CN115015916A - Geological radar three-dimensional data offset homing method - Google Patents

Geological radar three-dimensional data offset homing method Download PDF

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CN115015916A
CN115015916A CN202210713023.1A CN202210713023A CN115015916A CN 115015916 A CN115015916 A CN 115015916A CN 202210713023 A CN202210713023 A CN 202210713023A CN 115015916 A CN115015916 A CN 115015916A
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wave
geological radar
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dimensional data
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齐振洪
杨智华
张新
段建军
王�锋
范发龙
王卫光
乔旭
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Shanxi Huayang Group Xinneng Co ltd
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
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Abstract

The invention provides a geological radar three-dimensional data migration homing method which is based on a geological radar two-dimensional section, firstly obtains a dense section through boundary continuation and interpolation, then two-dimensionally images the dense section through a frequency-wavenumber domain migration method for estimating wave speed, and finally constructs three-dimensional data through inter-image three-dimensional weighted interpolation, so that multiple wave interference can be eliminated, target positioning in a three-dimensional space is facilitated, and the position of a geological structure in the three-dimensional space is more clearly and accurately judged.

Description

Geological radar three-dimensional data offset homing method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration, and particularly relates to a geological radar three-dimensional data migration homing method.
Background
In the process of coal mining, geological structure changes are easily caused, and mine mining accidents are easily caused by hidden geological structure abnormalities (such as faults, collapse columns, buckling and the like). Major mining incidents include roof damage, coal and gas outbursts, mine water gushes, etc. The geological radar is used as an effective geophysical prospecting means and is suitable for detecting geological structure abnormalities such as faults, collapse columns, flexure and the like.
When the geological radar carries out three-dimensional advanced detection, high-frequency broadband electromagnetic waves in a pulse form are sent to a working surface, and a part of the high-frequency broadband electromagnetic waves directly reach a receiving antenna through a transmitting antenna to form coupled waves; the coupling wave and the direct wave are often called as the direct coupling wave and are often used for judging a time zero point and used as a judgment reference for the depth of an underground target body, the other part of the electromagnetic wave enters the front of a working surface and is transmitted in a medium, when the coupling wave meets a target body with electrical difference (such as a fault, a collapse column, a fold curve and the like) or different medium interfaces, the electromagnetic wave is reflected, and the reflected electromagnetic wave is received by a receiving antenna when returning to the working surface. The received signals are collected, processed and stored to form geological radar data containing medium information in front of the working face.
Due to the fact that geological radar three-dimensional advanced detection data are interfered by multiples, errors exist in the signal space position. Therefore, the geological radar three-dimensional data offset homing method can eliminate multiple wave interference and judge the position of a geological structure in a three-dimensional space more clearly and accurately.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to obtain a dense section through boundary continuation and interpolation according to the characteristics of geological radar data, then carry out two-dimensional imaging on the dense section through a frequency-wavenumber domain migration method for estimating wave velocity, and finally construct three-dimensional data through inter-image interpolation. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: carrying out boundary extension on a two-dimensional profile D (x, y, t) of a geological radar, wherein x is 1,2, the
Figure BDA0003707636350000021
Wherein x' is 1 , 2,...,m , m +1, the term, m + N, N are the number of boundary continuation tracks, and then inter-track third-order interpolation is performed
Figure BDA0003707636350000022
Wherein x' is the track number of the interpolated dense profile, d l Is composed of
Figure BDA0003707636350000023
And
Figure BDA0003707636350000024
n, N is the number of boundary extension tracks, typically N is 6;
and 2, step: dense profile
Figure BDA0003707636350000025
Wherein x' is 1,2, 1., m, m +1,. 2m, y n is obtained by first performing fourier transform by using a frequency-wavenumber domain offset method for estimating the wave velocity
Figure BDA0003707636350000026
Where ω is the angular frequency, k x The wave number domain component in the moving direction of the antenna is obtained through Fourier inverse transformation
Figure BDA0003707636350000027
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003707636350000028
is the local wave velocity, k, at the cross-sectional location (x', y) y A wave number domain component in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave, x' ═ 1,2,. m, m, +1,. m,. 2y ═ 1,2,. n, t ═ 0;
and step 3: to the imaging result
Figure BDA0003707636350000029
Three-dimensional weighted interpolation is performed, and since t is 0,
Figure BDA00037076363500000210
can be simplified into
Figure BDA00037076363500000211
Three-dimensional data composed of multiple sets of two-dimensional imaging results can be represented as
Figure BDA00037076363500000212
Wherein z is 1 , S, s is the total number of two-dimensional imaging results, and any point of the three-dimensional data can be represented as
Figure BDA00037076363500000213
Wherein, Deltax belongs to (x ' -1, x ' +1) as a certain value of which the distance x ' is less than 1, and Deltay belongs to (y-1, y +1) as a distance y A value less than 1, Δ z ∈ (z-1, z +1) being a distance z less than 1A certain value, α i Is composed of
Figure BDA00037076363500000214
Value of ith weight coefficient, beta i Is composed of
Figure BDA00037076363500000215
Value of ith weight coefficient, gamma i Is composed of
Figure BDA00037076363500000216
An ith weighted coefficient value, where i is 0,1,2, x' is 1,2, m, m +1, 2m, y is 1,2, n, z is 1, 2.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. by the frequency-wavenumber domain migration method for predicting the wave velocity, the velocity field reconstruction of a complex geological environment can be realized, and the accuracy of target positioning is improved.
2. The geological radar three-dimensional data migration homing method provided by the invention can eliminate multiple wave interference, more clearly and accurately judge the position of a geological structure in a three-dimensional space, and is beneficial to positioning and explaining a target in the three-dimensional space.
Drawings
FIG. 1 geological radar data processing flow chart of the invention
FIG. 2 initial two-dimensional profile of geological radar data of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a geological radar data migration imaging result profile of the present invention
FIG. 4 three-dimensional imaging results of geological radar data of the invention
Detailed Description
Aiming at the three-dimensional advanced detection data characteristics of the geological radar, firstly, a dense section is obtained through boundary continuation and interpolation, then, the dense section is subjected to two-dimensional imaging through a frequency-wavenumber domain migration method for estimating the wave velocity, and finally, three-dimensional data is constructed through image interpolation, so that multiple wave interference is eliminated, and the three-dimensional space target positioning is facilitated.
The invention discloses a geological radar three-dimensional data offset homing method which is divided into two situations, wherein in the first situation, the channel number is larger than the number of sampling points (2m is larger than n) through inter-channel three-order interpolation, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) for the dense profile obtained in step 1
Figure BDA0003707636350000031
Wherein, x' is 1,2, 1, m, m +1, 2m, y is 0, t is 1,2, n adopts a frequency-wave number domain offset method for estimating wave speed, and firstly, the n is obtained by Fourier transform
Figure BDA0003707636350000032
Where ω is the angular frequency, k x The wave number domain component in the moving direction of the antenna is obtained through Fourier inverse transformation
Figure BDA0003707636350000033
Wherein v is x′y Is the local wave velocity, k, at the cross-sectional location (x', y) y A wave number domain component in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave, x' ═ 1,2,. m, m, +1,. m,. 2y ═ 1,2,. n, t ═ 0;
(2) to the imaging result
Figure BDA0003707636350000034
Three-dimensional weighted interpolation is performed, and since t is 0,
Figure BDA0003707636350000035
can be simplified into
Figure BDA0003707636350000036
Three-dimensional data composed of multiple sets of two-dimensional imaging results can be represented as
Figure BDA0003707636350000041
Wherein z is 1 , S, s is the total number of two-dimensional imaging results, and any point of the three-dimensional data can be represented as
Figure BDA0003707636350000042
Wherein, Deltax belongs to (x ' -1, x ' +1) as a certain value of which the distance x ' is less than 1, and Deltay belongs to (y-1, y +1) as a distance y A value less than 1, Δ z ∈ (z-1, z +1) is a value less than 1 from z, α i Is composed of
Figure BDA0003707636350000043
Value of ith weight coefficient, beta i Is composed of
Figure BDA0003707636350000044
Value of ith weight coefficient, gamma i Is composed of
Figure BDA0003707636350000045
An ith weighted coefficient value, where i is 0,1,2, x' is 1,2, m, m +1, 2m, y is 1,2, n, z is 1, 2.
In the second case, after inter-channel three-order interpolation, the channel number is less than or equal to the number of sampling points (2m is less than or equal to n), and the specific steps are as follows: (1) for the dense profile obtained in step 1
Figure BDA0003707636350000046
Wherein x' is 1,2, 1., m, m +1,. 2m, y n, where n is obtained by performing boundary extension again, i.e., 0, t is 1,2
Figure BDA0003707636350000047
Wherein x ″ ═ 1 , 2,...,2m , 2m +1, 2m +2N, N is the number of boundary continuation tracks, and third-order interpolation between tracks is performed again
Figure BDA0003707636350000048
Wherein, x' is the track number of the geological radar data after interpolation, d l Is D '(x', y, t) and
Figure BDA0003707636350000049
1, l is 1 , N, usually N is 6, and if the number of tracks is equal to or less than the number of sampling points (4m ≦ N), the above interpolation is repeated until λ m > N, λ m being the number of tracks after interpolation, λ being a constant, and the data after interpolation being the number of tracks after interpolation
Figure BDA00037076363500000410
`x＝1 , 2,...,λm。
(2) Dense profile
Figure BDA00037076363500000411
Wherein:' x ═ 1, 2., m, m + 1., λ m, y ═ 0, t ═ 1, 2., n adopts frequency-wave number domain shift method of estimating wave speed, firstly, through fourier transform, obtain
Figure BDA00037076363500000412
Where ω is the angular frequency, k x The wave number domain component in the moving direction of the antenna is obtained through Fourier inverse transformation
Figure BDA0003707636350000051
Wherein v is x′y Is the local wave velocity, k, at the cross-sectional location (' x, y) y A wave number domain component in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave, where "x ═ 1,2,. m, m, +1, λ.. m,, y ═ 1,2,. n, t ═ 0;
(3) to the imaging result
Figure BDA0003707636350000052
Three-dimensional weighted interpolation is performed, since t is 0,
Figure BDA0003707636350000053
can be simplified into
Figure BDA0003707636350000054
Three-dimensional data composed of multiple sets of two-dimensional imaging results can be represented as
Figure BDA0003707636350000055
Wherein z is 1 , S, s is the total number of two-dimensional imaging results, and any point of the three-dimensional data can be represented as
Figure BDA0003707636350000056
Wherein, Δ x ∈ ('x-1,' x +1 ') is a value where the distance' x is less than 1, Δ y ∈ (y-1, y +1) is a value where the distance y is less than 1, Δ z ∈ (z-1, z +1) is a value where the distance z is less than 1, and α i Is composed of
Figure BDA0003707636350000057
Value of ith weight coefficient, beta i Is composed of
Figure BDA0003707636350000058
Value of ith weight coefficient, gamma i Is composed of
Figure BDA0003707636350000059
An ith weight coefficient value, where i is 0,1,2, and "x" is 1, 2., m, m + 1., λ m, y "1, 2., n, z" 1, 2., s.

Claims (1)

1. A geological radar three-dimensional data migration homing method is based on a geological radar two-dimensional section, firstly a dense section is obtained through boundary continuation and interpolation, then the dense section is subjected to two-dimensional imaging through a frequency-wavenumber domain migration method for estimating wave velocity, and finally three-dimensional data is constructed through image interpolation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: carrying out boundary extension on a two-dimensional profile D (x, y, t) of a geological radar, wherein x is 1,2, the
Figure FDA0003707636340000011
Wherein, x' is 1,2, 1, m, m +1, m + N, N is the number of boundary extension tracks, and then the third-order interpolation between tracks is carried out
Figure FDA0003707636340000012
Wherein x' is the track number of the interpolated dense section, d l Is composed of
Figure FDA0003707636340000013
And
Figure FDA0003707636340000014
n, N is the number of boundary extension tracks, typically N is 6;
step 2: dense profile
Figure FDA0003707636340000015
Wherein, x' is 1,2, 1, m, m +1, 2m, y is 0, t is 1,2, n adopts a frequency-wave number domain offset method for estimating wave speed, and firstly, the n is obtained by Fourier transform
Figure FDA0003707636340000016
Where ω is the angular frequency, k x The wave number domain component in the moving direction of the antenna is obtained through Fourier inverse transformation
Figure FDA0003707636340000017
Wherein v is x′y Is the local wave velocity, k, at the cross-sectional location (x', y) y A wave number domain component in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave, x' ═ 1,2,. m, m, +1,. m,. 2y ═ 1,2,. n, t ═ 0;
and step 3: to the imaging result
Figure FDA0003707636340000018
Three-dimensional weighted interpolation is performed, and since t is 0,
Figure FDA0003707636340000019
can be simplified into
Figure FDA00037076363400000110
Three-dimensional data composed of multiple sets of two-dimensional imaging results can be represented as
Figure FDA00037076363400000111
Where z is 1,2, s, s is the total number of two-dimensional imaging results, and any point of the three-dimensional data may be represented as
Figure FDA0003707636340000021
Wherein, Δ x ∈ (x ' -1, x ' +1) is a value less than 1 for distance x ', Δ y ∈ (y-1, y +1) is a value less than 1 for distance y, Δ z ∈ (z-1, z +1) is a value less than 1 for distance z, α i Is composed of
Figure FDA0003707636340000022
Value of ith weight coefficient, beta i Is composed of
Figure FDA0003707636340000023
Value of ith weight coefficient, gamma i Is composed of
Figure FDA0003707636340000024
An ith weighted coefficient value, where i is 0,1,2, x' is 1,2, m, m +1, 2m, y is 1,2, n, z is 1, 2.
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US5617372A (en) * 1996-08-14 1997-04-01 Western Atlas International, Inc. Unaliased spatial trace interpolation in the f-k domain
US20040111217A1 (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-06-10 Core Laboratories, Lp Method and system for limited frequency seismic imaging
CN104991271A (en) * 2015-06-17 2015-10-21 西南石油大学 Prestack depth migration method based on VTI medium bidirectional wave field superposition
CN106338766A (en) * 2015-07-07 2017-01-18 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Pre-stack time migration method based on split-step Fourier algorithm
CN112987088A (en) * 2021-02-22 2021-06-18 成都理工大学 Seepage medium seismic transverse wave numerical simulation and imaging method

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