CN115028415B - High-strength premixed pervious concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength premixed pervious concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115028415B CN115028415B CN202210797434.3A CN202210797434A CN115028415B CN 115028415 B CN115028415 B CN 115028415B CN 202210797434 A CN202210797434 A CN 202210797434A CN 115028415 B CN115028415 B CN 115028415B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00284—Materials permeable to liquids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength premixed pervious concrete and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of concrete materials. The premixed pervious concrete comprises the following raw materials in per cubic meter by weight: 365-410 kg of cement, 0-30 kg of silica fume, 0-60 kg of mineral powder, 131-232 kg of machine-made sand, 1318-1504 kg of broken stone, 8.1-14.4 kg of reinforcing agent, 7.3-11.25 kg of premixing agent and 103.8-129 kg of water. The ready-mixed pervious concrete provided by the invention can meet the engineering requirements of current heavy-load pervious pavement on high reinforcement and ready mixing, realizes the balance and unification between the high reinforcement and the ready mixing of the heavy-load pervious concrete, and has important significance and value for promoting the rapid development of sponge city construction and pervious concrete industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-strength premixed pervious concrete and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of concrete materials.
Background
The pervious concrete is an essential pervious paving material in the sponge city construction process. Due to the porous characteristic of the pervious concrete, the pervious concrete is generally low in mechanical property, so that the pervious concrete is mainly used in non-heavy-load areas such as footpaths, green roads, non-motor vehicle lanes and small squares. The premise that the pervious concrete can be used for heavy-load pavement is to improve the mechanical property of the pervious concrete. In addition, the traditional preparation method of pervious concrete is road mixing, and the efficiency is lower. The key to large-scale high-efficiency implementation of the pervious concrete is to break through the premixing technology of the pervious concrete and solve the problem of long-distance transportation. With the continuous promotion of sponge city construction, the demand of society to heavily loaded permeable pavement is increasing day by day, and heavily loaded permeable pavement corresponds generally to use scenes such as town road, large-scale square, and the preparation mode of road mixing obviously can't satisfy the feed demand in the work progress. Therefore, the development of the high-strength premixed permeable concrete suitable for heavy-load pavement has important practical significance.
From the basic mechanical property requirements of heavy-load pavement, JTGF30-2015 Highway cement concrete pavement construction technical specification and JTG D40-2019 Highway cement concrete pavement design specification both require that the compressive strength of the pavement paving material is not lower than C40 grade and the flexural strength is not lower than 5MPa. Such technical parameter requirements are very challenging for pervious concrete, and if a premixing technology is combined at the same time, the preparation difficulty of the high-strength pervious concrete is further increased. The reason is that a certain contradiction exists between the high reinforcement and the premixing of the pervious concrete in the prior art. Because the existing pervious concrete premixing technology mainly uses a water reducing component (such as a water reducing agent for improving the fluidity of cement paste) and a lubricating component (such as rubber powder and other polymers for improving the frictional resistance between stones) in a composite way to improve the slump and the flowing capacity of pervious concrete, the rubber powder material can reduce the strength of the pervious concrete and is unfavorable for the mechanical property. Therefore, the existing technical standards and regulations (such as local standard DB 32/T4163-2021 in Jiangsu province) of the premixed pervious concrete only limit the strength index of the premixed pervious concrete to be below C35, and the actual requirements for heavy-load pervious pavement are difficult to meet.
How to effectively realize the balance and unification between the high reinforcement and the premixing of the pervious concrete is a practical problem in the pervious concrete industry under the large background of the construction of the sponge city and a technical problem which must be overcome in the process of vigorously advancing the construction of the sponge city, but the prior technical scheme cannot meet the requirement. Through comparative analysis, the prior art is difficult to meet the requirements of heavy-load permeable pavement on a high-strength technology and a premixing technology, and a new technical means needs to be developed to prepare the high-strength premixed permeable concrete material, so that the method has important significance and value for promoting the sponge city construction and the rapid development of the permeable concrete industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-strength ready-mixed pervious concrete and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides high-strength ready-mixed pervious concrete, wherein each cubic meter of the ready-mixed pervious concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 365-410 kg of cement, 0-30 kg of silica fume, 0-60 kg of mineral powder, 131-232 kg of machine-made sand, 1318-1504 kg of broken stone, 8.1-14.4 kg of reinforcing agent, 7.3-11.25 kg of premixed agent and 103.8-129 kg of water.
Further, the cement is a P & I62.5R type portland cement or a P & O52.5 type portland cement.
Further, the silica fume is SF 96-grade silica fume or SF 92-grade silica fume, and the content of active silica in the silica fume is more than or equal to 93.5%; the mineral powder is S105 grade mineral powder or S95 grade mineral powder, and the specific surface area of the mineral powder is more than or equal to 700m 2 /kg。
Further, the machine-made sand is granite, the particle size is 0.212-2.36 mm, and the continuous grading is that the sand is prepared according to the particle size of 0.212-0.425 mm: 0.425-0.85 mm: 0.85-2.36mm =3 (weight ratio).
Further, the crushed stone is basalt, and the particle size is 4.75-9.5 mm.
Further, the reinforcing agent comprises 0.06-0.09% of xanthan gum and 12-20% of calcium carbonate whiskers by weight percentage, and the balance is a gelling agent.
Furthermore, the gelling agent is prepared according to patent CN 110304858B, namely a pervious concrete gelling agent.
Furthermore, the calcium carbonate whisker is aragonite calcium carbonate whisker naturally cooled after being treated at the high temperature of 450 ℃ for 60min, and has the diameter of 1 μm and the length of 30 μm.
Further, the pre-mixing agent comprises, by weight, 12% -22% of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 15% -20% of a fly ash sinking bead, 0.7% -1.5% of diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 0.5% -1.8% of sulfonated oil, 0.1% -0.5% of tartaric acid, 1% -2.1% of triethanolamine, and the balance of water, wherein the total weight is 100%.
Further, the water reducing rate of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is not less than 20%.
Further, the preparation method of the ready-mixed agent comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, and mixing and stirring for 120s to obtain the ready-mixed agent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-strength premixed pervious concrete, which is used for preparing 1 cubic meter of premixed pervious concrete and comprises the following steps:
weighing the raw materials according to the weight, mixing and stirring the machine-made sand and the crushed stone for 15s, then adding part of water and the reinforcing agent, continuously stirring for 30s, then adding the cement, the silica fume, the mineral powder and the rest of water, continuously stirring for 45s, finally adding the premixing agent, and stirring for 90s to obtain the premixing pervious concrete with high strength.
Further, the first addition of water is 3 times the second addition.
The basic principle of the invention mainly comprises the following points:
(1) By introducing the inorganic gelling agent, the inorganic gelling agent is pre-coated on the surface of the sandstone in the preparation process by utilizing the stirring process, and then the cement, the silica fume and the mineral powder are mixed to realize the effective improvement of the interface transition area between the sandstone and the cement matrix, thereby effectively improving the effect of the inorganic gelling agent on the improvement of the mechanical property of the pervious concrete; after the aragonite type calcium carbonate whisker is treated at the high temperature of 450 ℃ for 60min and naturally cooled, the crystal form transformation of the surface region of the whisker can be promoted to form a rough aragonite type calcium carbonate coating, the bonding performance of the whisker and a cement matrix is improved on the premise of not weakening the overall mechanical performance of the whisker, and meanwhile, the enhancement effect of the whisker on the microscopic scale can be further enhanced by compositely using the inorganic gelling agent. In addition, the xanthan gum is matched for use, so that the uniform dispersion effect of the whiskers in the inorganic gelling agent can be effectively improved, the agglomeration phenomenon of the whiskers is effectively avoided, and the microscopic reinforcing effect of the whiskers is fully exerted.
(2) Based on the Bingham rheology principle of concrete, the polycarboxylate water reducer and the fly ash sinking bead are jointly used, and the yield stress of the freshly-mixed pervious concrete is reduced and the initial fluidity of the freshly-mixed pervious concrete is improved through the plasticizing function of the water reducer and the rolling ball effect of the sinking bead; the method has the advantages that the diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and the sulfonated oil are jointly used, the viscosity reducing function of the diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride is exerted, the plastic viscosity of the freshly-mixed pervious concrete is reduced, and the viscosity among particles and gaps in the freshly-mixed pervious concrete is further reduced through the emulsification and hydrophobic effect of the sulfonated oil, so that the flow rate of the freshly-mixed pervious concrete is improved; the tartaric acid is used for prolonging the initial setting time of the newly-mixed permeable concrete and realizing the retarding effect; the emulsifying and moisturizing function of triethanolamine is used to improve the water retention capacity of the freshly mixed pervious concrete. Based on the principle, the premixing agent provided by the invention can effectively improve the premixing performance of freshly-mixed pervious concrete and realize the functions of large flow state, delayed coagulation, water retention and the like.
(3) In the hardening stage of the pervious concrete, the pozzolanic activity of the fly ash precipitated beads can consume non-gelling calcium hydroxide crystals generated by cement hydration to generate gelling calcium silicate hydrate, and the mechanical property of the pervious concrete is improved while a matrix is compacted; the emulsification and hydrophobic effect of the sulfonated oil can reduce the thickness of a water film layer on the surfaces of stones, machine-made sand and light-burned calcium carbonate whiskers, so that an interface transition region is reduced or even eliminated, the enhancement effect of the inorganic gelling agent is further enhanced, and the mechanical property of the pervious concrete is improved; in addition, the triethanolamine introduced by the method can effectively reduce the water surface tension of the capillary pores and slow down the decrease of the concave liquid level of the capillary pores caused by the water loss of the capillary pores in the hardening process of the pervious concrete, so that the pressure of the capillary pores is effectively reduced, the shrinkage of a cement matrix of the prepared pervious concrete is reduced, the shrinkage cracking in the matrix is reduced, and the mechanical property of the pervious concrete is further improved. Therefore, the premixed agent prepared by the invention does not reduce the mechanical property of the pervious concrete, but can generate a gain effect, and has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress compared with the prior pervious concrete premixing technology.
The properties of the existing high-strength pervious concrete and the ready-mixed pervious concrete are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Properties of existing high-strength pervious concrete and Ready-mix pervious concrete
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
compared with the prior art, the high-strength premixed pervious concrete provided by the invention has the most remarkable advantages that under the conventional curing condition, the 28D cubic compressive strength can reach 64.1MPa, the bending strength can reach 7.5MPa, and the mechanical property requirements of JTG D40-2019 'design rules of highway cement concrete pavements' on heavy-load pavements are met; the water permeability coefficient is 1.05-2.1 mm/s, the initial slump of the ready-mixed pervious concrete is 185-195 mm, the slump loss (90 min) is 25mm, the initial setting time is 265-305 min, and the requirements of DB 32/T4163-2021 technical specification for the application of the ready-mixed pervious concrete on the workability of the ready-mixed pervious concrete are met. Therefore, the high-strength premixed pervious concrete provided by the invention can meet the engineering requirements of current heavy-load pervious pavement on high reinforcement and premixing, realizes the balance and unification between the high reinforcement and the premixing of the heavy-load pervious concrete, and has important significance and value for promoting the rapid development of sponge city construction and pervious concrete industry.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in the present disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, to the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every intervening value, to the extent any stated value or intervening value in a stated range, and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range, is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The starting materials and the processing means used in the examples of the present invention are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available starting materials and techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides high-strength ready-mixed pervious concrete, wherein each cubic meter of the ready-mixed pervious concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 365-410 kg of cement, 0-30 kg of silica fume, 0-60 kg of mineral powder, 131-232 kg of machine-made sand, 1318-1504 kg of broken stone, 8.1-14.4 kg of reinforcing agent, 7.3-11.25 kg of premixed agent and 103.8-129 kg of water.
Further, the cement is a P & I62.5R type portland cement or a P & O52.5 type portland cement.
Further, the silica fume is SF 96-grade silica fume or SF92-grade silica fume, wherein the content of active carbon dioxide in the silica fume is more than or equal to 93.5%; the mineral powder is S105 grade mineral powder or S95 grade mineral powder, and the specific surface area of the mineral powder is more than or equal to 700m 2 /kg。
Further, the machine-made sand is granite with the grain diameter of 0.212-2.36 mm, and is continuously graded according to the grain diameter of 0.212-0.425 mm:0.425 to 0.85mm: 0.85-2.36mm =3 (weight ratio).
Furthermore, the crushed stone is basalt, the grain size is 4.75-9.5 mm, and the crushed stone is continuously graded.
Further, the reinforcing agent comprises 0.06-0.09% of xanthan gum and 12-20% of calcium carbonate whiskers by weight percentage, and the balance is a gelling agent.
Furthermore, the gelling agent is prepared according to patent CN 110304858B, a pervious concrete gelling agent.
Furthermore, the calcium carbonate whisker is aragonite calcium carbonate whisker naturally cooled after being treated at the high temperature of 450 ℃ for 60min, and has the diameter of 1-2 mu m and the length of 20-30 mu m.
Further, the pre-mixing agent comprises, by weight, 12% -22% of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 15% -20% of a fly ash sinking bead, 0.7% -1.5% of diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 0.5% -1.8% of sulfonated oil, 0.1% -0.5% of tartaric acid, 1% -2.1% of triethanolamine, and the balance of water, wherein the total weight is 100%.
Further, the water reducing rate of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is not less than 20%, and the specific type is not limited.
Further, the preparation method of the ready-mixed agent comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, and mixing and stirring for 120s to obtain the ready-mixed agent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-strength premixed pervious concrete, which is used for preparing 1 cubic meter of premixed pervious concrete and comprises the following steps:
weighing the raw materials according to the weight, mixing and stirring the machine-made sand and the crushed stone for 15s, then adding part of water and the reinforcing agent, continuing to stir for 30s, then adding the cement, the silica fume, the mineral powder and the rest water, continuing to stir for 45s, finally adding the premixing agent, and stirring for 90s to obtain the high-strength premixing pervious concrete.
Further, the first addition of water is 3 times the second addition.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of C60 ready-mixed pervious concrete comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, 2475g of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 2137.5g of coal ash sinking beads, 169g of diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 202.5g of sulfonated oil, 56g of tartaric acid and 236g of triethanolamine are taken, 5.974kg of water is added, and the mixture is mixed and stirred for 120s to obtain a premixing agent for later use;
(2) Secondly, taking 11.507kg of gelling agent, 13g of xanthan gum and 2880g of calcium carbonate crystal whisker (with the diameter of 1 mu m and the length of 30 mu m), mixing and stirring for 60s to obtain a reinforcing agent for later use;
(3) Then, 232kg of machine-made sand (granite is graded according to the weight ratio of 0.425-0.85mm to 0.85-2.36mm = 3) and 1318kg of crushed stone (particle size is 4.75-9.5 mm) are mixed and stirred in a concrete mixer for 15s;
(4) Then, adding 97kg of water and the reinforcing agent prepared in the step (2) into the concrete mixer, and continuing to stir for 30s;
(5) Then, 360kg of cement (P.I62.5R type portland cement), 30kg of silica fume (SF 96-grade silica fume, the content of active silica is more than or equal to 97 percent), and mineral powder (S105-grade mineral powder, the specific surface area is more than or equal to 800 m) are added 2 /kg) 60kg and 32kg of water, and continuously stirring for 45s;
(6) And (3) finally, adding the premixed agent prepared in the step (1), and continuously stirring for 90s to obtain the premixed pervious concrete material.
Example 2
A preparation method of C55 ready-mixed pervious concrete comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, 2150g of polycarboxylic acid water reducer, 2150g of fly ash sinking bead, 129g of diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 161.5g of sulfonated oil, 43g of tartaric acid and 193.5g of triethanolamine are taken, 5.923kg of water is added, and the mixture is mixed and stirred for 120s to obtain a ready-mixed agent for later use;
(2) Secondly, taking 11.569kg of gelling agent, 9g of xanthan gum and 2322g of calcium carbonate crystal whisker (the diameter is 1 μm, the length is 30 μm), mixing and stirring for 60s to obtain a reinforcing agent for later use;
(3) Then, 204kg of machine-made sand (granite is graded according to the weight ratio of the particle size of 0.212-0.425mm to 0.425-0.85mm = 2.36mm);
(4) Then, adding 92.5kg of water and the reinforcing agent prepared in the step (2) into the concrete mixer, and continuing to stir for 30s;
(5) 365kg of cement (P.I62.5R type portland cement), 21.6kg of silica fume (SF 92 grade silica fume, the content of active silica is more than or equal to 93.5 percent), mineral powder (S95 grade mineral powder, the specific surface area is more than or equal to 700 m) 2 /kg) 43.4kg and 30.5kg of water, and continuously stirring for 45s;
(6) And (3) finally, adding the pre-mixing agent prepared in the step (1), and continuously stirring for 90s to obtain the pre-mixed pervious concrete material.
Example 3
A preparation method of C50 ready-mixed pervious concrete comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, taking 1845g of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 1845g of fly ash sinking bead, 107.6g of diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 133.3g of sulfonated oil, 25.6g of tartaric acid and 143.5g of triethanolamine, adding 615kg of water, mixing and stirring for 120s to obtain a premixing agent for later use;
(2) Secondly, 10.3454kg of gelling agent, 4.6g of xanthan gum and 1150g of calcium carbonate whisker (diameter is 1 μm, length is 30 μm) are mixed and stirred for 60s to obtain the reinforcing agent for later use;
(3) Then, 191kg of machine-made sand (granite is graded according to the weight ratio of 0.425-0.85mm to 0.85-2.36mm = 3) and 1399kg of crushed stone (particle size is 4.75-9.5 mm) are mixed and stirred in a concrete mixer for 15s;
(4) Then, adding 87.8kg of water and the reinforcing agent prepared in the step (2) into the concrete mixer, and continuing to stir for 30s;
(5) Subsequently, 410kg of cement (P.I62.5R type portland cement) and 29.2kg of water were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 45 seconds;
(6) And (3) finally, adding the pre-mixing agent prepared in the step (1), and continuously stirring for 90s to obtain the pre-mixed pervious concrete material.
Example 4
A preparation method of C45 ready-mixed pervious concrete comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, 1254g of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 1254g of fly ash sinking bead, 71.06g of diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 83.6g of sulfonated oil, 16.72g of tartaric acid and 104.5g of triethanolamine are taken, 5.576kg of water is added, and the mixture is mixed and stirred for 120s to obtain a premixing agent for later use;
(2) Secondly, mixing and stirring 8354.3g of gelling agent, 5.7g of xanthan gum and 1140g of calcium carbonate crystal whisker (the diameter is 1 μm, the length is 30 μm) for 60s to obtain a reinforcing agent for later use;
(3) Then, 162kg of machine-made sand (granite is graded according to the weight ratio of 0.212-0.425mm to 0.425-0.85mm to 0.85-2.36mm = 3) and 1458kg of crushed stone (particle size is 4.75-9.5 mm) are mixed and stirred in a concrete mixer for 15s;
(4) Subsequently, adding 81.3kg of water and the reinforcing agent prepared in the step (2) into the concrete mixer, and continuing to stir for 30s;
(5) Then, 380kg of cement (P.O 52.5 type portland cement) and 27.1kg of water were added, and stirring was continued for 45 seconds;
(6) And (3) finally, adding the premixed agent prepared in the step (1), and continuously stirring for 90s to obtain the premixed pervious concrete material.
Example 5
A preparation method of C40 ready-mixed pervious concrete comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, adding 5.1kg of water into 876g of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 1.156kg of fly ash sinking bead, 51.2g of diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 36.5g of sulfonated oil, 7.3g of tartaric acid and 73g of triethanolamine, and mixing and stirring for 120s to obtain a pre-mixing agent for later use;
(2) Secondly, mixing and stirring 7.286kg of gelling agent, 4g of xanthan gum and 810g of calcium carbonate whisker (the diameter is 1 mu m, the length is 30 mu m) for 60s to obtain a reinforcing agent for later use;
(3) Then, 131kg of machine-made sand (granite is graded according to the weight ratio of the particle size of 0.212-0.425mm to 0.425-0.85mm = 2.36mm);
(4) Subsequently, 77.9kg of water and the reinforcing agent prepared in the step (2) are added into the concrete mixer, and the stirring is continued for 30s;
(5) Then 365kg of cement (P.O 52.5 type portland cement) and 25.9kg of water are added, and stirring is continued for 45s;
(6) And (3) finally, adding the pre-mixing agent prepared in the step (1), and continuously stirring for 90s to obtain the pre-mixed pervious concrete material.
Comparative examples 1 to 3
The same as example 1, except that the preparation was carried out according to the raw material ratios shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1 TO 3 MATERIALS RATIO (kg)
Comparative examples 4 to 6
The same as example 2 except that the preparation was carried out according to the raw material ratios shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 4-6 MATERIAL CONDITIONS (kg)
| Raw material | Cement | Silica fume | Mineral powder | Machine-made sand | Crushing stone | Water (W) | Reinforcing agent | Premixing agent |
| Comparative example 4 | 365 | 21.6 | 43.4 | 204 | 1366 | 123 | — | — |
| Comparative example 5 | 365 | 21.6 | 43.4 | 204 | 1366 | 123 | 12.9 | — |
| Comparative example 6 | 365 | 21.6 | 43.4 | 204 | 1366 | 123 | — | 10.75 |
Comparative examples 7 to 9
The same as example 3, except that the preparation was carried out in accordance with the raw material ratios shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 7-9 MATERIAL CONDITION (kg)
| Raw material | Cement | Machine-made sand | Crushing stone | Water (W) | Reinforcing agent | Premixing agent |
| Comparative example 7 | 410 | 191 | 1399 | 117 | — | — |
| Comparative example 8 | 410 | 191 | 1399 | 117 | 11.5 | — |
| Comparative example 9 | 410 | 191 | 1399 | 117 | — | 10.25 |
Comparative examples 10 to 12
The same as example 4 except that the preparation was carried out according to the raw material ratios shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 10-12 compounding ratio (kg)
| Raw material | Cement | Machine-made sand | Crushing stone | Water (W) | Reinforcing agent | Premixing agent |
| Comparative example 10 | 380 | 162 | 1458 | 108.4 | — | — |
| Comparative example 11 | 380 | 162 | 1458 | 108.4 | 9.5 | — |
| Comparative example 12 | 380 | 162 | 1458 | 108.4 | — | 8.36 |
Comparative examples 13 to 15
The same as example 5, except that the preparation was carried out in accordance with the raw material ratios shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 13-15 MATERIALS RATIO (kg)
| Raw material | Cement | Machine-made sand | Breaking stone | Water (W) | Reinforcing agent | Premixing agent |
| Comparative example 13 | 365 | 131 | 1504 | 103.8 | — | — |
| Comparative example 14 | 365 | 131 | 1504 | 103.8 | 8.1 | — |
| Comparative example 15 | 365 | 131 | 1504 | 103.8 | — | 7.3 |
Performance testing
The initial slump, the slump loss at 90min and the initial setting time of the ready-mixed pervious concrete prepared in the embodiments 1 to 5 are tested by referring to DB 32/T4163-2021 application technical Specification of ready-mixed pervious cement concrete; the water permeability coefficient, compressive strength and flexural strength of the hardened pervious concrete at the age of 28 days are tested according to the JC/T2558-2020 and permeable concrete Standard, and the results are shown in the table 7.
TABLE 7 results of performance testing of examples 1 to 5
As can be seen from table 7, the strength grades of the ready-mixed pervious concrete prepared in examples 1 to 5 can reach C60 (example 1), and the lowest can reach C40 (example 5), and the strength grades of the ready-mixed pervious concrete prepared in examples 2 to 4 can reach C55, C50 and C45 respectively, so that the engineering requirements of the current heavy-load pervious pavement on high reinforcement and ready mixing are met, the balance and unification between the high reinforcement and the ready mixing of the heavy-load pervious concrete are realized, and the method has important significance and value for promoting the rapid development of sponge city construction and pervious concrete industry.
The initial slump, the 90min slump loss and the initial setting time of the ready-mixed pervious concrete prepared in the comparative examples 1-15 are tested by referring to DB 32/T4163-2021 application technical Specification of the ready-mixed pervious concrete; the water permeability coefficient, compressive strength and flexural strength of the hardened pervious concrete at the age of 28 days are tested according to the standard JC/T2558-2020 pervious concrete, and the results are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 results of the performance tests of comparative examples 1 to 15
As can be seen from Table 8, the pervious concrete prepared without the reinforcing agent and the premixing agent (comparative examples 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13) has a permeability coefficient capable of meeting the normal use requirement, but the compressive strength and the flexural strength cannot meet the heavy-load requirement; the initial slump is 35-50 mm, the initial setting time is 31-41 min, the slump is completely absent after 90min, obvious condensation hardening phenomenon appears, and the requirements on the workability of the premixed permeable concrete are far different compared with DB 32/T4163-2021 Ready-mix permeable cement concrete application technical Specification, and the premixed permeable concrete has no premixing capacity.
The pervious concrete prepared by independently adding the reinforcing agent (comparative examples 2, 5, 8, 11 and 14) has the water permeability coefficient capable of meeting the normal use requirement, the compressive strength of 39.3-54.7 MPa and the breaking strength of 5.1-6.6 MPa, has the high-strength characteristic, and meets the mechanical property requirement of JTG D40-2019 Highway cement concrete pavement design rules on the heavy-duty pavement; however, the initial slump is 50-65 mm, the initial setting time is 42-47 min, and the slump is not existed at all after 90min, so that the obvious coagulation hardening phenomenon appears, and compared with DB 32/T4163-2021 'technical specification for application of premixed pervious cement concrete', the work requirement on the premixed pervious concrete is far different, and the premixed concrete does not have the premixing capacity.
Compared with the comparative examples without the reinforcing agent and the premixing agent, the mechanical properties of the pervious concrete (comparative examples 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15) prepared by independently adding the premixing agent are improved, but the compressive strength and the flexural strength cannot meet the heavy-load requirement; but the initial slump reaches 170-185 mm, the slump loss is only 25-30 mm after 90min, the initial setting time reaches 255-285 min, the requirement on the workability of the premixed permeable concrete in DB 32/T4163-2021 Ready-mix permeable cement concrete application technical Specification is met, and the premixed permeable concrete has the premixing capacity.
In addition, in combination with the examples and comparative examples, it can be seen that, in terms of compressive strength and flexural strength, the improvement effect of the reinforcing agent and the premixed agent provided by the invention is better than the sum of the improvement effects of the reinforcing agent and the premixed agent which are used separately, which indicates that the technical scheme of the reinforcing agent and the technical scheme of the premixed agent provided by the invention have functional support to each other, which is consistent with the technical principle of the invention, and also indicates that the technical scheme provided by the invention has prominent substantive features and remarkable progress.
The above-described embodiments are only intended to illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The ready-mixed pervious concrete with high strength is characterized in that each cubic meter of the ready-mixed pervious concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 365-410 kg of cement, 0-30 kg of silica fume, 0-60 kg of mineral powder, 131-232 kg of machine-made sand, 1318-1504 kg of broken stone, 8.1-14.4 kg of reinforcing agent, 7.3-11.25 kg of premixing agent and 103.8-129 kg of water;
the reinforcing agent comprises 0.06-0.09% of xanthan gum and 12-20% of calcium carbonate crystal whisker by weight percentage, and the balance is gelling agent;
the premixing agent comprises, by weight, 12% -22% of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 15% -20% of fly ash sinking beads, 0.7% -1.5% of diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 0.5% -1.8% of sulfonated oil, 0.1% -0.5% of tartaric acid, 1% -2.1% of triethanolamine and the balance of water.
2. The high-strength ready-mixed pervious concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the cement is a Portland cement of the P · I62.5R type or a Portland cement of the P · O52.5 type.
3. The high-strength ready-mixed pervious concrete according to claim 1, wherein the silica fume is SF 96-grade silica fume or SF 92-grade silica fume, and the content of active silica in the silica fume is not less than 93.5%; the mineral powder is S105 grade mineral powder or S95 grade mineral powder, and the specific surface area of the mineral powder is more than or equal to 700m 2/kg.
4. The high-strength ready-mixed pervious concrete according to claim 1, wherein the machine-made sand is granite, has a grain size of 0.212-2.36 mm, and is continuously graded; the crushed stone is basalt, has the grain diameter of 4.75-9.5 mm, and is continuously graded.
5. The method for preparing the ready-mixed pervious concrete with high strength according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps of preparing 1 cubic meter of the ready-mixed pervious concrete:
weighing the raw materials according to the weight, mixing and stirring the machine-made sand and the crushed stone for 15s, then adding part of water and the reinforcing agent, continuing to stir for 30s, then adding the cement, the silica fume, the mineral powder and the rest of water, continuing to stir for 45s, finally adding the premixing agent, and stirring for 90s to obtain the high-strength premixed pervious concrete.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first amount of water is 3 times the second amount of water.
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