CN115016156A - Display device with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles and driving method - Google Patents
Display device with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles and driving method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115016156A CN115016156A CN202210742293.5A CN202210742293A CN115016156A CN 115016156 A CN115016156 A CN 115016156A CN 202210742293 A CN202210742293 A CN 202210742293A CN 115016156 A CN115016156 A CN 115016156A
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
- G02F1/13476—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which at least one liquid crystal cell or layer assumes a scattering state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/028—Improving the quality of display appearance by changing the viewing angle properties, e.g. widening the viewing angle, adapting the viewing angle to the view direction
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a display device with switchable wide and narrow visual angles and a driving method thereof, wherein the display device comprises a dimming box and a liquid crystal display box; the light modulation box comprises an upper substrate, a lower substrate and a first liquid crystal layer arranged between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, wherein the upper substrate is provided with a first visual angle electrode, the lower substrate is provided with a plurality of light emitting diodes and a second visual angle electrode matched with the first visual angle electrode, and each light emitting diode at least corresponds to a pixel unit of the liquid crystal display box; the upper substrate or the lower substrate is provided with a refraction layer. When the viewing angle is wide, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is not equal to that of the refraction layer, and the refraction layer and the first liquid crystal layer form an astigmatism structure with astigmatism effect together, so that the display effect of the wide viewing angle is improved; in a narrow viewing angle, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is equal to that of the refractive layer, and thus the narrow viewing angle effect is not affected by the refractive layer. The light emitting diodes are directly arranged in the light modulation box, so that the thickness of the display device can be reduced, and the contrast and the display color gamut can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of displays, in particular to a display device with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles and a driving method.
Background
With the continuous progress of the liquid crystal display technology, the viewing angle of the display has been widened from about 112 ° to over 160 °, and people want to effectively protect business confidentiality and personal privacy while enjoying visual experience brought by a large viewing angle, so as to avoid business loss or embarrassment caused by the leakage of screen information. Therefore, in addition to the requirement of wide viewing angle, in many cases, the display device is required to have the function of switching between wide and narrow viewing angles.
At present mainly take attached tripe barrier film on the display screen to realize the switching of wide narrow visual angle, when needs peep-proof, utilize the tripe barrier film to cover the screen and can reduce the visual angle, but this kind of mode needs additionally to prepare the tripe barrier film, can cause very big inconvenience for the user, and a tripe barrier film can only realize a visual angle, in case after the attached tripe barrier film, the visual angle is just fixed in narrow visual angle mode, lead to can't freely switch between wide visual angle mode and narrow visual angle mode, and the peep-proof piece can cause the luminance to reduce and influence the display effect.
In the prior art, a dimming box and a display panel are also used for switching between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle, the display panel is used for displaying normal pictures, the dimming box is used for controlling the switching of the viewing angles, the dimming box comprises an upper substrate, a lower substrate and a liquid crystal layer between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and viewing angle control electrodes on the upper substrate and the lower substrate apply a vertical electric field to liquid crystal molecules to deflect liquid crystals in the vertical direction, so that a narrow viewing angle mode is realized. By controlling the voltage on the viewing angle control electrode, switching between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle can be achieved. The display device is usually used together with a collimating backlight module, so that a better narrow viewing angle effect is achieved, however, the narrow viewing angle effect is improved, and the wide viewing angle effect is poor; in addition, the collimating backlight module is additionally arranged, so that the thickness is thick, the contrast and color gamut are low, and the display effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a display device with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles and a driving method thereof, so as to solve the problems of poor wide viewing angle effect and low contrast ratio and color gamut of the display device in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a display device with switchable wide and narrow visual angles, which comprises a dimming box and a liquid crystal display box stacked on the upper side of the dimming box;
the dimming box comprises an upper substrate, a lower substrate arranged on the lower side of the upper substrate and a first liquid crystal layer arranged between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, wherein a first viewing angle electrode is arranged on one side of the upper substrate facing the first liquid crystal layer, a plurality of light emitting diodes distributed in an array mode and a second viewing angle electrode matched with the first viewing angle electrode are arranged on one side of the lower substrate facing the first liquid crystal layer, and each light emitting diode at least corresponds to a pixel unit of the liquid crystal display box;
the light modulation box further comprises a refraction layer, the refraction layer is adjacent to the first liquid crystal layer, and one side, facing the first liquid crystal layer, of the refraction layer is provided with a plurality of convex structures;
when the viewing angle is wide, liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a lying posture, at the moment, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is not equal to that of the refraction layer, and the refraction layer and the first liquid crystal layer form an astigmatism structure with astigmatism;
at a narrow viewing angle, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a tilted posture, and at this time, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is equal to that of the refractive layer.
Furthermore, the first liquid crystal layer adopts negative liquid crystal molecules, and the refraction layer is arranged on one side of the upper substrate facing the first liquid crystal layer;
in an initial state, the negative liquid crystal molecules are in an inclined posture, and the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is equal to that of the refraction layer;
and when the visual angle is wide, the negative liquid crystal molecules are in a lying posture, at the moment, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is larger than that of the refraction layer, and the refraction layer and the first liquid crystal layer form an astigmatism structure with an astigmatism effect together.
Furthermore, the first liquid crystal layer adopts positive liquid crystal molecules, and the refraction layer is arranged on one side of the lower substrate facing the first liquid crystal layer;
in an initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules are in a lying posture, at the moment, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is smaller than that of the refraction layer, and the refraction layer and the first liquid crystal layer form an astigmatism structure with an astigmatism effect together;
at a narrow viewing angle, the positive liquid crystal molecules are in a tilted posture, and at this time, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is equal to that of the refractive layer.
Further, the cross-sectional shape of the convex structure is trapezoidal, triangular or semicircular.
Furthermore, a diffusion sheet is arranged on one side, facing the first liquid crystal layer, of the lower substrate, and the diffusion sheet is located on the upper side of the light emitting diode.
Further, a wire grid polarizer is arranged on one side, facing the first liquid crystal layer, of the lower substrate, and the wire grid polarizer is located on the upper side of the diffusion sheet.
Furthermore, a reflecting layer is arranged on one side of the lower substrate, which is back to the first liquid crystal layer.
Furthermore, the lower substrate is provided with a plurality of light control areas, a plurality of light emitting diodes are arranged in each light control area, and all the light emitting diodes in each light control area are connected in series.
The present application also provides a driving method of a switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device, the driving method being used for driving the switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device as described above, the driving method including:
in a narrow viewing angle mode, applying a first electric signal to the first viewing angle electrode, applying a second electric signal to the second viewing angle electrode, wherein a pressure difference between the second electric signal and the first electric signal is smaller than a first preset value, the negative liquid crystal molecules are in an inclined posture, and at the moment, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is equal to that of the refraction layer;
and in a wide visual angle mode, applying a first electric signal to the first visual angle electrode, applying a third electric signal to the second visual angle electrode, wherein the pressure difference between the third electric signal and the first electric signal is greater than a second preset value, the negative liquid crystal molecules are in a lying posture, at the moment, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is greater than that of the refraction layer, and the refraction layer and the first liquid crystal layer jointly form an astigmatism structure with an astigmatism effect.
The present application also provides a driving method of a switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device, the driving method being used for driving the switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device as described above, the driving method including:
in a wide viewing angle mode, applying a first electric signal to the first viewing angle electrode, applying a second electric signal to the second viewing angle electrode, wherein a pressure difference between the second electric signal and the first electric signal is smaller than a first preset value, the positive liquid crystal molecules are in a lying posture, at the moment, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is smaller than that of the refraction layer, and the refraction layer and the first liquid crystal layer form an astigmatism structure with astigmatism;
and in a narrow viewing angle mode, applying a first electric signal to the first viewing angle electrode, applying a third electric signal to the second viewing angle electrode, wherein a pressure difference between the third electric signal and the first electric signal is greater than a second preset value, the positive liquid crystal molecules are in an inclined posture, and at the moment, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is equal to that of the refraction layer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the refraction layer is arranged in the light modulation box, the liquid crystal molecules have a birefringence effect, and the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a lying posture at a wide visual angle, at the moment, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is not equal to that of the refraction layer, the refraction layer and the first liquid crystal layer form an astigmatism structure with an astigmatism effect together, so that the brightness of a large visual angle in a wide visual angle mode is improved, and the display effect of the wide visual angle is improved; and when the narrow visual angle is formed, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in an inclined posture, and at the moment, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is equal to that of the refraction layer, so that the narrow visual angle effect cannot be influenced by the refraction layer. In addition, the light emitting diodes are arranged in the dimming box, so that a backlight module is not required to be arranged, the thickness of the display device is reduced, the local dimming effect can be realized, and the contrast and the display color gamut of the display device are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a display device with a narrow viewing angle according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a light path of light passing through the first liquid crystal layer and the refractive layer at a narrow viewing angle in the display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display device with a wide viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the light path of light passing through the first liquid crystal layer and the refractive layer when the display device has a wide viewing angle according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a lower substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a second schematic plan view illustrating a lower substrate according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device with a wide viewing angle according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the light path of light passing through the refractive layer and the first liquid crystal layer at a wide viewing angle in the display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a display device with a narrow viewing angle according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the light path of light passing through the refractive layer and the first liquid crystal layer in the display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view of a display device according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a second schematic plan view of the display device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description will be given of specific embodiments, structures, features and effects of the switchable wide and narrow viewing angles display device and the driving method according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments:
[ first embodiment ]
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device at a narrow viewing angle according to a first embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a light path of light passing through the first liquid crystal layer and the refractive layer when the display device has a narrow viewing angle according to the first embodiment of the invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device with a wide viewing angle according to an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a light path of light passing through the first liquid crystal layer and the refractive layer when the display device has a wide viewing angle according to the first embodiment of the invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of a lower substrate according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 6 is a second schematic plan view of the lower substrate according to the first embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a display device with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes a light modulation box 10 and a liquid crystal display box 20 stacked on an upper side of the light modulation box 10, that is, the liquid crystal display box 20 is disposed on a light emitting side of the light modulation box 10. The dimming box 10 is used for controlling the wide and narrow viewing angle switching of the display panel, and the liquid crystal display box 20 is used for controlling the display panel to display normal pictures.
The light control box 10 includes an upper substrate 11, a lower substrate 12 disposed below the upper substrate 11, and a first liquid crystal layer 13 disposed between the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12. A first viewing angle electrode 111 is disposed on one side of the upper substrate 11 facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, a plurality of light emitting diodes 121 distributed in an array and a second viewing angle electrode 124 matched with the first viewing angle electrode 111 are disposed on one side of the lower substrate 12 facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, and a voltage difference between the first viewing angle electrode 111 and the second viewing angle electrode 124 is controlled to control a deflection of liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13, so as to control a switching of a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle. The lcd 20 has a plurality of pixel units distributed in an array, and each led 121 corresponds to at least one pixel unit of the lcd 20, so that the dimming box 10 can not only provide a backlight source for the lcd 20, but also control the backlight brightness regionally, thereby reducing the thickness of the display device and improving the contrast and color gamut of the display device.
The light modulation box 10 further comprises a refraction layer 14, the refraction layer 14 is adjacent to the first liquid crystal layer 13, and a plurality of convex structures are arranged on one side of the refraction layer 14 facing the first liquid crystal layer 13.
At a wide viewing angle, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a lying posture, and at this time, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is not equal to (greater than or less than) the refractive index of the refractive layer 14, and the refractive layer 14 and the first liquid crystal layer 13 together form an astigmatism structure having an astigmatism effect; at the time of a narrow viewing angle, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a tilted posture, and at this time, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 14.
In this embodiment, the first liquid crystal layer 13 uses negative liquid crystal molecules, that is, liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy. The refractive layer 14 is provided on the side of the upper substrate 11 facing the first liquid crystal layer 13. The negative liquid crystal molecules have refractive indices ne of 1.5 and no of 1.7. The refractive index of the refractive layer 14 is slightly greater than ne. As shown in fig. 1, the negative liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are obliquely aligned at an inclination angle of 60 ° to 80 ° in the initial state, that is, the negative liquid crystal molecules form an angle of 60 ° to 80 ° with the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12 in the initial state, so that the dimming cell 10 exhibits a narrow viewing angle display in the initial state. At this time, since the negative liquid crystal molecules are in the tilted posture, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is smaller than no and slightly larger than ne, and the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refraction layer 14, the refraction layer 14 needs to be made of a resin material with a refractive index slightly larger than ne, for example, the refractive index is 1.55, and particularly, the negative liquid crystal molecules need to be set according to the refractive index when the negative liquid crystal molecules are in the tilted posture. When wide viewing angle display is required to be achieved, a viewing angle control voltage is applied to the first viewing angle electrode 111 and the second viewing angle electrode 124, so that a large voltage difference is formed between the first viewing angle electrode 111 and the second viewing angle electrode 124, and a strong electric field is formed, so that negative liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are driven to deflect in the vertical direction, the negative liquid crystal molecules are in a lying posture, and the light modulation box 10 displays wide viewing angle display. At this time, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is no and is greater than the refractive index of the refractive layer 14, the refractive layer 14 and the first liquid crystal layer 13 together form an astigmatism structure with an astigmatism effect, and the light passes through the first liquid crystal layer 13 and the refractive layer 14 and then is in a scattering state, as shown in fig. 4, so that the brightness of a large viewing angle when the viewing angle is wide is increased, and the display effect of the wide viewing angle is improved.
It is to be noted here that birefringence occurs when light propagates in liquid crystals; anisotropy of refractive index, birefringence is shown. For single-axis (uniaxial) crystals, there are two definitions of the refractive indices no and ne. Wherein no, it refers to the refractive index of ordinary light with the vibration direction of the photoelectric vector perpendicular to the optical axis of the crystal, i.e. the refractive index of ordinary ray (imaging ray), and therefore is abbreviated as no. The ordinary ray (imaging ray) is a term referring to that the electric field component (photoelectric vector vibration direction) of the light wave is perpendicular to the optical axis of the crystal. ne, which refers to the refractive index for extraordinary rays with the photoelectric vector vibration direction parallel to the crystal's optical axis. I.e. the refractive index for extraordinary rays (extraorary rays), and therefore is abbreviated ne. And extraordinary rays (extraordinary rays) refer to those rays whose electric field component of the light wave (the direction of vibration of the photovoltaic vector) is parallel to the optical axis of the crystal.
Further, the protruding structure is a columnar structure, and the cross-sectional shape of the protruding structure comprises a trapezoid, a triangle or a semicircle. In this embodiment, the protrusion structure is an inverted triangular prism, and the length of the inclined surface of the triangular prism is 15 um; the height is 5 um; the vertex angle β is 140 °, wherein the size of the triangular prism can be adjusted according to actual requirements. In other embodiments, the protruding structure may also be a truncated cone, a truncated pyramid, a pyramid, or a semispherical sphere.
In this embodiment, the first viewing angle electrode 111 and the second viewing angle electrode 124 are both planar electrodes, so that the entire surface of the display device with switchable viewing angles can be switched synchronously to realize the switching of the wide and narrow viewing angles. Of course, in other embodiments, the first viewing angle electrode 111 and/or the second viewing angle electrode 124 may be block structures independent of each other, so that wide and narrow viewing angle switching can be controlled in different regions, and the purpose of regional privacy protection is met.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 3, and 5, the light emitting diodes 121 correspond to the pixel units one to one, that is, the backlight brightness of each pixel unit can be independently controlled, and the brightness of the light emitting diode 121 at the corresponding position is controlled according to the brightness of different pixel units, so as to achieve high dynamic contrast and enhance the image display effect. Of course, in other embodiments, each of the light emitting diodes 121 may also be controlled together corresponding to a plurality of pixel units, that is, the backlight brightness of a plurality of pixel units. Or, as shown in fig. 6, the lower substrate 12 is provided with a plurality of light control areas, each light control area is provided with a plurality of light emitting diodes 121, and all the light emitting diodes 121 of each light control area are connected in series, so as to control the brightness of the light emitting diodes 121 at corresponding positions according to the brightness of different areas, thereby achieving the purpose of local dimming, achieving high dynamic contrast, and enhancing the image display effect. In this embodiment, the lower substrate 12 is provided with six light control areas (Q1-Q6, respectively). Of course, the screen may be divided into other number of areas according to the display application, for example, two, three, four, etc., or the area with a specific size may be divided at a specific position, so as to realize the regional control of the brightness of the light emitting diode 121.
The light emitting diode 121 may be a mini-LED (mini light emitting diode) or a Micro-LED (Micro light emitting diode).
In this embodiment, a diffusion sheet 122 is disposed on a side of the lower substrate 12 facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the light emitting diodes 121 are directly disposed on a surface of the lower substrate 12 facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the diffusion sheet 122 is disposed on an upper side of the light emitting diodes 121, and the diffusion sheet 122 is used for scattering light emitted by the light emitting diodes 121, so that the light is uniformly emitted to the first liquid crystal layer 13.
Further, a side of the lower substrate 12 facing the first liquid crystal layer 13 is provided with a wire grid polarizer 123, the wire grid polarizer 123 is positioned on an upper side of the diffusion sheet 122, and the second viewing angle electrodes 124 are positioned on the upper side of the wire grid polarizer 123 and insulated from each other. Where the wire grid polarizer 123 has a transmission axis and a reflection axis, light rays parallel to the transmission axis can pass through the wire grid polarizer 123 while light rays parallel to the reflection axis are reflected back by the wire grid polarizer 123.
Further, a reflective layer 125 is disposed on a side of the lower substrate 12 facing away from the first liquid crystal layer 13, and both the light leaked from the light emitting diode 121 to the lower side and the light reflected by the wire grid polarizer 123 are reflected by the reflective layer 125 toward the first liquid crystal layer 13, so as to improve the utilization rate of the light and reduce the energy consumption. The reflective layer 125 may be an aluminum film or a silver film coated on the lower side of the lower substrate 12.
The liquid crystal display box 20 includes a color filter substrate 21, an array substrate 22 disposed opposite to the color filter substrate 21, and a second liquid crystal layer 23 disposed between the color filter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22. The second liquid crystal layer 23 preferably uses positive liquid crystal molecules, that is, liquid crystal molecules whose dielectric anisotropy is positive. In the initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 23 are aligned parallel to the color filter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22, and the alignment directions of the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the color filter substrate 21 and the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the array substrate 22 are parallel or antiparallel. Of course, in other embodiments, the second liquid crystal layer 23 may also adopt negative liquid crystal molecules, and the negative liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 23 may be aligned perpendicular to the color film substrate 21 and the array substrate 22, that is, in an alignment manner similar to the VA display mode.
Further, a first polarizer 31 is disposed between the light modulation box 10 and the liquid crystal display box 20, a second polarizer 32 is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal display box 20 away from the light modulation box 10, a transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is perpendicular to a transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, and the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is parallel to a transmission axis of the wire grid polarizer 123.
The color filter substrate 21 is provided with color resist layers 212 arranged in an array and a black matrix 211 separating the color resist layers 212, and the color resist layers 212 include color resist materials of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and correspondingly form sub-pixels of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
The array substrate 22 is defined by a plurality of scan lines (not shown) and a plurality of data lines (not shown) crossing each other in an insulating manner on a side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23 to form a plurality of pixel units, a pixel electrode 222 and a thin film transistor (not shown) are disposed in each pixel unit, and the pixel electrode 222 is electrically connected to the data line of the adjacent thin film transistor through the thin film transistor. The thin film transistor includes a gate electrode, an active layer, a drain electrode, and a source electrode, the gate electrode and the scan line are located in the same layer and electrically connected, the gate electrode and the active layer are isolated by an insulating layer, the source electrode and the data line are electrically connected, and the drain electrode and the pixel electrode 222 are electrically connected through a contact hole.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a common electrode 221 is further disposed on a side of the array substrate 22 facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, and the common electrode 221 and the pixel electrode 222 are located at different layers and insulated and isolated by an insulating layer. The common electrode 221 may be located above or below the pixel electrode 222 (the common electrode 221 is located below the pixel electrode 222 in fig. 1). Preferably, the common electrode 221 is a planar electrode disposed over the entire surface, and the pixel electrode 222 is a block electrode disposed in one block in each pixel unit or a slit electrode having a plurality of electrode bars to form a Fringe Field Switching (FFS) mode. Of course, In other embodiments, the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221 may be located on the same layer, but they are insulated from each other, each of the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221 may include a plurality of electrode strips, and the electrode strips of the pixel electrode 222 and the electrode strips of the common electrode 221 are alternately arranged to form an In-Plane Switching (IPS) mode; alternatively, in other embodiments, the array substrate 22 is provided with the pixel electrode 222 on the side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, and the color filter substrate 21 is provided with the common electrode 221 on the side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, so as to form a TN mode or a VA mode.
The upper substrate 11, the lower substrate 12, the color filter substrate 21, and the array substrate 22 may be made of glass, acrylic, polycarbonate, or other materials. The material of the first viewing angle electrode 111, the second viewing angle electrode 124, the common electrode 221, and the pixel electrode 222 may be Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO), or the like.
The present embodiment also provides a driving method of a display device switchable between wide and narrow viewing angles, the driving method being used for driving the display device switchable between wide and narrow viewing angles, the driving method including:
as shown in fig. 1, in the narrow viewing angle mode, a first electrical signal is applied to the first viewing angle electrode 111, a second electrical signal is applied to the second viewing angle electrode 124, a voltage difference between the second electrical signal and the first electrical signal is smaller than a first preset value (for example, smaller than 0.5V), a vertical electric field is not substantially formed between the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12, negative liquid crystal molecules maintain an initial tilt posture, brightness becomes dark at a large viewing angle, and at this time, the light modulation box 10 displays a narrow viewing angle.
As shown in fig. 2, in the narrow viewing angle mode, the refractive index of the refractive layer 14 is equal to the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13, light rays do not refract when passing through the first liquid crystal layer 13 and the refractive layer 14 in sequence, and light is received by the first liquid crystal layer 13 at a large viewing angle, so that narrow viewing angle display is realized. Therefore, the provision of the refractive layer 14 does not affect the display effect of the narrow viewing angle.
The first electrical signal and the second electrical signal are both applied with 0V direct current voltage, namely the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal are both applied with 0V direct current voltage.
As shown in fig. 3, in the wide viewing angle mode, a first electrical signal is applied to the first viewing angle electrode 111, a third electrical signal is applied to the second viewing angle electrode 124, a voltage difference between the third electrical signal and the first electrical signal is greater than a second predetermined value (e.g., greater than 4.0V), a strong vertical electric field is formed between the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12 (E2 in fig. 3), the negative liquid crystal molecules are greatly deflected and assume a lying posture, and at this time, the light box 10 exhibits wide viewing angle display.
As shown in fig. 4, in the wide viewing angle mode, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is greater than the refractive index of the refractive layer 14, and as can be seen from the refractive index formula (n1 × Sin θ 1 — n2 × Sin θ 2), the refractive layer 14 and the first liquid crystal layer 13 form a light scattering structure having a light scattering effect, and light sequentially passes through the first liquid crystal layer 13 and the refractive layer 14 and then is emitted toward a large viewing angle, thereby enhancing the wide viewing angle effect.
[ example two ]
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device in a second embodiment of the invention at a wide viewing angle. Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a light path of light passing through the refractive layer and the first liquid crystal layer at a wide viewing angle in the display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device at a narrow viewing angle according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of light paths of light rays passing through the refractive layer and the first liquid crystal layer at a narrow viewing angle in the display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7 to 10, the display device with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles and the driving method thereof according to the second embodiment of the present invention are substantially the same as the display device with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles and the driving method thereof according to the first embodiment (fig. 1 to 6), except that in the present embodiment, the first liquid crystal layer 13 employs positive liquid crystal molecules, i.e., liquid crystal molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy. The refractive layer 14 is provided on the side of the lower substrate 12 facing the first liquid crystal layer 13. The negative liquid crystal molecules have refractive indexes ne of 1.7 and no of 1.5. The refractive layer 14 has a refractive index slightly less than ne, for example a refractive index of 1.65.
As shown in fig. 7, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are aligned parallel to the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12, and the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules near the upper substrate 11 is parallel or antiparallel to that of the positive liquid crystal molecules near the lower substrate 12, so that the light modulation cell 10 exhibits a wide viewing angle display in an initial state. At this time, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is no and smaller than the refractive index of the refractive layer 14, the refractive layer 14 and the first liquid crystal layer 13 together form an astigmatism structure with an astigmatism effect, and the light passes through the refractive layer 14 and the first liquid crystal layer 13 and then is in an astigmatism state, as shown in fig. 8, so that the brightness of a large viewing angle is increased when the viewing angle is wide, and the display effect of the wide viewing angle is improved. When narrow viewing angle display is required, a viewing angle control voltage is applied to the first viewing angle electrode 111 and the second viewing angle electrode 124, so that a larger voltage difference is formed between the first viewing angle electrode 111 and the second viewing angle electrode 124 and a stronger electric field is formed, positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are driven to deflect in the vertical direction, the positive liquid crystal molecules are made to be in an inclined posture, and the light modulation box 10 is made to display a narrow viewing angle. At this time, since the positive liquid crystal molecules are in the tilted posture, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is greater than no and slightly smaller than ne, and the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refraction layer 14, the refraction layer 14 needs to be made of a resin material with a refractive index slightly smaller than ne, for example, the refractive index is 1.65, and particularly, the positive liquid crystal molecules need to be set according to the refractive index when the positive liquid crystal molecules are in the tilted posture.
The present embodiment also provides a driving method of a display device switchable between wide and narrow viewing angles, the driving method being used for driving the display device switchable between wide and narrow viewing angles, the driving method including:
as shown in fig. 7, in the wide viewing angle mode, a first electrical signal is applied to the first viewing angle electrode 111, a second electrical signal is applied to the second viewing angle electrode 124, a voltage difference between the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal is smaller than a first predetermined value (e.g., smaller than 0.5V), a vertical electric field is not substantially formed between the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12, the positive liquid crystal molecules maintain an initial lying posture, and at this time, the light box 10 displays a wide viewing angle display.
As shown in fig. 8, in the wide viewing angle mode, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is smaller than the refractive index of the refractive layer 14, and as can be seen from the refractive index formula (n1 × Sin θ 1 — n2 × Sin θ 2), the refractive layer 14 and the first liquid crystal layer 13 form a light scattering structure having a light scattering effect, and light sequentially passes through the refractive layer 14 and the first liquid crystal layer 13 and then exits toward a large viewing angle, thereby enhancing the wide viewing angle effect.
The first electrical signal and the second electrical signal are applied with 0V direct current voltage, namely the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal are both applied with 0V direct current voltage.
As shown in fig. 9, in the narrow viewing angle mode, a first electrical signal is applied to the first viewing angle electrode 111, a third electrical signal is applied to the second viewing angle electrode 124, a voltage difference between the third electrical signal and the first electrical signal is greater than a second predetermined value (e.g., greater than 4.0V, a strong vertical electric field (E2 in fig. 3) is formed between the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12), the positive liquid crystal molecules are greatly deflected and assume an oblique posture, and the brightness becomes dark at a large viewing angle, at this time, the light box 10 displays a narrow viewing angle display.
As shown in fig. 10, in the narrow viewing angle mode, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 14, light is not refracted when passing through the refractive layer 14 and the first liquid crystal layer 13 in sequence, and the light is received by the first liquid crystal layer 13 at a large viewing angle, so that narrow viewing angle display is achieved. Therefore, the provision of the refractive layer 14 does not affect the display effect of the narrow viewing angle.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the rest of the structure and the operation principle of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and are not described herein again.
Fig. 11 is a first schematic plane structure of the display device of the present invention, and fig. 12 is a second schematic plane structure of the display device of the present invention. Referring to fig. 11 and 12, the display device is provided with a viewing angle switching key 40 for a user to send a viewing angle switching request to the display device. The view switching key 40 may be a physical key (as shown in fig. 11), or may be a software control or application program (APP) to implement a switching function (as shown in fig. 12, for example, a wide view and a narrow view are set by a slider). When a user needs to switch between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle, a viewing angle switching request can be sent to the display device by operating the viewing angle switching key 70, and finally the driving chip 50 controls to apply different electric signals to the first viewing angle electrode 111 and the second viewing angle electrode 124, so that the display device can realize the switching between the wide viewing angle and the narrow viewing angle. Therefore, the display device provided by the embodiment of the invention has stronger operation flexibility and convenience, and achieves the multifunctional display device integrating entertainment video and privacy.
In this document, the terms of upper, lower, left, right, front, rear and the like are used to define the positions of the structures in the drawings and the positions of the structures relative to each other, and are only used for the sake of clarity and convenience in technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims. It is also to be understood that the terms "first" and "second," etc., are used herein for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting in number or order.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A display device with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles is characterized by comprising a dimming cell (10) and a liquid crystal display cell (20) laminated on the upper side of the dimming cell (10);
the dimming box (10) comprises an upper substrate (11), a lower substrate (12) arranged on the lower side of the upper substrate (11) and a first liquid crystal layer (13) arranged between the upper substrate (11) and the lower substrate (12), wherein a first visual angle electrode (111) is arranged on one side, facing the first liquid crystal layer (13), of the upper substrate (11), a plurality of light emitting diodes (121) distributed in an array mode and a second visual angle electrode (124) matched with the first visual angle electrode (111) are arranged on one side, facing the first liquid crystal layer (13), of the lower substrate (12), and each light emitting diode (121) at least corresponds to a pixel unit of the liquid crystal display box (20);
the light modulation box (10) further comprises a refraction layer (14), the refraction layer (14) is adjacent to the first liquid crystal layer (13), and one side, facing the first liquid crystal layer (13), of the refraction layer (14) is provided with a plurality of convex structures;
at a wide viewing angle, liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) are in a lying posture, at the moment, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer (13) is not equal to that of the refraction layer (14), and the refraction layer (14) and the first liquid crystal layer (13) form an astigmatism structure with an astigmatism effect;
at a narrow viewing angle, liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) are in a tilted posture, and at this time, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer (13) is equal to that of the refractive layer (14).
2. The switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device according to claim 1, wherein the first liquid crystal layer (13) adopts negative liquid crystal molecules, and the refractive layer (14) is disposed on a side of the upper substrate (11) facing the first liquid crystal layer (13);
in an initial state, the negative liquid crystal molecules are in a tilted posture, and the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer (13) is equal to that of the refractive layer (14);
when the visual angle is wide, the negative liquid crystal molecules are in a lying posture, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer (13) is larger than that of the refraction layer (14), and the refraction layer (14) and the first liquid crystal layer (13) form an astigmatism structure with an astigmatism effect together.
3. The switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device according to claim 1, wherein the first liquid crystal layer (13) adopts positive liquid crystal molecules, and the refraction layer (14) is disposed on a side of the lower substrate (12) facing the first liquid crystal layer (13);
in an initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules are in a lying posture, at the moment, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer (13) is smaller than that of the refraction layer (14), and the refraction layer (14) and the first liquid crystal layer (13) form an astigmatism structure with astigmatism;
at a narrow viewing angle, the positive liquid crystal molecules are in a tilted posture, and at this time, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer (13) is equal to that of the refractive layer (14).
4. The switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device of claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion structure is trapezoidal, triangular or semicircular.
5. A switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a side of the lower substrate (12) facing the first liquid crystal layer (13) is provided with a diffuser (122), and the diffuser (122) is located on an upper side of the light emitting diode (121).
6. Switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device according to claim 5, characterized in that the side of the lower substrate (12) facing the first liquid crystal layer (13) is provided with a wire grid polarizer (123), the wire grid polarizer (123) being located on the upper side of the diffuser (122).
7. A switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the side of the lower substrate (12) facing away from the first liquid crystal layer (13) is provided with a reflective layer (125).
8. A switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lower substrate (12) is provided with a plurality of light control areas, each of the light control areas is provided with a plurality of light emitting diodes (121), and all the light emitting diodes (121) of each of the light control areas are connected in series.
9. A driving method of a switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device, for driving the switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device according to claim 2, the driving method comprising:
in a narrow viewing angle mode, applying a first electric signal to the first viewing angle electrode (111), applying a second electric signal to the second viewing angle electrode (124), wherein a pressure difference between the second electric signal and the first electric signal is smaller than a first preset value, the negative liquid crystal molecules are in a tilted posture, and at the moment, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer (13) is equal to that of the refraction layer (14);
in a wide viewing angle mode, a first electric signal is applied to the first viewing angle electrode (111), a third electric signal is applied to the second viewing angle electrode (124), the pressure difference between the third electric signal and the first electric signal is larger than a second preset value, the negative liquid crystal molecules are in a lying posture, at the moment, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer (13) is larger than that of the refraction layer (14), and the refraction layer (14) and the first liquid crystal layer (13) jointly form an astigmatism structure with an astigmatism effect.
10. A driving method of a switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device, for driving the switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device according to claim 3, the driving method comprising:
in a wide viewing angle mode, a first electric signal is applied to the first viewing angle electrode (111), a second electric signal is applied to the second viewing angle electrode (124), the pressure difference between the second electric signal and the first electric signal is smaller than a first preset value, the positive liquid crystal molecules are in a lying posture, at the moment, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer (13) is smaller than that of the refraction layer (14), and the refraction layer (14) and the first liquid crystal layer (13) jointly form an astigmatism structure with an astigmatism effect;
in a narrow viewing angle mode, a first electrical signal is applied to the first viewing angle electrode (111), a third electrical signal is applied to the second viewing angle electrode (124), a voltage difference between the third electrical signal and the first electrical signal is greater than a second preset value, the positive liquid crystal molecules are in a tilted posture, and at this time, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer (13) is equal to that of the refraction layer (14).
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| CN116256906A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-06-13 | 厦门天马微电子有限公司 | Display panel and display device |
| CN116400526A (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-07-07 | 惠科股份有限公司 | Display module, driving method and display device |
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