CN115020749A - Vehicle fuel cell system and air supply control method thereof - Google Patents
Vehicle fuel cell system and air supply control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115020749A CN115020749A CN202110235641.5A CN202110235641A CN115020749A CN 115020749 A CN115020749 A CN 115020749A CN 202110235641 A CN202110235641 A CN 202110235641A CN 115020749 A CN115020749 A CN 115020749A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a vehicle fuel cell and an air supply control method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fuel cell control. The invention sets an adjustable three-way valve at the intersection of the cathode air inlet of the fuel cell and the vent of the stack shell, and controls the air flow rate introduced into the cathode reaction cavity and the vent of the stack shell according to the increment of the opening of the pedal, so that a driver can quickly obtain a large amount of air for reaction when accelerating, and the power requirement of the fuel cell when accelerating is met. The problem that the air compressor cannot quickly follow the power requirement in the quick loading process of the fuel cell vehicle is solved, and the damage to the fuel cell caused by insufficient cathode reaction gas in the quick loading process is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vehicle fuel cell and an air supply control method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fuel cell control.
Background
In the running process of a fuel cell vehicle, a driver can frequently operate an accelerator pedal and a brake pedal to control the starting, acceleration, constant speed, deceleration and the like of the vehicle, at present, aiming at the power control of a fuel cell engine, an accelerator pedal signal and a brake pedal signal are generally transmitted to a vehicle control unit, the vehicle control unit analyzes target power of the fuel cell engine according to the strength of the pedal signal and the current vehicle running state, the target power is transmitted to the fuel cell engine controller through a vehicle-mounted communication network, and after the fuel cell engine controller receives the target power, the supply of hydrogen and air are adjusted, and meanwhile, the power output of a fuel cell is adjusted to meet the power requirement of the vehicle. However, the method has the disadvantages that the response of the fuel cell is slow, the power requirement of the whole vehicle cannot be tracked in time, especially when a driver needs a fast loading speed, signals are transmitted by fuel cell engine material supply mechanisms such as an accelerator pedal, a whole vehicle controller, a fuel cell controller and an air compressor, and the air compressor also has the limitation of the loading speed, cannot reach the target rotating speed fast, and cannot meet the requirement of instantaneous high power brought by vehicle acceleration fast.
For example, the patent application publication No. CN108177539A discloses an air compression system and a control method for a fuel cell electric vehicle, which calculate a target air flow rate of a fuel cell according to a torque demand of a driver, and control an electrically controlled throttle valve to make the flow rate of air supplied to the fuel cell equal to the target air flow rate in combination with the flow rate of air supplied to the fuel cell collected by a flow rate sensor in real time. The method has the advantages that accurate air flow is provided for the fuel cell according to different torque requirements, unnecessary electric quantity loss is further reduced, the endurance mileage of the whole vehicle is increased, the air supply speed of the fuel cell can be increased to a certain extent, an air storage tank needs to be additionally arranged, the arrangement on the vehicle is not easy, the air storage tank is pressurized only by an air inlet compressor, the pressure is low, and the air storage tank cannot be effectively released during quick loading.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vehicle fuel cell and an air supply control method thereof, which are used for solving the problem that an air compressor cannot quickly follow the power requirement in the quick loading process of the current fuel cell vehicle.
The invention provides a vehicle fuel cell system for solving the technical problems, which comprises an air compressor, an intercooler, a humidifier and a fuel cell stack arranged in a shell, wherein compressed gas output by the air compressor enters the fuel cell stack through the intercooler and the humidifier, it is characterized in that the system also comprises an adjustable three-way valve, the input port of the adjustable three-way valve is communicated with the output port of the intercooler, one output port of the adjustable three-way valve is connected with an inlet of the humidifier and enters the fuel cell stack through the humidifier, and the other output port of the adjustable three-way valve is connected to the ventilation port of the shell, the adjustable three-way valve is controlled by the fuel cell control system according to the magnitude of the signal of the accelerator pedal, and the fuel cell control system is used for controlling the opening of the three-way valve when the acceleration increment of the accelerator pedal is greater than a first set threshold value so as to increase the proportion of air entering the fuel cell stack.
The invention sets an adjustable three-way valve at the intersection of the cathode air inlet of the fuel cell and the vent of the stack shell, and controls the air flow rate introduced into the cathode reaction cavity and the vent of the stack shell according to the increment of the opening of the pedal, so that a driver can quickly obtain a large amount of air for reaction when accelerating, and the power requirement of the fuel cell when accelerating is met. The problem that the air compressor cannot quickly follow the power requirement in the quick loading process of the fuel cell vehicle is solved, and the damage to the fuel cell caused by insufficient cathode reaction gas in the quick loading process is avoided.
Further, when the acceleration increment of the accelerator pedal acquired by the fuel cell control system is larger than a second set threshold value, controlling the opening of the adjustable three-way valve to be 0, enabling all compressed air output by the air compressor to enter the fuel cell stack, and increasing the rotating speed of the air compressor, wherein the second set threshold value is larger than the first set threshold value, and the first set threshold value is 0.
Further, when the fuel cell control system receives a vehicle starting signal, the fuel cell is started to enter an idle speed or operate according to the required power of the whole vehicle, and the opening degree of the adjustable three-way valve is controlled to be an initial value.
Further, when the rotating speed of the air compressor reaches the set rotating speed, the fuel cell control system controls the opening degree of the adjustable three-way valve to be recovered to the initial value.
The invention also provides an air supply control method of the vehicle fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring an accelerator pedal signal by a fuel cell control system, and calculating an acceleration increment according to the accelerator pedal signal;
2) the fuel cell control system controls the adjustable three-way valve according to the acceleration increment, and when the acceleration increment is larger than a first set threshold value, the opening degree of the three-way valve is controlled to increase the proportion of air entering the fuel cell stack; and the input port of the adjustable three-way valve is communicated with the output port of the intercooler, one output port of the adjustable three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the humidifier and enters the fuel cell stack through the humidifier, and the other output port of the adjustable three-way valve is connected to the ventilation port of the shell.
Further, when the acceleration increment of the accelerator pedal acquired by the fuel cell control system is larger than a second set threshold value, the opening of the adjustable three-way valve is controlled to be 0, all compressed air output by the air compressor enters the fuel cell stack, and the rotating speed of the air compressor is increased, wherein the second set threshold value is larger than the first set threshold value, and the first set threshold value is 0.
Further, when the fuel cell control system receives a vehicle starting signal, the fuel cell is started to enter an idling state or operate according to the required power of the whole vehicle, and the opening degree of the adjustable three-way valve is controlled to be an initial value.
Further, when the rotating speed of the air compressor reaches the set rotating speed, the fuel cell control system controls the opening degree of the adjustable three-way valve to be recovered to the initial value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic air supply diagram of a fuel cell system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of an air supply control method of a fuel cell for a vehicle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description will further describe embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiments of Fuel cell System
The invention adds an electric control three-way valve with adjustable opening degree on the basis of the existing fuel cell system, the inlet of the valve is connected with the outlet of an intercooler (air is firstly filtered by an air filter and compressed by an air compressor and then cooled by the intercooler), and enters the three-way valve with adjustable opening degree, two outlets of the three-way valve are provided, one outlet is communicated with the cathode of a galvanic pile to participate in the oxidation-reduction reaction of the fuel cell, and the generated electric energy is output to the whole vehicle; a housing to the fuel cell stack, where the fuel cell stack is protected, typically accumulates a small amount of hydrogen due to stack leakage, etc. The three-way valve is controlled by a fuel cell control system, the fuel cell control system is connected with an accelerator pedal signal, and the fuel cell control system controls the three-way valve according to the accelerator pedal signal, so that when a driver operates the accelerator pedal to accelerate, the opening of the three-way valve is controlled, and air to the fuel cell stack shell is reduced or closed.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system of the present invention includes an air filter 1, an air compressor 2, a cooling system 3, an intercooler 4, an adjustable three-way valve 5, a humidifier 6, a fuel cell stack 7, a fuel cell stack case 8, a back pressure valve 9, and a fuel cell control system 10. The intercooler 4 is used for cooling hot air at the outlet of the air compressor so that the hot air does not exceed the temperature allowed by the electric pile; the back pressure valve 9 is used to maintain the pressure of the cathode reaction. The fuel cell stack 7 is arranged in a fuel cell stack shell 8, a vent is arranged on the fuel cell stack shell 8, an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged on the fuel cell stack 7, air is filtered by an air filter 1 and then reaches an air compressor 2, an air outlet of the air compressor 2 is connected to an intercooler 4, compressed air enters an adjustable three-way valve 5 through cooling of the intercooler, the adjustable three-way valve 5 divides an air pipeline into two ways, and one way is connected to the vent on the fuel cell stack shell 8 through a pipeline and used for purging the inside of the fuel cell stack shell 8; one path enters an air inlet of a fuel cell stack 7 through a humidifier 6, and enters the cathode of the fuel cell stack through the air inlet to serve as cathode reaction gas. In addition, the exhaust gas after the reaction of the fuel cell stack 7 is discharged through an exhaust port, and the exhaust gas at the exhaust port is discharged to the air through a humidifier 6 via a back pressure valve 9.
In order to quickly increase the supply of the reactor reaction gas during acceleration, the shortage of the cathode reaction gas of the fuel cell caused by quick loading is avoided. The fuel cell control system 10 of the present invention is directly connected to an accelerator pedal (accelerator pedal) 11 to directly acquire an accelerator pedal signal of a vehicle, analyze a driving intention of a driver, and then accurately control an electrically controlled three-way valve to realize optimal control of cathode reaction gas supply of a stack. When the vehicle stably runs at a constant speed, the accelerator pedal is generally in a constant opening degree, the fuel cell runs at a constant power, and the opening degree of the electric control three-way valve is controlled at the moment, so that part of air enters a cathode reaction cavity of the fuel cell, and part of air enters the stack shell and is used for purging hydrogen which possibly gathers in the stack shell, and unnecessary danger is prevented;
when a driver operates an accelerator pedal to accelerate, in order to enable the reaction of the fuel cell to obtain a large amount of air quickly and avoid the performance reduction or irreversible damage of the fuel cell caused by insufficient air, the fuel cell control system controls the opening of the three-way valve in time while increasing the rotating speed of the air compressor according to a received accelerator pedal signal, reduces or closes the air to the shell of the fuel cell stack, all the gas is led to a cathode reaction cavity of the fuel cell stack, the transient increase of the excess coefficient of the cathode of the stack is ensured, and meanwhile, the pulse gas increase is beneficial to the water state balance of the cathode cavity inside the fuel cell stack. After the power of the fuel cell is stable, the air compressor of the fuel cell reaches a preset rotating speed, the electric control three-way valve is adjusted at the moment, the air to the fuel cell stack shell is recovered, and hydrogen possibly accumulated in the shell is purged.
The controllable three-way valve adopted in the embodiment is an electric control three-way valve, the controllable adjustment range is 0-100%, 0% of the controllable three-way valve is set as the direction of all the fluid at the input end to the cathode reaction cavity of the pile, and 100% of the controllable three-way valve is set as the direction of all the fluid to the shell of the pile. The initial value P0 of the opening of the three-way valve is a measured value in advance, the value is selected according to the condition that when the opening is P0, the air flow to the cavity of the fuel cell stack just dilutes the hydrogen of the anode of the stack to a safe level through the leakage quantity of the stack and can be discharged in time, and the air flow to the cavity of the stack under the opening can also be understood to be just equal to the air flow required for diluting the leakage quantity of the stack per unit time to a safe concentration. The specific control flow is shown in fig. 2, and the specific steps are as follows.
1) After the vehicle is started, the fuel cell control system receives a control instruction of the whole vehicle, starts the fuel cell to enter an idle speed or operate according to the required power of the whole vehicle, and controls the opening degree of the three-way valve to be an initial value p 0; meanwhile, the fuel cell control system obtains an acceleration signal of an accelerator pedal through the accelerator pedal directly connected with the fuel cell control system.
2) The fuel cell control system calculates an acceleration increase amount Δ of an accelerator pedal from a received acceleration signal of the accelerator pedal, and determines a relationship between the acceleration increase amount Δ and a set threshold value X.
The acceleration increment Δ is B-a when the pedal opening at the initial sampling stage, that is, the initial stage of the next sampling period, is set to a and the pedal opening at the final sampling stage is set to B. The value of the set threshold value X can be determined according to vehicle development indexes, for example, the value can be 50%, namely when the pedal is more than 50%, the accelerator pedal is considered to be needed to accelerate rapidly, and when the pursuit dynamic property is outstanding, the value can be set to be the accelerator pedal opening degree more than 30%, and the value can be set by combining specific development indexes and actual experimental data.
3) If the fuel cell control system judges that delta is larger than X (X is an advanced set value, the value range is 0-100, when the value is larger than the value, the vehicle is considered to need rapid acceleration, when the value is smaller than the value, the vehicle is considered to be slowly accelerated, if the opening signal of an accelerator pedal is 0-100%, X is set to be 10%, when the opening increment of the accelerator pedal is larger than 10%, a driver is considered to need rapid acceleration, when the value is not larger than 10%, the driver is considered to only need slow acceleration), the opening of a three-way valve is set to be 0%, namely, all air to the shell of the fuel cell stack is introduced into the cathode cavity of the fuel cell stack, meanwhile, the rotating speed of an air compressor is increased, and the air supply speed of the cathode of the fuel cell is improved.
The setting of the rotating speed of the air compressor is determined by the operating power of the fuel cell engine, and is calibrated in advance through an engine shaping test, or the required flow is calculated according to the operating power, and the rotating speed is regulated in a closed loop mode through the feedback of a flow sensor of the air compressor. The accelerating process is the process of increasing the power output of the engine, the power increase is accompanied with the increase of the rotating speed of the air compressor, and the increased rotating speed value is obtained by calculating the target power of the fuel cell engine by the vehicle control unit according to the running parameters of the real vehicle and then performing table look-up or closed-loop control.
4) When 0< delta < X, the opening degree of the three-way valve is controlled by the fuel cell control system to be p1(0< p1< p0, p1 can be a fixed value, a variable which is processed by table lookup according to the size of delta or a function of delta), namely when the vehicle is accelerated slowly, the air to the electric pile shell is reduced but not completely stopped, the air to the cathode of the fuel cell is increased, and the air supply speed of the cathode of the fuel cell is properly increased.
5) When the power operation of the fuel cell is stable, namely the rotating speed of the air compressor reaches the set rotating speed, the fuel cell control system controls the opening of the three-way valve to recover to an initial value p0, namely the compensation of air entering the cathode of the electric pile is stopped, and the electric pile is converted into a normal working state.
Method embodiment
In the air supply control method of the fuel cell for the vehicle of the embodiment, firstly, an accelerator pedal signal is obtained by a fuel cell control system, and an acceleration increment is calculated according to the accelerator pedal signal; then the fuel cell control system controls the adjustable three-way valve according to the acceleration increment, and when the acceleration increment is larger than a first set threshold value, the opening degree of the three-way valve is controlled, so that the proportion of air entering the fuel cell stack is increased; and the input port of the adjustable three-way valve is communicated with the output port of the intercooler, one output port of the adjustable three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the humidifier and enters the fuel cell stack through the humidifier, and the other output port of the adjustable three-way valve is connected to the air vent of the shell. The specific implementation process of the method has been described in detail in the system embodiment, and is not described here again.
The invention sets an adjustable three-way valve at the intersection of the cathode air inlet of the fuel cell and the vent of the stack shell, and controls the air flow rate introduced into the cathode reaction cavity and the vent of the stack shell according to the increment of the opening of the pedal, so that a driver can quickly obtain a large amount of air for reaction when accelerating, and the power requirement of the fuel cell when accelerating is met. The problem that the air compressor cannot quickly follow the power requirement in the quick loading process of the fuel cell vehicle is solved, and the damage to the fuel cell caused by insufficient cathode reaction gas in the quick loading process is avoided.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a vehicular fuel cell system, includes air compressor, intercooler, humidifier and sets up the fuel cell stack in the casing, and the compressed gas of air compressor output gets into the fuel cell stack through intercooler and humidifier, its characterized in that, this system still includes adjustable three-way valve, the input port of adjustable three-way valve and the delivery outlet of intercooler intercommunication, an output port of adjustable three-way valve is connected to the import of humidifier, gets into the fuel cell stack through the humidifier, another output port of adjustable three-way valve is connected to the vent of casing, and adjustable three-way valve is controlled by fuel cell control system according to the size of accelerator pedal signal, and fuel cell control system is used for when accelerator pedal's acceleration increment is greater than first settlement threshold value, controls the aperture of three-way valve, makes the proportion increase of the air that gets into the fuel cell stack.
2. The fuel cell system for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein when the acceleration increment of the accelerator pedal obtained by the fuel cell control system is greater than a second set threshold value, which is greater than the first set threshold value, the opening of the adjustable three-way valve is controlled to 0, so that all of the compressed air output by the air compressor enters the fuel cell stack and the rotation speed of the air compressor is increased, and the first set threshold value is 0.
3. The fuel cell system for vehicles according to claim 1, wherein when the fuel cell control system receives a vehicle start signal, the fuel cell is started to enter an idle speed or operate according to a required power of the entire vehicle, and the opening degree of the adjustable three-way valve is controlled to an initial value.
4. The fuel cell system for a vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the fuel cell control system controls the opening degree of the adjustable three-way valve to be restored to an initial value after the rotational speed of the air compressor reaches a set rotational speed.
5. A vehicle fuel cell air supply control method, characterized by comprising:
1) acquiring an accelerator pedal signal by a fuel cell control system, and calculating an acceleration increment according to the accelerator pedal signal;
2) the fuel cell control system controls the adjustable three-way valve according to the acceleration increment, and when the acceleration increment is larger than a first set threshold value, the opening degree of the three-way valve is controlled to increase the proportion of air entering the fuel cell stack; and the input port of the adjustable three-way valve is communicated with the output port of the intercooler, one output port of the adjustable three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the humidifier and enters the fuel cell stack through the humidifier, and the other output port of the adjustable three-way valve is connected to the ventilation port of the shell.
6. The air supply control method for the fuel cell of the vehicle according to claim 5, wherein when the acceleration increment of the accelerator pedal obtained by the fuel cell control system is larger than a second set threshold value, which is larger than the first set threshold value, the opening of the variable three-way valve is controlled to 0, so that all of the compressed air output from the air compressor enters the fuel cell stack and the rotation speed of the air compressor is increased, and the first set threshold value is 0.
7. The air supply control method of the fuel cell for the vehicle according to claim 5, wherein when the fuel cell control system receives a vehicle start signal, the fuel cell is started to enter an idle speed or to operate according to a required power of the entire vehicle, and the opening degree of the adjustable three-way valve is controlled to an initial value.
8. The air supply control method for a vehicle fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein the fuel cell control system controls the opening degree of the adjustable three-way valve to return to an initial value after the rotational speed of the air compressor reaches a set rotational speed.
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