术难点,本发明采用较小的280mm×380mm断面的方坯生产YQ450NQR1乙字钢可以减少以上技术问题,提高YQ450NQR1乙字钢的质量和产量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高强耐候耐低温YQ450NQR1钢的制备方法,以解决大方坯生产YQ450NQR1乙字钢角部裂纹和影响轧制成材率等问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明一种高强耐候耐低温YQ450NQR1钢的制备方法,包括:
炼钢生产工艺:高炉铁水—铁水预处理—转炉顶底复吹冶炼—LF炉外精炼—连铸—缓冷坑缓冷;
轧钢生产工艺:铸坯加热—高压水一次水除鳞—BD1开坯—BD2轧制—CCS精轧—冷床冷却—矫直—锯切—检查—码垛—打捆—入库—发货;
炼钢生产工艺控制过程具体如下:
转炉装入量严格稳定装入量为165±2吨,铁水140吨,废钢25吨,保证出钢量控制在155吨以上,钢水量目标160吨,净空保450mm;
转炉采用高拉补吹操作,点吹时要求深枪、大流量,要求点吹一次后出钢碳成分具备出钢要求;终点控制目标:C:0.06%,T≥1610℃;
出钢前加200-300kg白云石稠渣,挡渣出钢,目标P≤0.013%;
精炼就位加100kg-150kg/炉铝铁,白灰加入量每炉不小于500kg;
软吹保证钢水液面不裸露,软吹时间≥10min;
开浇上钢温度控制1605℃-1610℃,根据钢包实际温降调整上钢温度,第二及以后炉次上钢温度控制在1575℃-1585℃之间,过热度控制≤35℃;
结晶器水量控制在3200-3241L/min之间,结晶器进出水温差按3-6℃之间控制;
生产过程中各流的比水量控制:比水量为0.22L/kg,采用弱冷水表;
铸机拉速控制在0.62~0.65m/min;
各流进拉矫机温度≥920℃;
缓冷时间≥24小时;
轧钢生产工艺控制过程具体如下::
热温度:预热时间≥1.5小时,预热温度≤800℃;加热时间≥4小时,加热温度≤1280℃,均热时间≥45分钟;
BD1轧机开轧温度≤1180℃,BD1轧制7道次;
BD2轧制3道次,进BD2温度≤1100℃;
CCS轧制1道次,终轧温度≤890℃。
进一步的,点吹1分钟后流量调到30000m3/h以上。
进一步的,转炉采用高拉补吹操作中,拉碳0.10≤C≤0.20)。
进一步的,结晶器水量按3200L/min。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益技术效果:
铸坯角部裂纹减少,提高产品的质量;
铸坯尺寸变小,可以减少加热炉的加热时间;
BD1的轧制道次减少,可以调高产品的生产效率。
附图说明
下面结合附图说明对本发明作进一步说明。
图1为280mm×380mm断面生产的YQ450NQR1铸坯角部照片。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例进一步说明。
该实施例是通过某钢厂生产的280mm×380mm断面生产的YQ450NQR1乙字钢,具体的控制炼钢工艺参数见表1.
表1炼钢工艺参数控制
Figure BDA0003665876910000041
表2轧钢工艺参数控制
Figure BDA0003665876910000042
表3实施例的力学性能检测
Figure BDA0003665876910000043
Figure BDA0003665876910000051
通过以上炼钢及轧钢工艺控制,280mm×380mm断面生产的YQ450NQR1乙字钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率及-40℃的冲击韧性都能满足标准要求。如图1所示,280mm×380mm断面生产的YQ450NQR1铸坯的角部没有裂纹。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (4)

1.一种高强耐候耐低温YQ450NQR1钢的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
炼钢生产工艺:高炉铁水—铁水预处理—转炉顶底复吹冶炼—LF炉外精炼—连铸—缓冷坑缓冷;
轧钢生产工艺:铸坯加热—高压水一次水除鳞—BD1开坯—BD2轧制—CCS精轧—冷床冷却—矫直—锯切—检查—码垛—打捆—入库—发货;
炼钢生产工艺控制过程具体如下:
转炉装入量严格稳定装入量为165±2吨,铁水140吨,废钢25吨,保证出钢量控制在155吨以上,钢水量目标160吨,净空保450mm;
转炉采用高拉补吹操作,点吹时要求深枪、大流量,要求点吹一次后出钢碳成分具备出钢要求;终点控制目标:C:0.06%,T≥1610℃;
出钢前加200-300kg白云石稠渣,挡渣出钢,目标P≤0.013%;
精炼就位加100kg-150kg/炉铝铁,白灰加入量每炉不小于500kg;
软吹保证钢水液面不裸露,软吹时间≥10min;
开浇上钢温度控制1605℃-1610℃,根据钢包实际温降调整上钢温度,第二及以后炉次上钢温度控制在1575℃-1585℃之间,过热度控制≤35℃;
结晶器水量控制在3200-3241L/min之间,结晶器进出水温差按3-6℃之间控制;
生产过程中各流的比水量控制:比水量为0.22L/kg,采用弱冷水表;
铸机拉速控制在0.62~0.65m/min;
各流进拉矫机温度≥920℃;
缓冷时间≥24小时;
轧钢生产工艺控制过程具体如下::
热温度:预热时间≥1.5小时,预热温度≤800℃;加热时间≥4小时,加热温度≤1280℃,均热时间≥45分钟;
BD1轧机开轧温度≤1180℃,BD1轧制7道次;
BD2轧制3道次,进BD2温度≤1100℃;
CCS轧制1道次,终轧温度≤890℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强耐候耐低温YQ450NQR1钢的制备方法,其特征在于,点吹1分钟后流量调到30000m3/h以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高强耐候耐低温YQ450NQR1钢的制备方法,其特征在于,转炉采用高拉补吹操作中,拉碳0.10≤C≤0.20。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高强耐候耐低温YQ450NQR1钢的制备方法,其特征在于,结晶器水量按3200L/min。
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