CN115021281A - Photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on P-U curve interpolation variable universe fuzzy control - Google Patents

Photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on P-U curve interpolation variable universe fuzzy control Download PDF

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CN115021281A
CN115021281A CN202210647568.7A CN202210647568A CN115021281A CN 115021281 A CN115021281 A CN 115021281A CN 202210647568 A CN202210647568 A CN 202210647568A CN 115021281 A CN115021281 A CN 115021281A
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power
regulation
photovoltaic
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高丙团
王满亮
孙睿哲
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Southeast University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and discloses a photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on P-U curve interpolation variable universe fuzzy control, which comprises the following steps: step 1: estimating the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit, and then receiving an active power up-regulation instruction by the photovoltaic array; step 2: the method comprises the steps that a current working point of a fast up-regulation photovoltaic power generation unit is controlled to be close to an active up-regulation instruction through variable universe fuzzy control based on P-U curve interpolation; and step 3: and accurately and stably tracking the active instruction nearby the active instruction by a small-step disturbance observation method. Compared with the prior art, the method can effectively improve the speed and the precision of the photovoltaic power generation unit for tracking the active up-regulation instruction.

Description

Photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on P-U curve interpolation variable universe fuzzy control
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on fuzzy control of P-U curve interpolation variable universe.
Background
By the end of 2021 years, the cumulative photovoltaic installed capacity of China reaches 3.06 hundred million kilowatts and accounts for 12.9 percent of the total installed capacity of the national power generation. Due to the intermittency and the volatility of the photovoltaic energy, although the maximum photovoltaic power point tracking can ensure the maximum utilization of the photovoltaic resources, the adverse phenomena of full light emission and no light emission are easily caused, and the stability of a power grid is easily influenced. As photovoltaic penetration continues to increase, power systems are required to provide some ancillary functions to photovoltaic, including frequency response, in addition to the conventional requirement to provide electrical power.
The photovoltaic is participated in the frequency modulation of the power grid in two ways, one way is to add energy storage on the photovoltaic side, but the cost of the energy storage device is higher. Another method is to make the photovoltaic power generation unit work in a power grid dispatching mode, and the output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit continuously tracks the active power instruction of the system. The invention provides a photovoltaic active power rapid up-regulation method aiming at the requirement that the active power output needs to be improved when the frequency of a power system is lower than the rated frequency. Aiming at the problem of low power tracking speed in the prior art, a variable universe fuzzy control method based on P-U curve interpolation is provided, and rapid and accurate tracking of a specified active power up-regulation instruction can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects mentioned in the background art, the invention aims to provide a photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on fuzzy control of P-U curve interpolation variable universe.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on fuzzy control of P-U curve interpolation variable universe is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: estimating the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit, and then receiving an active power up-regulation instruction by the photovoltaic array;
step 2: the method comprises the steps that a current working point of a fast up-regulation photovoltaic power generation unit is controlled to be close to an active up-regulation instruction through variable universe fuzzy control based on P-U curve interpolation;
and step 3: and accurately and stably tracking the active instruction nearby the active instruction by a small-step disturbance observation method.
Further, in step 1, a main inverter is arranged and is always operated in a maximum power point tracking modeObtaining the maximum power P which can be generated by the current photovoltaic power generation unit M 。
Further, the photovoltaic active power rapid up-regulation is carried out by satisfying the following relation between the active power up-regulation instruction and the maximum power point in the step 1,
P PV ＜P ref ＜P M
wherein, P PV Is the power, P, of the current actual operating point of the photovoltaic power generation unit ref For active up-regulation instructions, P M The maximum output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit.
Furthermore, a photovoltaic active fast up-regulation method is provided in the step 2 based on disturbance voltage step fuzzy control, and the voltage variation of the step k-1 and the power variation of the step k-1 are respectively recorded as follows:
ΔU k-1 ＝U k-1 -U k-2 ，ΔP k-1 ＝P k-1 -P ref
wherein, Delta U k-1 For the voltage change of step k-1, U k-1 Voltage of step k-1, U k-2 Voltage at step k-2, Δ P k-1 Is the power variation of step k-1, P k-1 Is the power of step k-1, P ref Is an active up-regulation instruction.
Further, the Δ U k-1 And Δ P k-1 After the input of the fuzzy controller is fuzzified, the fuzzy output quantity is obtained according to the designed fuzzy rule, and the voltage disturbance quantity delta U of the k step can be obtained by deblurring k 。
Further, the fuzzy rule is designed as follows: first, the direction of adjustment of the voltage, i.e. Δ U k Positive and negative when increasing the voltage results in P PV Close to P ref When or when the voltage decreases to cause P PV Away from P ref When the voltage should be increased, i.e. Δ U k >0; when the voltage decreases to cause P PV Close to P ref Time or voltage increase causes P PV Away from P ref When the voltage should be reduced, i.e. Δ U k <0. Second, the magnitude of the voltage adjustment, i.e. | Δ U k Size of |, when |. DELTA.P k-1 /ΔU k-1 Greater |In the meantime, the current working point is still far away from the target point corresponding to the active power up-regulation instruction, and a larger disturbance voltage step length | Δ U should be set at this time k And a larger perturbation voltage discourse domain; when | Δ P k-1 /ΔU k-1 When | is smaller, the current working point is closer to the target point corresponding to the active power up-regulation instruction, and at the moment, a smaller disturbance voltage step length | Δ U should be set k And the perturbation voltage domain of the voltage is set to be smaller.
Further, the Δ U k-1 And Delta U k The discourse domain contraction method carries out linear interpolation on the P-U curve to realize variable discourse domains:
Figure BDA0003684575860000031
wherein, U k Is the voltage of the k step, U k-1 Voltage of step k-1, U k-2 Voltage of step k-2, P k-1 Is the power of step k-1, P k-2 Is the power of step k-2, P ref Is an active up-regulation instruction.
Further, the specific method of the variable discourse domain comprises the following steps:
s1, the first step of control, with known point (U) on P-U curve M ,P M ) And (U) 0 ,P 0 ) Is taken as a straight line with the base point and is equal to P with the horizontal line P ref The abscissa of the intersection point is U 1 Δ U of the first step k Discourse domain interval length is | U 0 -U 1 |；
S2, step k control (k)>1, k ∈ N), with a known point (U) on the P-U curve k-1 ,P k-1 ) And (U) k-2 ,P k-2 ) Is taken as a straight line with the base point and is equal to P with the horizontal line P ref The abscissa of the intersection point is U k Δ U of step k k Discourse domain interval length is | U k-1 -U k |。
Further, the condition that the variable domain fuzzy control is switched to the small step perturbation observation method to track to the power regulation instruction in the step 3 is that the following formula is satisfied:
|ΔP k-1 /ΔU k-1 |＜γ
wherein, Δ P k-1 Is the power variation of step k-1, Δ U k-1 And gamma is a variation threshold value for the voltage variation of the step k-1, and if the formula is satisfied, the current working point is tracked to the vicinity of a target point corresponding to the active power up-regulation instruction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic active up-regulation method based on the P-U curve interpolation variable universe fuzzy control can effectively improve the speed and the precision of the photovoltaic power generation unit for tracking the active up-regulation instruction. The concrete expression is as follows: self-adaptive modification is realized on the perturbation voltage discourse domain by linear interpolation on a P-U curve, the problem that power tracking is inaccurate due to inaccurate voltage step generation at the later tracking stage of traditional fuzzy control with fixed discourse domain is avoided, and P is tracked at an actual working point ref P pair is realized by switching to small step size disturbance observation method after being nearby ref Smooth and accurate tracking.
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The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a specific flowchart of a photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on fuzzy control of P-U curve interpolation variable universe according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for implementing domain-to-discourse by performing linear interpolation on a P-U curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic active power fast up-regulation implementation by variable universe fuzzy control based on P-U curve interpolation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a simulation topology structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a power tracking target curve configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of output power according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The photovoltaic array of this example consists of two photovoltaic modules connected in parallel, with the parameters for a single photovoltaic module as shown in table 1. The power control is realized by adopting a Boost converter, the Boost converter comprises an input capacitor, an inductor, a switching tube, a diode, an output capacitor and a load, and the specific parameters of the Boost converter are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 1 parameters of individual photovoltaic modules
Figure BDA0003684575860000051
TABLE 2 Boost converter parameters
Figure BDA0003684575860000052
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a photovoltaic active up-regulation method based on P-U curve interpolation variable universe fuzzy control is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: estimating the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit, and then receiving an active power up-regulation instruction by the photovoltaic array;
step 2: the current working point of the rapid upward-regulating photovoltaic power generation unit is controlled to be close to an active upward-regulating instruction through variable universe fuzzy control based on P-U curve interpolation;
and step 3: and accurately and stably tracking the active instruction nearby the active instruction by a small-step disturbance observation method.
Further, in the step 1, the maximum power P which can be generated by the current photovoltaic power generation unit is obtained by setting the main inverter and enabling the main inverter to work in the maximum power point tracking mode all the time M 。
Further, the photovoltaic active power rapid up-regulation is carried out by satisfying the following relation between the active power up-regulation instruction and the maximum power point in the step 1,
P PV ＜P ref ＜P M
wherein, P PV Is the power, P, of the current actual operating point of the photovoltaic power generation unit ref For active up-regulation commands, P M The maximum output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit.
Furthermore, a photovoltaic active fast up-regulation method is provided in the step 2 based on disturbance voltage step fuzzy control, and the voltage variation of the step k-1 and the power variation of the step k-1 are respectively recorded as follows:
ΔU k-1 ＝U k-1 -U k-2 ，ΔP k-1 ＝P k-1 -P ref
wherein, Delta U k-1 For the voltage change of step k-1, U k-1 Voltage of step k-1, U k-2 Voltage at step k-2, Δ P k-1 Is the power variation of step k-1, P k-1 Is the power of step k-1, P ref Is an active up-regulation instruction.
Further, the Δ U k-1 And Δ P k-1 After the input of the fuzzy controller is fuzzified, the fuzzy output quantity is obtained according to the designed fuzzy rule, and the voltage disturbance quantity delta U of the k step can be obtained by deblurring k 。
Further, the fuzzy rule is designed as follows: first, the direction of adjustment of the voltage, i.e. Δ U k Positive and negative when increasing the voltage results in P PV Close to P ref When or when the voltage decreases to cause P PV Away from P ref When the voltage should be increased, i.e. Δ U k >0; when the voltage decreases to cause P PV Close to P ref Time or voltage increase causes P PV Away from P ref When the voltage should be reduced, i.e. Δ U k <0. Second, the magnitude of the voltage adjustment, i.e. | Δ U k Magnitude of | when | Δ P k-1 /ΔU k-1 When | is larger, the current working point is still far away from the target point corresponding to the active power up-regulation instruction, and a larger disturbance voltage step length | Δ U should be set at this time k And a larger perturbation voltage discourse domain; when | Δ P k-1 /ΔU k-1 When l is smaller, the distance between the current working point and the active power up-regulation instruction corresponds toThe target point is closer, and a smaller perturbation voltage step length | Delta U is set at the moment k And the perturbation voltage domain of the voltage is set to be smaller.
Further, the Δ U k-1 And Δ U k The discourse domain contraction method of (1) realizes variable discourse domains by performing linear interpolation on a P-U curve:
Figure BDA0003684575860000071
wherein, U k Is the voltage of the k step, U k-1 Voltage of step k-1, U k-2 Voltage of step k-2, P k-1 Is the power of step k-1, P k-2 Is the power of step k-2, P ref Is an active up-regulation instruction.
Further, the specific method of the variable discourse domain comprises the following steps:
s1, the first step of control, namely, a known point (U) on a P-U curve M ,P M ) And (U) 0 ,P 0 ) Is taken as a straight line with the base point and is equal to P with the horizontal line P ref The abscissa of the intersection point is U 1 Δ U of the first step k Discourse domain interval length is | U 0 -U 1 |；
S2, step k control (k)>1, k ∈ N), with a known point (U) on the P-U curve k-1 ,P k-1 ) And (U) k-2 ,P k-2 ) Is taken as a straight line with the base point and is equal to P with the horizontal line P ref The abscissa of the intersection point is U k Δ U of step k k Discourse domain interval length is | U k-1 -U k |。
Further, the condition that the variable domain fuzzy control is switched to the small step perturbation observation method to track to the power regulation instruction in the step 3 is that the following formula is satisfied:
|ΔP k-1 /ΔU k-1 |＜γ
wherein, Δ P k-1 Is the power variation of step k-1, Δ U k-1 And gamma is a variation threshold value for the voltage variation of the step k-1, and if the formula is satisfied, the current working point is tracked to the vicinity of a target point corresponding to the active power up-regulation instruction.
As shown in the power tracking target curve of fig. 5, the output power of the photovoltaic array is kept at 450W at 0-0.5s, and the power requirement is adjusted to 480W when a power up-regulation command is received at 0.5 s.
The photovoltaic active fast up-regulation method based on the P-U curve interpolation variable domain and the traditional disturbance observation method as shown in FIG. 6 track the output comparison curve of the active up-regulation instruction. Compared with a disturbance observation method, the method provided by the invention can track the active up-regulation instruction faster.
In conclusion, the photovoltaic active up-regulation method based on the P-U curve interpolation variable universe fuzzy control can effectively improve the speed and the precision of the photovoltaic power generation unit for tracking the active up-regulation instruction. Self-adaptive modification is realized on the perturbation voltage discourse domain by linear interpolation on a P-U curve, the problem that power tracking is inaccurate due to inaccurate voltage step generation at the later tracking stage of traditional fuzzy control with fixed discourse domain is avoided, and P is tracked at an actual working point ref P pair is realized by near and then switching to small step size disturbance observation method ref Smooth and accurate tracking.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (9)

1. A photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on fuzzy control of P-U curve interpolation variable universe is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: estimating the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit, and then receiving an active power up-regulation instruction by the photovoltaic array;
step 2: the method comprises the steps that a current working point of a fast up-regulation photovoltaic power generation unit is controlled to be close to an active up-regulation instruction through variable universe fuzzy control based on P-U curve interpolation;
and step 3: and accurately and stably tracking the active instruction nearby the active instruction by a small-step disturbance observation method.
2. The photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on P-U curve interpolation variable universe fuzzy control as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the maximum power P which can be generated by the current photovoltaic power generation unit is obtained by setting the main inverter and enabling the main inverter to work in the maximum power point tracking mode all the time M 。
3. The photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on P-U curve interpolation variable universe fuzzy control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the following relationship should be satisfied between the active power up-regulation command and the maximum power point in step 1 for photovoltaic active power fast up-regulation,
P PV ＜P ref ＜P M
wherein, P PV Is the power, P, of the current actual operating point of the photovoltaic power generation unit ref For active up-regulation instructions, P M The maximum output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit.
4. The photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on fuzzy control of P-U curve interpolation variable universe of claim 1, wherein in step 2, a photovoltaic active power fast up-regulation method is provided based on disturbance voltage step fuzzy control, and it is noted that the voltage variation in step k-1 and the power variation in step k-1 are respectively:
ΔU k-1 ＝U k-1 -U k-2 ，ΔP k-1 ＝P k-1 -P ref
wherein, Delta U k-1 For the voltage change of step k-1, U k-1 Voltage of step k-1, U k-2 Voltage at step k-2, Δ P k-1 Is the power variation of step k-1, P k-1 Is the power of step k-1, P ref Is an active up-regulation instruction.
5. The interpolation variable domain based on P-U curve as claimed in claim 4The fuzzy control photovoltaic active power up-regulation method is characterized in that the delta U k-1 And Δ P k-1 After the input of the fuzzy controller is fuzzified, the fuzzy output quantity is obtained according to the designed fuzzy rule, and the voltage disturbance quantity delta U of the k step can be obtained by deblurring k 。
6. The photovoltaic active up-regulation method based on fuzzy control of P-U curve interpolation variable universe according to claim 5, characterized in that the design of the fuzzy rule is as follows: first, the direction of adjustment of the voltage, i.e. Δ U k Positive and negative when increasing the voltage results in P PV Close to P ref When or when the voltage decreases to cause P PV Away from P ref When the voltage should be increased, i.e. Δ U k Is greater than 0; when the voltage decreases to cause P PV Close to P ref Time or voltage increase causes P PV Away from P ref When the voltage should be reduced, i.e. Δ U k Is less than 0. Second, the magnitude of the voltage adjustment, i.e. | Δ U k Magnitude of | when | Δ P k-1 /ΔU k-1 When | is larger, the current working point is still far away from the target point corresponding to the active power up-regulation instruction, and a larger disturbance voltage step length | Δ U should be set at this time k And a larger perturbation voltage discourse domain; when | Δ P k-1 /ΔU k-1 When | is smaller, the current working point is closer to the target point corresponding to the active power up-regulation instruction, and at the moment, a smaller disturbance voltage step length | Δ U should be set k And the perturbation voltage domain of the voltage is set to be smaller.
7. The photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on P-U curve interpolation variable universe fuzzy control as claimed in claim 6, wherein the delta U is k-1 And Delta U k The discourse domain contraction method carries out linear interpolation on the P-U curve to realize variable discourse domains:
Figure FDA0003684575850000021
wherein, U k Is the voltage of the k step, U k-1 Voltage of step k-1, U k-2 Voltage of step k-2, P k-1 Is the power of step k-1, P k-2 Is the power of step k-2, P ref Is an active up-regulation instruction.
8. The photovoltaic active up-regulation method based on fuzzy control of P-U curve interpolation variable universe of claim 7, wherein the specific method of variable universe of:
s1, the first step of control, with known point (U) on P-U curve M ,P M ) And (U) 0 ,P 0 ) Is a straight line with the base point, and is P equal to the horizontal line ref The abscissa of the intersection point is U 1 Δ U of the first step k Discourse domain interval length is | U 0 -U 1 |；
S2, controlling the k step (k is more than 1, k is equal to N), and taking the known point (U) on the P-U curve k-1 ,P k-1 ) And (U) k-2 ,P k-2 ) Is taken as a straight line with the base point and is equal to P with the horizontal line P ref The abscissa of the intersection point is U k Δ U of step k k Discourse domain interval length is | U k-1 -U k |。
9. The photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on P-U curve interpolation variable-theory-domain fuzzy control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the condition that the variable-theory-domain fuzzy control is switched to the small-step perturbation observation method to track the up-regulation power command in the step 3 is that the following formula is satisfied:
|ΔP k-1 /ΔU k-1 |＜γ
wherein, Δ P k-1 Is the power variation of step k-1, Δ U k-1 And gamma is a variation threshold value for the voltage variation of the step k-1, and if the formula is satisfied, the current working point is tracked to the vicinity of a target point corresponding to the active power up-regulation instruction.
CN202210647568.7A 2022-06-08 2022-06-08 Photovoltaic active power up-regulation method based on P-U curve interpolation variable universe fuzzy control Pending CN115021281A (en)

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