CN115029148B - Method for co-production of high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous biochar by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastics - Google Patents
Method for co-production of high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous biochar by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastics Download PDFInfo
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- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for co-producing high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous biochar by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastics, which comprises the following steps: mixing pulverized biomass with MgCl 2 Uniformly soaking and mixing, and then uniformly and mechanically mixing with polyolefin plastics to obtain a pyrolysis raw material; the pyrolysis raw material and the molecular sieve catalyst are placed in a two-stage fixed bed reactor in an opening way, and the rapid pyrolysis reaction is carried out in the nitrogen atmosphere; cooling volatile matters generated by rapid pyrolysis by adopting an ice-water mixture, and collecting liquid products to obtain high-quality biological oil; and heating the pyrolysis raw material to perform slow pyrolysis to improve the modification degree of the biochar, and then collecting solid products, washing and drying to obtain the mesoporous biochar. The invention has the advantages of low cost, convenient operation and stable and efficient co-production of high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous biochar. The invention is beneficial to realizing the high-value utilization of biomass waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biomass utilization, and in particular relates to a method for co-producing high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous biochar by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastics.
Background
Biomass has the advantages of huge reserves, wide distribution, stable sources, low cost, easy obtainment and the like as the only renewable energy source containing carbon. The pyrolysis technology is considered as one of the most promising biomass utilization technologies due to the characteristics of full component conversion, high utilization efficiency, strong raw material adaptability, simple device and the like. The pyrolysis gas obtained by biomass pyrolysis can supply heat for biomass pyrolysis, so that energy self-sufficiency is realized; the biological oil is expected to be used as a substitute fuel of gasoline and diesel oil, and the organic components in the biological oil can be used for preparing high-added-value chemicals after separation and purification; the biochar can be used as a high-grade solid fuel and further processed into adsorbents, electrode materials and the like. However, the bio-oil obtained by conventional pyrolysis of biomass has the defects of high oxygen content, strong acidity, poor stability and the like, and the bio-carbon has low porosity, so that popularization and application are seriously hindered.
Compared with the conventional pyrolysis of biomass, the co-catalytic pyrolysis of the oxygen-enriched biomass and the hydrogen-enriched polyolefin plastic is carried out under the action of the molecular sieve, and the deoxidization of the biomass pyrolysis volatile matters can be promoted through the interaction between the biomass pyrolysis volatile matters and the polyolefin plastic pyrolysis volatile matters, so that the quality of the biological oil is improved, and the technology is widely paid attention in recent years.
Current co-catalytic pyrolysis techniques typically use zeolite molecular sieves (e.g., ZSM-5 molecular sieves) as catalysts. Because biomass pyrolysis volatile components are complex, and plastic polyolefin plastic pyrolysis volatile components contain a large amount of long-chain hydrocarbon substances, the interaction between the biomass pyrolysis volatile components and the polyolefin plastic pyrolysis volatile components at a molecular sieve interface is weak, and the quality of the biological oil needs to be further improved. On the other hand, the current co-catalytic pyrolysis technology has less attention to the biochar, the yield of the biochar in the biomass and polyolefin plastic co-catalytic pyrolysis product is 15% -35%, the quality of the part of the biochar is low and is difficult to apply, and the economical efficiency of the co-catalytic pyrolysis technology is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides a method for co-producing high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous biochar by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastic, which improves the added value of the product and has the advantages of low cost, simple process and capability of continuously and efficiently preparing biomass-based products.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for co-producing high quality bio-oil and mesoporous bio-char by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastics, comprising the steps of:
s1, crushing biomass into particles with 60-100 meshes, and mixing the biomass with MgCl according to a mass ratio of 4:1-19:1 2 Uniformly mixing by dipping, evaporating water and drying to obtain MgCl 2 A modified biomass sample;
s2, crushing polyolefin plastic into particles with 60-100 meshes, drying, and mixing the polyolefin plastic with MgCl according to the mass ratio of 1:5-1:1 2 Uniformly mixing the modified biomass sample in a mechanical stirring mode to obtain a pyrolysis raw material;
s3, respectively placing a pyrolysis raw material and a ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst in an upper section and a lower section of a two-section fixed bed reactor, carrying out quick pyrolysis reaction in a nitrogen atmosphere, and reforming volatile matters generated by the pyrolysis raw material reaction through a 600 ℃ molecular sieve bed layer, wherein the temperature of the upper section of the fixed bed reactor is 500-600 ℃, the reaction time is 10min, and the mass ratio of the pyrolysis raw material to the molecular sieve is 1:8-1:4;
s4, cooling the volatile components reformed in the step S3 by adopting an ice-water mixture, and collecting a liquid product to obtain a high-quality bio-oil product;
s5, raising the temperature of the upper section of the reactor in the step S3 to 650-800 ℃ at a low speed at a speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30min to strengthen the modification process of the biochar, pickling the solid product obtained after the reaction is finished, filtering and flushing the solid product with excessive deionized water until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the solid product to obtain the mesoporous biochar.
Further, the biomass in the step S1 is one or more of cotton stalk, wheat straw, chestnut shell and bamboo scraps.
Further, the evaporating moisture temperature in the step S1 is 35-65 ℃, the drying temperature is 35-65 ℃ and the drying time is 12-24 hours.
Further, the polyolefin plastic in the step S2 is one or more of low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene and polypropylene.
Further, the drying temperature in the step S2 is 35-65 ℃ and the drying time is 12-24 hours.
Further, the main components of the high quality bio-oil in the step S4 are benzene, toluene, and p-toluene.
Further, the acid washing in the step S5 is performed by adopting a hydrochloric acid solution, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.5-1 mol/L, the drying temperature is 105 ℃, and the drying time is 12-24 hours.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
(1) The method of the invention ingeniously utilizes MgCl 2 And MgO obtained by conversion in the pyrolysis process reforms biomass pyrolysis volatile matters and polyolefin plastic pyrolysis volatile matters respectively, so that the interaction of the biomass pyrolysis volatile matters and the polyolefin plastic pyrolysis volatile matters at a ZSM-5 molecular sieve interface is enhanced by simplifying the composition of the biomass pyrolysis volatile matters and promoting the generation of short-chain hydrocarbons, the quality of biological oil is improved, and the method does not need to additionally introduce other catalysts to realize the regulation and control of the biomass pyrolysis volatile matters and the polyolefin plastic pyrolysis volatile matters at the same time, so that the cost of the catalyst is reduced.
(2) The method of the invention obtains high-quality biological oil and simultaneously passes MgCl 2 The pore structure of the biochar is greatly improved by the catalytic action of MgO and the template action of MgO, so that the co-production of high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous biochar is realized in the same reactor, and the operation complexity is reduced.
(3) The method combines the low-temperature stage fast pyrolysis and the high-temperature stage slow pyrolysis, and optimizes the reaction parameters, thereby realizing the balance between the quality improvement of the biological oil and the quality improvement of the mesoporous biological carbon, and greatly improving the economy of the co-catalytic pyrolysis technology.
(4) The catalyst and the pyrolysis raw material are placed separately, so that the coke product and the catalyst are convenient to recycle, the problem of resource waste in the traditional catalytic pyrolysis process is avoided, and the pyrolysis gas obtained by the method can supply heat for biomass pyrolysis, realize self-supply of energy in the pyrolysis process, and improve the utilization efficiency of biomass energy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for co-producing high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous bio-carbon by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastics, which is provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for co-producing high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous biochar by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastic provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing biomass into particles with 60-100 meshes, and mixing the biomass with MgCl according to a mass ratio of 4:1-19:1 2 Uniformly mixing by dipping, evaporating water and drying to obtain MgCl 2 A modified biomass sample;
(2) Crushing polyolefin plastic into particles with 60-100 meshes, drying, and mixing the polyolefin plastic with MgCl according to the mass ratio of 1:5-1:1 2 Uniformly mixing the modified biomass sample in a mechanical stirring mode to obtain a pyrolysis raw material;
(3) Respectively placing a pyrolysis raw material and a ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst in an upper section and a lower section of a two-section fixed bed reactor, carrying out quick pyrolysis reaction under nitrogen atmosphere, and reforming volatile matters generated by the pyrolysis raw material reaction through a 600 ℃ molecular sieve bed layer, wherein the temperature of the upper section of the fixed bed reactor is 500-600 ℃, the reaction time is 10min, and the mass ratio of the pyrolysis raw material to the molecular sieve is 1:8-1:4;
(4) Cooling the volatile components reformed in the step (3) by adopting an ice-water mixture, and collecting a liquid product to obtain a high-quality bio-oil product;
(5) And (3) slowly raising the temperature of the upper section of the reactor in the step (3) to 650-800 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30min to strengthen the modification process of the biochar, pickling the solid product obtained after the reaction is finished, filtering and flushing the solid product with excessive deionized water until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the solid product to obtain the mesoporous biochar.
Wherein the biomass in the step (1) is one or more of cotton stalk, wheat straw, chestnut shell and bamboo scraps.
The evaporating moisture temperature in the step (1) is 35-65 ℃, the drying temperature is 35-65 ℃ and the drying time is 12-24 h.
The polyolefin plastic in the step (2) is one or more of low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene and polypropylene.
The drying temperature in the step (2) is 35-65 ℃ and the drying time is 12-24 h.
The main components of the high-quality bio-oil in the step (4) are benzene, toluene and p-toluene.
The acid washing in the step (5) is carried out by adopting a hydrochloric acid solution, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.5-1 mol/L, the drying temperature is 105 ℃, and the drying time is 12-24 hours.
The principle of the inventive concept of the present invention is: (1) biological oil quality improvement aspect: in the low temperature pyrolysis stage, mgCl 2 The catalytic action of (2) simplifies the pyrolysis volatile components of biomass, reduces unstable phenols and high-oxygen saccharides, and partially reduces MgCl after the temperature is raised 2 To MgO, at which time the polyolefin plastic begins to depolymerize, and long-chain hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis volatiles of the polyolefin plastic are converted to short-chain hydrocarbons under the catalysis of MgO. The reforming process enhances the interaction of biomass pyrolysis volatile matters and polyolefin plastic pyrolysis volatile matters at the molecular sieve interface, and further improves the quality of the biological oil. (2) the improvement of the quality of the biochar: in the low temperature pyrolysis stage, mgCl 2 The pores of the biochar are improved through the effects of catalytic dehydration and the like, and MgCl is added after the temperature is increased 2 The template effect of the MgO is also capable of improving the pores of the biochar. (3) the aspect of biological oil and biological carbon co-production: in order to shorten the interval between the time of the pyrolysis and the analysis of the pyrolysis and the volatilization of the biomass and the polyolefin plastic as much as possible, so that the pyrolysis and the volatilization of the biomass and the polyolefin plastic pass through the molecular sieve bed layer as much as possible at the same time, the interaction between the two volatile matters is enhanced, and a faster heating rate and a relatively lower temperature are needed. And a slower heating rate and a higher temperature are needed for improving the modification degree of the biochar. Thus, the first and second substrates are bonded together,the invention adopts a low-temperature stage fast pyrolysis and a high-temperature stage slow pyrolysis mode to treat pyrolysis raw materials, thereby realizing the co-production of high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous biochar.
In order to describe the method of the present invention in more detail, the following description will illustrate the effect of the present invention in a preferred embodiment.
Example 1
The embodiment describes a method for co-producing high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous biochar by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastics, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing cotton stalks into particles with 60-100 meshes, and mixing the cotton stalks with MgCl according to a mass ratio of 7:1 2 Uniformly mixing by dipping, evaporating water at 35 ℃, and drying in a 55 ℃ oven for 24 hours to obtain MgCl 2 A modified biomass sample;
(2) Pulverizing low-density polyethylene plastic into particles with 60-100 meshes, then placing the particles in a 55 ℃ oven for drying for 24 hours, and mixing the polyolefin plastic and MgCl according to the mass ratio of 1:1 2 Uniformly mixing the modified biomass sample in a mechanical stirring mode to obtain a pyrolysis raw material;
(3) The catalytic pyrolysis is carried out by using a two-stage fixed bed reactor, pyrolysis raw materials and ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalysts are respectively placed in the top end of the upper section of the reactor and a hanging basket in the middle of the lower section of the reactor before the pyrolysis process starts, and then the upper section and the lower section of the reactor are respectively heated to 550 ℃ and 600 ℃. And then quickly placing a hanging basket filled with pyrolysis raw materials in the middle part of the upper section of the reactor, and carrying out catalytic reforming on volatile matters generated by depolymerization of the pyrolysis raw materials under the action of nitrogen through a ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst bed. Wherein the mass ratio of the pyrolysis raw material to the ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst is 1:4, and the reaction time is 10min;
(4) Cooling the volatile components reformed in the step (3) by adopting an ice-water mixture, and collecting a liquid product to obtain a high-quality bio-oil product;
(5) And (3) slowly raising the temperature of the upper section of the reactor in the step (3) to 700 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 30min to strengthen the modification process of the biochar. And (3) pickling the solid product obtained after the reaction is finished by using a 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, filtering and flushing the solid product by using excessive deionized water until the filtrate is neutral, and then drying the washed solid product in a 105 ℃ oven for 24 hours to obtain the mesoporous biochar.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example illustrates a method for preparing high quality bio-oil by co-catalytic pyrolysis of conventional biomass and polyolefin plastics, which specifically comprises the steps of:
(1) Crushing cotton stalks into particles with 60-100 meshes, and then placing the particles in a 55 ℃ oven for drying for 24 hours to obtain a biomass sample;
(2) Crushing low-density polyethylene plastic into particles with 60-100 meshes, then placing the particles in a 55 ℃ oven for drying for 24 hours, and uniformly mixing polyolefin plastic and a biomass sample in a mechanical stirring mode according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a pyrolysis raw material;
(3) And (3) carrying out catalytic pyrolysis by using a two-stage fixed bed reactor, respectively placing pyrolysis raw materials and a ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst in the top end of the upper section of the reactor and a hanging basket in the middle of the lower section of the reactor before the pyrolysis process starts, and heating both the upper section and the lower section of the reactor to 600 ℃. And then quickly placing a hanging basket filled with pyrolysis raw materials in the middle part of the upper section of the reactor, and carrying out catalytic reforming on volatile matters generated by depolymerization of the pyrolysis raw materials under the action of nitrogen through a ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst bed. Wherein the mass ratio of the pyrolysis raw material to the ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst is 1:4, and the reaction time is 10min;
(4) And (3) cooling the reformed volatile matters in the step (3) by adopting an ice-water mixture, collecting a liquid product to obtain a biological oil product, and collecting a solid product to obtain a biological carbon product.
The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined test shows that the selectivity of the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (benzene, toluene and p-toluene) in the high-quality biological oil in the example 1 is 80%, and the yield (peak area) is 1.35E+9; the selectivity of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (benzene, toluene, p-toluene) in the bio-oil in comparative example 1 was 72%, and the yield (peak area) thereof was 1.20e+9. In addition, the pore characteristics characterization test shows that the mesoporous biochar obtained in the embodiment 1 has a developed pore structure, and the specific surface area reaches 475m 2 G, and medium Kong Zhanbi is 85%; the biochar of comparative example 1 had a specific surface area of 102m 2 /g, and the microwell ratio is 92%. In conclusion, the invention can obviously improve the yield and selectivity of the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (benzene, toluene and p-toluene) in the biological oil, can obviously improve the specific surface area and the mesoporous content of the biological carbon, and the obtained carbon product can be used as the mesoporous biological carbon.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for co-producing high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous biochar by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastics is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, crushing biomass into particles with 60-100 meshes, and mixing the biomass with MgCl according to a mass ratio of 4:1-19:1 2 Uniformly mixing by dipping, evaporating water and drying to obtain MgCl 2 A modified biomass sample;
s2, crushing the polyolefin plastic into particles with 60-100 meshes, drying, and mixing the polyolefin plastic with MgCl according to a mass ratio of 1:5-1:1 2 Uniformly mixing the modified biomass sample in a mechanical stirring mode to obtain a pyrolysis raw material;
s3, respectively placing a pyrolysis raw material and a ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst in an upper section and a lower section of a two-section fixed bed reactor, carrying out quick pyrolysis reaction in a nitrogen atmosphere, and reforming volatile matters generated by the pyrolysis raw material reaction through a 600 ℃ molecular sieve bed layer, wherein the temperature of the upper section of the fixed bed reactor is 500-600 ℃, the reaction time is 10min, and the mass ratio of the pyrolysis raw material to the molecular sieve is 1:8-1:4;
s4, cooling the volatile components reformed in the step S3 by adopting an ice-water mixture, and collecting a liquid product to obtain a high-quality bio-oil product;
s5, slowly raising the temperature of the upper section of the reactor in the step S3 to 650-800 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30min to strengthen the modification process of the biochar, pickling the solid product obtained after the reaction is finished, filtering and flushing the solid product with excessive deionized water until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the solid product to obtain the mesoporous biochar;
the main components of the high-quality bio-oil in the step S4 are benzene, toluene and p-toluene.
2. The method for co-producing high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous biochar by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastics according to claim 1, wherein the biomass in the step S1 is one or more of cotton stalk, wheat straw, chestnut shell and bamboo dust.
3. The method for co-producing high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous biochar by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastics according to claim 1, wherein the evaporating moisture temperature in the step S1 is 35-65 ℃, the drying temperature is 35-65 ℃ and the drying time is 12-24 h.
4. The method for co-producing high quality bio-oil and mesoporous bio-char by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastic according to claim 1, wherein the polyolefin plastic in the step S2 is one or more of low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene and polypropylene.
5. The method for co-producing high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous bio-carbon by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastics according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in the step S2 is 35 ℃ to 65 ℃ and the drying time is 12h to 24h.
6. The method for co-producing high-quality bio-oil and mesoporous biochar by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastics according to claim 1, wherein the acid washing in the step S5 is performed by adopting a hydrochloric acid solution, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.5-1 mol/L, the drying temperature is 105 ℃, and the drying time is 12-24 hours.
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