CN115016242B - Atomic beam optical clock based on nanosecond pulse lamb stopcock spectrum and implementation method thereof - Google Patents
Atomic beam optical clock based on nanosecond pulse lamb stopcock spectrum and implementation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115016242B CN115016242B CN202210545975.7A CN202210545975A CN115016242B CN 115016242 B CN115016242 B CN 115016242B CN 202210545975 A CN202210545975 A CN 202210545975A CN 115016242 B CN115016242 B CN 115016242B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0905—Dividing and/or superposing multiple light beams
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/11—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on acousto-optical elements, e.g. using variable diffraction by sound or like mechanical waves
Abstract
The invention provides an atomic beam optical clock based on nanosecond pulse lamb-stope spectrum and an implementation method thereof. The invention discloses an atomic beam optical clock based on nanosecond pulse lamb-stope spectrum, which comprises: 657nm laser, ultrastable laser frequency stabilization system, first beam splitter, optical amplifier, facula beam shrinking device, acousto-optic modulator, calcium atomic furnace, 423nm laser, second beam splitter, atomic beam tube, photoelectric detector and servo feedback control circuit. The atomic beam optical clock has high stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical frequency standards, in particular to an atomic beam optical clock based on nanosecond pulse lamb spectrum and an implementation method thereof.
Background
Optical frequency atomic clocks (optical clocks) are formed by detecting extremely narrow atomic transition lines with pre-stabilized laser light. In the formation of an optical clock, a combination of nearly undisturbed quantum states and a laser of high phase coherence enables the production of a highly stable laser source. Nowadays, optical clocks play a great role in research progress in fundamental physics research and advanced application technology, and the like, and facilitate the redefinition of seconds in the optical field. The advanced application technology comprises gravitational wave detection, ultra-low phase noise microwave sources, generalized relativistic inspection, detection of global potential dynamic change based on a clock network and the like.
However, the existing cold atomic optical clock has the disadvantages of large volume and complex system structure, so that the cold atomic optical clock is difficult to move away from a laboratory and realize outdoor application, and the development of the cold atomic optical clock in the time-frequency related field is limited. Although the thermal atomic beam clock is smaller in size and can be carried compared with the existing cold atomic beam clock, the existing thermal atomic beam clock has the defect of poor stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The atomic beam optical clock based on the nanosecond pulse lamb-stop spectrum is high in stability and wide in application range.
The invention provides an atomic beam optical clock realization method based on nanosecond pulse lamb spectrum, which can obtain a stable atomic beam optical clock.
The invention provides an atomic beam optical clock based on nanosecond pulse lamb-stope spectrum, which comprises: the method comprises the following steps: the laser comprises a 657nm laser, an ultrastable laser frequency stabilizing system, a first beam splitter, an optical amplifier, a light spot beam shrinking device, an acousto-optic modulator, a calcium atomic furnace, a 423nm laser, a second beam splitter, an atomic beam tube, a photoelectric detector and a servo feedback control circuit;
the calcium atom furnace sprays calcium atoms to form a calcium atom beam, the atom beam pipe is sleeved outside the calcium atom beam, and the atom beam pipe sequentially comprises an atom beam pipe front window, an atom action area and an atom beam pipe rear window along the calcium atom spraying direction;
the light outlet end of the 423nm laser faces the first spectroscope, 423nm transmitted light emitted by the first spectroscope enters the atomic beam tube front window to generate a 423nm calcium atomic transition spectral line for locking the 423nm laser on the atomic spectral line;
the light outlet end of the 657nm laser faces the second beam splitter, the light outlet end of reflected light of the second beam splitter faces the ultrastable laser frequency stabilizing system, and the signal output end of the ultrastable laser frequency stabilizing system is connected with the servo signal input end of the 657nm laser;
the transmitted light outlet end of the second spectroscope faces the optical amplifier, the light outlet end of the optical amplifier faces the acousto-optic modulator, the light outlet end of the acousto-optic modulator faces the light spot beam shrinking device, 657nm transmitted light emitted from the transmitted light outlet end of the second spectroscope sequentially passes through the optical amplifier, the acousto-optic modulator and the light spot beam shrinking device to enter the atomic action region, and 657nm clock transition spectral lines are generated;
423nm reflected light emitted by the first spectroscope enters a rear window of the atomic beam tube to obtain a clock transition signal;
the signal output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the signal input end of the servo feedback control circuit, the signal output end of the servo feedback control circuit is connected with the signal input end of the acousto-optic modulator, the photoelectric detector is configured to detect and convert the clock transition signal to obtain an error signal, and the servo feedback control circuit is used for controlling the acousto-optic modulator according to the error signal in a feedback mode.
The atomic beam clock further comprises a first reflecting mirror, 657nm transmitted light emitted by the light spot beam shrinking device is reflected for M times to form 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light, the 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light respectively enter the atomic action region, and M is larger than or equal to 3.
The atomic beam optical clock as described above, wherein 4 657nm transmitted lights are parallel to each other.
The atomic beam clock as described above, further comprising a second mirror for making the 423nm transmitted light enter the atomic beam tube front window.
The atomic beam clock as described above, further comprising a third mirror, wherein the third mirror is configured to make the 423nm reflected light vertically enter the atomic beam tube rear window.
The atomic beam clock further comprises a third beam splitter, wherein the light outlet end of the acousto-optic modulator faces the third beam splitter, 657nm laser enters the third beam splitter through the acousto-optic modulator, and 657nm transmitted light emitted by the third beam splitter enters the spot beam-condensing device.
The invention also provides an implementation method of the atomic beam optical clock based on the nanosecond pulse lamb-stope spectrum, wherein the implementation method is used for implementing the atomic beam optical clock and comprises the following steps:
calcium atoms are sprayed by a calcium atom furnace to form a calcium atom beam, an atom beam pipe is sleeved outside the calcium atom beam, and the atom beam pipe sequentially comprises an atom beam pipe front window, an atom action area and an atom beam pipe rear window along the calcium atom spraying direction;
423nm laser emitted from the light outlet end of the 423nm laser enters a first spectroscope to obtain 423nm transmitted light and 423nm reflected light;
enabling the 423nm transmitted light to enter a front window of the atomic beam tube to obtain a 423nm calcium atomic transition spectral line;
657nm laser emitted from the light outlet end of the 657nm laser enters a second spectroscope to obtain 657nm transmitted light and 657nm reflected light;
the 657nm reflected light enters the ultrastable laser frequency stabilization system to obtain an error signal, and the 657nm laser is locked according to the error signal;
the 657nm transmitted light sequentially passes through the optical amplifier, the acousto-optic modulator and the light spot beam shrinking device to enter the atomic action region to generate a 657nm clock transition spectral line;
enabling the 423nm reflected light to enter a rear window of the atomic beam tube to obtain a clock transition signal;
and detecting and converting the clock transition signal by using a photoelectric detector to obtain an error signal, wherein the error signal enters a servo feedback control circuit through a signal output end of the photoelectric detector, and the servo feedback control circuit controls the acousto-optic modulator in a feedback mode according to the error signal.
The method for realizing the atomic beam clock further comprises the step of enabling 657nm transmitted light emitted by the light spot beam shrinking device to be reflected for M times to form 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light, enabling the 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light to respectively enter the atomic action region, wherein M is larger than or equal to 3.
The atomic beam optical clock is realized by the method, wherein 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light are parallel to each other.
The method for implementing the atomic beam clock further comprises the step of splitting 657nm laser emitted by the acousto-optic modulator by using a third beam splitter, wherein 657nm transmitted light emitted by the third beam splitter enters the spot beam-shrinking device.
According to the atomic beam optical clock based on the nanosecond pulse lamb spectrum, the light spot beam shrinking device can shrink the 657nm transmission light processed by the optical amplifier and the acousto-optic modulator in sequence to obtain the 657nm transmission light with the micron-scale light spot area, the 657nm transmission light with the micron-scale light spot area enters the atomic action region and can interact with calcium atoms in the atomic action region for the nanosecond-scale time, so that the interaction transition time (the interaction transition time of the 657nm transmission light and the calcium atoms in the atomic action region) is accurately matched with the atomic rate distribution, the utilization efficiency and the signal-to-noise ratio of spectral lines of non-zero-speed atoms in the atomic beam optical clock are greatly improved, the noise limit of quantum projection of the atomic beam optical clock is reduced, and the stability of the atomic beam optical clock is improved.
The invention discloses an atomic beam optical clock realizing method based on nanosecond pulse lamb spectrum, which is characterized in that a facula beam shrinking device is used for sequentially shrinking 657nm transmitted light processed by an optical amplifier and an acousto-optic modulator, and the lamb spectrum spectral technology is combined to compress the pulse width of the lamb spectrum to nanosecond level so as to accurately match the transit time of the interaction between the speed distribution of atoms and laser, improve the atom utilization efficiency and the spectral line signal-to-noise ratio, reduce the quantum projection noise limit of the optical clock and improve the stability of the atomic beam optical clock.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the related art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention or the related art are briefly introduced below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an atomic beam optical clock based on nanosecond pulsed lamb-stop spectroscopy according to some embodiments of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1:657nm laser;
2: an ultrastable laser frequency stabilization system;
3: a first beam splitter;
4: an optical amplifier;
5: a light spot beam shrinking device;
6: an acousto-optic modulator;
7: a calcium atomic furnace;
8: a 423nm laser;
9: a second spectroscope;
10: a photodetector;
11: a servo feedback control circuit;
12: a first reflector;
13: a second reflector.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an atomic beam optical clock based on nanosecond pulsed lamb-stop spectroscopy according to some embodiments of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an atomic beam optical clock based on nanosecond pulsed lamb-stop spectrum, including: the laser comprises a 657nm laser 1, an ultrastable laser frequency stabilization system 2, a first spectroscope 3, an optical amplifier 4, a facula beam-shrinking device 5, an acousto-optic modulator 6, a calcium atomic furnace 7, a 423nm laser 8, a second spectroscope 9, an atomic beam tube, a photoelectric detector 10 and a servo feedback control circuit 11;
wherein, the calcium atom furnace 7 sprays calcium atoms to form a calcium atom beam, the atom beam tube is sleeved outside the calcium atom beam, and the atom beam tube sequentially comprises an atom beam tube front window, an atom action area and an atom beam tube rear window along the calcium atom spraying direction;
the light outlet end of the 423nm laser 8 faces the first spectroscope 3, 423nm transmission light emitted by the first spectroscope 3 enters the front window of the atomic beam tube to generate a 423nm calcium atomic transition spectral line for locking the 423nm laser on the atomic spectral line;
the light-emitting end of the 657nm laser 1 faces the second beam splitter 9, the reflected light-emitting end of the second beam splitter 9 faces the ultrastable laser frequency stabilization system 2, and the signal output end of the ultrastable laser frequency stabilization system 2 is connected with the servo signal input end of the 657nm laser 1;
the light-emitting end of the transmitted light of the second spectroscope 9 faces the optical amplifier 4, the light-emitting end of the optical amplifier 4 faces the acousto-optic modulator 6, the light-emitting end of the acousto-optic modulator 6 faces the light spot beam-shrinking device 5, and 657nm transmitted light emitted from the light-emitting end of the transmitted light of the second spectroscope 9 sequentially passes through the optical amplifier 4, the acousto-optic modulator 6 and the light spot beam-shrinking device 5 to enter an atomic action region to generate 657nm clock transition spectral lines;
423nm reflected light emitted by the first spectroscope 3 enters a rear window of the atomic beam tube to obtain a clock transition signal;
the signal output end of the photoelectric detector 10 is connected with the signal input end of the servo feedback control circuit 11, the signal output end of the servo feedback control circuit 11 is connected with the signal input end of the acousto-optic modulator 6, the photoelectric detector 10 is configured to detect and convert the clock transition signal to obtain an error signal, and the servo feedback control circuit 11 is used for feedback-controlling the acousto-optic modulator 6 according to the error signal.
The calcium atomic furnace 7 of the present invention is used for spraying calcium atoms to form a calcium atom beam. The atomic beam tube is sleeved outside the calcium atomic beam and sequentially comprises an atomic beam tube front window, an atomic action area and an atomic beam tube rear window along the jet direction of atoms. It can be understood that the atom beam tube front window is close to the jet orifice of the calcium atom furnace 7, the atom beam tube rear window is far away from the jet orifice of the calcium atom furnace 7, and the atom action zone is positioned between the atom beam tube front window and the atom beam tube rear window.
In the invention, the 423nm laser 8 is used for emitting 423nm laser, the 423nm laser is emitted from the light outlet end of the 423nm laser 8 and enters the first spectroscope 3, and 423nm transmission light and 423nm reflection light are obtained after light splitting by the first spectroscope 3. The 423nm transmission light enters a front window of the atomic beam tube to generate 423nm calcium atomic transition spectral line for locking the 423nm laser on the atomic spectral line.
The 657nm laser 1 is used for emitting 657nm laser, the 657nm laser is emitted from the light outlet end of the 657nm laser 1 and enters the second spectroscope 9, and 657nm transmission light and 657nm reflection light are obtained after light splitting is carried out by the second spectroscope 9.
The invention discloses an ultrastable laser frequency stabilization system 2, which is an integrated electric optical path system with the working principle of PDH laser frequency stabilization technology and used for improving the 657nm laser stability. In the invention, 657nm reflected light enters an ultrastable laser frequency stabilization system 2, a servo signal is obtained after being processed by the ultrastable laser frequency stabilization system 2, the servo signal is output through a signal output end of the ultrastable laser frequency stabilization system 2, enters a 657nm laser 1 from a signal input end of the 657nm laser 1, and is subjected to pre-frequency stabilization locking on the 657nm laser 1 so as to emit high-stability narrow-linewidth 657nm laser.
657nm transmitted light enters the optical amplifier 4 to improve the light intensity, is emitted from the light outlet end of the optical amplifier 4 to enter the acousto-optic modulator 6 for modulation, then is emitted from the light outlet end of the acousto-optic modulator 6 and enters the light spot beam-shrinking device 5 for beam-shrinking treatment, so that the light spot area of the 657nm transmitted light is micron level, the 657nm transmitted light with the light spot area of micron level enters the atomic action region to interact with calcium atoms in the atomic action region, and is used for generating clock transition spectral lines.
The 423nm reflected light enters the rear window of the atomic beam tube and interacts with calcium atoms in the rear window of the atomic beam tube to detect a clock transition signal.
The photoelectric detector 10 is used for detecting clock transition signals at the rear window of the atomic beam tube, the detected signals are converted into error signals and are output from the signal output end of the photoelectric detector 10, the error signals enter the servo feedback control circuit 11 through the signal input end of the servo feedback control circuit 11, the servo feedback control circuit 11 obtains servo control voltage according to the received error signals, the servo control voltage is output from the signal output end of the servo feedback control circuit 11 and enters the acousto-optic modulator 6 through the signal input end of the acousto-optic modulator 6, and the acousto-optic modulator 6 is enabled to perform feedback control on 657nm laser.
The calcium atomic furnace 7 is not particularly limited, and any device capable of ejecting calcium atoms to form a calcium atom beam falls within the scope of the present invention.
The ultrastable laser frequency stabilization system 2 of the present invention is not particularly limited, and all devices capable of emitting ultrastable 657nm laser light from the 657nm laser 1 are within the protection scope of the present invention. In some embodiments, the ultrastable laser frequency stabilization system 2 includes: the device comprises a 657nm electro-optical modulator, a 657nm polarized light splitting prism, a lambda/4 wave plate, an optical cavity, a 657nm photoelectric detector and a 657nm servo feedback control circuit; 657nm reflected light is modulated by a 657nm electro-optical modulator and then sequentially enters a 657nm polarized light splitting prism, a lambda/4 wave plate and an optical cavity to obtain 657nm ultrastable reflected light, a 657nm photoelectric detector is used for detecting 657nm ultrastable reflected light signals and converting the measured signals into 657nm error signals, the 657nm error signals enter a 657nm servo feedback control circuit through the 657nm photoelectric detector, and the 657nm servo feedback control circuit regulates and controls a 657nm laser 1 according to the error signals to obtain ultrastable narrow-linewidth 657nm laser.
The laser device comprises a 657nm laser device 1, a first spectroscope 3, an optical amplifier 4, a facula beam shrinking device 5, an acousto-optic modulator 6, a 423nm laser device 8, a second spectroscope 9, an atom beam tube, a photoelectric detector 10 and a servo feedback control circuit 11, wherein the laser device can be selected from the 657nm laser device 1, the first spectroscope 3, the optical amplifier 4, the facula beam shrinking device 5, the acousto-optic modulator 6, the 423nm laser device 8, the second spectroscope 9, the atom beam tube, the photoelectric detector 10 and the servo feedback control circuit 11 which are commonly used in the field.
According to the atomic beam clock, the light spot beam shrinking device 5 can shrink the 657nm transmission light which is processed by the optical amplifier 4 and the acousto-optic modulator 6 in sequence to obtain the 657nm transmission light with the light spot area of micron order, the 657nm transmission light with the light spot area of micron order enters the atomic action region and can interact with the calcium atoms in the atomic action region for nanosecond order, so that the interaction transition time (the interaction transition time of the 657nm transmission light and the calcium atoms) is accurately matched with the velocity distribution of the atoms, the utilization efficiency and the signal-to-noise ratio of the non-zero-velocity atoms in the atomic beam clock are greatly improved, the noise limit of quantum projection of the atomic beam clock is reduced, and the stability of the atomic beam clock is improved.
Particularly, the formed calcium atomic beam optical clock based on the lamb-plug spectrum has good stability and excellent comprehensive performance, and can be carried, so that the calcium atomic beam optical clock based on the lamb-plug spectrum can run outside a laboratory, and the application range of the calcium atomic beam optical clock based on the lamb-plug spectrum is widened.
It is to be understood that the nanosecond-pulse lamb-stope-spectrum-based atomic beam optical clock of the present invention is not limited to the calcium atomic beam, and can be applied to other atomic beams, for example, an ytterbium atomic beam, a cesium atomic beam, and the like.
In some embodiments of the invention, the atomic beam clock further comprises a first reflecting mirror 12, 657nm of transmitted light emitted by the light spot beam shrinking device 5 is reflected for M times to form 4 beams of 657nm of transmitted light, the 4 beams of 657nm of transmitted light respectively enter the atomic action region, and M is larger than or equal to 3.
In the invention, 657nm transmitted light emitted by the light spot beam reducing device 5 is reflected by using the first reflecting mirror 12, the light path direction of the 657nm transmitted light emitted by the light spot beam reducing device 5 is changed to form 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light, the 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light respectively enter an atomic action region, and the 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light interact with calcium atoms in the atomic action region to form 657nm clock transition spectral lines in a Lamansetron spectrum form.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, seven first mirrors 12 are used to change the optical path direction of 657nm transmitted light to form 4 mutually parallel 657nm transmitted light beams, and the 4 657nm transmitted light beams enter the atomic interaction region respectively and interact with calcium atoms on 423nm calcium atom transition spectral line to form a stable atomic beam optical clock based on lamb-Sessem spectrum.
In the present invention, 423nm transmitted light may be incident on the front window of the atom beam tube and 423nm reflected light may be incident on the rear window of the atom beam tube by providing a mirror.
For example, the atomic beam clock further comprises a second reflecting mirror 13, and the second reflecting mirror 13 is used for changing the optical path direction of 423nm transmitted light so that the 423nm transmitted light enters the atomic beam tube front window.
The atomic beam clock also comprises a third reflector, and the third reflector is used for changing the light path direction of 423nm reflected light so that the 423nm reflected light enters the rear window of the atomic beam tube.
In the present invention, the first mirror 12, the second mirror 13, and the third mirror are not particularly limited, and any mirrors commonly used in the art may be used. In the present invention, the first reflector 12, the second reflector 13, and the third reflector may be the same or different.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the atomic beam clock further includes a third beam splitter, the light exit end of the acousto-optic modulator 6 faces the third beam splitter, 657nm laser enters the third beam splitter through the acousto-optic modulator 6, and 657nm transmitted light emitted by the third beam splitter enters the beam spot shrinking device 5.
In the invention, 657nm laser emitted from the light outlet end of the acousto-optic modulator 6 enters the third beam splitter, 657nm transmitted light split by the third beam splitter enters the light spot beam-shrinking device 5, and 657nm reflected light split by the third beam splitter can be used for practical application.
In the present invention, the third spectroscope may be a spectroscope commonly used in the art, and the third spectroscope may be the same as the second spectroscope 13 and the first spectroscope 11, or may be different from the second spectroscope 13 and the first spectroscope 11.
The second aspect of the present invention provides an implementation method of an atomic beam optical clock based on nanosecond pulse lamb-stope spectrum, which is used for implementing the atomic beam optical clock, and includes the following steps:
the calcium atom furnace 7 sprays calcium atoms to form a calcium atom beam, the atom beam tube is sleeved outside the calcium atom beam, and the atom beam tube sequentially comprises an atom beam tube front window, an atom action area and an atom beam tube rear window along the calcium atom spraying direction;
423nm laser emitted from the light outlet end of the 423nm laser 8 enters the first spectroscope 3 to obtain 423nm transmitted light and 423nm reflected light;
enabling 423nm transmitted light to enter a front window of an atomic beam tube to obtain 423nm calcium atomic transition spectral line for locking a 423nm laser on the atomic spectral line;
657nm laser emitted from the light outlet end of the 657nm laser 1 enters a second spectroscope 9 to obtain 657nm transmitted light and 657nm reflected light;
657nm reflected light enters an ultra-stable laser frequency stabilization system 2 to obtain an error signal, and the 657nm laser 1 is locked according to the error signal;
657nm transmitted light sequentially passes through the optical amplifier 4, the acousto-optic modulator 6 and the light spot beam shrinking device 5 to enter an atomic action zone to generate a 657nm clock transition spectral line;
enabling 423nm reflected light to enter a rear window of the atomic beam tube to obtain a clock transition signal;
and detecting 10 by using a photoelectric detector and converting a clock transition signal to obtain an error signal, wherein the error signal enters a servo feedback control circuit 11 through a signal output end of the photoelectric detector 10, and the servo feedback control circuit 11 controls the acousto-optic modulator 6 in a feedback mode according to the error signal.
Specifically, the implementation method comprises the following steps: heating the calcium atomic furnace 7 to raise the temperature, so that calcium atoms are sprayed by the calcium atomic furnace 7 to form a calcium atomic beam, and an atomic beam tube sleeved outside the calcium atomic beam sequentially comprises an atomic beam tube front window, an atomic action area and an atomic beam tube rear window along the spraying direction of the atoms;
starting the 423nm laser 8, enabling 423nm laser emitted by the 423nm laser 8 to enter the first spectroscope 3, and enabling the 423nm laser to be split by the first spectroscope 3, so that the 423nm laser is divided into 423nm transmission light and 423nm reflection light;
then enabling 423nm transmission light to enter a front window of an atomic beam tube to obtain 423nm calcium atomic transition spectral line for locking a 423nm laser on the atomic spectral line;
starting the 657nm laser 1, enabling 657nm laser emitted by the 657nm laser 1 to enter a second spectroscope 9, and enabling the 657nm laser to be divided into 657nm transmission light and 657nm reflection light by the second spectroscope 9;
then 657nm reflected light enters an ultra-stable laser frequency stabilization system 2 to obtain an error signal, and then the 657nm laser 1 is locked according to the error signal to obtain stable narrow linewidth 657nm laser;
the stable 657nm laser is split by the second beam splitter 9 to obtain stable 657nm transmission light, the stable 657nm transmission light enters the optical amplifier 4 to improve the light intensity, then enters the light spot beam shrinking device 5 to shrink the light spot area of the 657nm transmission light to micron order after being modulated by the acousto-optic modulator 6, the modulated and shrunk 657nm transmission light is emitted into an atomic action region, and the 657nm transmission light interacts with calcium atoms in the atomic action region to generate 657nm clock transition spectral line;
enabling 423nm reflected light to enter a rear window of the atomic beam tube, and enabling the 423nm reflected light to act with calcium atoms in the rear window of the atomic beam tube to obtain a clock transition signal;
the photo detector 10 is used for detecting a clock transition signal, the photo detector 10 converts the detected clock transition signal into an error signal, and inputs the error signal to the servo feedback control circuit 11, and the servo feedback control circuit 11 can realize feedback control on the acousto-optic modulator 6 according to the error signal.
The implementation method of the atomic beam optical clock comprises the steps of using a light spot beam shrinking device 5 to shrink 657nm transmission light which is processed by an optical amplifier 4 and an acousto-optic modulator 6 in sequence to obtain 657nm transmission light with micron-scale light spot area, enabling the 657nm transmission light with micron-scale light spot area to enter an atomic action region, compressing the pulse width of a Lamesessian spectrum to nanosecond-scale, accurately matching the transition time of atomic rate distribution and laser interaction, improving the atomic utilization efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio, reducing the quantum projection noise limit of the optical clock, and improving the stability of the atomic beam optical clock. And the preparation method is simple to operate and is beneficial to wide application.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the atomic beam clock implementation method further includes reflecting 657nm transmitted light emitted by the light spot beam shrinking device 5M times to form 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light, wherein the 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light enter the atomic action region respectively, and M is greater than or equal to 3.
In the invention, 657nm transmitted light emitted by the light spot beam reducing device 5 is reflected by using the first reflecting mirror 12, the light path direction of the 657nm transmitted light emitted by the light spot beam reducing device 5 is changed to form 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light, the 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light respectively enter an atomic action region, the 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light interact with calcium atoms in the atomic action region to form 657nm clock transition spectral lines in a Lammson spectrum form, and thus, the stability of an atomic beam clock can be further improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for implementing the atomic beam optical clock further includes using a third beam splitter to split 657nm laser light emitted from the acousto-optic modulator 6, and the 657nm transmitted light emitted from the third beam splitter enters the spot beam-shrinking device 5.
In the invention, 657nm laser emitted from the light outlet end of the acousto-optic modulator 6 enters the third beam splitter, 657nm transmitted light split by the third beam splitter enters the light spot beam-shrinking device 5, and 657nm reflected light split by the third beam splitter can be used for practical application.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. An atomic beam optical clock based on nanosecond pulsed lamb-stope spectroscopy, comprising: the laser comprises a 657nm laser, an ultrastable laser frequency stabilizing system, a first beam splitter, an optical amplifier, a light spot beam shrinking device, an acousto-optic modulator, a calcium atomic furnace, a 423nm laser, a second beam splitter, an atomic beam tube, a photoelectric detector and a servo feedback control circuit;
the calcium atom furnace sprays calcium atoms to form a calcium atom beam, the atom beam pipe is sleeved outside the calcium atom beam, and the atom beam pipe sequentially comprises an atom beam pipe front window, an atom action area and an atom beam pipe rear window along the calcium atom spraying direction;
the light outlet end of the 423nm laser faces the first spectroscope, 423nm transmitted light emitted by the first spectroscope enters the atomic beam tube front window to generate a 423nm calcium atomic transition spectral line for locking the 423nm laser on the atomic spectral line;
the light-emitting end of the 657nm laser faces the second beam splitter, the light-reflecting end of the second beam splitter faces the ultrastable laser frequency stabilizing system, and the signal output end of the ultrastable laser frequency stabilizing system is connected with the servo signal input end of the 657nm laser;
the transmitted light outlet end of the second spectroscope faces the optical amplifier, the light outlet end of the optical amplifier faces the acousto-optic modulator, the light outlet end of the acousto-optic modulator faces the light spot beam shrinking device, 657nm transmitted light emitted from the transmitted light outlet end of the second spectroscope sequentially passes through the optical amplifier, the acousto-optic modulator and the light spot beam shrinking device to enter the atomic action region, and 657nm clock transition spectral lines are generated;
423nm reflected light emitted by the first spectroscope enters a rear window of the atomic beam tube to obtain a clock transition signal;
the signal output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the signal input end of the servo feedback control circuit, the signal output end of the servo feedback control circuit is connected with the signal input end of the acousto-optic modulator, the photoelectric detector is configured to detect and convert the clock transition signal to obtain an error signal, and the servo feedback control circuit is used for controlling the acousto-optic modulator according to the error signal in a feedback mode.
2. The atomic beam clock of claim 1, further comprising a first mirror, wherein 657nm transmitted light emitted by the spot beam shrinking device is reflected M times to form 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light, the 4 beams of 657nm transmitted light enter the atomic action region, respectively, and M is greater than or equal to 3.
3. The atomic beam clock of claim 2, wherein the 4 657nm transmitted light beams are parallel to each other.
4. The atomic beam clock of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a second mirror for directing the 423nm transmitted light into the atomic beam tube front window.
5. The atomic beam clock according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a third mirror for making the 423nm reflected light enter the atomic beam tube back window.
6. The atomic beam clock of claim 4, further comprising a third mirror for causing the 423nm reflected light to enter the atomic beam tube back window.
7. The atomic beam clock of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a third beam splitter, wherein the light outlet end of the acousto-optic modulator faces the third beam splitter, 657nm laser enters the third beam splitter through the acousto-optic modulator, and 657nm transmitted light emitted by the third beam splitter enters the speckle reduction device.
8. The atomic beam clock according to claim 4, further comprising a third beam splitter, wherein the light exit end of the acousto-optic modulator faces the third beam splitter, 657nm laser enters the third beam splitter through the acousto-optic modulator, and 657nm transmitted light emitted by the third beam splitter enters the spot beam reduction device.
9. The atomic beam clock of claim 5, further comprising a third beam splitter, wherein the light exit end of the acousto-optic modulator faces the third beam splitter, 657nm laser enters the third beam splitter through the acousto-optic modulator, and 657nm transmitted light emitted by the third beam splitter enters the spot beam reduction device.
10. The atomic beam clock of claim 6, further comprising a third beam splitter, wherein the light exit end of the acousto-optic modulator faces the third beam splitter, 657nm laser enters the third beam splitter through the acousto-optic modulator, and 657nm transmitted light emitted by the third beam splitter enters the spot beam reduction device.
11. An implementation method of an atomic beam optical clock based on nanosecond pulsed lamb spectroscopy, characterized in that the implementation method is used for implementing the atomic beam optical clock according to any one of claims 1-10, and comprises the following steps:
calcium atoms are sprayed by a calcium atom furnace to form a calcium atom beam, an atom beam pipe is sleeved outside the calcium atom beam, and the atom beam pipe sequentially comprises an atom beam pipe front window, an atom action area and an atom beam pipe rear window along the calcium atom spraying direction;
423nm laser emitted from the light outlet end of the 423nm laser enters a first spectroscope to obtain 423nm transmitted light and 423nm reflected light;
enabling the 423nm transmitted light to enter a front window of the atomic beam tube to obtain a 423nm calcium atomic transition spectral line;
657nm laser emitted from the light outlet end of the 657nm laser enters a second spectroscope to obtain 657nm transmitted light and 657nm reflected light;
the 657nm reflected light enters the ultrastable laser frequency stabilization system to obtain an error signal, and the 657nm laser is locked according to the error signal;
the 657nm transmitted light sequentially passes through the optical amplifier, the acousto-optic modulator and the light spot beam shrinking device to enter the atomic action region to generate a 657nm clock transition spectral line;
enabling the 423nm reflected light to enter a rear window of the atomic beam tube to act with calcium atoms to obtain a clock transition signal;
and detecting and converting the clock transition signal by using a photoelectric detector to obtain an error signal, wherein the error signal enters a servo feedback control circuit through a signal output end of the photoelectric detector, and the servo feedback control circuit controls the acousto-optic modulator in a feedback mode according to the error signal.
12. The implementation method of claim 11, further comprising reflecting 657nm transmitted light emitted by the light spot beam shrinking device M times to form 4 657nm transmitted light beams, wherein the 4 657nm transmitted light beams enter the atomic action region respectively, and M is greater than or equal to 3.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein 4 of the 657nm transmitted light beams are parallel to each other.
14. The method according to any one of claims 11-13, further comprising using a third beam splitter to split the 657nm laser light emitted from the acousto-optic modulator, wherein the 657nm transmitted light emitted from the third beam splitter enters the speckle reduction device.
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| CN110783814A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-02-11 | 温州激光与光电子协同创新中心 | Small calcium atomic beam optical clock for modulation transfer detection between different wavelengths and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112864790B (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-12-28 | 北京大学 | 10mHz ultra-narrow linewidth laser and implementation method thereof |
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| CN110783814A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-02-11 | 温州激光与光电子协同创新中心 | Small calcium atomic beam optical clock for modulation transfer detection between different wavelengths and preparation method thereof |
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