CN115020766B - Proton exchange membrane fuel cell and fault processing method thereof - Google Patents

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell and fault processing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115020766B
CN115020766B CN202210636269.3A CN202210636269A CN115020766B CN 115020766 B CN115020766 B CN 115020766B CN 202210636269 A CN202210636269 A CN 202210636269A CN 115020766 B CN115020766 B CN 115020766B
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China
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anode
cathode
fuel cell
air inlet
proton exchange
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CN115020766A (en
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陈佳俊
花仕洋
吴昊
胡志忠
项福军
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Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion China Shipbuilding Industry Corp No 712 Institute CSIC
Wuhan Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Industry Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion China Shipbuilding Industry Corp No 712 Institute CSIC
Wuhan Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Industry Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04955Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664Failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04671Failure or abnormal function of the individual fuel cell
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664Failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04679Failure or abnormal function of fuel cell stacks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a fault treatment method thereof, wherein the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises a cell stack, a gas pipeline, a gas inlet bridge hole structure and a shielding device, the cell stack is formed by stacking a plurality of single cells, and each single cell is provided with an anode gas inlet hole and a cathode gas inlet hole; the shielding device comprises a plurality of shielding units which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the anode air inlets and are used for sealing the anode air inlets. Each single cell of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the application is respectively provided with the shielding unit for closing the corresponding anode air inlet hole, and when one or more single cells fail, the failed single cell can be shielded by closing the anode air inlet hole. The rest normal single cells continue to work, the operation of the fuel cell can be recovered without repairing the fault single cells, and the restarting time of the fuel cell is greatly shortened.

Description

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell and fault processing method thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a fault treatment method thereof.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell core component pile is formed from several single cells, every single cell is formed from membrane electrode, negative plate and positive plate, adjacent negative plate and positive plate are back-to-back formed into bipolar plate.
The high-power electric pile is the current development trend, and the larger the number of single cell nodes is, the larger the power which the electric pile can provide is on the premise that the area of the active area of the membrane electrode is fixed. However, as the number of cell segments increases, the reliability of the stack gradually decreases. Particularly, after the galvanic pile is used for a period of time, perforation and cracking of a certain single cell membrane electrode easily occur to cause gas channeling of cathode and anode, and as long as one membrane electrode is subjected to non-unstacking and irreparable faults such as perforation or cracking, the whole galvanic pile can not be used, and the use of equipment is seriously influenced.
Through document searching in the prior art, it is found that the processing of faults which are not unstacked but cannot be repaired, such as perforation, cracking and the like of a single cell of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, generally comprises the steps of disassembling and assembling the whole electric pile, and replacing a new membrane electrode and related components for use. The structural characteristics of the fuel cell stack determine that the fuel cell stack is complex to disassemble, assemble and maintain, special equipment is needed, and long-time maintenance is needed to restore operation. Particularly when no maintenance conditions are present in the service environment, the fuel cell will be rendered inoperable for a prolonged period of time upon the occurrence of a similar failure.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, it is necessary to provide a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a fault handling method thereof, which are used for solving the technical problems that when a certain single cell in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell fails to repair due to non-unstacking, the whole fuel cell needs to be closed until the single cell is repaired, and the fuel cell needs to be restarted for a long time in the prior art.
The application provides a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a fault treatment method thereof, wherein the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises: the device comprises a cell stack, a gas pipeline, an air inlet bridge hole structure and a shielding device, wherein the cell stack is formed by stacking a plurality of single cells, and each single cell is provided with an anode air inlet hole and a cathode air inlet hole; the gas pipeline comprises an anode gas inlet manifold and a cathode gas inlet manifold, the gas inlet bridge hole structure comprises a plurality of anode gas inlet units communicated with the anode gas inlet manifold and a plurality of cathode gas inlet units communicated with the cathode gas inlet manifold, the anode gas inlet units are communicated with the anode gas inlet holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the cathode gas inlet units are communicated with the cathode gas inlet holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the shielding device comprises a plurality of shielding units which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the anode air inlets and are used for sealing the anode air inlets.
Further, the single cell comprises an anode plate, a membrane electrode and a cathode plate which are sequentially arranged at intervals, an anode gas flow field is formed between the anode plate and the membrane electrode, and a cathode gas flow field is formed between the cathode plate and the membrane electrode; the anode air inlet is positioned on the anode plate and communicated with the anode gas flow field, and the cathode air inlet is positioned on the cathode plate and communicated with the cathode gas flow field.
Further, a gap is formed between the anode plate and the cathode plate of two adjacent single cells.
Further, an anode air inlet unit and a cathode air inlet unit are arranged in the gap, and the anode air inlet unit is communicated with adjacent anode gas flow fields; the cathode gas inlet unit is communicated with the adjacent cathode gas flow field.
Further, the shielding unit comprises a sealing element and an actuating element, wherein the sealing element is arranged in the anode gas flow field and is in sealing sliding connection with the anode plate and the membrane electrode, and the actuating element is in transmission connection with the sealing element and is used for moving the sealing element to seal the anode air inlet hole.
Further, the actuating piece comprises a pull rod, a pushing part and a baffle, the pull rod is arranged between the baffle and the sealing piece, and the pushing part is fixedly connected with the pull rod; during the movement of the pull rod, the pull rod is provided with an initial first position and a second position for closing the anode air inlet hole, and when the pull rod is positioned at the first position, the anode air inlet hole is opened; when the pull rod is at the second position, the pushing piece is abutted against the baffle plate and the sealing piece and is used for driving the sealing piece to move so as to seal the anode air inlet.
Further, the gas pipeline further comprises an anode gas outlet header pipe and a cathode gas outlet header pipe, wherein the anode gas outlet header pipe is communicated with each anode gas flow field, and the cathode gas outlet header pipe is communicated with each cathode gas flow field.
Further, the device also comprises a liquid pipeline, wherein the liquid pipeline comprises a cooling liquid inlet pipe and a cooling liquid outlet pipe, and the cooling liquid inlet pipe and the cooling liquid outlet pipe are respectively communicated with each gap.
The application provides a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a fault processing method, wherein the single cell fault processing method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises the following steps: s1, determining the position of a single cell with a fault in a cell stack; s2, closing an anode air inlet header pipe and a cathode air inlet header pipe to stop the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and clean the reaction gas in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; s3, controlling a shielding unit of the fault single cell to close an anode air inlet hole of the fault single cell so as to shield the fault single cell; s4, maintaining pressure on one side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell to confirm that the cathode-anode channeling amount is qualified; and S5, respectively introducing reaction gas into the anode air inlet header pipe and the cathode air inlet header pipe, starting the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and recovering normal operation.
Further, S2 also comprises the step of maintaining pressure on one side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell so as to confirm that the cathode-anode channeling exceeds the standard.
Compared with the prior art, each single cell of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the application is communicated with the anode air inlet manifold through the mutually independent anode air inlet units, and is respectively provided with the shielding units for closing the corresponding anode air inlet holes, and when one or more single cells fail, the failed single cell can be shielded by closing the anode air inlet holes.
The single cell fault processing method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the application can recover the operation of the fuel cell without repairing the fault single cell by shielding the fault single cell and continuously operating the rest normal single cells, thereby greatly shortening the restarting time of the fuel cell.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present application, and is intended to provide a better understanding of the present application, as it is embodied in the following description, with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present application and its details set forth in the accompanying drawings. Specific embodiments of the present application are given in detail by the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cell stack of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the tie rod in a first position;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the tie rod in the second position;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a fault handling method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the application.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the application is made in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description of the embodiments of the application, are used to explain the principles of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell includes a cell stack 1, a gas pipe, an intake bridge hole structure, and a shielding device. The cell stack 1 comprises a sealing ring 11 and a plurality of single cells 12 which are arranged in a stacking way, wherein the sealing ring 11 is sleeved outside each single cell 12 and is used for sealing the single cells 12 from air leakage. The plurality of single cells 12 generate power independently of each other. Each of the unit cells 12 has an anode intake hole 121 and a cathode intake hole (not shown) for introducing anode gas and cathode gas into the unit cell 12 for generating electricity, respectively.
The gas pipes include an anode gas inlet manifold 21 and a cathode gas inlet manifold 22, the anode gas inlet manifold 21 being for delivering anode gas and the cathode gas inlet manifold 22 being for delivering cathode gas.
The intake bridge hole structure includes a plurality of anode intake units 31 and a plurality of cathode intake units (not shown), the anode intake units 31 are in one-to-one correspondence with the anode intake holes 121, each anode intake unit 31 is also in communication with the anode intake manifold 21, and the anode intake manifold 21 delivers anode gas to each unit cell 12 through each anode intake unit 31. Like the anode intake units 31, the cathode intake units are in one-to-one correspondence with the cathode intake holes, and each of the cathode intake units is also in communication with the cathode intake manifold 22, and the cathode intake manifold 22 delivers cathode gas to each of the unit cells 12 through each of the cathode intake units.
The shielding device comprises a plurality of shielding units 41, wherein the shielding units 41 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the anode air inlet holes 121 and are used for closing the anode air inlet holes 121.
Each unit cell 12 of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the application is communicated with the anode intake manifold 21 through the mutually independent anode intake unit 31, and is respectively provided with a shielding unit 41 for controlling the opening and closing of the anode intake hole 121. When a failure occurs in one or several of the unit cells 12, the anode intake holes 121 thereof can be closed by the corresponding shielding units 41, thereby shielding the failed unit cell 12. So that the fuel cell can continue to operate on the remaining normal single cells 12, avoiding long-time shutdown maintenance.
In the present embodiment, one unit cell 12 includes an anode plate 122, a membrane electrode 123, and a cathode plate 124 that are sequentially arranged at intervals, an anode gas flow field 125 is formed between the anode plate 122 and the membrane electrode 123, and a cathode gas flow field 126 is formed between the cathode plate 124 and the membrane electrode 123. Thus, the anode inlet aperture 121 is located in the anode plate 122 and communicates with the anode gas flow field 125 and the cathode inlet aperture is located in the cathode plate 124 and communicates with the cathode gas flow field 126.
In the preferred embodiment, a plurality of cells 12 in one stack are arranged side by side, with a gap 127 formed between the anode plate 122 and the cathode plate 124 of adjacent two cells 12.
Typically, those skilled in the art use an alternating arrangement of membrane electrodes 123 and bipolar plates welded together from an anode plate 122 and a cathode plate 124, the anode plate 122 and the cathode plate 124 forming a gap 127 to produce a stack. The adjacent anode plate 122 and cathode plate 124 of two adjacent bipolar plates and the membrane electrode 123 between the two bipolar plates form a single cell 12.
The anode intake manifold 21 delivers anode gas to the anode gas flow field 125 through the anode intake unit 31. In order to ensure sufficient supply of raw materials and stable power generation effect, the anode gas in the anode intake manifold 21 is excessively introduced. Thus in the preferred embodiment, the gas conduits also include anode outlet manifolds (not shown) symmetrically disposed on either side of the cell with the anode inlet manifold 21 and communicating with each of the anode gas flow fields 125. The anode gas enters the single cell 12 from the anode gas inlet manifold 21 and flows through the anode gas flow field 125, in the process, a part of the anode gas is used for generating electricity, and the redundant anode gas is discharged from the anode gas flow field 125 and enters the anode gas outlet manifold and can be recycled.
It is easily conceivable that the cathode gas in the cathode intake manifold is also excessively introduced. Thus, as such, the gas conduits also include cathode outlet manifolds (not shown) that are symmetrically disposed on either side of the cell with the cathode inlet manifolds and that communicate with the respective cathode gas flow fields 126. The cathode gas enters the single cell 12 from the cathode gas inlet manifold and flows through the cathode gas flow field 126, during which a portion of the cathode gas is used to generate electricity, and the excess cathode gas is exhausted from the cathode gas flow field 126 and enters the cathode gas outlet manifold, which can be recycled for reuse.
In the present embodiment, one anode gas inlet unit 31 and one cathode gas inlet unit are disposed in each gap 127, and the anode gas inlet unit 31 communicates adjacent anode gas flow fields 125 with the anode gas inlet manifold 21. Likewise, the cathode inlet unit communicates adjacent cathode gas flow fields 126 with the cathode inlet manifold 22.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the bipolar plate forms a closed channel as an air intake channel of the anode air intake unit 31 by using part of the weld 5 inside and cooperating with the anode plate 122 and the cathode plate 124 on both sides. Similarly, other positions of the bipolar plate can also be formed into a closed channel by utilizing partial internal welding seams and matching with the anode plate 122 and the cathode plate 124 on two sides, and the closed channel can be used as an air inlet channel of the cathode air inlet unit, so long as the channel can be communicated with the cathode air inlet manifold 22 and the cathode air inlet holes.
In the present embodiment, the shielding unit 41 includes a seal 411 and an actuator 412, the seal 411 being disposed within the anode gas flow field 125 and in sealing sliding connection with both the anode plate 122 and the membrane electrode 123. The actuator 412 is drivingly connected to the seal 411 for moving the seal 411 to close or open the anode inlet aperture 121. In the present embodiment, the actuator 412 and the sealing member 411 are respectively located at two sides of the sealing ring 11, and the actuator 412 presses the sealing ring 11 to deform and thereby push the sealing member 411 to displace. Since the sealing rings 11 and 411 are tightly connected with the single cells 12, friction force on the contact surface is large, and the sealing members 411 can be stopped at desired positions by means of friction force. A stop bar 413 may also be provided to limit movement of the seal 411 to a desired position.
The actuating member 412 may be a self-powered mechanism, such as a cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, electric push rod, etc., and an operator controls the actuating member 412 to move the sealing member 411. The actuating member 412 may be a transmission member, and the operator pulls the actuating member 412 by manpower to move the sealing member 411.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in the present embodiment, the actuator 412 includes a pull rod 4121, a pushing portion 4122, and a shutter 4123. The pull rod 4121 is disposed between the baffle 4123 and the seal ring 11, and the pushing portion 4122 is fixedly connected with the pull rod 4121. During the movement of the pull rod 4121, when the pull rod 4121 is in the initial first position (as shown in fig. 3), no interaction occurs between the pushing portion 4122, the baffle 4123 and the seal ring 11, and the anode inlet hole 121 is in an open state. When the pull rod 4121 is pulled to move to the second position, the pushing portion 4122 abuts against the baffle 4123 and the sealing ring 11, so that the sealing ring 11 is deformed, and part of the structure moves and pushes the sealing member 411 to move to close the anode air inlet 121. The seal 411 is moved from the second position to the first position until the cell 12 is repaired.
As shown in fig. 2, the arrows in the figure indicate the flow of anode gas, and 3 anode intake units 31 are shown from top to bottom. The actuating member 412 of the middle unit cell 12 pushes the sealing member 411 to move and close the anode inlet hole 121, so that the anode gas cannot enter the anode gas flow field 125, and the corresponding unit cell 12 is in a shielding state. The upper and lower anode inlet holes 121 are kept open, so that the anode gas can smoothly enter the anode gas flow field 125, and the corresponding single cells 12 can work normally.
In the preferred embodiment, since each cell 12 also has an anode outlet hole that communicates with the anode outlet manifold, a similar shielding unit is provided at the anode outlet hole to simultaneously close the anode inlet hole 121 and the anode outlet hole, thereby realizing shielding of the failed cell.
In this embodiment, since the anode gas is typically a combustible gas and the cathode gas is typically oxygen (actually introduced into the anode gas is air), the shielding units 41 are disposed at the anode inlet holes 121 and the anode outlet holes on one side of the anode, respectively, and the anode inlet holes 121 and the anode outlet holes are closed at the same time, so as to prevent the anode gas from entering the faulty unit cell. In other embodiments, if high purity oxygen is used for the cathode gas, the risk is higher than for the flammable anode gas. At this time, shielding units should be correspondingly arranged at the cathode air inlet hole and the cathode air outlet hole at one side of the cathode, and the cathode air inlet hole and the cathode air outlet hole are closed at the same time, so as to prevent cathode gas from entering the fault single cell.
It is easily understood that in the preferred embodiment, shielding units may be provided at the anode inlet hole 121, the anode outlet hole, the cathode inlet hole, and the cathode outlet hole, respectively. And simultaneously closing the anode air inlet hole 121, the anode air outlet hole, the cathode air inlet hole and the cathode air outlet hole of the fault single cell. Anode gas and cathode gas are prevented from entering the faulty unit cell to obtain the best shielding effect.
In a preferred embodiment, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell further includes a liquid pipe including a coolant inlet pipe 61 and a coolant outlet pipe (not shown), which are disposed on both sides of the unit cells 12, and which communicate with the gaps 127 of the respective unit cells 12, respectively. Similarly, a sealing channel for flowing the cooling liquid can be enclosed in the gap 127 by welding seams, the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid inlet pipe 61 flows into the gap 127 between the single cells 12 respectively, then passes through the gap 127 and flows into the cooling liquid outlet pipe, and drives the heat generated by the single cells 12 in the power generation process, so that the temperature of the single cells 12 is kept in a proper range.
The application also provides a fault processing method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the position of the fault single cell. The voltage data of each cell 12 may be monitored, for example, by a control system that is self-contained in the fuel cell, and when an abnormal voltage signal occurs, it is determined that the cell 12 is malfunctioning.
And S2, closing the anode air inlet header 21 and the cathode air inlet header 22 to stop the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and clean the reaction gas therein. In a preferred embodiment, the single side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be pressurized to confirm that the cathode-anode channeling exceeds the standard. Thereby further determining that the single cell 12 has a failure which is not repairable by unstacking such as perforation or cracking of the membrane electrode.
S3, the shielding unit 41 of the fault single cell 12 is controlled to close the anode air inlet hole 121 of the fault single cell 12, so that anode reaction gas cannot enter the reaction flow field of the single cell, and the fault single cell 12 is shielded.
And S4, maintaining the pressure on one side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell again to confirm that the cathode-anode channeling amount is qualified. The fuel cell can continue to operate normally and safely, confirming that the shield is effective.
S5, respectively introducing reaction gas into the anode air inlet header pipe 21 and the cathode air inlet header pipe 22, restarting the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and recovering normal operation only by correspondingly adjusting some operation parameters of the fuel cell.
As the power generated by the fuel cell increases, the number of cells in the fuel cell increases, and the probability of failure of the cells increases. When a cell fails, the existing processing method is to shut down the fuel cell, then disassemble and assemble the entire cell stack 1 to replace and repair the failed cell 12, and start the fuel cell after the repair is completed. Since the entire stack 1 needs to be disassembled and assembled, the maintenance man-hour is long and the required personnel and equipment are high. Particularly, when the maintenance environment is not provided, if personnel, equipment, parts and the like are absent, the machine can only be stopped for waiting until the maintenance environment is provided, and maintenance is started again.
If such a fault occurs again after the maintenance is completed, the above-described process must be repeated again. This results in a fuel cell with higher power, with a greater number of cells 12, poorer reliability of the stack 1 and shorter effective operating time.
When the unit cell 12 of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell fails, the fuel cell is closed first, and then the shielding unit 41 of the failed unit cell is controlled to close the anode air inlet hole 121 so as to shield the failed unit cell, and the whole cell stack 1 is not required to be disassembled. After a further test procedure (S4), the fuel cell can be started for continued operation. The downtime is greatly shortened, and the maintenance environment is not limited. And when another single cell fails, it is also shielded as described above. When enough failed single cells are accumulated and the maintenance conditions are mature, the machine can be stopped and all the failed single cells can be maintained and replaced at one time.
The processing method temporarily shields the fault single cells, and uniformly maintains the fault single cells after a sufficient number of fault single cells are accumulated, so that the total maintenance time can be shortened, the time for maintaining and replacing the fault single cells can be actively controlled, and the effective working time of the fuel cell is greatly prolonged.
Each single cell of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the application is communicated with the anode air inlet manifold through the mutually independent anode air inlet units, and is respectively provided with the shielding units for closing the corresponding anode air inlet holes, and when one or more single cells fail, the failed single cell can be shielded by closing the anode air inlet holes.
The single cell fault processing method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the application can recover the operation of the fuel cell without repairing the fault single cell by shielding the fault single cell and continuously operating the rest normal single cells, thereby greatly shortening the restarting time of the fuel cell.
The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application are intended to be included in the scope of the present application.

Claims (9)

1. A method of fault handling for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprising: the device comprises a cell stack, a gas pipeline, an air inlet bridge hole structure and a shielding device, wherein the cell stack is formed by stacking a plurality of single cells, and each single cell is provided with an anode air inlet hole and a cathode air inlet hole; the gas pipeline comprises an anode gas inlet manifold and a cathode gas inlet manifold, the gas inlet bridge hole structure comprises a plurality of anode gas inlet units communicated with the anode gas inlet manifold and a plurality of cathode gas inlet units communicated with the cathode gas inlet manifold, the anode gas inlet units are communicated with the anode gas inlet holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the cathode gas inlet units are communicated with the cathode gas inlet holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the shielding device comprises a plurality of shielding units which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the anode air inlets and are used for sealing the anode air inlets; the fault processing method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises the following steps: s1, determining the position of a single cell with a fault in the cell stack; s2, closing the anode air inlet header pipe and the cathode air inlet header pipe to stop the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and clean the reaction gas therein; s3, controlling the shielding unit of the fault single cell to close an anode air inlet hole of the fault single cell so as to shield the fault single cell; s4, maintaining pressure on one side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell to confirm that the cathode-anode channeling amount is qualified; and S5, respectively introducing reaction gas into the anode air inlet header pipe and the cathode air inlet header pipe, starting the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and recovering normal operation.
2. The fault handling method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the unit cell comprises an anode plate, a membrane electrode and a cathode plate which are sequentially arranged at intervals, an anode gas flow field is formed between the anode plate and the membrane electrode, and a cathode gas flow field is formed between the cathode plate and the membrane electrode; the anode air inlet is positioned on the anode plate and communicated with the anode gas flow field, and the cathode air inlet is positioned on the cathode plate and communicated with the cathode gas flow field.
3. The method for fault handling of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 2, wherein a gap is formed between the anode plate and the cathode plate of adjacent two of the unit cells.
4. A method of fault handling of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein the anode gas inlet unit and the cathode gas inlet unit are arranged within the gap, the anode gas inlet unit communicating with adjacent ones of the anode gas flow fields; the cathode gas inlet unit is communicated with the adjacent cathode gas flow field.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the shielding unit includes a seal disposed within the anode gas flow field and in sealing sliding connection with both the anode plate and the membrane electrode, and an actuator drivingly connected to the seal for moving the seal to close the anode inlet.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the actuator includes a tie rod, a pushing portion, and a baffle plate, the tie rod being disposed between the baffle plate and the seal member, the pushing portion being fixedly connected to the tie rod; the pull rod is provided with an initial first position and a second position for closing the anode air inlet hole during the movement process of the pull rod, and the anode air inlet hole is opened when the pull rod is positioned at the first position; when the pull rod is in the second position, the pushing piece abuts against the baffle plate and the sealing piece and is used for driving the sealing piece to move so as to seal the anode air inlet hole.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the gas conduits further comprise an anode gas outlet manifold and a cathode gas outlet manifold, the anode gas outlet manifold being in communication with each of the anode gas flow fields, the cathode gas outlet manifold being in communication with each of the cathode gas flow fields.
8. A method of failure handling a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a liquid conduit including a coolant inlet pipe and a coolant outlet pipe, the coolant inlet pipe and the coolant outlet pipe communicating with each of the gaps, respectively.
9. The method for fault handling of a pem fuel cell of claim 1 wherein S2 further comprises maintaining pressure on a single side of said pem fuel cell to confirm that the amount of cathode-anode channeling exceeds the standard.
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